civics
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C1 noun /ˈsɪvɪks/

civics

instruction civique
Meaning
the study of the rights and duties of citizens and how government works
Example
Civics helps students understand their responsibilities as citizens.
L’instruction civique aide les élèves à comprendre leurs devoirs de citoyens.
B1 noun /ˈvɪərər/

viewer

spectateur
Meaning
a person who watches something, especially television or video content
Example
The viewer is able to switch channels with the remote control.
Le spectateur peut changer de chaîne avec la télécommande.
C2 noun /ɡrænˈtiː/

grantee

bénéficiaire
Meaning
A person or organization that receives a grant or benefit.
Example
The grantee must submit a progress report every six months.
Le bénéficiaire doit soumettre un rapport d'avancement tous les six mois.
C1 noun rɪˈdʒɛn.ər.ə.tɪv ˈfɑːr.mɪŋ

regenerative farming

agriculture régénérative
Meaning
Agricultural practices that improve soil health and biodiversity.
Example
Regenerative farming improves soil fertility and biodiversity.
L'agriculture régénérative améliore la fertilité du sol et la biodiversité.
B2 noun /taɪd/

Tide

marée
Meaning
the alternate rising and falling of the sea, usually twice in each lunar day, due to the attraction of the moon and sun
Example
The fishermen waited for high tide to launch their boats.
Les pêcheurs attendaient la marée haute pour lancer leurs bateaux.
C1 adjective /ˈplaɪənt/

pliant

souple, facilement influençable ou adaptable
Meaning
flexible; easily influenced or adaptable
Example
She has a pliant personality that adapts well to new situations.
Elle a une personnalité flexible qui s'adapte bien aux nouvelles situations.
C1 noun /ˈkæn.ə.pi/

canopy

la couche supérieure d'une forêt formée par les cimes des arbres; couverture supérieure
Meaning
The upper layer of a forest formed by the crowns of trees; overhead cover.
Example
The rainforest canopy provides shelter to many birds and insects.
La canopée de la forêt tropicale offre un abri à de nombreux oiseaux et insectes.
B2 noun /ˈbætʃələr/

Bachelor

célibataire; titulaire d'un diplôme universitaire
Meaning
an unmarried man; a person who holds a first degree from a university
Example
He remained a bachelor all his life and earned a bachelor's degree in engineering.
Il est resté célibataire toute sa vie et a obtenu un diplôme d'ingénieur.
C2 noun /ˌɑːbdʒərˈɡeɪʃən/

objurgation

réprimande sévère
Meaning
a harsh scolding or strong rebuke
Example
His misconduct earned him a severe objurgation from the manager.
Sa mauvaise conduite lui a valu une réprimande sévère de la part du responsable.
B1 noun /lɪd/

Lid

couvercle
Meaning
a removable or hinged cover for the top of a container
Example
Please put the lid back on the jar.
Veuillez remettre le couvercle sur le pot.
C1 noun ˌsɪstəˈmætɪk ˈseɪvɪŋz

systematic savings

économies systématiques
Meaning
A structured and organized approach to regularly saving money according to a planned schedule
Example
Systematic savings can mitigate financial crises in old age.
Les économies systématiques peuvent atténuer les crises financières à un âge avancé.
C1 noun /ˈmiːnnəs/

Meanness

méchanceté; avarice
Meaning
The quality of being unkind, spiteful, or unfair; stinginess
Example
His meanness towards the poor children shocked everyone in the neighborhood.
Sa méchanceté envers les enfants pauvres a choqué tout le monde dans le quartier.
B2 adjective /lɪˈdʒɪt.ɪ.mət/

