coalesce
All a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
All CEFR A1 A2 B1 B2 C1 C2
Content locale
EN Anglais BN Bengali HI Hindi ES Espagnol FR Français DE Allemand RU Russe ZH Chinois JA Japonais
All Vocabulary Cards All Vocabularies
C1 verb ˌkəʊ.əˈles

coalesce

fusionner
Meaning
Come together and form one mass or whole; unite to form one organization or group.
Example
The different theories coalesced into one unified idea.
Les différentes théories se sont fusionnées en une idée unifiée.
C1 noun /kənˈvʌl.ʃən/

convulsion

convulsion
Meaning
a sudden, violent, involuntary contraction of muscles; a seizure
Example
The medicine helped prevent convulsions in children.
Le médicament a aidé à prévenir les convulsions chez les enfants.
C1 noun /wɪm/

whim

caprice
Meaning
a sudden or unpredictable idea, desire, or decision
Example
She bought the dress on a whim.
Elle a acheté la robe sur un caprice.
C1 noun /wæɡ/

Wag

farceur; quelqu'un qui aime faire des blagues
Meaning
a humorous or playful person; someone who enjoys joking around
Example
The class wag always made everyone laugh with his clever jokes.
Le farceur de la classe faisait toujours rire tout le monde avec ses blagues intelligentes.
C1 noun /ˈpluː.mɪdʒ/

plumage

plumage
Meaning
the feathers covering a bird's body
Example
The peacock's plumage was vibrant and eye-catching.
Le plumage du paon était vibrant et frappant.
C1 adjective /ˈtrænzɪtɔːri/

transitory

transitoire
Meaning
Not permanent; temporary.
Example
The transitory nature of fame makes it difficult to maintain.
La nature transitoire de la célébrité rend sa conservation difficile.
C1 adjective /hɜːrˈbɪv.ər.əs/

Herbivorous

herbivore
Meaning
feeding on plants; plant-eating
Example
Cows are herbivorous animals that graze on grass.
Les vaches sont des animaux herbivores qui paissent de l'herbe.
C1 verb /ɪnˈdaʊ/

endow

doter
Meaning
To provide with a quality, ability, or gift; to donate funds for a purpose.
Example
The university was endowed with a generous donation.
L'université a été dotée d'un généreux don.
C1 noun ɡrɪt

grit

détermination
Meaning
Long-term determination and perseverance in the face of hardship and challenges.
Example
His grit and hard work led him to success.
Sa détermination et son travail acharné l'ont conduit au succès.
C1 adjective /ɪˌlɪzəˈbiːθən/

elizabethan

époque élisabéthaine
Meaning
Relating to the reign of Queen Elizabeth I of England (1558–1603), especially the style of that period.
Example
Shakespeare wrote many of his plays during the Elizabethan era.
Shakespeare a écrit de nombreuses pièces pendant l'époque élisabéthaine.
C1 adverb /ˌkɒnfɪˈdenʃəli/

Confidentially

confidentiellement
Meaning
in a confidential manner; secretly; privately
Example
The information was shared confidentially between the two managers.
L'information a été partagée confidentiellement entre les deux gestionnaires.
C1 adjective /ˌɪnstənˈteɪniəs/

instantaneous

instantané
Meaning
Happening immediately, without any delay.
Example
The change in temperature was almost instantaneous.
Le changement de température a été presque instantané.
C1 verb/noun /ˈswæɡ.ər/

swagger

arrogance
Meaning
To walk or behave in a very confident and arrogant way.
Example
He swaggered into the room as if he owned the place.
Il est entré dans la pièce comme s'il était le propriétaire.
C1 verb /əbˈstrʌkt/

obstruct

obstruer
Meaning
to block or hinder progress; to prevent or impede movement
Example
The fallen tree obstructed the road for several hours.
L'arbre tombé obstruait la route pendant plusieurs heures.
C1 noun, adjective /ˈrɛvərənd/

reverend

révérend, honorable
Meaning
A title of respect used for members of the clergy; deserving deep respect.
Example
The Reverend gave an inspiring sermon at the church.
Le révérend a prononcé un sermon inspirant à l'église.
C1 adjective /ˈstʌm.pi/

