clemency
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C1 noun /ˈklɛmənsi/

clemency

clémence
Meaning
mercy, leniency, or forgiveness shown towards someone
Example
The judge showed clemency and reduced his sentence.
Le juge a montré de la clémence et a réduit sa peine.
C1 adjective /ˌsækrɪˈfɪʃəl/

sacrificial

sacrificiel
Meaning
Relating to or involving sacrifice.
Example
The lamb was used as a sacrificial offering in the ritual.
L'agneau a été utilisé comme offrande sacrificielle dans le rituel.
C1 adjective /vɜːrˈboʊs/

verbose

verbeux
Meaning
Using or expressed in more words than are needed; wordy.
Example
His verbose explanation confused the audience instead of clarifying the issue.
Son explication verbeuse a confondu le public au lieu d'éclaircir la question.
C1 noun /ˈrəʊ.bɒt əˈsɪs.tɪd prəˈsiː.dʒərz/

robot-assisted procedures

procédures assistées par robot
Meaning
Medical operations performed with the help of robotic systems to enhance precision and control.
Example
Robot-assisted procedures reduce human error.
Les procédures assistées par robot réduisent les erreurs humaines.
C1 noun /ˌzɛnəˈfoʊbiə/

xenophobia

xénophobie
Meaning
fear or hatred of foreigners, people from different cultures, or strangers
Example
Xenophobia can lead to discrimination and social division.
La xénophobie peut mener à la discrimination et à la division sociale.
C1 verb /ˈdʒenərəlaɪz/

generalize

généraliser
Meaning
To make a broad statement by inferring from specific cases.
Example
It is wrong to generalize based on a few experiences.
Il est erroné de généraliser sur la base de quelques expériences.
C1 adjective /ˈɪmpətənt/

impotent

impotent
Meaning
Lacking power, ability, or strength to take effective action.
Example
The citizens felt impotent against the corrupt system.
Les citoyens se sont sentis impuissants face au système corrompu.
C1 noun ˈfɜːr.vɚ

fervor

passion ou enthousiasme
Meaning
Strong passion or enthusiasm for something.
Example
He spoke with great fervor about his vision for the company.
Il a parlé avec beaucoup de ferveur de sa vision pour l'entreprise.
C1 noun /ˈsæl.mən fɪʃ / ˈroʊ.huː/

Salmon fish / Rohu

poisson Rohu
Meaning
a freshwater fish popular in South Asian cuisine; also refers to salmon which is a different species
Example
Rohu fish is commonly prepared with spices in Bengali households.
Le poisson Rohu est couramment préparé avec des épices dans les foyers bengalis.
C1 verb /flaʊt/

flout

mépriser
Meaning
To openly disregard or show contempt for a rule or law.
Example
The company was fined for flouting environmental regulations.
L'entreprise a été condamnée à une amende pour avoir enfreint les réglementations environnementales.
C1 adjective /dɪˈmɪnjətɪv/

diminutive

minuscule
Meaning
extremely or unusually small
Example
Despite his diminutive size, he was a powerful leader.
Malgré sa taille minuscule, il était un leader puissant.
C1 adjective /trænsˈfɜːrəbəl/

Transferable

transférable
Meaning
able to be moved from one place to another; able to be given to someone else
Example
The skills you learn here are transferable to other jobs.
Les compétences que vous apprenez ici sont transférables à d'autres emplois.
C1 noun /ˈwiː.vər/

Weaver

tisserand
Meaning
a person who makes cloth by interlacing threads on a loom
Example
The skilled weaver created intricate patterns on the silk fabric.
Le tisserand habile a créé des motifs complexes sur le tissu en soie.
C1 adjective /ˈeɪmləs/

Aimless

sans but; sans objectif
Meaning
without purpose or direction; lacking a goal
Example
He wandered around the city in an aimless manner.
Il se promenait dans la ville de manière sans but.
C1 adjective /ˈwɪntri/

wintry

hivernal
Meaning
Characteristic of or suitable for winter; cold and bleak.
Example
The wintry wind made everyone shiver as they walked outside.
Le vent hivernal a fait frissonner tout le monde lorsqu'ils marchaient dehors.
C1 noun /ˈbjuːɡəl/

