citizens
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B1 noun /ˈsɪt.ɪ.zənz/

citizens

citoyens
Meaning
A legally recognized subject or national of a state or commonwealth.
Example
Citizens must follow pollution regulations.
Les citoyens doivent respecter les réglementations sur la pollution.
C1 verb /ˈpɜːrpətreɪt/

perpetrate

commettre
Meaning
To commit or carry out, typically a harmful, illegal, or immoral act.
Example
The hackers perpetrated a massive cyber attack on the company.
Les hackers ont perpétré une attaque massive contre l'entreprise.
A1 noun /ˈɪntənet/

internet

réseau mondial d'ordinateurs
Meaning
A global computer network providing a variety of information and communication facilities.
Example
The internet has revolutionized the way we access information.
Internet a révolutionné la façon dont nous accédons à l'information.
C1 noun /ˈmɪd.waɪf/

midwife

sage-femme
Meaning
A person, typically a woman, trained to assist women during childbirth.
Example
The midwife stayed with the mother throughout her labor.
La sage-femme est restée avec la mère pendant toute la durée de son travail.
C2 noun /ˈɔː.rɪ.fɪs/

orifice

orifice
Meaning
an opening or hole, especially in the body or a device
Example
The medicine was applied through a small orifice in the device.
Le médicament a été appliqué par un petit orifice dans l'appareil.
B2 noun /stjuːˈpɪdəti/

stupidity

stupidité
Meaning
lack of intelligence or common sense
Example
His stupidity caused a lot of problems for the team.
Sa stupidité a causé beaucoup de problèmes à l'équipe.
C2 adjective /ɡrænˈdɪləkwənt/

grandiloquent

langage pompeux
Meaning
Using lofty, pompous, or extravagant language to impress others.
Example
The politician’s grandiloquent speech failed to connect with ordinary people.
Le discours pompeux du politicien n'a pas réussi à se connecter avec le peuple ordinaire.
C1 noun /kəˈmoʊʃən/

commotion

agitation
Meaning
A state of noisy confusion or disturbance.
Example
The sudden commotion in the market drew everyone's attention.
L'agitation soudaine au marché a attiré l'attention de tout le monde.
A2 adjective /mæd/

Mad

en colère; mentalement malade; fou
Meaning
angry; mentally ill; insane
Example
He was mad at his friend for being late.
Il était en colère contre son ami pour être en retard.
A1 noun /ˈbrʌðər/

brother

frère
Meaning
a male sibling
Example
My brother is two years older than me.
Mon frère a deux ans de plus que moi.
C1 noun /ɪnˈhɛrɪtər/

inheritor

héritier
Meaning
a person who receives money, property, or a title when someone dies
Example
She became the inheritor of her family's estate.
Elle est devenue l'héritière de la propriété de sa famille.
C1 adjective /ˈstɪndʒi/

stingy

avare
Meaning
unwilling to spend or give; miserly
Example
He is too stingy to buy a gift for his friend.
Il est trop avare pour acheter un cadeau pour son ami.
A2 adverb /ˈsɪə.ri.əs.li/

seriously

sérieusement
Meaning
in a solemn or thoughtful manner
Example
She took the matter very seriously.
Elle a pris la question très sérieusement.
C2 noun /ˈlɒdʒ.mənt/

lodgment

hébergement temporaire
Meaning
The act of lodging or a place of temporary stay; also a deposit of something.
Example
The soldiers found lodgment in the abandoned house.
Les soldats ont trouvé un hébergement temporaire dans la maison abandonnée.
B2 adjective /ˈpɑːr.ʃəl/

Partial

partiel; biaisé;
Meaning
incomplete; showing bias or prejudice
Example
The judge gave a partial decision in favor of the defendant.
Le juge a rendu une décision partielle en faveur du défendeur.
C1 adjective /ˈɡleɪʃəl/

glacial

relatif aux glaciers
Meaning
relating to ice or glaciers; extremely cold or unfriendly
Example
The mountains were covered in glacial ice.
Les montagnes étaient couvertes de glace glaciaire.
C2 noun /ˈɡræfaɪt/

graphite

graphite
Meaning
a soft, black form of carbon used in pencils and as a lubricant
Example
The artist sketched the portrait using a graphite pencil.
L'artiste a esquissé le portrait avec un crayon graphite.
A1 adjective /ˈbjuː.tɪ.fəl/