Stumpy

court et épais
Meaning
short and thick; having a short, thick appearance
Example
The stumpy little dog wagged its tail enthusiastically.
Le petit chien court et épais a agité sa queue avec enthousiasme.
C1 noun /ˌɪməˈtjʊərəti/

immaturity

immaturité
Meaning
the state of not being fully developed emotionally, mentally, or physically; lack of maturity
Example
His immaturity made it difficult for him to handle responsibility.
Son immaturité a rendu la gestion des responsabilités difficile.
C1 verb /kənˈspaɪər/

conspire

conspirer
Meaning
to secretly plan with others to do something harmful or illegal
Example
They conspired to overthrow the government.
Ils ont conspiré pour renverser le gouvernement.
C1 noun /ˈsuːdənɪm/

pseudonym

pseudonyme
Meaning
a fictitious name used by an author instead of their real name
Example
Mark Twain was the pseudonym of Samuel Clemens.
Mark Twain était le pseudonyme de Samuel Clemens.
C1 noun /taɪˈkuːn/

tycoon

magnat
Meaning
a wealthy, powerful businessperson
Example
The real estate tycoon invested in several skyscrapers.
Le magnat de l'immobilier a investi dans plusieurs gratte-ciel.
C1 adjective /əˈblaɪdʒɪŋ/

obliging

serviable
Meaning
Willing to help or do favors; accommodating.
Example
The staff at the hotel were very obliging and friendly.
Le personnel de l'hôtel était très serviable et amical.
C1 adjective /ˈsaɪz.mɪk/

seismic

sismique
Meaning
Relating to earthquakes or vibrations of the earth and its crust.
Example
The region is known for its seismic activity.
La région est connue pour son activité sismique.
C1 adjective /ˌʌnəˈsjuːmɪŋ/

unassuming

modeste
Meaning
Not pretentious or arrogant; modest.
Example
Despite his success, he remained unassuming and humble.
Malgré son succès, il est resté modeste et humble.
C1 adjective /ˈɔːrθədɑːks/

orthodox

orthodoxe
Meaning
conforming to traditional beliefs or practices
Example
He comes from a very orthodox family.
Il vient d'une famille très orthodoxe.
C1 adjective /dɪˈstrɔːt/

distraught

déstabilisé
Meaning
extremely upset and anxious, often to the point of being unable to think clearly
Example
She was distraught after losing her pet.
Elle était déstabilisée après avoir perdu son animal de compagnie.
C1 verb, adjective, noun /spruːs/

spruce

ranger / un type d'arbre
Meaning
to make neat or tidy in appearance; also refers to an evergreen tree
Example
He spruced up his room before the guests arrived.
Il a arrangé sa chambre avant l'arrivée des invités.
C1 adjective /ˈpɒs.tʃə.məs/

Posthumous

posthume
Meaning
occurring or continuing after death; published after the author's death
Example
The author received a posthumous award for his last novel.
L'auteur a reçu un prix posthume pour son dernier roman.
C1 noun /ˈfɔːrˌθɔːt/

forethought

prévoyance
Meaning
careful consideration of what will be necessary or may happen in the future
Example
With a little forethought, we could have avoided the problem.
Avec un peu de prévoyance, nous aurions pu éviter le problème.
C1 noun /aɪ/

aye

oui
Meaning
an affirmative vote or expression of agreement
Example
The committee voted aye on the proposal.
Le comité a voté oui pour la proposition.
C1 verb /kənˈstruː/

construe

interpréter
Meaning
to interpret or understand the meaning of something in a particular way
Example
His words could be construed as a threat.
Ses mots pouvaient être interprétés comme une menace.
C1 noun /pɪˈtaɪə/