Bugle

bugle
Meaning
a brass musical instrument similar to a trumpet but without valves, used especially for military calls
Example
The soldier played the bugle to signal the start of the ceremony.
Le soldat a joué du bugle pour signaler le début de la cérémonie
C1 noun /ˈdek.ə.dəns/

decadence

décadence
Meaning
Moral or cultural decline characterized by excessive indulgence in pleasure or luxury.
Example
The novel describes the decadence of the wealthy elite.
Le roman décrit la décadence de l'élite riche.
C1 noun ˈrɔɪəl ˈbɛŋɡəl ˈtaɪɡər

Royal Bengal Tiger

Tigre Royal du Bengale
Meaning
A subspecies of tiger found primarily in India and Bangladesh, known for its distinctive orange coat with black stripes.
Example
The Royal Bengal Tiger is an iconic species of the Sundarbans.
Le Tigre Royal du Bengale est une espèce emblématique des Sundarbans.
C1 noun /ˈhiːdənɪst/

hedonist

hédoniste
Meaning
A person who believes that the pursuit of pleasure is the most important thing in life.
Example
She was called a hedonist because she always prioritized enjoyment over duty.
Elle a été qualifiée d'hédoniste car elle privilégiait toujours le plaisir au devoir.
C1 noun /ˌæɡ.rəˈveɪ.ʃən/

aggravation

aggravation, détérioration
Meaning
The act of making a situation worse or the state of being worsened.
Example
The delay caused great aggravation for the passengers.
Le retard a causé une grande aggravation pour les passagers.
C1 noun /ˈkɒb.lər/

Cobbler

cordonnier
Meaning
a person who repairs shoes and other leather goods
Example
The cobbler fixed my broken shoes perfectly.
Le cordonnier a réparé mes chaussures cassées parfaitement.
C1 noun /ˈnʌt.meg/

Nut meg

muscade
Meaning
a spice made from the seed of the fruit of an evergreen tree, used in cooking and baking
Example
The recipe called for a teaspoon of ground nutmeg to flavor the custard.
La recette demandait une cuillère à café de muscade moulue pour parfumer la crème anglaise.
C1 adjective /ˈrænsɪd/

rancid

rance
Meaning
having a bad taste or smell due to being old or spoiled (especially fats or oils)
Example
The butter had gone rancid after being left out too long.
Le beurre était devenu rance après être resté trop longtemps dehors.
C1 adjective /ˈkoʊpiəs/

copious

copieux
Meaning
abundant in supply or quantity
Example
She took copious notes during the lecture.
Elle a pris des notes copieuses pendant la conférence.
C1 adjective, verb /ɪɡˈzɛmpt/

exempt

exempté
Meaning
Free from an obligation or liability imposed on others.
Example
Students with high grades are exempt from the final exam.
Les étudiants ayant de bonnes notes sont exemptés de l'examen final.
C1 noun /ˈdɒktrɪn/

doctrine

doctrine
Meaning
A set of beliefs or principles held and taught by a religious, political, or other group.
Example
The church follows a strict doctrine on moral values.
L'église suit une doctrine stricte sur les valeurs morales.
C1 adjective /əˈbaɪdɪŋ/

abiding

perpétuel
Meaning
lasting for a long time; enduring
Example
She had an abiding love for her hometown.
Elle avait un amour perpétuel pour sa ville natale.
C1 adverb /ˈhɑr.tɪ.li/