Legitimate

légitime; valide; authentique; raisonnable
Meaning
lawful; valid; genuine; reasonable
Example
He has a legitimate reason for being late.
Il a une raison légitime d'être en retard.
C1 adjective /ˈwɔːrˌlaɪk/

warlike

martial
Meaning
Having an aggressive or militant nature; inclined to fight or engage in war.
Example
The tribe was known for its warlike traditions.
La tribu était connue pour ses traditions martiales.
C2 adjective /ˌdɪskəmˈbɑːbjuleɪtɪd/

discombobulated

désorienté
Meaning
confused and disoriented; feeling unsettled
Example
She looked discombobulated after hearing the unexpected news.
Elle avait l'air désorientée après avoir entendu la nouvelle inattendue.
C2 noun /ˈrʊkəri/

rookery

nid d'oiseaux
Meaning
a place where rooks or other birds breed and nest in colonies
Example
We saw a rookery full of noisy birds near the forest.
Nous avons vu un nid d'oiseaux plein d'oiseaux bruyants près de la forêt.
C2 noun /ˈmɔɪəti/

moiety

moitié ou portion
Meaning
One of two equal parts; a half or portion.
Example
The estate was divided into two moieties between the heirs.
La propriété a été divisée en deux moitiés entre les héritiers.
B2 noun /ɔː/

awe

émerveillement
Meaning
a feeling of deep respect mixed with fear or wonder
Example
The children looked at the fireworks in awe.
Les enfants regardaient les feux d'artifice avec émerveillement.
C1 verb /ˈpɜːrpətreɪt/

perpetrate

commettre
Meaning
To commit or carry out, typically a harmful, illegal, or immoral act.
Example
The hackers perpetrated a massive cyber attack on the company.
Les hackers ont perpétré une attaque massive contre l'entreprise.
A2 adjective /trəˈdɪʃənəl/

Traditional

traditionnel
Meaning
relating to or following long-established customs; conventional
Example
They had a traditional wedding ceremony.
Ils ont eu une cérémonie de mariage traditionnelle.
A2 noun /ˌkɒnvəˈseɪʃn/

conversation

conversation
Meaning
an informal talk between two or more people, in which ideas, feelings, and thoughts are exchanged
Example
We had a long conversation about future plans.
Nous avons eu une longue conversation sur les plans futurs.
C1 verb /dɪˈnəʊt/

denote

dénoter
Meaning
To be a sign of; to indicate or mean something.
Example
A red flag denotes danger.
Un drapeau rouge dénote un danger.
C2 adjective /rɪˈtɪkjʊlət/

reticulate

réticulé
Meaning
Having a net-like pattern or structure.
Example
The leaf had a reticulate pattern of veins.
La feuille avait un motif réticulé de veines.
A1 noun /kæt/

Cat

chat
Meaning
a small domesticated carnivorous mammal with soft fur, a short snout, and retractile claws
Example
The cat sat on the windowsill watching birds.
Le chat s'est assis sur le rebord de la fenêtre en regardant les oiseaux.
C1 noun /ˈænti ˈeəkræft ɡʌn/

Anti-aircraft-gun

canon antiaérien
Meaning
a weapon designed to attack aircraft from the ground
Example
The anti-aircraft gun was positioned to defend the military base.
Le canon antiaérien a été positionné pour défendre la base militaire.
C1 adjective /dʒəˈnɛrɪk/

generic

générique
Meaning
characteristic of or relating to a whole group or class; not specific
Example
This medicine is available in generic form.
Ce médicament est disponible sous forme générique.
A2 noun /saɪz/

size

taille
Meaning
the physical dimensions, proportions, or magnitude of something
Example
This shirt is too small in size for me.
Cette chemise est trop petite en taille pour moi.
C1 noun /ˌpɜː.mɪˈæbɪlɪti/

permeability

perméabilité, la qualité ou l'état d'être perméable, permettant aux liquides ou aux gaz de passer à travers
Meaning
The quality or state of being permeable; allowing liquids or gases to pass through.
Example
The permeability of the soil affects water retention.
La perméabilité du sol affecte la rétention d'eau.
C2 adjective /ˈtɛnɪbrəs/