Pitaya / Dragon fruit

fruit du dragon
Meaning
a tropical fruit with bright pink or red skin and white flesh speckled with black seeds
Example
The pitaya has a mild, sweet flavor and a unique appearance.
La pitaya a une saveur douce et délicate et une apparence unique.
C1 noun /daɪˈsɛkʃən/

dissection

dissection
Meaning
the act of cutting apart or analyzing something in detail, especially a body or structure
Example
The dissection of the specimen revealed important details about its structure.
La dissection de l'échantillon a révélé des détails importants sur sa structure.
C1 noun /ˈbuːt.stræp.ɪŋ/

bootstrapping

autofinancement
Meaning
Starting a business with personal resources or small investments without external funding or venture capital.
Example
Many entrepreneurs rely on bootstrapping to launch their businesses.
Beaucoup d'entrepreneurs dépendent du bootstrapping pour lancer leurs entreprises.
C1 noun /kʌˈstoʊ.di.ən/

Custodian

concierge; gardien; gestionnaire
Meaning
a person who has responsibility for or looks after something; a caretaker or guardian
Example
The school custodian ensures that all buildings are clean and secure.
Le concierge de l'école veille à ce que tous les bâtiments soient propres et sécurisés.
C1 noun /bɪˈriːvmənt/

bereavement

deuil
Meaning
The state of having lost a loved one through death.
Example
She received many letters of sympathy during her time of bereavement.
Elle a reçu de nombreuses lettres de sympathie pendant son deuil.
C1 adjective /ˈsɜːrli/

surly

grognon
Meaning
bad-tempered and unfriendly
Example
The waiter gave us a surly look when we asked for more water.
Le serveur nous a lancé un regard grognon lorsque nous avons demandé plus d'eau.
C1 noun /mɪsˈɡɪv.ɪŋ/

Misgiving

doute; appréhension; incertitude
Meaning
A feeling of doubt or apprehension about the outcome or consequences of something
Example
She had serious misgivings about accepting the job offer.
Elle avait de sérieuses réserves concernant l'acceptation de l'offre d'emploi.
C1 adjective ˌkɒn.ʃiˈen.ʃəs

conscientious

consciencieux
Meaning
Wishing to do what is right, especially to do one's work or duty well and thoroughly.
Example
A conscientious worker always delivers high-quality results.
Un travailleur consciencieux livre toujours des résultats de haute qualité.
C1 noun /ˈeɪ.peks/

apex

apex, sommet, point culminant
Meaning
The highest point or peak of something; the top or summit.
Example
He reached the apex of his career.
Il a atteint l'apex de sa carrière.
C1 adjective /ˈmeʒ.ər.ə.bəl/

Measurable

mesurable; quantifiable
Meaning
able to be measured; quantifiable
Example
The project's success was measurable by increased sales.
Le succès du projet était mesurable par l'augmentation des ventes.
C1 noun, verb /wɪf/

whiff

légère odeur
Meaning
A brief, faint smell or puff of air; to get a quick smell of something.
Example
I caught a whiff of perfume as she passed by.
J'ai senti une légère odeur de parfum lorsqu'elle est passée.
C1 adjective /ˌɔːrθəˈpiːdɪk/

orthopedic

relatif à la correction des déformations osseuses ou musculaires
Meaning
Relating to the correction of deformities of bones or muscles.
Example
She visited an orthopedic surgeon for her back pain.
Elle a consulté un chirurgien orthopédique pour sa douleur au dos.
C1 noun /səˈsteɪnəbl ˈæɡrɪkʌltʃər/

sustainable agriculture

agriculture durable
Meaning
Farming practices that meet current food needs while preserving environmental resources and maintaining the ability to produce food for future generations through ecologically sound methods.
Example
Sustainable agriculture practices protect the environment while ensuring food security.
Les pratiques d'agriculture durable protègent l'environnement tout en assurant la sécurité alimentaire.
C1 noun /ˈmɛm.breɪn/

membrane

membrane
Meaning
A thin layer of tissue or material that covers, separates, or connects structures.
Example
The cell membrane controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell.
La membrane cellulaire contrôle le mouvement des substances à l'intérieur et à l'extérieur de la cellule.
C1 verb /dɪˈzɪst/

desist

cesser
Meaning
to stop doing something, especially an action considered wrong or undesirable
Example
The judge ordered the company to desist from unfair practices.
Le juge a ordonné à l'entreprise de cesser les pratiques injustes.
C1 adjective /ˈkɔːrəl/

