clarification
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B2 noun /ˌklærɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/

clarification

clarification
Meaning
The action of making a statement or situation less confused and more clearly comprehensible.
Example
The manager requested clarification on the project details.
Le gestionnaire a demandé des clarifications sur les détails du projet.
B2 adjective /ˌkɒst.ɪˈfɪʃ.ənt/

cost-efficient

rentable
Meaning
Achieving maximum productivity with minimum wasted effort or expense.
Example
Cost-efficient solutions benefit industries.
Les solutions rentables bénéficient aux industries.
B2 noun /læp/

Lap

genoux
Meaning
the flat area between the waist and knees of a seated person; one circuit of a track or course
Example
The cat curled up comfortably in her lap while she read her book.
Le chat s'est pelotonné confortablement dans ses genoux pendant qu'elle lisait son livre.
C1 noun /fjuːd/

feud

querelle, inimitié
Meaning
a prolonged and bitter quarrel or conflict, often between families or groups
Example
The two families have been in a feud for generations.
Les deux familles sont en conflit depuis des générations.
C2 noun /ˈfænˌtæzəm/

phantasm

fantôme
Meaning
an illusion, ghost, or figment of the imagination
Example
The child claimed to see a phantasm in the old house.
L'enfant prétendait avoir vu un fantôme dans la vieille maison.
B2 noun ˈstræt.ɪ.dʒiz

strategies

stratégies
Meaning
A plan of action designed to achieve a long-term or overall aim; the art of planning and directing operations.
Example
Effective strategies can mitigate climate change impacts.
Les stratégies efficaces peuvent atténuer les impacts du changement climatique.
C1 noun /ˈhɜːrniə/

hernia

hernie
Meaning
A medical condition where an organ pushes through the muscle or tissue holding it in place.
Example
The doctor diagnosed him with an inguinal hernia.
Le médecin lui a diagnostiqué une hernie inguinale.
A2 noun /dɪˈzɜːrt/

dessert

dessert
Meaning
the sweet course eaten at the end of a meal
Example
We had ice cream for dessert after dinner.
Nous avons mangé de la glace comme dessert après le dîner.
C2 noun /ˈtʃɜː.nɪŋ stɪk/

Churning stick

bâton de barattage
Meaning
a wooden stick used for stirring and churning butter, milk, or other liquids
Example
Grandmother used a churning stick to make fresh butter.
La grand-mère a utilisé un bâton de barattage pour faire du beurre frais.
C2 adjective /ˌɪnfəˈlɪsɪtəs/

infelicitous

inopportun
Meaning
not suitable or well chosen; awkward or unfortunate
Example
His infelicitous remark ruined the atmosphere of the meeting.
Sa remarque inopportune a gâché l'ambiance de la réunion.
C1 noun/verb /ˈhɛrəld/

herald

héraut
Meaning
A person or thing that announces or signals the approach of something; to announce or signal.
Example
The blooming flowers herald the arrival of spring.
Les fleurs en fleur annoncent l'arrivée du printemps.
B2 noun /ˈkɒmɜːs/

commerce

commerce
Meaning
the activity of buying and selling goods and services
Example
International commerce has expanded significantly in recent years.
Le commerce international a considérablement augmenté ces dernières années.
C1 verb /ˈkriːmeɪt/

cremate

incinérer
Meaning
to burn a dead body to ashes as a funeral rite
Example
According to his wishes, they cremated his body after the funeral.
Selon ses volontés, ils ont incinéré son corps après les funérailles.
C1 noun/adjective ˈflɛdʒ.lɪŋ

fledgling

novice, inexpérimenté, nouvellement établi
Meaning
New, inexperienced, newly established.
Example
The fledgling startup needs investment.
La startup novice a besoin d'investissement.
A1 noun /dʒʌmp/

Jump

saut
Meaning
an act of jumping; a sudden movement upwards or forwards
Example
The athlete made a perfect jump over the high bar.
L'athlète a effectué un saut parfait au-dessus de la barre haute.
B1 noun /θroʊt/