Beautiful

magnifique; beau; charmant;
Meaning
pleasing to the senses; attractive; having qualities that give great pleasure
Example
She has a beautiful voice that captivates everyone.
Elle a une voix magnifique qui captive tout le monde.
C1 verb /ɪkˈstɔːrt/

extort

extorquer
Meaning
to obtain something, especially money, by force, threats, or unfair means
Example
The gang attempted to extort money from local shopkeepers.
Le gang a tenté d'extorquer de l'argent aux commerçants locaux.
B2 noun /ˈɒt.ər/

Otter

loutre
Meaning
a mammal with webbed feet that lives near water and feeds on fish
Example
The playful otter swam gracefully in the river.
La loutre joueuse nageait gracieusement dans la rivière.
C2 noun /ˈsɒfɪst/

sophist

sophiste
Meaning
a person who uses clever but misleading arguments
Example
He was dismissed as a sophist who twisted facts to win debates.
Il a été rejeté comme un sophiste qui déformait les faits pour gagner des débats.
C1 noun /ˌɪn.dʒəˈnjuː.ɪ.ti/

ingenuity

ingéniosité
Meaning
The quality of being clever, original, and inventive.
Example
His ingenuity led to groundbreaking innovations.
Son ingéniosité a conduit à des innovations de rupture.
C1 noun prɪˈzɝː.və.tɪv

preservative

conservateur
Meaning
A chemical substance that prevents decay, fermentation, or other natural processes that cause food deterioration.
Example
Artificial preservatives are harmful to health.
Les conservateurs artificiels sont nuisibles pour la santé.
B1 adjective /rɪˈmeɪnɪŋ/

remaining

restant
Meaning
still existing or left after others are gone or dealt with
Example
There were only a few remaining tickets for the concert.
Il ne restait que quelques billets pour le concert.
B2 adjective /ˈprɒmɪnənt/

prominent

prominent
Meaning
Important, famous, or easily noticeable.
Example
He is a prominent leader in the community.
Il est un leader prominent dans la communauté.
B2 noun /ˈɜːrnər/

earner

gagnant
Meaning
A person who earns money through work or business
Example
She is the primary earner in her family.
Elle est la principale gagnant de sa famille.
C1 verb /ˈdʒʌmbəl/

jumble

mélanger
Meaning
to mix things together in a confused or untidy way
Example
Don't jumble all the papers together in one pile.
Ne mélange pas tous les papiers dans une seule pile.
A2 noun /ˈfəʊtəɡrɑːf/

photograph

photo
Meaning
a picture made using a camera
Example
She took a photograph of the sunset.
Elle a pris une photo du coucher du soleil.
B2 noun /ˈkɒləni/

colony

colonie
Meaning
a territory or community controlled by another country or group of people
Example
India was once a British colony.
L'Inde était autrefois une colonie britannique.
A2 noun /ˈwʌndər/

wonder

merveille
Meaning
a feeling of amazement and admiration, caused by something beautiful, remarkable, or unfamiliar
Example
The view from the mountain was a true wonder.
La vue depuis la montagne était une véritable merveille.
C1 noun /ɪkˈskriːʃən/

excretion

excrétion
Meaning
the process of eliminating waste matter from the body
Example
Excretion is vital for maintaining a healthy body.
L'excrétion est vitale pour maintenir un corps sain.
C1 noun /ˈfreɪlti/

frailty

fragilité
Meaning
The condition of being weak, delicate, or easily broken.
Example
Old age often comes with physical frailty.
La vieillesse vient souvent avec une fragilité physique.
C1 noun /dɪˈkriː/

Decree

décret
Meaning
an official order issued by a legal authority; a judicial decision or edict
Example
The king issued a decree that all citizens must pay additional taxes.
Le roi a émis un décret stipulant que tous les citoyens doivent payer des taxes supplémentaires.
B2 noun /ˌkeɪ.pəˈbɪl.ə.ti/

capability

capacité
Meaning
The ability or capacity to do something.
Example
The telescope's capability is unparalleled.
La capacité du télescope est inégalée.
A2 adjective, noun /ˈkloʊsər/

closer

plus près, clôturant
Meaning
more near in distance or relationship; someone or something that concludes an activity
Example
She moved closer to the window.
Elle s'est approchée de la fenêtre.
C2 verb /ˈhɛnˌpɛk/