choral

relatif au chœur
Meaning
Relating to, written for, or performed by a choir or chorus.
Example
The church hosted a choral performance on Sunday.
L'église a organisé une performance chorale dimanche.
C1 adjective /ˈsɜːrvɪsəbl/

serviceable

utilisable
Meaning
fit for use; usable; in working order
Example
The old bicycle is still serviceable despite its age.
Le vieux vélo est encore utilisable malgré son âge.
C1 adjective /ˈreɪ.si/

racy

osé
Meaning
Lively, entertaining, or slightly shocking (especially in a sexual way).
Example
The novel was full of racy dialogues.
Le roman était plein de dialogues osés.
C1 adjective /snaɪd/

snide

moqueur
Meaning
mocking or insulting in an indirect way
Example
He couldn’t resist making a snide comment about her dress.
Il ne pouvait s'empêcher de faire un commentaire moqueur sur sa robe.
C1 adjective /ɪkˈstɛnjueɪtɪŋ/

extenuating

atténuant
Meaning
serving to make a fault or an offense seem less serious
Example
She asked for leniency due to extenuating circumstances.
Elle a demandé la clémence en raison des circonstances atténuantes.
C1 adjective /pərˈsweɪdəbl̩/

persuadable

facilement influençable
Meaning
capable of being convinced or influenced to do something
Example
She was easily persuadable when it came to trying new foods.
Elle était facilement influençable quand il s'agissait d'essayer de nouveaux aliments.
C1 noun /əbˈdʒɛktər/

objector

opposant
Meaning
a person who expresses opposition or disapproval to something
Example
The objector raised his concerns during the town meeting.
L'opposant a exprimé ses préoccupations lors de la réunion municipale.
C1 verb /nʌdʒ/

nudge

coup de coude
Meaning
To push someone gently, usually with your elbow, in order to attract attention.
Example
She nudged him to be quiet during the meeting.
Elle lui donna un coup de coude pour qu'il se taise pendant la réunion.
C1 adjective /ˌbaɪˈlæt.ər.əl/

bilateral

bilatéral
Meaning
An agreement or relationship between two parties that is mutual, two-sided, or reciprocal.
Example
The two countries signed a bilateral trade agreement.
Les deux pays ont signé un accord commercial bilatéral.
C1 adjective /riˈæk.tɪv/

Reactive

réactif; chimiquement actif
Meaning
responding to situations rather than initiating them; chemically active
Example
The company took a reactive approach to customer complaints.
L'entreprise a adopté une approche réactive face aux plaintes des clients.
C1 adjective/adverb /əˈmɪs/

amiss

incorrect
Meaning
Not quite right; inappropriate or out of place.
Example
Something seems amiss with the car's engine.
Il semble y avoir quelque chose d'incorrect avec le moteur de la voiture.
C1 noun /ˌɪndɪˈdʒɛstʃən/

indigestion

indigestion
Meaning
Discomfort or pain in the stomach associated with difficulty in digesting food.
Example
He avoided spicy food because it often gave him indigestion.
Il evitait les aliments epices car cela lui donnait souvent une indigestion.
C1 noun /lɪŋˈɡwɪstɪks/

linguistics

linguistique
Meaning
The scientific study of language and its structure.
Example
She decided to major in linguistics at university.
Elle a décidé de se spécialiser en linguistique à l'université.
C1 noun ˈhaɪ.drə.dʒən ˈpaʊ.əd bʌsɪz

hydrogen-powered buses

autobus à hydrogène
Meaning
Buses powered by hydrogen fuel cells that produce only water vapor as emission.
Example
Hydrogen-powered buses reduce air pollution.
Les autobus à hydrogène réduisent la pollution de l'air.
C1 noun /lɪˈkjʊər/

liqueur

liqueur sucrée
Meaning
A strong, sweet alcoholic drink flavored with fruits, herbs, or spices.
Example
She served a small glass of cherry liqueur after dinner.
Elle a servi un petit verre de liqueur de cerise après le dîner.
C1 noun /ˈælɪbaɪ/

