Casualty
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B2 noun /ˈkæʒ.u.əl.ti/

Casualty

victime; blessé; perte
Meaning
a person killed or injured in a war or accident; a victim of circumstances
Example
The hospital treated many casualties from the car accident.
L'hôpital a soigné de nombreuses victimes de l'accident de voiture.
B1 noun /ˈtʃæn.əl/

Channel

chaîne; canal; moyen;
Meaning
a television or radio station; a passage for water or other liquids; a means of communication
Example
The news channel provided live coverage of the important event.
La chaîne de nouvelles a fourni une couverture en direct de l'événement important.
C1 verb /ˈkæptɪveɪt/

captivate

captiver, attirer
Meaning
to attract and hold the interest of; to charm or fascinate
Example
Her beautiful voice captivated the audience.
Sa voix magnifique a captivé l'audience.
C1 noun /ˈsɪn.ɪˌsɪz.əm/

cynicism

cynisme
Meaning
An inclination to believe that people are motivated purely by self-interest; skepticism.
Example
His cynicism made it hard for him to trust anyone.
Son cynisme lui rendait difficile de faire confiance à quiconque.
B2 verb /kənˈfɜːr/

confer

consulter / accorder
Meaning
to discuss something important or to grant or bestow something
Example
The committee will confer to decide on the new policy.
Le comité se réunira pour décider de la nouvelle politique.
C1 adjective, noun /ˈkeɪnaɪn/

canine

relatif aux chiens / dents canines
Meaning
Relating to dogs; also refers to the pointed teeth in humans and animals
Example
The police trained a canine unit for search operations.
La police a formé une unité canine pour les opérations de recherche.
C1 noun /ˈkɑːrtrɪdʒ/

cartridge

cartouche
Meaning
A container holding a substance or device, such as ink for printers or bullets for firearms.
Example
The printer stopped working because the ink cartridge was empty.
L'imprimante a cessé de fonctionner car la cartouche d'encre était vide.
B1 noun /kəmˈpær.ɪ.sən/

Comparison

comparaison
Meaning
the act of examining the similarities and differences between two or more things
Example
The teacher made a comparison between the two poems to show their different styles.
Le professeur a fait une comparaison entre les deux poèmes pour montrer leurs styles différents.
C2 adjective /ˈsɪlieɪtɪd/

ciliated

ciliée
Meaning
Having minute hairlike projections (cilia) on the surface of cells or organisms.
Example
The ciliated cells in the respiratory tract help move mucus out of the lungs.
Les cellules ciliées dans le tractus respiratoire aident à déplacer le mucus hors des poumons.
B1 noun, verb /ˈkɒndʌkt/ (noun), /kənˈdʌkt/ (verb)

conduct

comportement / conduire
Meaning
to organize or carry out; or a person's behavior
Example
The teacher conducted the exam fairly.
L'enseignant a dirigé l'examen de manière équitable.
A1 adjective /koʊld/

Cold

froid; glacé; distant;
Meaning
having a low temperature; lacking warmth; unfriendly
Example
The cold winter wind made everyone shiver.
Le vent froid de l'hiver a fait frissonner tout le monde.
B2 noun /kəmˈpɑːrt.mənt/

Compartment

compartiment
Meaning
a separate section or division of a larger space, especially in a train
Example
We found seats in the first-class compartment.
Nous avons trouvé des sièges dans le compartiment de première classe.
B1 adjective /kənˈvɪnst/

convinced

convaincu
Meaning
completely certain or sure about something
Example
She was convinced that he was telling the truth.
Elle était convaincue qu'il disait la vérité.
B1 adjective ˈkruː.ʃəl

crucial

crucial
Meaning
Decisive or critical, especially in the success or failure of something.
Example
Fault-tolerance is crucial for reliability.
La tolérance aux pannes est cruciale pour la fiabilité.
C1 noun, verb /kriːs/

crease

pli, ride
Meaning
a line or fold produced on paper, cloth, or other material; to make a fold or wrinkle
Example
She ironed the shirt carefully to remove every crease.
Elle a repassé la chemise soigneusement pour enlever chaque pli.
B1 noun sɪvɪˈlɪzeɪʃənz

civilizations

civilisations
Meaning
The stage of human social development and organization that is considered most advanced.
Example
Ancient civilizations developed complex systems of governance.
Les civilisations anciennes ont développé des systèmes complexes de gouvernance.
B2 noun /ˈkʊriər/

courier

livreur
Meaning
a person or company that delivers messages, packages, or mail
Example
The courier delivered the documents on time.
Le livreur a livré les documents à temps.
C1 noun /kəˈθɑːrsɪs/

catharsis

catharsis
Meaning
The process of releasing strong emotions, providing relief.
Example
Writing in her diary was a form of catharsis for her.
Écrire dans son journal était une forme de catharsis pour elle.
C2 adjective /krɪˈpʌskjʊlər/