henpeck

être constamment critiqué ou dominé par son épouse
Meaning
To continually criticize, nag, or dominate (especially a husband).
Example
He felt henpecked by his overly controlling wife.
Il se sentait constamment critiqué par sa femme dominante.
C2 verb /koʊˈæɡjəˌleɪt/

coagulate

coaguler
Meaning
to cause a liquid, especially blood, to change into a solid or semi-solid state
Example
The blood quickly coagulated after the cut.
Le sang s'est coagulé rapidement après la coupure.
B2 verb /ɡreɪz/

graze

bonheur
Meaning
To feed on grass; to touch or scrape lightly while passing.
Example
The cows graze in the meadow every morning.
Elle ne pouvait pas cacher son bonheur lorsqu'elle a reçu le prix.
B2 noun /ˈɡreɪt.fəl.nəs/

Gratefulness

reconnaissance
Meaning
the quality of being thankful; readiness to show appreciation for kindness
Example
She expressed her gratefulness to the doctors who saved her life.
elle a exprimé sa reconnaissance aux médecins qui lui ont sauvé la vie.
B2 adjective ˌpriːhɪˈstɒrɪk

prehistoric

préhistorique, avant les archives écrites
Meaning
Belonging to the time before written records.
Example
The prehistoric era was marked by the rise of early humans.
L'ère préhistorique a été marquée par l'ascension des premiers humains.
B2 adjective /ˈhændi/

handy

facile à utiliser
Meaning
convenient to use or easily accessible; skillful with the hands
Example
This pocket knife is very handy when you go camping.
Ce couteau de poche est très pratique lorsque vous allez camper.
C1 noun /kɔːrs flaʊər/

Course flour

farine grossière
Meaning
coarsely ground flour with larger particles, typically used for baking bread
Example
She used course flour to make homemade bread with a rustic texture.
Elle a utilisé de la farine grossière pour faire du pain maison avec une texture rustique.
B2 verb /rɪˈstrɪkt/

restrict

restreindre
Meaning
To limit the size, amount, or range of something.
Example
The government decided to restrict the use of plastic bags.
Le gouvernement a décidé de restreindre l'utilisation des sacs en plastique.
A1 adjective /smɔːl/

Small

petit; limité; étroit
Meaning
little in size; not large; limited in extent or amount
Example
She lives in a small apartment near the university.
Elle vit dans un petit appartement près de l'université.
C1 adjective /ˈfræɡməntɪd/

fragmented

fragmenté, divisé, incomplet
Meaning
Having been broken into fragments; disjointed or incomplete.
Example
The information was fragmented and difficult to understand.
L'information était fragmentée et difficile à comprendre.
C1 noun əˈrɪd.ɪ.ti

aridity

aridité
Meaning
The state of being extremely dry, especially having insufficient rainfall to support vegetation.
Example
The aridity of the land is increasing due to climate change.
L'aridité de la terre augmente en raison du changement climatique.
C2 noun /ˌspoʊliˈeɪʃən/

spoliation

destruction
Meaning
The act of destroying or ruining something, often evidence or property.
Example
The court punished the company for the spoliation of evidence.
Le tribunal a puni l'entreprise pour la spoliation des preuves.
A2 adverb /ˈsɪm.pli/

Simply

simplement; juste;
Meaning
in a clear and easy way; merely; just
Example
I simply wanted to help you with your homework.
Je voulais simplement t'aider avec ton devoir.
C2 adjective /ˌɪntəˈrɒɡətəri/

interrogatory

interrogatif
Meaning
expressed in the form of a question; relating to questioning
Example
The lawyer’s interrogatory tone made the witness uncomfortable.
Le ton interrogatif de l'avocat a rendu le témoin mal à l'aise.
C1 noun /ɪˌluːmɪˈneɪʃən/

illumination

éclairage
Meaning
the act of lighting something or making something clear
Example
The street was filled with bright illumination from the lamps.
La rue était éclairée par l'éclairage brillant des lampes.
C2 adjective /boʊˈhiːmiən/

bohemian

bohémien
Meaning
unconventional, artistic, and free-spirited in lifestyle or appearance
Example
She decorated her apartment in a bohemian style with colorful fabrics.
Elle a décoré son appartement dans un style bohémien avec des tissus colorés.
C1 noun ˌlɪt.ɪˈɡeɪ.ʃən

litigation

litige
Meaning
The process of taking legal action; a lawsuit.
Example
The litigation accused the regime of human rights abuses.
Le litige a accusé le régime de violations des droits de l'homme.
C1 noun /pəˈnæʃ/