alibi

alibi
Meaning
A claim or piece of evidence that one was elsewhere when an act, typically a crime, was committed.
Example
She had a strong alibi that proved she was at the cinema during the theft.
Elle avait un alibi solide qui prouvait qu'elle était au cinéma au moment du vol.
C1 noun /ˈθʌroʊˌfɛr/

thoroughfare

rue principale
Meaning
a main road or public highway that goes through a place
Example
The new mall is located along the main thoroughfare.
Le nouveau centre commercial est situé le long de la rue principale.
C1 noun /ˈmɔːr.ɡɪʤ/

Mortgage

hypothèque
Meaning
a legal agreement by which a bank lends money to buy property
Example
They took out a mortgage to buy their first house.
Ils ont pris une hypothèque pour acheter leur première maison.
C1 adjective /ˈfeɪl.seɪf/

fail-safe

antifaille
Meaning
designed to prevent failure or accidents; guaranteed to work correctly
Example
The engineers installed a fail-safe mechanism in the nuclear plant.
Les ingénieurs ont installé un mécanisme antifaille dans la centrale nucléaire.
C1 adjective /bəˈnɑːl/ or /ˈbeɪnəl/

banal

banal
Meaning
Lacking originality; boringly obvious and commonplace.
Example
His speech was full of banal clichés.
Son discours était plein de clichés banals.
C1 verb diːˈsɛn.sɪ.taɪz

desensitize

désensibiliser
Meaning
To make someone less sensitive or reactive to something through repeated exposure.
Example
Constant exposure to violence can desensitize people.
Une exposition constante à la violence peut désensibiliser les gens.
C1 adjective /ˈspɛərɪŋ/

sparing

économe / modéré
Meaning
Using or giving only a little of something; economical.
Example
She is sparing in her use of words.
Elle est économe dans l'utilisation des mots.
C1 noun /ɪmˌpɒsəˈbɪlɪti/

impossibility

impossibilité
Meaning
the state or fact of being impossible; something that cannot be done or achieved
Example
Finishing the project in one day was an impossibility.
Finir le projet en un jour était une impossibilité.
C1 noun ˌæmbɪˈɡjuːɪti

ambiguity

ambiguïté, incertitude
Meaning
The quality of being open to more than one interpretation; inexactness.
Example
The ambiguity of the statement caused confusion among the team.
L'ambiguïté de la déclaration a causé de la confusion parmi l'équipe.
C1 verb /əˈfɪks/

affix

fixer / coller
Meaning
to attach or stick something firmly to another thing
Example
Please affix the stamp to the envelope.
Veuillez apposer le timbre sur l'enveloppe.
C1 adjective /trænˈsen.dənt/

transcendent

au-delà de l'expérience humaine normale ou simplement physique
Meaning
Beyond or above the range of normal or merely physical human experience.
Example
His art has a transcendent quality.
Son art a une qualité transcendante.
C1 adjective /səbˈsɪd.i.ər.i/

Subsidiary

filiale; secondaire; relatif à une entreprise filiale
Meaning
less important than the main thing; secondary; of or relating to a subsidiary company
Example
The subsidiary company handles all overseas operations.
L'entreprise filiale gère toutes les opérations à l'étranger.
C1 noun /əˈlɒt.mənt/

allotment

attribution, répartition
Meaning
The distribution or allocation of something, especially resources or portions.
Example
Each department received an allotment of resources.
Chaque département a reçu une attribution de ressources.
C1 noun əˌsɪm.ɪˈleɪ.ʃən