Heartily

chaleureusement; de tout cœur
Meaning
in a sincere and enthusiastic manner; wholeheartedly
Example
She heartily welcomed her guests to the party.
Elle a chaleureusement accueilli ses invités à la fête.
C1 noun /ˈæltoʊ/

alto

alto (voix chantée adulte)
Meaning
the second highest adult singing voice, between soprano and tenor
Example
She sang the alto part in the choir beautifully.
Elle chantait la partie alto dans la chorale magnifiquement.
C1 adjective /suːˈpɜːrlətɪv/

superlative

superlatif
Meaning
Of the highest quality or degree; expressing the extreme form of an adjective or adverb.
Example
Her performance was superlative, earning her a standing ovation.
Sa performance était superlative, lui valant une ovation debout.
C1 adjective /ˈstɛlər/

stellar

exceptionnel
Meaning
Relating to stars; outstanding or excellent.
Example
She gave a stellar performance in the play.
Elle a donné une performance exceptionnelle dans la pièce.
C1 noun ˌsætʃəˈreɪʃən

saturation

saturation
Meaning
The state of being saturated; the degree or extent to which something is dissolved or absorbed
Example
The saturation of the market with similar products reduced sales.
La saturation du marché avec des produits similaires a réduit les ventes.
C1 adjective /dɪˈstrɔːt/

distraught

déstabilisé
Meaning
extremely upset and anxious, often to the point of being unable to think clearly
Example
She was distraught after losing her pet.
Elle était déstabilisée après avoir perdu son animal de compagnie.
C1 noun /ˈblæs.fə.mi/

blasphemy

blasphème
Meaning
the act of speaking disrespectfully about God or sacred things
Example
In some countries, blasphemy is a punishable offense.
Dans certains pays, le blasphème est un délit passible de punition.
C1 adjective /pəˈtɜːrnəl/

paternal

paternel
Meaning
Relating to or characteristic of a father.
Example
He took a paternal interest in the boy’s education.
Il a pris un intérêt paternel dans l'éducation du garçon.
C1 noun /ˈwʊd.ən ˈsæn.dəl/

Wooden sandal

sandale en bois
Meaning
a type of footwear made of wood, typically worn as traditional shoes
Example
She wore wooden sandals to the traditional ceremony.
Elle portait des sandales en bois lors de la cérémonie traditionnelle.
C1 noun /ˈɡoʊld.smɪθ/

Goldsmith

orfèvre
Meaning
a person who makes or repairs articles of gold
Example
The goldsmith crafted a beautiful wedding ring.
Le bijoutier a fabriqué une belle bague de mariage.
C1 noun /joʊk/

Yoke

joug
Meaning
a wooden crosspiece that is fastened over the necks of two animals and attached to a plow or cart; a burden or oppressive situation
Example
The oxen were joined by a wooden yoke.
Les bœufs étaient reliés par un joug en bois.
C1 verb, noun /mjuːz/

muse

méditer / source d'inspiration
Meaning
to think deeply about something; a source of inspiration, especially for an artist or writer
Example
She sat by the window to muse about her future.
Elle s'est assise près de la fenêtre pour réfléchir à son avenir.
C1 noun ˌhaɪ.droʊˈpɒn.ɪks

hydroponics

hydroponie
Meaning
Growing plants using nutrient-rich water instead of soil.
Example
Hydroponics allows crops to grow without soil.
L'hydroponie permet aux cultures de pousser sans sol.
C1 noun /ˈtoʊtəm/

totem

symbole sacré
Meaning
A natural object, animal, or symbol that is revered as a spiritual emblem by a group or tribe.
Example
The eagle is considered a sacred totem in many cultures.
L'aigle est considéré comme un totem sacré dans de nombreuses cultures.
C1 noun dɪˈtætʃ.mənt

detachment

détachement
Meaning
The state of being objective or aloof; not being emotionally involved.
Example
Buddhist philosophy encourages detachment from material desires.
La philosophie bouddhiste encourage le détachement des désirs matériels.
C1 adjective /ˌjuːnɪˈsɛljʊlər/

unicellular

unicellulaire
Meaning
Consisting of a single cell.
Example
Amoebas are unicellular organisms.
Les amibes sont des organismes unicellulaires.
C1 noun /ˈkleɪmənt/

claimant

demandeur
Meaning
a person who makes a claim, especially in a legal or financial context
Example
The claimant filed for compensation after the accident.
Le demandeur a déposé une demande de compensation après l'accident.
C1 adjective /ˈlɪvɪd/

livid

furieux
Meaning
Extremely angry; furious.
Example
She was livid when she found out about the betrayal.
Elle était furieuse lorsqu'elle a découvert la trahison.
C1 noun /fiːnd/