panache

élégance distinctive
Meaning
Flamboyant confidence of style or manner; distinctive and stylish elegance.
Example
He delivered his speech with great panache.
Il a prononcé son discours avec une grande élégance.
B1 preposition /ˈvɜːsəs/

versus

contre
Meaning
against (in a competition or conflict)
Example
The team is playing versus their biggest rivals.
L'équipe joue contre ses plus grands rivaux.
C2 noun /ˈbrɪtɪˌsɪzəm/

briticism

mot ou caractéristique de l'anglais britannique
Meaning
a word, phrase, or characteristic feature of British English
Example
The word 'lorry' is a well-known Briticism.
Le mot 'lorry' est un briticisme bien connu.
C2 noun /ˌbrɪɡ.əˈdɪər/

brigadier

brigadier
Meaning
A military officer rank, usually commanding a brigade.
Example
The brigadier inspected the troops before the parade.
Le brigadier a inspecté les troupes avant le défilé.
C2 noun /ˈprɛʃəns/ or /ˈpriːʃəns/

prescience

prescience
Meaning
the ability to know or predict what will happen in the future
Example
Her prescience about market trends saved the company.
Sa préscience des tendances du marché a sauvé l'entreprise.
C2 adjective /dʒɪˈdʒuːn/

jejune

naïf / superficiel / insipide
Meaning
Naive, simplistic, and superficial; also dull or uninteresting.
Example
The professor dismissed the essay as jejune and lacking depth.
Le professeur a rejeté l'essai comme naïf et sans profondeur.
B1 noun /ˈprɛɡnənsi/

pregnancy

grossesse
Meaning
the condition of being pregnant; the period during which a woman carries a developing fetus
Example
Her pregnancy was carefully monitored by her doctor.
Sa grossesse a été soigneusement suivie par son médecin.
B2 noun /ˌdel.ɪˈɡeɪ.ʃən/

delegation

délégation
Meaning
A group of people chosen to represent others in negotiations or discussions.
Example
The delegation presented their country's agenda.
La délégation a présenté l'agenda de son pays.
A2 verb /krɒs/

cross

traverser
Meaning
to go from one side to another, or to pass through
Example
We crossed the river using a wooden bridge.
Nous avons traversé la rivière en utilisant un pont en bois.
C1 adjective /ɛnˌsaɪkləˈpiːdɪk/

encyclopedic

encyclopédique
Meaning
Having comprehensive knowledge of many subjects; relating to or characteristic of an encyclopedia.
Example
Her encyclopedic knowledge of history amazed everyone at the conference.
Ses connaissances encyclopédiques en histoire ont étonné tout le monde à la conférence.
C2 adjective /ˈsɑːdn/

sodden

saturé
Meaning
thoroughly soaked or saturated with liquid
Example
His clothes were sodden after the heavy rain.
Ses vêtements étaient saturés après la forte pluie.
C1 adjective /ˈfuːlpruːf/

foolproof

infaillible
Meaning
Designed to be very easy to use or understand, leaving no possibility of failure or error.
Example
The new software has a foolproof installation process.
Le nouveau logiciel a un processus d'installation infaillible.
C2 noun /ˌɪmprəˈsɑːrioʊ/

impresario

impresario
Meaning
A person who organizes or finances concerts, plays, or operas.
Example
The impresario arranged a series of concerts for the rising star.
L'impresario a organisé une série de concerts pour la star montante.
A1 noun /tɜːrn/

Turn

tour; virage; opportunité;
Meaning
an act of moving something in a circular direction; a change of direction; an opportunity to do something
Example
It's your turn to speak at the meeting.
C'est ton tour de parler à la réunion.
A2 adjective /ˈsɪŋɡəl/

single

unique
Meaning
only one; not one of several
Example
She bought a single ticket for the concert.
Elle a acheté un seul billet pour le concert.
C2 noun /ˈɡoʊld.moʊ.hɜːr/