Throat

gorge; trachée; partie du cou
Meaning
the passage that leads from the back of the mouth to the stomach and lungs; the front part of the neck
Example
He had a sore throat and couldn't speak clearly.
Il avait mal à la gorge et ne pouvait pas parler clairement.
C1 noun /ˈæl.kə.laɪ/

alkali

alcalin
Meaning
a soluble base substance, typically with a pH greater than 7, that neutralizes acids
Example
Soap contains alkali which helps remove grease.
Le savon contient de l'alcalin qui aide à éliminer la graisse.
C1 noun /ˈræʃən/

ration

ration
Meaning
a fixed amount of something, especially food, officially allowed to each person
Example
During the war, each family received a weekly ration of rice.
Pendant la guerre, chaque famille recevait une ration hebdomadaire de riz.
B2 noun /ˈɪnvənˌtɔːri/

inventory

inventaire
Meaning
A complete list of items, such as goods in stock or property.
Example
The shopkeeper checked the inventory before opening the store.
Le commerçant a vérifié l'inventaire avant d'ouvrir le magasin.
C1 noun /əˈrɪəz/

arrears

arriérés
Meaning
Money that is owed and should have been paid earlier.
Example
She was months in arrears with her electricity bill.
Elle était en retard de plusieurs mois pour sa facture d'électricité.
C1 noun/verb /tɔːrˈpiːdoʊ/

torpedo

torpille
Meaning
A self-propelled underwater missile; to attack or destroy something suddenly and forcefully.
Example
The submarine launched a torpedo at the enemy ship.
Le sous-marin a lancé un torpille contre le navire ennemi.
C2 verb /ˈɪndjʊˌreɪt/

indurate

endurcir
Meaning
To harden or make something physically or emotionally tough.
Example
Years of hardship indurated his spirit.
Des années de difficultés ont induré son esprit.
C2 noun /ˈɡælvəˌnɪzəm/

galvanism

galvanisme
Meaning
Electricity produced by chemical action, especially in a battery; the therapeutic use of electricity in medicine.
Example
Galvanism played a key role in early experiments with electricity.
Le galvanisme a joué un rôle clé dans les premières expériences avec l'électricité.
C1 noun /ˈpɛrəntɪdʒ/

parentage

ascendance
Meaning
The identity and origins of one's parents; descent or lineage.
Example
Her noble parentage gave her access to the royal court.
Sa noble ascendance lui a donné accès à la cour royale.
C2 noun /traɪˈʌmvɪrət/

triumvirate

triumvirat
Meaning
A political regime ruled or dominated by three powerful individuals.
Example
The Roman Republic was once governed by a triumvirate.
La République romaine était autrefois gouvernée par un triumvirat.
C2 noun /ænˈtɪpədiːz/

antipodes

antipodes
Meaning
places on opposite sides of the Earth; also refers to things that are direct opposites
Example
Australia and Britain are often considered antipodes of each other.
L'Australie et la Grande-Bretagne sont souvent considérées comme des antipodes l'une de l'autre.
C2 noun ˌæm.ɔː.tɪˈzeɪ.ʃən

amortization

amortissement
Meaning
The process of paying off debt with regular payments over time.
Example
The amortization schedule showed a 10-year repayment plan.
Le calendrier d'amortissement a montré un plan de remboursement sur 10 ans.
C2 noun /ˌpærəˈnɔɪæk/

paranoiac

personne paranoïaque
Meaning
A person who suffers from paranoia or exhibits extreme, irrational distrust and suspicion.
Example
The paranoiac refused to leave his house, fearing everyone was against him.
La personne paranoïaque a refusé de quitter sa maison, craignant que tout le monde soit contre lui.
C2 adjective /ˈməʊdɪʃ/

modish

à la mode
Meaning
conforming to or following current fashion or style
Example
She wore a modish outfit that caught everyone’s attention.
Elle portait une tenue modish qui attirait l'attention de tout le monde.
B2 noun /dɪˈrɛktəri/