tenebrous

ténébreux
Meaning
dark, shadowy, or obscure
Example
The cave was damp and tenebrous, filled with eerie sounds.
La grotte était humide et ténébreuse, remplie de bruits étranges.
C2 noun /ˈɑːrbər/

arbor

abri ombragé formé par des arbres ou des plantes grimpantes
Meaning
a shady garden shelter formed by trees, climbing plants, or latticework
Example
They rested under the arbor covered with roses.
Ils se reposaient sous l'arbor couvert de roses.
C2 adjective /əˈkjuː.zəˌtɔːr.i/

accusatory

accusateur
Meaning
Suggesting blame or indicating someone has done wrong.
Example
He gave her an accusatory glance.
Il lui lança un regard accusateur.
C2 noun /sʌbˈɔːl.tən/

subaltern

une personne occupant une position subordonnée; dans l'armée, un officier subalterne
Meaning
A person holding a subordinate position; in the military, a junior officer.
Example
The subaltern was responsible for leading a small platoon of soldiers.
Le subalterne était responsable de la direction d'un petit peloton de soldats.
B2 noun /hʊd/

Hood

capuche
Meaning
the expandable neck region of certain snakes like cobras; a covering for the head
Example
The cobra spread its hood when it felt threatened.
Le cobra a étendu son capuchon lorsqu'il a ressenti une menace.
C1 adjective /dɪˈfʌŋkt/

defunct

hors service, disparu
Meaning
No longer existing, operating, or functioning.
Example
The company became defunct after the financial crisis.
L'entreprise est devenue défectueuse après la crise financière.
C2 adjective /ɔːˈrɪfərəs/

auriferous

aurifère
Meaning
Containing or producing gold.
Example
The miners discovered an auriferous vein in the mountains.
Les mineurs ont découvert un filon aurifère dans les montagnes.
C2 noun /ˈɡrænəri/

granary

grange
Meaning
A storehouse for grain; a region that produces a large amount of grain
Example
The farmers stored their harvest in the village granary.
Les agriculteurs ont stocké leur récolte dans le grenier du village.
B2 noun /ˈfɪʃ.ɪŋ/

phishing

vol d'informations par fraude
Meaning
The fraudulent practice of sending emails purporting to be from reputable companies in order to induce individuals to reveal personal information.
Example
Phishing emails often trick people into revealing passwords.
Les e-mails de phishing trompent souvent les gens pour qu'ils révèlent leurs mots de passe.
C2 noun /ˈskʌl.i.ən/

scullion

valet de cuisine
Meaning
a servant assigned the most menial kitchen tasks
Example
In medieval times, a scullion was responsible for cleaning pots and pans.
Au Moyen Âge, un scullion était responsable du nettoyage des casseroles et des poêles.
C2 noun ˌæɡ.roʊˈfɔːr.ɪ.stri

agroforestry

agroforesterie
Meaning
A land use management system in which trees or shrubs are grown around or among crops or pastureland.
Example
Agroforestry improves soil quality and crop yield.
L'agroforesterie améliore la qualité du sol et le rendement des cultures.
C2 noun/adjective /prɪˈsɪpɪtənt/

precipitant

précipitant
Meaning
As a noun: a substance that causes a substance to be deposited from a solution; as an adjective: acting hastily or impulsively.
Example
The chemist added a precipitant to the solution to observe the reaction.
Le chimiste a ajouté un précipitant à la solution pour observer la réaction.
B2 noun /ˈspesɪmən/

Specimen

échantillon; spécimen; exemple
Meaning
an individual example of something; a sample collected for scientific study or testing
Example
The scientist collected a blood specimen for analysis.
Le scientifique a collecté un échantillon de sang pour analyse.
B2 adjective /sɔːr/

sore

douloureux
Meaning
painful or aching, usually in a specific part of the body
Example
After the long run, my legs were sore.
Après la longue course, mes jambes étaient douloureuses.
C2 verb /bɪˈdræɡəl/

bedraggle

rendre quelque chose mouillé, sale et en désordre en le traînant dans la boue ou l'eau
Meaning
to make something wet, dirty, and untidy by dragging it through mud or water
Example
The children came home bedraggled after playing in the rain.
Les enfants sont rentrés à la maison trempés et sales après avoir joué sous la pluie.
B2 noun /ˈwɔːfeər/