Goldmohur

Flamboyant
Meaning
A tropical tree with bright orange-red flowers, also known as flame tree or royal poinciana
Example
The goldmohur tree bloomed beautifully in the summer heat.
L'arbre flamboyant a fleuri magnifiquement sous la chaleur de l'été.
C1 adjective ˈzɛləs

zealous

ardent
Meaning
Having or showing great energy or enthusiasm in pursuit of a cause or objective; fervent.
Example
The zealous volunteers worked tirelessly for the cause.
Les volontaires ardents ont travaillé sans relâche pour la cause.
C1 noun /ˈæmplɪtjuːd/

amplitude

amplitude
Meaning
the maximum extent of a vibration or oscillation, or the size of something
Example
The amplitude of the earthquake was measured on the Richter scale.
L'amplitude du tremblement de terre a été mesurée sur l'échelle de Richter.
C1 adjective /ɪɡˈzæktɪŋ/

exacting

exigeant
Meaning
demanding a lot of effort, attention, or precision
Example
She is known for her exacting standards in design.
Elle est connue pour ses normes exigeantes en design.
B2 noun /ˈtæksˌpeɪər/

taxpayer

contribuable
Meaning
a person who pays tax to the government
Example
The taxpayers' money is used to fund public services.
L'argent des contribuables est utilisé pour financer les services publics.
C1 noun /ˈrɛpərˌtɔːri/

repertory

répertoire
Meaning
A collection of works that a company, performer, or institution regularly performs; also a storehouse of information or skills.
Example
The theater has a repertory of classic plays.
Le théâtre a un répertoire de pièces classiques.
C1 adjective /ˈpɑːm.pəs/

Pompous

pompeux; prétentieux; excessivement grandiose
Meaning
showing off; pretentious; overly grand
Example
His pompous attitude annoyed everyone at the meeting.
Son attitude pompeuse a agacé tout le monde à la réunion.
C2 noun /ˈɛndaɪv/ or /ˈɑːndɪv/

endive

endive
Meaning
A leafy vegetable belonging to the chicory family, often used in salads.
Example
She added fresh endive to the salad for a slightly bitter flavor.
Elle a ajouté de l'endive fraîche à la salade pour une saveur légèrement amère.
C1 noun /ɡræft/

Graft

greffon; corruption
Meaning
a shoot or twig inserted into a slit on the trunk of a living tree to form a new growth; corruption in politics or business
Example
The gardener used a graft to combine different varieties of apple trees.
Le jardinier a utilisé un greffon pour combiner différentes variétés de pommiers.
B2 noun

Patriot

patriote
A1 verb /treɪn/

Train

entraîner
Meaning
to teach skills or prepare for a specific activity
Example
Athletes train hard for the Olympics.
Les athlètes s'entraînent dur pour les Jeux Olympiques.
C2 noun /ˈɔːfəl/

offal

abats
Meaning
the internal organs and entrails of an animal used as food; waste parts
Example
The butcher prepared sausages using pork offal.
Le boucher a préparé des saucisses en utilisant des abats de porc.
B2 verb /dɪˈtekt/

detect

détecter
Meaning
to discover or identify the presence or existence of something; to notice something that is not immediately obvious
Example
The security system can detect movement in the building.
Le système de sécurité peut détecter le mouvement dans le bâtiment.
B2 noun /ˌpiːdiəˈtrɪʃən/

pediatrician

pédiatre
Meaning
a doctor who specializes in the medical care of children
Example
The pediatrician examined the child carefully.
Le pédiatre a examiné l'enfant avec soin.
B1 verb /kəˈmjuː.nɪ.keɪt/

communicate

communiquer
Meaning
to share or exchange information, ideas, or feelings
Example
They used gestures to communicate across the noisy room.
Ils ont utilisé des gestes pour communiquer à travers la pièce bruyante.
C1 noun /ˈfɔːrˌθɔːt/

forethought

prévoyance
Meaning
careful consideration of what will be necessary or may happen in the future
Example
With a little forethought, we could have avoided the problem.
Avec un peu de prévoyance, nous aurions pu éviter le problème.
C1 noun /ˌædʒ.ɪˈteɪ.ʃən/

agitation

agitation
Meaning
a state of nervousness, excitement, or unrest; or action of stirring up public concern
Example
There was visible agitation among the crowd.
Il y avait une agitation visible parmi la foule.
A1 noun /ˈbɜːrθ.deɪ/

birthday

anniversaire
Meaning
the anniversary of the day on which a person was born, typically celebrated annually
Example
We are planning a surprise birthday party for her.
Nous préparons une fête d'anniversaire surprise pour elle.
C1 adjective /ˌmʌltɪˈfæsɪtɪd/

multifaceted

multifacette
Meaning
Having many different aspects or features
Example
The multifaceted approach to the problem resulted in innovative solutions.
L'approche multifacette du problème a abouti à des solutions innovantes.
C2 verb /dɪˈræsɪˌneɪt/

deracinate

déraciner
Meaning
To uproot something completely; to displace people from their native environment or culture.
Example
The conflict deracinated many families from their homeland.
Le conflit a déraciné de nombreuses familles de leur terre natale.
B2 noun /ˈʃʌv.əl/