directory

répertoire
Meaning
a book or online resource listing people, businesses, or services with relevant details
Example
I need to find a plumber in the phone directory.
J'ai besoin de trouver un plombier dans l'annuaire téléphonique.
B2 verb dɪˈtɪrɪəˌreɪts

deteriorates

détériore
Meaning
To become progressively worse; to decline in quality, condition, or strength.
Example
The quality of air deteriorates due to pollution.
La qualité de l'air se détériore en raison de la pollution.
A2 adverb /ˈmoʊstli/

Mostly

principalement; en majorité; habituellement
Meaning
mainly; for the most part; usually
Example
The students are mostly from local schools.
Les étudiants viennent principalement des écoles locales.
C2 adjective /ˈliːwərd/

leeward

côté abrité du vent
Meaning
On or toward the sheltered side away from the wind.
Example
They built their camp on the leeward side of the hill.
Ils ont installé leur camp du côté abrité du vent de la colline.
B2 adjective /ɪˈrɛləvənt/

Irrelevant

irrélévant
Meaning
not connected with or relevant to something; having no bearing on the matter
Example
Your past mistakes are irrelevant to this discussion.
Vos erreurs passées sont irrélévantes pour cette discussion.
B2 verb /kənˈfes/

confess

avouer
Meaning
to admit guilt or wrongdoing; to acknowledge
Example
He confessed his mistake to his teacher.
Il a avoué son erreur à son professeur.
C1 adjective /ˈɪnsələnt/

insolent

insolent, arrogant
Meaning
showing a rude and arrogant lack of respect
Example
The insolent student refused to follow the teacher's instructions.
L'étudiant insolent a refusé de suivre les instructions du professeur.
C1 verb /ʃʌn/

Shun

éviter
Meaning
to deliberately avoid or stay away from someone or something
Example
He shuns public attention and prefers privacy.
Il évite l'attention publique et préfère la confidentialité.
C2 verb /həˈbɪtʃuˌeɪt/

habituate

habituer
Meaning
to make someone accustomed to something
Example
The monks habituated themselves to meditation.
Les moines se sont habitués à la méditation.
C2 adjective /ˈbɒni/

Bonny

joli; charmant; joyeux
Meaning
cheerful; pretty; attractive
Example
The bonny child played happily in the garden.
L'enfant joli a joué joyeusement dans le jardin.
C2 noun /ˈlɪbərəlɪst/

liberalist

libéraliste
Meaning
a person who supports liberal ideas and principles
Example
He is a well-known liberalist advocating human rights.
Il est un libéraliste bien connu qui défend les droits de l'homme.
C1 verb /ˈɪmprəvaɪz/

improvise

improviser
Meaning
To create or perform something spontaneously without preparation.
Example
The actor had to improvise his lines when he forgot the script.
L'acteur a dû improviser ses répliques lorsqu'il a oublié le script.
C1 noun /ˈbjuːɡəl/

Bugle

bugle
Meaning
a brass musical instrument similar to a trumpet but without valves, used especially for military calls
Example
The soldier played the bugle to signal the start of the ceremony.
Le soldat a joué du bugle pour signaler le début de la cérémonie
C2 verb /bɪˈweɪl/

bewail

déplorer
Meaning
to express deep sorrow or regret over something; to mourn openly
Example
She bewailed the loss of her childhood home.
Elle a déploré la perte de sa maison d’enfance.
B1 noun /əˌkɒm.əˈdeɪ.ʃənz/

accommodations

logement
Meaning
Lodging; room and board; places to stay.
Example
The students had proper accommodations.
Les étudiants avaient un logement adéquat.
B2 noun /ræk/

Rack

porte-manteau
Meaning
a framework or structure for holding or storing things
Example
She hung her coat on the rack by the door.
Elle a accroché son manteau sur le porte-manteau près de la porte.
B2 adjective /brɪsk/