Warfare

guerre
Meaning
armed conflict between different countries or groups; the activity of fighting a war
Example
Modern warfare involves advanced technology and strategic planning.
La guerre moderne implique des technologies avancées et une planification stratégique.
C2 noun /ˌdʒʊərɪsˈpruːdəns/

jurisprudence

jurisprudence
Meaning
The theory, philosophy, or science of law.
Example
She is a professor of jurisprudence at the university.
Elle est professeure de jurisprudence à l'université.
C1 verb /ɪkˈskriːt/

excrete

excréter
Meaning
to eliminate waste matter from the body
Example
Humans excrete carbon dioxide through breathing.
Les humains excrètent du dioxyde de carbone par la respiration.
C1 adjective /ˈmænɪfoʊld/

Manifold

multiples
Meaning
many and of several different types; multiple; various
Example
The project has manifold benefits for the community.
Le projet présente de multiples avantages pour la communauté.
B2 verb ɪnˈvɛst.ɪŋ

investing

investir
Meaning
The act of putting money into financial schemes, shares, property, or a commercial venture with the expectation of achieving a profit.
Example
Investing in stocks can generate long-term wealth.
Investir dans des actions peut générer de la richesse à long terme.
C1 noun /ɪnˈkɜːrʒən/

incursion

incursion
Meaning
A sudden attack or invasion into a place or territory.
Example
The army repelled the enemy incursion at the border.
L'armée a repoussé l'incursion ennemie à la frontière.
C1 adjective /ˈdesələt/

Desolate

désert; solitaire; stérile
Meaning
deserted; lonely; barren
Example
The abandoned village looked desolate and empty.
Le village abandonné avait l'air désert et vide.
C2 noun /staɪn/

stein

mug à bière
Meaning
A large beer mug, typically made of glass or stoneware.
Example
He raised his stein to toast his friends.
Il a levé son stein pour porter un toast à ses amis.
B2 adjective /ʌnˈbiːtən/

Unbeaten

invaincu; non défait
Meaning
not defeated; having never lost; undefeated
Example
The team remains unbeaten this season.
L'équipe reste invaincue cette saison.
B1 noun /ˈsʌn.flaʊər/

Sun flower

tournesol
Meaning
a large yellow flower that turns to face the sun
Example
The sunflower field looked amazing in the bright sunlight.
Le champ de tournesols était magnifique sous la lumière éclatante du soleil.
A2 adverb /ˈslaɪtli/

slightly

légèrement
Meaning
to a small degree or extent
Example
The temperature has slightly increased today.
La température a légèrement augmenté aujourd'hui.
B2 noun /ˈfeɪ.lɪŋ/

Failing

échec; défaut; faiblesse
Meaning
a weakness, especially in a person's character; a fault
Example
His only failing is that he talks too much during meetings.
Son seul échec est qu'il parle trop pendant les réunions.
C2 verb /ˌʌndərˈɡɜːrd/

undergird

soutenir, renforcer
Meaning
to provide support or foundation for; to strengthen
Example
Strong values undergird a healthy society.
Les valeurs fortes soutiennent une société saine.
A1 adjective /njuː/

new

nouveau
Meaning
recently made, discovered, or introduced; not existing before
Example
He bought a new car yesterday.
Il a acheté une nouvelle voiture hier.
C1 noun /æmˈniːʒə/

amnesia

amnésie
Meaning
A partial or total loss of memory, usually caused by injury, illness, or psychological trauma.
Example
After the accident, she suffered from amnesia and could not remember her own name.
Après l'accident, elle a souffert d'amnésie et n'a pas pu se souvenir de son propre nom.
C2 adjective /ˈfluːtɪd/