fiend

démon, personne malfaisante
Meaning
an evil spirit or demon; a wicked or cruel person; someone obsessed with a particular thing
Example
He is a real fiend when it comes to solving puzzles.
Il est un vrai démon lorsqu'il s'agit de résoudre des énigmes.
C1 verb /ˈɒp.tɪ.maɪz/

optimize

optimiser
Meaning
To make the best or most effective use of a situation, opportunity, or resource.
Example
The company is working to optimize its supply chain.
L'entreprise travaille à optimiser sa chaîne d'approvisionnement.
C1 adjective /əˈsɛndənt/

ascendant

ascendant, dominant
Meaning
Rising in power or influence; dominant.
Example
She is an ascendant leader in the political party.
Elle est une leader ascendante dans le parti politique.
C1 adjective ˌɪn.tə.dʒen.əˈreɪ.ʃən.əl

intergenerational

intergénérationnel, entre différentes générations d'une famille
Meaning
Existing or occurring between different generations of a family.
Example
Intergenerational wisdom ensures cultural continuity.
La sagesse intergénérationnelle garantit la continuité culturelle.
C1 noun /nɪl/

Nil

zéro; rien
Meaning
nothing; zero; no amount
Example
His chances of winning were nil after the scandal.
Ses chances de gagner étaient nulles après le scandale.
C1 verb /kənˈdəʊn/

condone

condonner
Meaning
To accept or allow behavior that is morally wrong or offensive.
Example
The manager refused to condone harassment in the workplace.
Le responsable a refusé de condoner le harcèlement sur le lieu de travail.
C1 noun /dɪˈmiːnər/

demeanor

comportement
Meaning
a person's outward behavior or appearance
Example
Her calm demeanor impressed everyone at the meeting.
Son comportement calme a impressionné tout le monde lors de la réunion.
C1 adjective lɪŋˈɡwɪs.tɪk

linguistic

linguistique
Meaning
Related to language or linguistics; concerning the scientific study of language.
Example
The AI model learns from linguistic patterns.
Le modèle d'IA apprend des modèles linguistiques.
C1 noun /stɛlθ/

stealth

discrétion, furtivité
Meaning
The act of moving, doing, or achieving something quietly and secretly.
Example
The cat moved with stealth towards its prey.
Le chat s'est déplacé furtivement vers sa proie.
C1 adjective /dɪˈvɪzəbl/

divisible

divisible
Meaning
Capable of being divided by another number without leaving a remainder.
Example
Twelve is divisible by three and four.
Douze est divisible par trois et quatre.
C1 adjective /oʊˈvɜːrt/

overt

ouvert
Meaning
Done or shown openly; not hidden or secret.
Example
There was an overt display of hostility between the rivals.
Il y avait une démonstration ouverte d'hostilité entre les rivaux.
C1 noun /ˌɪrɪˌspɒnsəˈbɪləti/

irresponsibility

irresponsabilité
Meaning
lack of responsibility or accountability; failure to act in a reliable or sensible way
Example
The accident was caused by his irresponsibility at work.
L'accident a été causé par son irresponsabilité au travail.
C1 verb /ˈkælɪˌbreɪt/

calibrate

calibrer
Meaning
To adjust or mark something so it can be used accurately; to standardize.
Example
The technician calibrated the machine before starting the experiment.
Le technicien a calibré la machine avant de commencer l'expérience.
C1 noun ˌprɒf.ɪ.təˈbɪl.ɪ.ti

profitability

rentabilité
Meaning
The degree to which a business or activity yields profit or financial gain.
Example
Increasing sales and reducing costs boosted profitability.
L'augmentation des ventes et la réduction des coûts ont amélioré la rentabilité.
C1 noun /deɪˈbɑː.kəl/

debacle

débâcle
Meaning
A sudden and ignominious failure; a fiasco.
Example
The company's poor management led to a financial debacle.
La mauvaise gestion de l'entreprise a conduit à un débâcle financier.
C1 noun /əˈpærəl/