Brisk

rapide; énergique; vif
Meaning
quick and energetic; lively; vigorous
Example
She took a brisk walk in the morning to feel energized.
Elle a fait une promenade rapide le matin pour se sentir énergisée.
B2 noun /ˈspesɪmən/

Specimen

échantillon; spécimen; exemple
Meaning
an individual example of something; a sample collected for scientific study or testing
Example
The scientist collected a blood specimen for analysis.
Le scientifique a collecté un échantillon de sang pour analyse.
B2 noun ˈʃeɪdɪd ˈɛəriə

shaded area

zone ombragée
Meaning
An area that is protected from direct sunlight.
Example
We sat in a shaded area by the riverbank.
Nous nous sommes assis dans une zone ombragée près de la rive.
B2 verb /dɪsˈkʌrɪdʒ/

discourage

décourager
Meaning
to make someone less confident or enthusiastic about doing something
Example
Failure should not discourage you from trying again.
L'échec ne doit pas vous décourager de recommencer.
B2 verb /əˈkjuːmjəleɪt/

accumulate

accumuler
Meaning
to gather or collect things gradually over time
Example
She managed to accumulate a small fortune through wise investments.
Elle a réussi à accumuler une petite fortune grâce à des investissements judicieux.
C1 adjective /ˈbɑːmi/

balmy

doux et agréablement chaud; apaisant.
Meaning
Mild and pleasantly warm; soothing.
Example
We enjoyed a walk on a balmy summer evening.
Nous avons apprécié une promenade lors d'une douce soirée d'été.
C1 noun ˌriːˈstrʌk.tʃər.ɪŋ

restructuring

réorganisation
Meaning
The action of organizing something differently.
Example
The company underwent restructuring to improve efficiency.
L'entreprise a subi une réorganisation pour améliorer son efficacité.
C2 noun /dɪˈstɪlər/

distiller

distillateur
Meaning
A person or company that makes alcoholic drinks or purified liquids by distillation.
Example
The distiller introduced a new brand of whiskey last year.
Le distillateur a lancé une nouvelle marque de whisky l'année dernière.
B2 noun, verb /ˈpɛdəl/

pedal

levier actionné par le pied
Meaning
A foot-operated lever for powering or controlling a mechanism, especially on a bicycle.
Example
He pressed down hard on the bicycle pedal.
Il appuya fort sur la pédale du vélo.
C2 verb /ˌɡeɪnˈseɪ/

gainsay

contredire
Meaning
To deny, contradict, or speak against.
Example
No one could gainsay the evidence presented in court.
Personne ne pouvait contredire les preuves présentées au tribunal.
C1 noun /ˈwɛlˌduːər/

well-doer

bienfaiteur
Meaning
A person who does good deeds; a benefactor.
Example
The community praised the well-doer for his charity.
La communauté a félicité le bienfaiteur pour sa charité.
C2 noun ˈɛn.ɡræm

Engram

Signaux physiques dans le cerveau pour le stockage et la récupération de la mémoire
Meaning
Physical signs or patterns in the brain for memory storage and retrieval
Example
Scientists study engrams to understand how memories are stored.
Les scientifiques étudient les engrammes pour comprendre comment les souvenirs sont stockés.
A1 noun /ˈhɒs.pɪ.təl/

hospital

hôpital
Meaning
an institution where sick or injured people are given medical treatment
Example
He was taken to the hospital after the accident.
Il a été emmené à l'hôpital après l'accident.
C1 noun /mɪˈlɪʃə/

militia

milice
Meaning
a group of ordinary people who are trained to act as soldiers in emergencies
Example
The village formed a militia to defend against attacks.
Le village a formé une milice pour se défendre contre les attaques.
C1 noun ɪnˈflɛk.ʃən

inflection

inflexion
Meaning
The change in pitch or tone of voice when speaking for emphasis.
Example
His inflection kept the audience engaged.
Son inflexion a captivé le public.
C2 noun /ˈfaɪləm/