fluted

strié
Meaning
having grooves or ridges, often for decoration
Example
The vase had a beautiful fluted design around the rim.
Le vase avait un beau design strié autour du bord.
C1 adjective /ˈdaʊn.kæst/

downcast

abattu
Meaning
feeling sad, dejected, or with lowered eyes
Example
He looked downcast after hearing the bad news.
Il avait l'air abattu après avoir entendu la mauvaise nouvelle.
C1 noun ˌpraɪɔːrɪtaɪˈzeɪʃən

prioritization

priorisation
Meaning
The action or process of deciding the relative importance or urgency of things.
Example
Effective prioritization ensures resources are used efficiently.
Une priorisation efficace garantit que les ressources sont utilisées efficacement.
A2 noun /ʃer/

Share

part
Meaning
a portion of something; a part or portion of a larger amount
Example
Each partner received an equal share of the company profits.
Chaque partenaire a reçu une part égale des bénéfices de l'entreprise.
A2 noun /dʒiˈɒɡrəfi/

geography

géographie
Meaning
the study of the Earth’s physical features, climates, populations, and the relationships between people and their environments
Example
She studies geography to understand how landscapes and human societies interact.
Elle étudie la géographie pour comprendre le monde.
A2 noun /ˈtiːneɪdʒər/

teenager

adolescent
Meaning
a person aged between 13 and 19 years.
Example
Teenagers often enjoy hanging out with friends.
Les adolescents aiment souvent passer du temps avec leurs amis.
C1 verb /ˈɡlɔːrɪfaɪ/

glorify

glorifier
Meaning
to praise or honor someone or something; to make something seem better than it is
Example
The movie glorifies war heroes.
Le film glorifie les héros de guerre.
B1 adjective /ˈvælɪd/

Valid

valide; acceptable légalement ou officiellement
Meaning
legally or officially acceptable; having a sound basis in logic or fact
Example
The passport is valid for ten years.
Le passeport est valide pour dix ans.
B2 noun /ɪnˈdjʊə.rəns/

endurance

endurance
Meaning
The fact or power of enduring an unpleasant or difficult process or situation without giving way.
Example
Running a marathon requires exceptional endurance.
Courir un marathon nécessite une endurance exceptionnelle.
B2 noun /ˈpjʊə.rɪ.ti/

Purity

pureté; propreté; liberté de contamination
Meaning
the state of being pure; cleanness or freedom from contamination
Example
The purity of the mountain water was remarkable.
La pureté de l'eau de montagne était remarquable.
C1 noun /ˈstɒpɪdʒ/

stoppage

arrêt; interruption
Meaning
The act of stopping or ceasing; a halt in operation or activity
Example
The sudden stoppage of the train caused delays for all passengers.
L'arrêt soudain du train a provoqué des retards pour tous les passagers.
B1 adjective ˈriː.dʒən.əl

regional

régional
Meaning
Relating to or characteristic of a region.
Example
Regional hubs support localized industries.
Les hubs régionaux soutiennent les industries locales.
C2 noun /ˌsɪləbɪˈkeɪʃən/

syllabication

syllabation
Meaning
The division of words into syllables.
Example
Proper syllabication helps in correct pronunciation.
Une bonne syllabation aide à une prononciation correcte.
C2 adjective /ɪˈmɛrɪtəs/

emeritus

professeur émérite
Meaning
having retired but allowed to retain their title as an honor
Example
He is a professor emeritus at the university.
Il est professeur émérite à l'université.
C1 noun /ˈælkoʊv/

alcove

alcôve
Meaning
A small recessed section of a room or a nook.
Example
She placed a reading chair in the alcove near the window.
Elle a placé une chaise de lecture dans l'alcôve près de la fenêtre.
C1 noun /saɪˈkoʊsɪs/

psychosis

psychose
Meaning
A severe mental disorder in which thought and emotions are impaired, leading to a loss of contact with reality.
Example
The patient was diagnosed with psychosis after experiencing hallucinations.
Le patient a été diagnostiqué avec une psychose après avoir expérimenté des hallucinations.
C1 adjective /rɪˈmiːdiəl/