apparel

vêtements
Meaning
Clothing, especially formal or special clothes.
Example
The store specializes in wedding apparel.
Le magasin se spécialise dans les vêtements de mariage.
C1 noun /ˈkɪləˌwɒt/

kilowatt

kilowatt
Meaning
a unit of power equal to 1,000 watts
Example
The generator produces ten kilowatts of electricity.
Le générateur produit dix kilowatts d'électricité.
C1 verb /ˈʌndərkʌt/

undercut

sous-coter, affaiblir
Meaning
to sell at a lower price than a competitor; to weaken or undermine something
Example
The company tried to undercut its rivals by offering lower prices.
L'entreprise a tenté d'undercut ses rivaux en offrant des prix plus bas.
C1 adjective /ˈplaɪənt/

pliant

souple, facilement influençable ou adaptable
Meaning
flexible; easily influenced or adaptable
Example
She has a pliant personality that adapts well to new situations.
Elle a une personnalité flexible qui s'adapte bien aux nouvelles situations.
C1 noun /ˈtrɛtʃəri/

treachery

trahison
Meaning
Betrayal of trust; deceptive action or nature.
Example
His treachery was revealed when he sided with the enemy.
Sa trahison a été révélée lorsqu'il a pris parti pour l'ennemi.
C1 adjective /ˈɒptɪk/

optic

optique
Meaning
Relating to the eye or vision.
Example
The optic nerve carries signals from the eye to the brain.
Le nerf optique transporte les signaux de l'œil au cerveau.
C1 noun /ˈsɪstərn/

cistern

réservoir
Meaning
A tank or container for storing water, usually for household use.
Example
The old house still had a cistern to collect rainwater.
La vieille maison avait encore un réservoir pour recueillir l'eau de pluie.
C1 noun /hɪˈpɑː.krə.si/

Hypocrisy

hypocrisie; fausseté; mensonge;
Meaning
the practice of claiming to have moral standards that one does not actually possess; insincerity
Example
His hypocrisy was exposed when he criticized others for the same mistakes he had made.
sa hypocrisie a été exposée lorsqu'il a critiqué les autres pour les mêmes erreurs qu'il avait commises.
C1 noun /ɪmˈpɜːrtɪnəns/

impertinence

impertinence
Meaning
lack of respect; rudeness
Example
The teacher was shocked by the student's impertinence.
Le professeur a été choqué par l'impertinence de l'étudiant.
C1 noun /ɪˈlɛk.trəʊ.laɪts/

electrolytes

électrolytes
Meaning
Minerals in body fluids that carry an electric charge and are essential for many bodily functions.
Example
Electrolytes help maintain proper fluid balance in the body.
Les électrolytes aident à maintenir l'équilibre des fluides dans le corps.
C1 noun /səˈlɪn.ə.t̬i/

salinity

salinité, concentration de sel
Meaning
The salt content of soil or water, typically measured as a concentration.
Example
The salinity of the ocean varies depending on depth and location.
La salinité de l'océan varie en fonction de la profondeur et de la localisation.
C1 noun /ˈdɪs.ə.nəns/

dissonance

dissonance
Meaning
Disagreement, lack of harmony, conflict between ideas or beliefs.
Example
The cultural dissonance created misunderstandings.
La dissonance culturelle a créé des malentendus.
C1 noun /kənˈsɜːvəˌtɪzəm/

conservatism

conservatisme
Meaning
A political or social philosophy promoting traditional institutions and resistance to change.
Example
Conservatism values tradition and gradual development.
Le conservatisme valorise la tradition et le développement progressif.
C1 noun /ˈstɛnsəl/

stencil

pochoir
Meaning
A thin sheet of material with a design cut out, used to produce the design on the surface below by applying paint or ink through the cut-out holes.
Example
The artist used a stencil to paint identical stars on the wall.
L'artiste a utilisé un pochoir pour peindre des étoiles identiques sur le mur.
C1 adjective /kɪˈnɛtɪk/

kinetic

cinétique
Meaning
Relating to or resulting from motion.
Example
Kinetic energy increases as the object moves faster.
L'énergie cinétique augmente à mesure que l'objet se déplace plus vite.
C1 adjective /ɡlaɪˈsiː.mɪk/

glycemic

lié au glucose
Meaning
Relating to the presence of glucose in the blood and how foods affect blood sugar levels.
Example
High-glycemic foods cause a rapid increase in blood sugar.
Les aliments à indice glycémique élevé provoquent une augmentation rapide du taux de sucre dans le sang.
C1 noun /ˈmæroʊ/