crepuscular

relatif au crépuscule
Meaning
relating to twilight or active during twilight
Example
Bats are crepuscular animals, most active at dawn and dusk.
Les chauves-souris sont des animaux crépusculaires, les plus actifs à l'aube et au crépuscule.
C2 noun /kəˈrɑːləri/

corollary

conséquence directe ou naturelle
Meaning
a direct or natural consequence or result
Example
One corollary of the new policy was increased public awareness.
Une conséquence de la nouvelle politique a été l'augmentation de la sensibilisation du public.
B2 adjective /kənˈdʒɛstɪd/

congested

congestionné
Meaning
Blocked up with too much traffic or crowding.
Example
The road was congested during rush hour.
La route était congestionnée pendant l'heure de pointe.
B2 noun ˈkɔːrəl ˈriːfs

Coral Reefs

récifs coralliens
Meaning
Underwater structures made from calcium carbonate secreted by corals, forming diverse marine ecosystems.
Example
Saint Martin's Island is known for its coral reefs.
L'île de Saint-Martin est connue pour ses récifs coralliens.
C1 noun /krʊk/

crook

escroc
Meaning
a dishonest person, especially a criminal
Example
The police finally caught the crook who had been stealing cars.
La police a finalement attrapé l'escroc qui volait des voitures.
C2 noun /ˈkʌstərd ˈæpəl/

Custard Apple

pomme à la crème
Meaning
a tropical fruit with sweet creamy white flesh and black seeds
Example
The custard apple has a sweet and creamy texture.
La pomme à la crème a une texture douce et crémeuse.
C1 verb /ˈkætəˌlaɪz/

catalyze

catalyser
Meaning
To cause or accelerate a reaction or change.
Example
The new law catalyzed reforms across the sector.
La nouvelle loi a catalysé des réformes dans tout le secteur.
B2 verb /kənˈsɜːrv/

conserve

conserver
Meaning
to protect something from harm or destruction; to use resources carefully to avoid waste
Example
We must conserve water during the dry season.
Nous devons conserver l'eau pendant la saison sèche.
C2 noun /ˌkæstɪˈɡeɪʃən/

castigation

critique sévère ou punition
Meaning
Severe criticism or punishment for wrongdoing.
Example
The manager’s harsh castigation shocked the entire team.
La sévère castigation du manager a choqué toute l'équipe.
C2 noun /ʃɪˈkeɪnəri/

chicanery

tromperie
Meaning
The use of trickery or deception to achieve a purpose.
Example
The politician was accused of chicanery to win the election.
Le politicien a été accusé de tromperie pour gagner l'élection.
C1 noun /ˈkɑr.nɪdʒ/

Carnage

carnage
Meaning
the killing of a large number of people; widespread slaughter
Example
The battlefield was filled with carnage after the brutal war.
Le champ de bataille était rempli de carnage après la guerre brutale.
A2 noun /kæʃ/

cash

liquide
Meaning
money in the form of bills or coins, not checks or credit
Example
She paid the bill in cash.
Elle a payé la facture en liquide.
B2 noun /ˌkɒndɛnˈseɪʃən/

condensation

condensation
Meaning
The process of water vapor changing into liquid; also, the act of making something more concise.
Example
Condensation formed on the windows during the cold night.
La condensation s'est formée sur les fenêtres pendant la nuit froide.
A2 noun /ˈkær.ɪk.tər/

Character

caractère; personnalité; trait;
Meaning
the mental and moral qualities distinctive to an individual; a person in a novel, play, or film
Example
She showed great character by helping others during the crisis.
Elle a montré un grand caractère en aidant les autres pendant la crise.
C1 verb /ˌkɒm.pɑːtˈmen.təl.aɪz/

compartmentalize

compartimenter
Meaning
To divide into sections or categories; to separate things into compartments.
Example
To increase efficiency, he compartmentalized his work tasks.
Pour augmenter l'efficacité, il a compartimenté ses tâches de travail.
C2 verb /kənˈvɑːlv/

convolve

enrouler ou tordre ensemble; enrouler ou entrelacer
Meaning
to roll or twist together; to coil or entwine
Example
The vines convolve around the tree trunk.
Les vignes s'enroulent autour du tronc de l'arbre.
B2 noun ˈkæp.ɪ.təl.ɪ.zəm

capitalism

capitalisme
Meaning
An economic system where trade, industry and production are privately owned and operated for profit.
Example
Capitalism encourages innovation and competition.
Le capitalisme favorise l'innovation et la concurrence.
A1 noun /ker/

Care

soin; protection; attention
Meaning
the provision of what is necessary for health, welfare, or protection
Example
The nurse provided excellent care for the elderly patients.
L'infirmière a fourni d'excellents soins aux patients âgés.
B1 noun /ˈkɔːlɪˌflaʊər/