Remedial

correctif; réparateur; curatif;
Meaning
intended as a remedy; corrective; providing a cure;
Example
The students need remedial classes to improve their math skills.
Les étudiants ont besoin de cours de rattrapage pour améliorer leurs compétences en mathématiques.
B2 verb /poʊz/

pose

bonheur
Meaning
To assume a particular position, especially for a photograph or display; to present a problem or question.
Example
She posed for a picture in front of the monument.
Elle ne pouvait pas cacher son bonheur lorsqu'elle a reçu le prix.
A2 verb /voʊt/

vote

voter
Meaning
to make a choice in an election; to express preference
Example
Citizens vote to choose their representatives.
Les citoyens votent pour choisir leurs représentants.
C1 adjective ˈsɪŋ.krə.nəs

synchronous

synchrone
Meaning
Existing or occurring at the same time.
Example
Synchronous learning involves live online classes.
L'apprentissage synchrone implique des cours en ligne en direct.
A2 noun /hɛlθ/

health

santé
Meaning
The state of being free from illness or injury.
Example
Exercise is important for good health.
L'exercice est important pour une bonne santé.
C2 noun, adjective /ˈɡɒsəmər/

gossamer

quelque chose de délicat
Meaning
Something light, thin, and delicate, like a fine fabric or cobweb.
Example
The bride's veil was made of delicate gossamer fabric.
Le voile de la mariée était fait de tissu délicat de gossamer.
B2 verb /ɪnˈdeɪndʒər/

endanger

mettre en danger
Meaning
To put someone or something at risk or in danger.
Example
Cutting down forests can endanger many species of animals.
Abattre des forêts peut mettre en danger de nombreuses espèces animales.
B2 adverb /ˈsel.fɪʃ.li/

Selfishly

égoïstement
Meaning
in a selfish manner; caring only about oneself
Example
He selfishly took all the cookies.
Il a pris tous les cookies égoïstement.
A2 adverb /kəmˈpliːtli/

completely

complètement
Meaning
totally; in every way possible
Example
The room was completely silent.
La pièce était complètement silencieuse.
C2 noun /ˈdʒɪŋɡoʊˌɪzəm/

jingoism

nationalisme extrême
Meaning
extreme patriotism expressed in aggressive foreign policy
Example
The politician's speech was filled with jingoism.
Le discours du politicien était rempli de jingoïsme.
A1 verb /hɪər/

hear

entendre
Meaning
to perceive sound; to listen to
Example
I can hear the birds singing.
Je peux entendre les oiseaux chanter.
B2 noun /ˈsɛsəmi sidz/

Sesame Seeds

graines de sésame
Meaning
small edible seeds from the sesame plant used in cooking and baking
Example
Sprinkle sesame seeds on top of the bread before baking.
Saupoudrez des graines de sésame sur le pain avant de le cuire.
C1 adjective /pərˈsweɪdəbl̩/

persuadable

facilement influençable
Meaning
capable of being convinced or influenced to do something
Example
She was easily persuadable when it came to trying new foods.
Elle était facilement influençable quand il s'agissait d'essayer de nouveaux aliments.
A1 pronoun /ˈɛniˌbɒdi/

anybody

n'importe qui
Meaning
any person; anyone
Example
Anybody can join the club.
N'importe qui peut rejoindre le club.
C1 verb /ʌnˈrævəl/

unravel

démêler
Meaning
To undo twisted or knitted threads; to solve or explain something complicated.
Example
The detective worked hard to unravel the mystery.
Le détective a travaillé dur pour démêler le mystère.
B2 noun /twɪɡ/