Assimilation

assimilation
Meaning
Connecting new information with existing knowledge
Example
Proper assimilation of knowledge leads to effective learning.
Une bonne assimilation des connaissances conduit à un apprentissage efficace.
C1 verb /skʌlpt/

sculpt

bonheur
Meaning
to create or shape something by carving or molding
Example
The artist sculpted a beautiful statue from marble.
Elle ne pouvait pas cacher sa joie lorsqu'elle a reçu le prix.
C1 noun /ˈprɒdɪdʒi/

prodigy

prodige
Meaning
a person, especially a young one, with exceptional talents or abilities
Example
Mozart was a child prodigy in music.
Mozart était un prodige enfant en musique.
C1 noun /ˈmɒnəʊˌkʌltʃər/

monoculture

monoculture
Meaning
The agricultural practice of growing only one type of crop over a large area and for many consecutive years, which can lead to increased vulnerability to pests and diseases.
Example
Monoculture can lead to soil depletion and increased pest vulnerability.
La monoculture peut entraîner l'épuisement des sols et une vulnérabilité accrue aux ravageurs.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈdjʊər.ə.bəl/

Endurable

supportable
Meaning
able to be endured; bearable; tolerable
Example
The pain was endurable with proper medication.
La douleur était supportable avec un médicament approprié.
C1 noun /weɪ/

Whey

lactosérum
Meaning
the watery part of milk that separates from the curds when making cheese
Example
Whey protein is popular among athletes and bodybuilders.
La protéine de lactosérum est populaire parmi les athlètes et les culturistes.
C1 noun ˌvɛn.əˈreɪ.ʃən

veneration

vénération
Meaning
Great respect; reverence; the action of regarding with great respect or reverence.
Example
Many cultures show veneration for their ancestors.
De nombreuses cultures montrent de la vénération pour leurs ancêtres.
C1 noun /meɪn/

mane

crinière
Meaning
the long hair growing on the neck of a horse, lion, or other animal
Example
The lion shook its thick mane proudly.
Le lion secoua sa crinière épaisse avec fierté.
C1 noun /ˈdɔːrˌkiːpər/

doorkeeper

portier
Meaning
A person whose job is to guard or manage the entrance of a building or room.
Example
The doorkeeper checked everyone’s passes before they entered the hall.
Le doorkeeper a vérifié les passes de tous avant qu'ils n'entrent dans la salle.
C1 noun /ˈsæl.mən fɪʃ / ˈroʊ.huː/

Salmon fish / Rohu

poisson Rohu
Meaning
a freshwater fish popular in South Asian cuisine; also refers to salmon which is a different species
Example
Rohu fish is commonly prepared with spices in Bengali households.
Le poisson Rohu est couramment préparé avec des épices dans les foyers bengalis.
C1 verb /ɪnˈkɜːr/

incur

encourir
Meaning
To bring upon oneself something undesirable, usually as a result of actions.
Example
He incurred a fine for parking in the wrong place.
Il a encouru une amende pour avoir garé sa voiture au mauvais endroit.
C1 verb ˈɔː.kɪ.streɪ.tɪd

orchestrated

orchestré
Meaning
Planned or coordinated carefully and deliberately.
Example
The attacks were orchestrated with precision.
Les attaques ont été orchestrées avec précision.
C1 noun /ˌdʒʊə.rɪsˈdɪk.ʃən/

Jurisdiction

juridiction
Meaning
the official power to make legal decisions and judgments; the extent of this power
Example
This case falls under the jurisdiction of the federal court.
Cette affaire relève de la juridiction du tribunal fédéral.
C1 noun /ˈkliː.vər/

Cleaver

grand couteau
Meaning
a heavy knife with a broad blade used for chopping meat or vegetables
Example
The chef used a cleaver to chop the chicken bones.
Le chef a utilisé un grand couteau pour couper les os de poulet.
C1 noun /ˌræm.ɪ.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/

ramification

conséquence
Meaning
a consequence of an action or event, often complex or unwelcome.
Example
The new law has serious social ramifications.
La nouvelle loi a de graves conséquences sociales.
C1 verb /dɪˈdjuːs/

deduce

déduire
Meaning
to reach a conclusion by reasoning or inference
Example
From the evidence, the detective deduced that the suspect was lying.
À partir des preuves, le détective a déduit que le suspect mentait.
C1 noun /ˈbɑːr.tər ˌsɪs.təm/

barter system

système d'échange
Meaning
A system of exchange where goods and services are traded directly without using money.
Example
Ancient civilizations used the barter system for trade.
Les civilisations anciennes utilisaient le système d'échange pour le commerce.
C1 noun /ˌætəˈʃeɪ/