Marrow

moelle osseuse
Meaning
A soft fatty substance in the cavities of bones; the essence of something
Example
The bone marrow produces blood cells in the human body.
La moelle osseuse produit des cellules sanguines dans le corps humain.
C1 noun, verb /ˈbʌtrəs/

buttress

contrefort, soutien
Meaning
a structure built against a wall for support; to support or strengthen
Example
The cathedral walls were buttressed to prevent collapse.
Les murs de la cathédrale ont été consolidés pour éviter l'effondrement.
C1 adjective /prəˈmɪskjuəs/

promiscuous

promiscueux
Meaning
Having or showing a casual and unselective approach, often used to describe indiscriminate sexual relationships.
Example
The novel depicts a character with a promiscuous lifestyle.
Le roman dépeint un personnage avec un mode de vie promiscu.
C1 adjective /ˈmɔːtəl/

Mortal

mortel; périssable; humain
Meaning
subject to death; having a limited lifespan; human
Example
All human beings are mortal and will eventually die.
Tous les êtres humains sont mortels et mourront éventuellement.
C1 verb, noun /sæp/

sap

sève / épuiser
Meaning
As a noun: the vital fluid in plants; As a verb: to gradually weaken or drain strength.
Example
The long journey began to sap his energy.
Le long voyage a commencé à épuiser son énergie.
C1 noun /krʌst/

crust

croûte
Meaning
the hard outer surface of something, especially bread or the Earth's outer layer
Example
He cut off the crust of the bread before eating.
Il a coupé la croûte du pain avant de manger.
C1 noun /ɪɡˈzuːbərəns/

exuberance

exubérance
Meaning
the quality of being full of energy, excitement, and cheerfulness
Example
Her exuberance made the whole team feel motivated.
Son exubérance a motivé toute l'équipe.
C1 verb əˈblɪt.ə.reɪt

obliterate

anéantir
Meaning
To destroy utterly; wipe out completely, to erase or remove something completely.
Example
The storm obliterated entire villages.
La tempête a anéanti des villages entiers.
C1 noun ˌɒk.sɪˈdeɪ.ʃən

oxidation

oxydation
Meaning
A chemical reaction that involves the combination of a substance with oxygen, often causing deterioration.
Example
Oxidation causes metal surfaces to weaken.
L'oxydation affaiblit les surfaces métalliques.
C1 verb /aʊst/

oust

évincer
Meaning
To remove someone from a position or place of power or authority.
Example
The rebels ousted the dictator from power.
Les rebelles ont évincé le dictateur du pouvoir.
C1 verb /ɪˈlæps/

elapse

s'écouler
Meaning
to pass or go by, usually referring to time
Example
Several hours elapsed before he finally returned home.
Plusieurs heures se sont écoulées avant qu'il ne revienne finalement à la maison.
C1 verb /rɪˈsɪprəˌkeɪt/

reciprocate

répondre
Meaning
To respond to an action or gesture by making a corresponding one.
Example
She smiled at him, and he reciprocated with a warm hug.
Elle a souri, et il a répondu par un câlin chaleureux.
C1 adjective /ɡɔːnt/

gaunt

émacié
Meaning
extremely thin, bony, and haggard in appearance, often due to hunger or illness
Example
After weeks of illness, he looked pale and gaunt.
Après des semaines de maladie, il avait l'air pâle et émacié.
C1 noun /səbˈdʒɛkʃən/

subjection

soumission
Meaning
the act of bringing someone or something under control or domination
Example
The people suffered under the subjection of a cruel ruler.
Le peuple a souffert sous la soumission d'un dirigeant cruel.
C1 adjective ɪˈræt.ɪk