twig

rameau
Meaning
a small thin branch of a tree or bush
Example
She broke a twig off the tree to use as a stick.
Elle a cassé une petite branche de l'arbre pour l'utiliser comme bâton.
A2 noun /koʊtʃ/

coach

entraîneur
Meaning
A person who helps improve others' skills or knowledge.
Example
The football coach motivated his team before the match.
L'entraîneur de football a motivé son équipe avant le match.
C2 noun /lʌɡˈʒʊəriəns/

luxuriance

luxuriance
Meaning
abundant growth, richness, or elegance
Example
The garden was filled with the luxuriance of tropical plants.
Le jardin était rempli de la luxuriance des plantes tropicales.
C2 noun /ˈæntɪˌtʃeɪmbər/

antechamber

antichambre
Meaning
a small room serving as an entry to a larger one
Example
The guests waited in the antechamber before being admitted to the hall.
Les invités ont attendu dans l'antichambre avant d'être admis dans la salle.
C2 adjective /rɪˈzɪstləs/

resistless

irrésistible
Meaning
Impossible to resist; having an overpowering effect.
Example
She felt a resistless urge to laugh at the joke.
Elle a ressenti une envie irrésistible de rire à la blague.
B1 noun /dɪˈlaɪt/

Delight

délice; plaisir
Meaning
a feeling of happiness or pleasure; something that gives great pleasure
Example
The children's laughter filled her heart with pure delight.
Le rire des enfants remplit son cœur de pur délice.
C2 verb /ˌɪntərˈlɒk/

interlock

emboîter
Meaning
to fit or connect together securely so that two or more things are joined
Example
The gears interlock to ensure smooth movement of the machine.
Les engrenages s'emboîtent pour assurer un mouvement fluide de la machine.
B2 verb /ˈstreɪtən/

straighten

redresser
Meaning
to make something straight or tidy; to correct or organize
Example
She straightened her hair before the meeting.
Elle a redressé ses cheveux avant la réunion.
C2 adjective /ˈnʌpʃəl/

nuptial

nuptial
Meaning
Relating to marriage or weddings.
Example
The couple prepared for their nuptial ceremony with great joy.
Le couple s'est préparé pour leur cérémonie nuptiale avec grande joie.
C1 verb θwɔːt

thwart

contrecarrer
Meaning
Prevent (someone) from accomplishing something; oppose successfully.
Example
His efforts to thwart the proposal were unsuccessful.
Ses efforts pour contrecarrer la proposition ont échoué.
C1 adjective /prɪˈpɒstərəs/

preposterous

absurde, ridicule
Meaning
completely ridiculous or absurd; contrary to reason or common sense
Example
The idea that pigs could fly is preposterous.
L'idée que les cochons puissent voler est absurde.
B1 noun /ˈkʊkər/

cooker

cuisinière; cuiseur
Meaning
a device or appliance used for cooking food; a person or thing that cooks
Example
The rice cooker makes cooking meals much easier.
Le cuiseur à riz rend la cuisine plus facile.
B1 noun /neɪl/

Nail

clou
Meaning
a small metal spike with a broadened flat head; part of finger or toe
Example
He hammered the nail into the wooden board.
Il a enfoncé le clou dans le panneau de bois.
C1 noun /əˈpɒlədʒɪst/

apologist

défenseur
Meaning
a person who defends or justifies something, often a controversial belief or institution
Example
He is known as an apologist for authoritarian regimes.
Il est connu comme un défenseur des régimes autoritaires.
C2 verb /ɪnˈfætʃueɪt/

infatuate

fasciner
Meaning
to inspire with an intense but short-lived passion or admiration
Example
He was infatuated with her beauty.
Il était fasciné par sa beauté.
B2 noun plɒt

plot

intrigue
Meaning
The main story of a piece of writing, or the series of events that happen in it.
Example
The plot of A Tale of Two Cities is intense and gripping.
L'intrigue de 'A Tale of Two Cities' est intense et captivante.
C2 noun /ˈbæs.tərd tiːk/