attache

attaché diplomatique
Meaning
A person officially assigned to the staff of a diplomatic mission, often with a specific area of responsibility.
Example
The cultural attache organized an art exhibition in the embassy.
L'attaché culturel a organisé une exposition d'art à l'ambassade.
C1 verb /ˈbæbəl/

babble

babiller
Meaning
to talk rapidly and continuously in a foolish way
Example
The baby babbles all day long.
Le bébé babille toute la journée.
C1 adjective /ˈməʊltən/

molten

fondu
Meaning
Made into liquid by heat; melted.
Example
The blacksmith poured molten metal into the mold.
Le forgeron a versé du métal fondu dans le moule.
C1 noun ˈledʒ.ɪ.slə.tʃər

legislature

législature
Meaning
The legislative body of a country or state; the branch of government that makes laws.
Example
The legislature drafts laws for governance.
Le législateur rédige des lois pour la gouvernance.
C1 verb /ˈtrɛspəs/

trespass

empiéter
Meaning
to enter someone's land or property without permission
Example
He was fined for trespassing on private land.
Il a été condamné à une amende pour avoir pénétré sur une propriété privée.
C1 noun /ˈkroʊniˌɪzəm/

cronyism

népotisme
Meaning
The practice of favoring friends or associates, especially in political appointments or business deals.
Example
The company was accused of cronyism in hiring practices.
L'entreprise a été accusée de népotisme dans ses pratiques de recrutement.
C1 adjective /ˈmɒsi/

Mossy

recouvert de mousse; avec de la mousse poussant dessus
Meaning
covered with moss; having moss growing on it
Example
The old tree trunk was mossy and covered with green vegetation.
Le tronc de l'arbre vieux était recouvert de mousse et couvert de végétation verte.
C1 adjective /ˈzɛsti/

zesty

épicé
Meaning
Having a strong, pleasant, and somewhat spicy flavor; full of energy and enthusiasm.
Example
The dish had a zesty flavor that everyone loved.
Le plat avait une saveur épicée que tout le monde a adorée.
C1 verb /hjuːˈmɪlieɪt/

humiliate

humilier
Meaning
to make someone feel ashamed or foolish by injuring their dignity
Example
He was humiliated by his public failure.
Il a été humilié par son échec public.
C1 noun/verb /dɪsˈdeɪn/

disdain

mépris
Meaning
The feeling that someone or something is unworthy of respect; to regard with contempt.
Example
She looked at the messy room with open disdain.
Elle regarda la chambre en désordre avec du mépris.
C1 verb /ˈmæɡnɪfaɪ/

magnify

agrandir
Meaning
to make something appear larger; to increase the importance or effect of something
Example
The microscope can magnify tiny objects for better observation.
Le microscope peut agrandir les petits objets pour une meilleure observation.
C1 verb /koʊˈhæbɪt/

cohabit

cohabiter
Meaning
To live together, often as partners without being married.
Example
They decided to cohabit before getting married.
Ils ont décidé de cohabiter avant de se marier.
C1 noun /plæsˈtɪsəti/

plasticity

plasticité, capacité d'adaptation
Meaning
the quality of being easily shaped or molded; adaptability
Example
The brain's plasticity allows it to adapt after injury.
La plasticité du cerveau lui permet de s'adapter après une blessure.
C1 noun /ˈdeɪ.li.ə/

Dahlia

dahlia
Meaning
a garden plant with brightly colored flowers that bloom in summer and autumn
Example
She planted colorful dahlias in her garden last summer.
Elle a planté des dahlias colorés dans son jardin l'été dernier.
C1 verb θwɔːt

thwart

contrecarrer
Meaning
Prevent (someone) from accomplishing something; oppose successfully.
Example
His efforts to thwart the proposal were unsuccessful.
Ses efforts pour contrecarrer la proposition ont échoué.
C1 noun ˌsɪstəˈmætɪk ˈseɪvɪŋz