erratic

erratique
Meaning
Unpredictable and inconsistent; not even or regular in pattern or movement.
Example
His erratic behavior confused his colleagues.
Son comportement erratique a confondu ses collègues.
C1 adjective /dɪˈmɒnstrəbl/

demonstrable

démontrable
Meaning
clearly able to be shown or proven
Example
There was demonstrable evidence that he was innocent.
Il y avait des preuves démontrables qu'il était innocent.
C1 adjective /ˈpɪt.i.ləs/

pitiless

impitoyable
Meaning
showing no pity or compassion; cruel
Example
The pitiless ruler ignored the suffering of his people.
Le souverain impitoyable a ignoré la souffrance de son peuple.
C1 noun /ˈlɔː.meɪ.kər/

Lawmaker

législateur
Meaning
a person who writes and passes laws, especially a member of a legislative body
Example
The lawmakers voted on the new education bill.
Les législateurs ont voté sur le nouveau projet de loi sur l'éducation.
C1 phrase ˈiː.kəʊˌsɪs.təm kəˈlæps

ecosystem collapse

effondrement de l'écosystème
Meaning
The complete breakdown of an ecological system, resulting in the inability to maintain its structure and function.
Example
Unchecked deforestation can lead to ecosystem collapse.
La déforestation incontrôlée peut conduire à l'effondrement de l'écosystème.
C1 adjective /kəmˈpʌlsɪv/

compulsive

compulsif
Meaning
Resulting from or acting on an irresistible urge, especially one that is against one's conscious wishes.
Example
He is a compulsive gambler who cannot stop placing bets.
C'est un joueur compulsif qui ne peut pas arrêter de parier.
C1 verb /deɪz/

daze

étourdir
Meaning
to stun or confuse someone temporarily with a shock or surprise
Example
The bright lights dazed the runners as they entered the stadium.
Les lumières vives ont étourdi les coureurs lorsqu'ils sont entrés dans le stade.
C1 adjective /ˌsɛlf əbˈzɔːrbd/

self-absorbed

égocentrique
Meaning
Excessively preoccupied with oneself and one’s own thoughts, feelings, or interests.
Example
He was too self-absorbed to notice his friend's distress.
Il était trop égocentrique pour remarquer la détresse de son ami.
C1 noun /fɪkˈseɪ.ʃən/

fixation

fixation ou intérêt obsessionnel pour quelque chose ou quelqu'un
Meaning
An obsessive interest in or feeling about someone or something.
Example
His fixation on perfectionism delayed project completion.
Sa fixation sur le perfectionnisme a retardé l'achèvement du projet.
C1 adjective /əˈtjuːnd/

attuned

réceptif / harmonieux
Meaning
Being receptive or sensitive to something; well adjusted or in harmony.
Example
She is attuned to the needs of her students.
Elle est réceptive aux besoins de ses élèves.
C1 noun/adjective ˈflɛdʒ.lɪŋ

fledgling

novice, inexpérimenté, nouvellement établi
Meaning
New, inexperienced, newly established.
Example
The fledgling startup needs investment.
La startup novice a besoin d'investissement.
C1 noun /spæt/

spat

dispute mineure
Meaning
a short, petty quarrel or argument
Example
They had a brief spat about who should do the dishes.
Ils ont eu une petite dispute sur qui devait faire la vaisselle.
C1 noun, verb /bʌldʒ/

bulge

gonflement / protubérance
Meaning
A swelling or protruding part; to swell outward or protrude.
Example
The bag began to bulge with too many books inside.
Le sac a commencé à gonfler avec trop de livres à l'intérieur.
C1 adjective /fəˈroʊ.ʃəs/

Ferocious

féroce, sauvage, cruel
Meaning
savagely fierce, cruel, or violent; extremely aggressive
Example
The ferocious storm destroyed many houses in the coastal area.
La tempête féroce a détruit de nombreuses maisons dans la zone côtière.
C1 noun /ˈvendʒəns/