phylum

une catégorie principale dans la classification biologique, au-dessus de la classe et en dessous du règne
Meaning
a primary category in the biological classification of organisms, above class and below kingdom
Example
Humans belong to the phylum Chordata.
Les humains appartiennent au phylum Chordata.
C2 noun /bɛk/

beck

geste de signe / petit ruisseau
Meaning
a gesture of beckoning; a small stream or brook (chiefly Northern English)
Example
The servant came at his master's beck and call.
Le serviteur est venu à l'appel de son maître.
C1 verb /ˈɡɑːbəl/

gobble

engloutir
Meaning
to eat something quickly and greedily
Example
The children gobbled their food in minutes.
Les enfants engloutirent leur nourriture en quelques minutes.
C2 adjective /ˈæb.ə.rənt/

aberrant

aberrant
Meaning
deviating from what is normal or expected; abnormal
Example
His aberrant behavior shocked everyone at the meeting.
Son comportement aberrant a choqué tout le monde à la réunion.
C2 adjective /ˌɪnɪkˈsprɛsəbl/

inexpressible

inexprimable
Meaning
Too strong or extreme to be expressed in words.
Example
She felt inexpressible joy at the news of her success.
Elle ressentit une joie inexprimable en apprenant son succès.
C1 verb /klæsp/

clasp

attraper / fermoir
Meaning
to grasp or hold tightly; also a device for fastening
Example
She clasped her hands together in prayer.
Elle a entrelacé ses mains ensemble en prière.
C1 verb ˈsɪŋ.krə.naɪz

synchronize

synchroniser
Meaning
To coordinate in time; to cause to occur or operate at the same time or rate.
Example
The dancers need to synchronize their movements.
Les danseurs doivent synchroniser leurs mouvements.
B2 noun /səkˈses.ər/

Successor

successeur
Meaning
a person who succeeds another in office; someone who takes over a position or role
Example
The CEO announced his retirement and named his successor for the company.
Le PDG a annoncé sa retraite et a nommé son successeur pour l'entreprise.
C2 noun /kəˈdʒoʊləri/

cajolery

flatterie
Meaning
Flattering or coaxing talk intended to persuade someone.
Example
Through cajolery, he convinced his boss to grant him a raise.
Grâce à la flatterie, il convainquit son patron de lui accorder une augmentation.
B2 adjective ʌnˈprɛsɪˌdɛntɪd

unprecedented

sans précédent
Meaning
Never done or known before; without previous example.
Example
Unprecedented advancements in science changed human lives.
Les avancées sans précédent en science ont changé la vie humaine.
C2 adjective /ˈɪmənənt/

immanent

immanent
Meaning
existing or operating within; inherent
Example
He believed that moral values are immanent in human nature.
Il croyait que les valeurs morales sont immanentes dans la nature humaine.
B2 noun /ˈmʌð.ər.lænd/

Motherland

mère patrie; pays d'origine
Meaning
the country where one was born or has citizenship; homeland
Example
He always spoke fondly of his motherland.
Il parlait toujours avec affection de sa patrie.
C1 /ˈɡrævəl/

gravel

gravier
Meaning
Small stones and pebbles, often mixed with sand, used for paths, roads, and construction.
Example
The driveway was covered with gravel.
L'allée était recouverte de gravier.
B2 verb /ɡruːm/

groom

toiletter
Meaning
to clean, brush, and care for the appearance of someone or something
Example
She spends hours grooming her dog every week.
Elle passe des heures à toiletter son chien chaque semaine.
A2 noun /mæp/

map

carte
Meaning
a drawing that shows the features of an area of land or sea
Example
He studied the map before starting his journey.
Il a étudié la carte avant de commencer son voyage.
A2 noun /ˈpleɪər/

player

joueur
Meaning
a person who participates in a game or sport
Example
The player scored the winning goal.
Le joueur a marqué le but gagnant.
C2 noun /ˈdjʊərəns/