Shovel

pelle
Meaning
a tool with a broad flat blade and long handle used for digging and moving earth, snow, or other materials
Example
He grabbed a shovel to clear the snow from the driveway.
Il a pris une pelle pour nettoyer la neige de l'allée.
A2 noun /ˈpær.ət/

Parrot

perroquet
Meaning
a tropical bird with a curved beak and often brightly colored feathers that can be taught to speak
Example
The colorful parrot repeated everything the children said.
Le perroquet coloré a répété tout ce que les enfants ont dit.
C1 noun /ˈveɪpəraɪzər/

vaporizer

vaporisateur
Meaning
a device that turns a liquid into vapor, often for inhalation
Example
She used a vaporizer to ease her cough.
Elle a utilisé un vaporisateur pour soulager sa toux.
A2 noun/verb /ɪkˈsperɪmənt/

experiment

expérience
Meaning
a test or trial carried out to discover something or prove an idea
Example
The scientist conducted an experiment on plant growth.
Le scientifique a mené une expérience sur la croissance des plantes.
B2 noun/verb /preɪ/

prey

proie
Meaning
an animal hunted by another for food; to hunt and feed on
Example
Lions prey on zebras in the wild.
Les lions chassent les zèbres dans la nature.
C1 adjective /əˈrɛstɪŋ/

arresting

impressionnant
Meaning
Attracting attention in a striking or impressive way.
Example
The actress gave an arresting performance.
L'actrice a donné une performance impressionnante.
A1 noun /ˈɑːnti/

aunty

tante
Meaning
the sister of one’s father or mother; a term of respectful address for an older woman, especially in South Asian usage
Example
My aunty lives near our house and often visits us.
Ma tante habite près de notre maison et nous rend souvent visite.
B1 verb /ɪmˈprɛs/

impress

impressionner
Meaning
to cause someone to feel admiration or respect
Example
Her speech managed to impress the audience.
Son discours a réussi à impressionner le public.
C1 adjective /ˈʌndərhænd/

underhand

sournois
Meaning
done secretly and dishonestly; deceitful
Example
The politician was accused of using underhand tactics to win the election.
Le politicien a été accusé d'utiliser des tactiques sournoises pour gagner les élections.
B1 noun ˈmeʒ.ərz

measures

mesures
Meaning
A plan or course of action taken to achieve a particular purpose.
Example
Mitigation measures focus on reducing emissions.
Les mesures d'atténuation se concentrent sur la réduction des émissions.
C1 verb /ˈpɜːmieɪt/

permeate

perméer, envahir, se propager
Meaning
Spread throughout (something); pervade.
Example
The scent of fresh flowers permeated the entire room.
Le parfum des fleurs fraîches a pénétré toute la pièce.
A1 pronoun /ˈsʌmwʌn/

someone

quelqu'un
Meaning
a person, but not specifically known or named
Example
Someone left their umbrella in the hallway.
Quelqu'un a laissé son parapluie dans le couloir.
C2 verb /ɪnˈvaɪərən/

environ

entourer
Meaning
to surround or enclose; to encircle
Example
Mountains environ the small valley.
Les montagnes entourent la petite vallée.
A2 noun /ˌsɪtʃuˈeɪʃən/

Situation

situation; état des choses
Meaning
a set of circumstances in which one finds oneself; a state of affairs
Example
We need to assess the current situation before making any decisions.
Nous devons évaluer la situation actuelle avant de prendre des décisions.
C1 noun ˌdʒiːəˈlɒdʒɪkəl ˈstrʌktʃər

geological structure

structure géologique
Meaning
The arrangement and composition of rocks, minerals, and landforms in the Earth's crust.
Example
Scientists will study the Moon's geological structure.
Les scientifiques étudieront la structure géologique de la lune.
C1 noun /ˈævətɑːr/

avatar

avatar
Meaning
an icon or figure representing a person in digital contexts; in Hinduism, a divine incarnation
Example
She changed her social media avatar to a new cartoon image.
Elle a changé son avatar sur les réseaux sociaux pour une nouvelle image de dessin animé.
B2 adjective /ˈpoʊ.lər/