systematic savings

économies systématiques
Meaning
A structured and organized approach to regularly saving money according to a planned schedule
Example
Systematic savings can mitigate financial crises in old age.
Les économies systématiques peuvent atténuer les crises financières à un âge avancé.
C1 adjective /ˈsiː.naɪl/

senile

faiblesse liée à la vieillesse
Meaning
Showing the weaknesses of old age, especially mental decline.
Example
The old man became senile and forgot familiar faces.
Le vieil homme est devenu sénile et a oublié des visages familiers.
C1 noun /ˈmɪlɪtəˌrɪzəm/

militarism

militarisme
Meaning
The belief in maintaining a strong military and using it aggressively to defend or promote national interests.
Example
The rise of militarism in the region caused tension among neighboring countries.
L'essor du militarisme dans la région a provoqué des tensions entre les pays voisins.
C1 verb /ɪmˈpɜːrsəneɪt/

impersonate

imiter
Meaning
to pretend to be another person in order to entertain or deceive
Example
He was arrested for trying to impersonate a police officer.
Il a été arrêté pour avoir tenté d'usurper l'identité d'un policier.
C1 noun /ˈʃæsi/

chassis

châssis du véhicule
Meaning
the base frame of a vehicle or other wheeled machine
Example
The mechanic examined the car's chassis for damage.
Le mécanicien a examiné le châssis de la voiture pour détecter des dommages.
C1 noun /ˈkɒmən kɑːp/

Common Carp

carpe commune
Meaning
A large freshwater fish widely cultivated for food
Example
Common carp is an important fish in aquaculture.
La carpe commune est un poisson important en aquaculture.
C1 noun /ˌkɒndʒʊˈɡeɪʃən/

conjugation

conjugaison
Meaning
the variation of the form of a verb to indicate tense, person, and number
Example
French verbs have complex conjugations.
Les verbes français ont des conjugaisons complexes.
C1 adjective /bɪˈleɪtɪd/

belated

tardif
Meaning
coming or happening later than expected or usual
Example
She sent me a belated birthday card.
Elle m'a envoyé une carte d'anniversaire tardive.
C1 verb ɪkˈstræp.ə.leɪt

Extrapolate

extrapoler
Meaning
Making future estimates based on existing information
Example
Scientists extrapolate climate changes based on past data.
Les scientifiques extrapolent les changements climatiques en se basant sur les données passées.
C1 adjective /ˈfrɛn.zid/

frenzied

frenétique
Meaning
Wildly excited or uncontrolled
Example
The frenzied crowd cheered as the band took the stage.
La foule frénétique a acclamé lorsque le groupe monta sur scène.
C1 verb /pɛk/

Peck

picorer
Meaning
To strike or bite something with a beak; to eat in small bites.
Example
The hen began to peck at the grains scattered on the ground.
La poule a commencé à picorer les grains éparpillés sur le sol.
C1 verb /wɛt/

whet

aiguiser/éveiller
Meaning
To sharpen the blade of a tool or to stimulate interest or appetite.
Example
The smell of food whetted my appetite.
L'odeur de la nourriture a réveillé mon appétit.
C1 adjective /ˈtrɛtʃərəs/

treacherous

traître
Meaning
Dangerously unstable or deceptive; likely to betray trust.
Example
The treacherous road made driving difficult.
La route traître a rendu la conduite difficile.
C1 noun /ˌres.ɪˈteɪ.ʃən/

Recitation

récitation
Meaning
the action of reciting or repeating aloud from memory
Example
The poetry recitation contest was held in the auditorium.
Le concours de récitation de poésie a eu lieu dans l'auditorium.
C1 noun æmˈbɪvələns

ambivalence

ambivalence
Meaning
Having mixed feelings or contradictory ideas about something; uncertainty or confusion.
Example
She felt ambivalence about taking the job offer.
Elle ressentait de l'ambivalence en acceptant l'offre d'emploi.
C1 verb /aʊtˈwɪt/

outwit

déjouer
Meaning
to defeat or gain an advantage over someone by being more clever or cunning
Example
The fox managed to outwit the hunters.
Le renard a réussi à duper les chasseurs.