durance

prison
Meaning
imprisonment or confinement
Example
The prisoner spent years in durance before his release.
Le prisonnier a passé des années en prison avant sa libération.
C2 verb /ˈdʌmfaʊnd/

dumbfound

sidérer
Meaning
to greatly astonish or shock someone so they are temporarily speechless
Example
The magician's trick dumbfounded the audience.
Le tour de magie a sidéré le public.
C1 verb /nəˈsɛsɪteɪt/

necessitate

rendre nécessaire
Meaning
To make something necessary or unavoidable.
Example
The heavy rains necessitated the cancellation of the event.
Les fortes pluies ont rendu l'annulation de l'événement inévitable.
C2 adjective /ˈsmɑːrmi/

smarmy

flatteur / fausse politesse
Meaning
Excessively flattering or ingratiating, often insincerely.
Example
The salesman gave a smarmy pitch that felt fake.
Le vendeur a donné un discours flatteur qui semblait faux.
C1 noun ˌfiː.zəˈbɪl.ə.ti

feasibility

faisabilité
Meaning
The state or degree of being easily or conveniently done; possibility.
Example
The company conducted a feasibility study before launching the project.
L'entreprise a mené une étude de faisabilité avant de lancer le projet.
C1 noun /ˌɡræt.ɪ.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/

gratification

satisfaction
Meaning
Pleasure, especially when gained from the satisfaction of a desire.
Example
The instant gratification of social media affects patience.
La gratification instantanée des médias sociaux affecte la patience.
C1 verb /wɪðˈhoʊld/

withhold

retenir
Meaning
to refuse to give or keep back something
Example
The company decided to withhold his bonus.
L'entreprise a décidé de retenir son bonus.
B2 adjective /ʌnˈθɪŋkəbl/

Unthinkable

impensable
Meaning
impossible to conceive or imagine; beyond belief or consideration
Example
It was unthinkable that such a tragedy could happen in our peaceful town.
Il était impensable qu'une telle tragédie puisse se produire dans notre ville paisible.
C1 adjective /ɪˈrɛvərənt/

irreverent

irrévérencieux
Meaning
showing a lack of respect for people or things that are usually respected
Example
The comedian’s irreverent jokes offended some of the audience.
Les blagues irrévérencieuses du comédien ont offensé certains membres du public.
B2 adjective /ˈstaɪ.lɪʃ/

Stylish

élégant et attrayant; ayant de l'élégance ou du goût dans l'apparence
Meaning
fashionable and attractive; having elegance or taste in appearance
Example
She wore a stylish dress to the party.
Elle portait une robe élégante à la fête.
B2 noun /ˈhaɪdrədʒən/

hydrogen

hydrogène
Meaning
a colorless, odorless, highly flammable gas that is the lightest and most abundant chemical element in the universe
Example
Hydrogen is used as a clean fuel in many energy systems.
L'hydrogène est utilisé comme un carburant propre dans de nombreux systèmes énergétiques.
C1 noun kəˈmjunəl ˈhɑrməni

communal harmony

harmonie communautaire
Meaning
Peaceful coexistence and cooperation among different groups in a community.
Example
Maintaining communal harmony requires mutual respect and understanding.
Maintenir l'harmonie communautaire nécessite le respect et la compréhension mutuels.
C1 adjective /ˈhɛlθfəl/

healthful

salubre
Meaning
Promoting good health; beneficial to health.
Example
A healthful diet includes fresh fruits and vegetables.
Un régime salubre comprend des fruits et des légumes frais.
C2 adjective /ˌɪnkənˈsɪdərəbl/

inconsiderable

insignifiant
Meaning
Too small or unimportant to be worth considering.
Example
The donation was not inconsiderable, though smaller than expected.
La donation n'était pas insignifiante, bien qu'elle fût plus petite que prévu.
B2 noun /lʌŋ/