polar

polaire, relatif aux pôles
Meaning
relating to the North or South Pole; opposite in nature or character
Example
Penguins live in polar regions of the Earth.
Les pingouins vivent dans les régions polaires de la Terre.
B1 verb /tɛnd/

tend

avoir tendance à/s'occuper de
Meaning
To regularly behave in a particular way or to take care of something.
Example
She tends to wake up early in the morning.
Elle a tendance à se lever tôt le matin.
C1 verb/noun /ˈsɒldər/

solder

souder
Meaning
To join metal parts together by melting and putting a filler metal into the joint
Example
He soldered the broken wires back together.
Il a soudé les fils cassés.
C1 adjective /ˈluːdɪkrəs/

ludicrous

absurde
Meaning
so foolish, unreasonable, or out of place as to be amusing
Example
It is ludicrous to think the Earth is flat.
Il est absurde de penser que la Terre est plate.
C1 verb /ˈblækən/

blacken

noircir
Meaning
to make something black or darker; to stain, soil, or tarnish
Example
Smoke from the fire began to blacken the walls.
La fumée du feu a commencé à noircir les murs.
B1 adjective /ˈfriːkwənt/

Frequent

fréquent
Meaning
happening often; occurring regularly; repeated
Example
He makes frequent visits to his grandmother.
Il fait des visites fréquentes chez sa grand-mère.
A1 noun /siː/

Sea

mer
Meaning
a large body of salt water that covers most of the earth's surface
Example
We went swimming in the sea.
Nous sommes allés nager dans la mer.
C1 noun /krʊk/

crook

escroc
Meaning
a dishonest person, especially a criminal
Example
The police finally caught the crook who had been stealing cars.
La police a finalement attrapé l'escroc qui volait des voitures.
C1 noun /ˈdɒktrɪn/

doctrine

doctrine
Meaning
A set of beliefs or principles held and taught by a religious, political, or other group.
Example
The church follows a strict doctrine on moral values.
L'église suit une doctrine stricte sur les valeurs morales.
B2 adjective + noun æmˈbɪʃəs ɪnˈdevər

ambitious endeavor

effort ambitieux
Meaning
A bold and determined attempt to achieve something challenging.
Example
Artemis is an ambitious endeavor in space exploration.
Artemis est un effort ambitieux dans l'exploration spatiale.
C2 adjective /ɡælˈvænɪk/

galvanic

galvanique / intense
Meaning
Relating to electricity produced by chemical action; sudden and dramatic.
Example
The news had a galvanic effect on the audience.
La nouvelle a eu un effet galvanique sur l'audience.
B1 noun /ˈnɜːrsɪŋ/

nursing

soins infirmiers
Meaning
the profession or practice of caring for the sick or injured
Example
She is studying nursing to become a healthcare professional.
Elle étudie les soins infirmiers pour devenir une professionnelle de la santé.
C1 noun /suˈpriː.mə.si/

Supremacy

suprématie; autorité ou pouvoir suprême
Meaning
the state of being supreme; highest authority or power
Example
The country established naval supremacy in the region.
Le pays a établi la suprématie navale dans la région.
C1 verb /dɪsˈsætɪsfaɪ/

dissatisfy

décevoir
Meaning
to fail to please or meet expectations; to make someone unhappy
Example
The poor service dissatisfies many customers.
Le mauvais service déçoit de nombreux clients.
A2 noun /bɔːrd/

board

conseil d'administration
Meaning
a flat, thin, rectangular piece of material such as wood; also a group of people managing an organization
Example
The board decided to increase the budget.
Le conseil d'administration a décidé d'augmenter le budget.
C1 adjective /ˈspel.baʊnd/

Spellbound

fasciné; envoûté
Meaning
completely fascinated and unable to move or think about anything else; enchanted
Example
The children sat spellbound as the magician performed his tricks.
Les enfants sont restés fascinés tandis que le magicien faisait ses tours.
C2 verb /ˈæd.l̩/

addle

embrouiller
Meaning
To confuse or muddle someone’s mind.
Example
The complicated instructions only served to addle him.
Les instructions compliquées n'ont servi qu'à le rendre confus.
B2 adjective /ˈspiː.di/

Speedy

rapide; prompt; agile;
Meaning
moving or happening quickly; fast
Example
The speedy delivery service arrived within an hour.
Le service de livraison rapide est arrivé en une heure.