Bastard teak

teck bâtard
Meaning
A flowering tree with bright orange-red flowers, also known as flame of the forest
Example
The bastard teak tree blooms with vibrant orange flowers in spring.
L'arbre de teck bâtard fleurit avec des fleurs orange vibrantes au printemps.
B2 verb /dɪˈstɔːrt/

distort

distordre
Meaning
to twist or change the shape, appearance, or meaning of something so it is not true or accurate
Example
The mirror distorted her reflection.
Le miroir a distordu son reflet.
C1 verb rɪˈpel

repel

repousser
Meaning
To push away or force apart due to similar charges or properties.
Example
Protons repel each other.
Les protons se repoussent mutuellement.
C1 adjective /dɪˈfaɪənt/

Defiant

défiant; rebelle
Meaning
boldly resistant or challenging; disobedient
Example
The defiant student refused to follow the rules.
L'étudiant défiant a refusé de suivre les règles.
B2 verb /ɪˈvoʊk/

evoke

évoquer
Meaning
to bring a feeling, memory, or image into the mind
Example
The old song evoked memories of her childhood.
La vieille chanson a évoqué des souvenirs de son enfance.
B2 noun /moʊd/

Mode

mode; manière
Meaning
a way or manner in which something occurs or is done; a setting
Example
The computer has a sleep mode to save energy.
L'ordinateur a un mode veille pour économiser de l'énergie.
C1 noun /kɑst/

Caste

caste; système de castes
Meaning
a social class system; a hereditary class of Hindu society
Example
The ancient caste system divided society into different social groups.
Le système ancien des castes a divisé la société en différents groupes sociaux.
C1 adjective /ˈfjuː.dəl/

feudal

féodal
Meaning
relating to the system of feudalism, a medieval social system based on land ownership and obligations
Example
The castle is a remnant of the feudal era.
Le château est un vestige de l'époque féodale.
C1 noun /ˌɪnɪkˈspɪəriəns/

inexperience

inexpérience
Meaning
Lack of knowledge or skill in a particular activity or field.
Example
His inexperience in handling negotiations was evident.
Son inexpérience dans la gestion des négociations était évidente.
A2 adjective /ˈfuː.lɪʃ/

Foolish

stupide; ridicule; insensé
Meaning
lacking good sense or judgment; unwise; silly
Example
It was foolish of him to drive in such heavy rain.
C'était stupide de sa part de conduire sous une telle pluie.
B1 verb /ˈpʌblɪʃ/

publish

publier
Meaning
to print and distribute books, magazines, etc.; to make information available
Example
The author will publish her new novel next month.
L'auteur publiera son nouveau roman le mois prochain.
C1 noun /ˈpɒlɪɡlɒt/

polyglot

polyglotte
Meaning
a person who knows and can use several languages
Example
She is a polyglot, fluent in English, Spanish, and Bengali.
Elle est polyglotte, parlant couramment l'anglais, l'espagnol et le bengali.
C2 adjective /ˌpjuːsɪˈlænɪməs/

pusillanimous

timoré
Meaning
showing a lack of courage or determination; timid
Example
The pusillanimous leader avoided making tough decisions.
Le leader timoré évitait de prendre des décisions difficiles.
C2 adjective /ˈwɜːkmənˌlaɪk/

workmanlike

professionnel
Meaning
Showing efficient, competent, and practical skill, but without flair or creativity.
Example
The carpenter delivered a workmanlike performance on the project.
Le charpentier a livré une performance de travail sur le projet.
C2 noun /ˈpiːən/

paean

hymne de louange
Meaning
A song or piece of writing expressing great praise or triumph.
Example
The article was a paean to the beauty of nature.
L'article était un hymne à la beauté de la nature.
C1 verb /səˈplænt/

supplant

supplanter
Meaning
To take the place of something or someone, often by force or strategy.
Example
Digital platforms have supplanted traditional newspapers.
Les plateformes numériques ont supplanté les journaux traditionnels.