Lung

poumon
Meaning
either of the two organs in the chest that you use for breathing
Example
Smoking can cause serious damage to your lungs.
Fumer peut causer des dommages graves à vos poumons.
B1 noun /broʊˈʃʊr/

brochure

brochure
Meaning
a small booklet or pamphlet containing information or advertising
Example
The travel agent gave us a brochure about the holiday package.
L'agent de voyages nous a donné une brochure sur le paquet de vacances.
C1 adjective /ˌʌnˈɪntɪmeɪtɪŋ/

unintimating

sans indices
Meaning
Not giving a hint or suggestion; not indicating.
Example
His unintimating tone gave no clue of his true feelings.
Son ton sans indices n'a donné aucun indice de ses véritables sentiments.
C2 noun /proʊˈbɑːsɪs/

proboscis

trompe
Meaning
The long, flexible nose of some animals, especially an elephant, or a tubular feeding and sucking organ in insects.
Example
The elephant used its proboscis to grab food.
L'éléphant a utilisé sa trompe pour attraper de la nourriture.
C2 verb /fɔɪst/

foist

imposer de force
Meaning
To impose something unwelcome or unnecessary on someone.
Example
He tried to foist his old books onto his friends.
Il a essayé d'imposer ses vieux livres à ses amis.
B2 adjective /ˈkɒmp(ə)rəbl/

comparable

comparable
Meaning
Able to be likened to something else in size, amount, or quality.
Example
The two products are comparable in quality but differ in price.
Les deux produits sont comparables en qualité mais diffèrent par le prix.
A2 verb /hɑːrm/

harm

nuire
Meaning
to cause damage, injury, or hurt to someone or something
Example
Smoking can harm your health.
Fumer peut nuire à votre santé.
B2 noun /ˈbiː.təl/

Beetle

scarabée
Meaning
a hard-bodied insect with wing covers
Example
The black beetle scurried across the garden path.
Le scarabée noir s'est précipité sur le chemin du jardin.
C1 noun dɪˈspær.ə.ti

disparity

disparité
Meaning
A great difference or inequality.
Example
Disparity between countries must be reduced.
La disparité entre les pays doit être réduite.
B2 noun /ˈpʌŋk.tʃər/

Puncture

crevaison
Meaning
a small hole in a tire that causes air to escape
Example
I had to fix a puncture in my bicycle tire this morning.
J'ai dû réparer un pneu crevé sur mon vélo ce matin.
B2 adjective /ɡrɪm/

grim

sombre
Meaning
very serious or gloomy in appearance or outlook
Example
The future looked grim after the disaster.
L'avenir semblait sombre après le désastre.
C2 noun /ˈhen.ə/

Henna

henné
Meaning
a reddish-brown dye made from the powdered leaves of a tropical shrub, used to color hair and decorate skin
Example
The bride's hands were beautifully decorated with intricate henna patterns for her wedding ceremony.
Les mains de la mariée étaient magnifiquement décorées de motifs complexes de henné pour sa cérémonie de mariage.
B2 noun /ˈkiːɒsk/

kiosk

kiosque
Meaning
A small, open-fronted hut or cubicle from which newspapers, refreshments, tickets, etc., are sold.
Example
She bought a bottle of water from the kiosk near the station.
Elle a acheté une bouteille d'eau au kiosque près de la gare.
C1 adverb /ˈaʊtwədli/

Outwardly

extérieurement; en apparence;
Meaning
on the surface; externally; in appearance
Example
Outwardly, he seemed calm, but inside he was nervous.
Extérieurement, il semblait calme, mais à l'intérieur, il était nerveux.
C1 noun /ˌæktʃuˈæləti/

actuality

réalité
Meaning
The state of existing in reality rather than in appearance or imagination.
Example
The movie was based on historical actuality.
Le film était basé sur la réalité historique.
B2 noun /ʌnˈsɜːrtənti/