Vengeance

vengeance
Meaning
punishment inflicted or retribution exacted for an injury or wrong; revenge
Example
He swore to seek vengeance against those who wronged him.
Il jura de chercher la vengeance contre ceux qui lui avaient fait du tort.
C1 noun /ˈpriːsɪŋkt/

precinct

arrondissement
Meaning
A district or area within the boundaries of a city, often for police or electoral purposes.
Example
She went to vote at her local precinct.
Elle est allée voter dans son arrondissement local.
C1 noun /wɪm/

whim

caprice
Meaning
a sudden or unpredictable idea, desire, or decision
Example
She bought the dress on a whim.
Elle a acheté la robe sur un caprice.
C1 verb /ˌɪn.trəˈspekt/

introspect

introspecter
Meaning
To examine one's own thoughts, feelings, or mental state.
Example
He often introspects before making important decisions.
Il se livre souvent à de l'introspection avant de prendre des décisions importantes.
C1 noun /ˈfɪɡjərˌhɛd/

figurehead

tête symbolique
Meaning
a nominal leader with no real power; a symbolic head
Example
The king was merely a figurehead with no real authority.
Le roi était simplement un chef symbolique sans pouvoir réel.
C1 noun ˌfɔːtɪfɪˈkeɪʃn

fortification

fortification
Meaning
A defensive wall or other reinforcement built to strengthen a place against attack.
Example
The fortifications protected the city.
Les fortifications ont protégé la ville.
C1 noun /ˈpɜːrdʒəri/

perjury

parjure
Meaning
The offense of willfully telling an untruth in a court after taking an oath.
Example
She was convicted of perjury after giving false evidence.
Elle a été condamnée pour parjure après avoir donné de faux témoignages.
C1 verb /dɪˈteɪn/

detain

détenir
Meaning
to keep someone from proceeding; to hold back, especially by official authority
Example
The police detained the suspect for questioning.
La police a détenu le suspect pour l'interroger.
C1 noun /veɪl/

vale

vallée
Meaning
A valley, often used in a poetic or literary sense.
Example
The village lay hidden in a quiet green vale.
Le village était caché dans une vallée verte et tranquille.
C1 adjective ˌɪdiəsɪnˈkrætɪk

idiosyncratic

particulier et individuel
Meaning
Relating to idiosyncrasy; peculiar or individual.
Example
His idiosyncratic behavior set him apart from his colleagues.
Son comportement idiosyncratique le distinguait de ses collègues.
C1 noun /ˌriː.dɪs.trɪˈbjuː.ʃən/

redistribution

redistribution
Meaning
The sharing of wealth or resources more equally among society.
Example
The government introduced a redistribution policy to reduce inequality.
Le gouvernement a introduit une politique de redistribution pour réduire les inégalités.
C1 verb /fɔːrˈtɛl/

foretell

prédire
Meaning
to predict or announce something before it happens
Example
The old man claimed he could foretell the future.
L'homme âgé a affirmé qu'il pouvait prédire l'avenir.
C1 noun /ˌdɛsɪˈmeɪʃən/

decimation

décimation
Meaning
The act of destroying or killing a large proportion of something.
Example
The decimation of the city left thousands homeless.
La décimation de la ville a laissé des milliers de sans-abri.
C1 noun ˈsɒl.vən.si

solvency

la possession d'actifs supérieurs aux passifs; capacité à rembourser les dettes
Meaning
The possession of assets in excess of liabilities; ability to pay debts.
Example
The company's solvency improved after restructuring.
La solvabilité de l'entreprise s'est améliorée après la restructuration.
C1 noun /blɜːrb/

blurb

description promotionnelle
Meaning
a short promotional description of a book, product, or service
Example
The back cover had a blurb praising the novel.
Le dos de couverture avait une description promotionnelle louant le roman.
C1 noun /draɪ fɪʃ/

Dry fish

poisson séché
Meaning
fish that has been preserved by drying in the sun or by other dehydration methods
Example
Dry fish is a popular preserved food in many coastal regions.
Le poisson séché est un aliment conservé populaire dans de nombreuses régions côtières.
C1 verb /ˌkaʊntərˈækt/

counteract

contrer
Meaning
to act against something in order to reduce its effect
Example
The medicine helps counteract the side effects of the treatment.
Le médicament aide à contrer les effets secondaires du traitement.