Cauliflower

chou-fleur
Meaning
white vegetable with a compact head of undeveloped flower buds
Example
Roasted cauliflower makes a delicious and healthy side dish.
Le chou-fleur rôti fait un accompagnement délicieux et sain.
B1 adjective /ˈtʃælɪndʒɪŋ/

challenging

difficile
Meaning
difficult in a way that tests one's abilities
Example
The mountain climb was challenging but rewarding.
L'escalade de la montagne était difficile mais gratifiante.
C2 noun /ˈkloʊtʃər/

cloture

procédure de cloture
Meaning
a procedure for ending a debate and taking a vote.
Example
The Senate invoked cloture to end the lengthy debate.
Le Sénat a invoqué la clôture pour mettre fin au débat long.
B2 noun /ˌkɒn.tɪˈnjuː.ɪ.ti/

continuity

continuité
Meaning
the state of being continuous or connected; consistency over time
Example
Maintaining continuity in leadership is essential for organizational stability.
Maintenir la continuité dans le leadership est essentiel pour la stabilité organisationnelle.
B2 adjective kɒnˈtek.stju.əl

contextual

contextuel
Meaning
Depending on or relating to the circumstances or setting; context-dependent.
Example
Contextual meaning changes depending on usage.
La signification contextuelle change en fonction de l'utilisation.
C1 adjective kənˈten.ʃəs

contentious

controversé
Meaning
Causing or likely to cause an argument; controversial.
Example
The contentious issue divided global leaders.
La question controversée a divisé les dirigeants mondiaux.
B2 noun /ˈkaʊnsɪlər/

councilor

conseiller
Meaning
an elected member of a council, especially a local government body
Example
The councilor held a public meeting to discuss local issues.
Le conseiller a organisé une réunion publique pour discuter des problèmes locaux.
B2 verb /ˈkɑːmpənseɪt/

compensate

compenser
Meaning
to give something to make up for loss or damage; to counterbalance
Example
The company will compensate employees for overtime work.
L'entreprise compensera les employés pour le travail supplémentaire.
C1 noun koʊˈhisɪv ˈjunɪts

cohesive units

unités cohésives
Meaning
Groups or organizations that work together as unified wholes, with members closely bound together.
Example
Early humans formed cohesive units for survival.
Les premiers humains ont formé des unités cohésives pour survivre.
B2 noun /kəˈmɪʃənər/

commissioner

commissaire
Meaning
an official in charge of a particular department or area
Example
The police commissioner addressed the media about the incident.
Le commissaire de police a informé les médias à propos de l'incident.
B2 verb /ˈklæsɪfaɪ/

classify

classer
Meaning
to arrange or organize into categories or groups
Example
The librarian classified the books by subject.
Le bibliothécaire a classé les livres par sujet.
B2 noun /kɜːrv/

Curve

courbe
Meaning
a line or outline that gradually deviates from being straight; a bend or turn in a road or path
Example
The driver slowed down as he approached the sharp curve in the mountain road.
Le conducteur a ralenti en approchant de la courbe aiguë dans la route de montagne.
C1 noun /ˈkaʊn.tə.nəns/

countenance

visage, expression; soutien
Meaning
a person's face or expression; support or approval
Example
Her cheerful countenance brightened the room.
Son visage joyeux a éclairé la pièce.
B1 noun /ˌkæl.kjəˈleɪ.ʃən/

Calculation

calcul
Meaning
a mathematical determination of the size or number of something
Example
His calculation of the total cost was accurate to the penny.
Son calcul du coût total était précis au centime près.
B2 adjective /ˈtʃær.ɪ.tə.bəl/

Charitable

charitable; généreux; bienveillant
Meaning
generous in giving to those in need; showing kindness
Example
She is known for her charitable work in the community.
Elle est connue pour son travail charitable dans la communauté.
B1 verb /tʃɒp/

chop

couper
Meaning
to cut with a sharp tool; to cut into pieces
Example
She chops vegetables for dinner.
Elle coupe des légumes pour le dîner.
C2 noun /ˈkloʊðiər/

clothier

marchand de vêtements
Meaning
a person or company that makes, sells, or deals in clothes.
Example
The town’s clothier displayed fine suits in his shop window.
Le marchand de vêtements de la ville a exposé de beaux costumes dans la vitrine de son magasin.
C2 noun /kiˌɑːrəˈskjʊəroʊ/

chiaroscuro

contraste dramatique entre lumière et ombre
Meaning
The use of strong contrasts between light and dark in art or literature to create a dramatic effect.
Example
The artist's painting used chiaroscuro to highlight the figure's face.
Le tableau de l'artiste a utilisé le chiaroscuro pour mettre en valeur le visage de la figure.
C2 verb /kənˈstrɪndʒ/