Uncertainty

incertitude; doute ou manque de certitude
Meaning
the state of being uncertain; doubt or lack of sureness
Example
The uncertainty about the weather delayed our trip.
L'incertitude sur la météo a retardé notre voyage.
C1 adjective /ˈtrɛtʃərəs/

treacherous

traître
Meaning
Dangerously unstable or deceptive; likely to betray trust.
Example
The treacherous road made driving difficult.
La route traître a rendu la conduite difficile.
C1 noun ˌɪnˈsaɪtfʊlnɪs

insightfulness

perspicacité, capacité d'analyse
Meaning
The capacity to gain an accurate and deep intuitive understanding of a person or thing.
Example
His insightfulness helped solve the complex problem.
Sa perspicacité a aidé à résoudre le problème complexe.
C2 noun /ˈvaɪkaʊnt/

viscount

vicomte
Meaning
A British nobleman ranking below an earl and above a baron.
Example
The viscount inherited the estate from his father.
Le vicomte a hérité du domaine de son père.
C1 adjective /ˈɪnbɔːrn/

Inborn

inné; congénital; inhérent
Meaning
existing from birth; natural; inherent
Example
She has an inborn talent for music.
Elle a un talent inné pour la musique.
B2 noun /təˈreɪn/

terrain

terrain
Meaning
a stretch of land, especially with regard to its physical features
Example
The soldiers had to cross rough terrain during the mission.
Les soldats ont dû traverser un terrain difficile pendant la mission.
C2 noun /ˈɑːrtləsnəs/

artlessness

simplicité, naturel
Meaning
The quality of being natural and simple without deceit or pretension.
Example
Her artlessness made her beloved by all.
Son artlessness la rendait aimée de tous.
C2 adjective /ɪnˈsɛnseɪt/

insensate

insensible
Meaning
lacking physical sensation or empathy; without feeling or sensitivity
Example
The dictator's insensate cruelty shocked the world.
La cruauté insensible du dictateur a choqué le monde.
C1 verb /ˈstaɪmi/

stymie

entraver
Meaning
to prevent or hinder the progress of something
Example
The new regulations could stymie small businesses.
Les nouvelles régulations pourraient freiner les petites entreprises.
B2 noun /wɜːrld ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt deɪ/

World Environment Day

Journée mondiale de l'environnement
Meaning
An annual global event celebrated on June 5 to raise awareness about environmental protection and encourage action for environmental conservation.
Example
World Environment Day is celebrated every year on June 5.
La Journée mondiale de l'environnement est célébrée chaque année le 5 juin.
B2 noun /ˈfeɪ.lɪŋ/

Failing

échec; défaut; faiblesse
Meaning
a weakness, especially in a person's character; a fault
Example
His only failing is that he talks too much during meetings.
Son seul échec est qu'il parle trop pendant les réunions.
C2 adjective /ˌhaɪpərˈbɔːriən/

hyperborean

hyperboréen
Meaning
Relating to the extreme north; very cold or frigid.
Example
The explorers prepared for the hyperborean climate of the Arctic.
Les explorateurs se sont préparés pour le climat hyperboréen de l'Arctique.
C1 noun

Longitude

longitude géographique
C1 adjective /ˌpɛd.əˈɡɒdʒ.ɪ.kəl/

pedagogical

pédagogique
Meaning
Relating to teaching and education; concerned with the methods and practice of teaching.
Example
The school adopted new pedagogical techniques to improve learning.
L'école a adopté de nouvelles techniques pédagogiques pour améliorer l'apprentissage.
B2 noun /ˈdʌmi/

dummy

poupée / personne stupide
Meaning
a model or replica of a human used for practice, display, or testing; also a term for a foolish person
Example
The tailor used a dummy to display the dress.
Le tailleur a utilisé une poupée pour exposer la robe.
C2 adjective /əˈkɜːrsɪd/

accursed

maudit
Meaning
Doomed, detestable, or under a curse.
Example
The villagers avoided the accursed house on the hill.
Les villageois ont évité la maison maudite sur la colline.