constringe

contracter
Meaning
to cause to shrink or contract; to constrict
Example
The medicine helped constringe the swollen tissues.
Le médicament a aidé à contracter les tissus enflés.
C1 adjective, verb, noun /ˈkaʊntərfɪt/

counterfeit

contrefait
Meaning
made to look like something genuine in order to deceive
Example
The police seized a batch of counterfeit currency.
La police a saisi un lot de billets contrefaits.
B2 noun /ˈkaʊn.səl.ɪŋ/

counselling

conseil psychologique
Meaning
the process of giving professional guidance and support to help someone deal with personal, social, psychological, or career-related problems
Example
She decided to seek counselling to manage stress and anxiety.
Elle a choisi le conseil psychologique pour gérer le stress.
C2 adjective /kəˈnaɪ.vɪŋ/

conniving

rusé
Meaning
secretly scheming or plotting to help in wrongdoing
Example
He is a conniving politician who manipulates people for power.
C'est un homme politique rusé qui manipule les gens pour le pouvoir.
B2 adjective /ˈkæθəlɪk/

catholic

catholique
Meaning
Including a wide variety; all-embracing; relating to the Roman Catholic Church.
Example
She has catholic tastes in music, enjoying everything from jazz to opera.
Elle a des goûts catholiques en musique, appréciant tout, du jazz à l'opéra.
C2 noun /ˈkɑr.mɪn/

Carmine

carmine
Meaning
a vivid crimson color; a red pigment obtained from cochineal
Example
The artist mixed carmine with white to create a beautiful pink shade.
L'artiste a mélangé le carmine avec du blanc pour créer une belle teinte rose.
C1 noun /ˈʃæsi/

chassis

châssis du véhicule
Meaning
the base frame of a vehicle or other wheeled machine
Example
The mechanic examined the car's chassis for damage.
Le mécanicien a examiné le châssis de la voiture pour détecter des dommages.
B1 noun /sɛl/

cell

cellule / cellule
Meaning
a small basic unit of life; or a small enclosed space like a prison room
Example
The prisoner was locked in a small cell.
Le prisonnier a été enfermé dans une petite cellule.
B2 noun /ˈkɑn.ʃəns/

Conscience

conscience, morale, sens du bien et du mal
Meaning
an inner feeling or voice viewed as acting as a guide to the rightness or wrongness of one's behavior
Example
His conscience prevented him from lying to his parents about his grades.
Sa conscience l'empêchait de mentir à ses parents au sujet de ses notes.
C1 noun /ˈkʌˈs.tə.di/

Custody

garde; détention; tutelle
Meaning
the protective care or guardianship of someone or something; imprisonment or detention
Example
After the divorce, they shared custody of their children equally.
Après le divorce, ils ont partagé la garde de leurs enfants également.
A1 verb /kɔːst/

cost

coûter
Meaning
to have a price of; to require payment; to cause loss
Example
This book will cost twenty dollars.
Ce livre coûtera vingt dollars.
A2 noun /ˈkaʊ.bɔɪ/

Cowboy

cow-boy
Meaning
a man who tends cattle on a ranch, especially in the western United States
Example
The cowboy rode his horse across the vast prairie to find the cattle.
Le cow-boy monta son cheval à travers la vaste prairie pour trouver le bétail.
B2 adjective /kəmˈpɛlɪŋ/

compelling

captivant
Meaning
Evoking interest, attention, or admiration in a powerful way.
Example
She gave a compelling speech about climate change.
Elle a donné un discours captivant sur le changement climatique.
C1 noun ˌkæp.ɪ.təl.aɪˈzeɪ.ʃən

capitalization

capitalisation
Meaning
The total market value of a company's shares or the provision of capital for a company or activity.
Example
The company's capitalization reached $1 billion in market value.
La capitalisation de l'entreprise a atteint 1 milliard de dollars en valeur marchande.
A2 adjective /kjuːt/

cute

mignon
Meaning
attractive in a pretty or endearing way
Example
That puppy is so cute!
Ce chiot est tellement mignon !
C2 noun /kənˌdʒiː.niˈæl.ə.t̬i/

congeniality

affabilité
Meaning
The quality of being pleasant, friendly, and easy to talk to.
Example
His congeniality makes him popular among friends.
Son affabilité le rend populaire parmi ses amis.
B2 noun, verb /kjuːb/

cube

cube
Meaning
As a noun: a solid object with six equal square faces. As a verb: to cut food into small square pieces.
Example
She put a sugar cube in her tea.
Elle a mis un cube de sucre dans son thé.
A2 noun /ˈkɔːrnər/

corner

coin
Meaning
the place where two edges or sides meet
Example
The store is just around the corner.
Le magasin est juste au coin.
C1 verb /ˈkælɪˌbreɪt/

calibrate

calibrer
Meaning
To adjust or mark something so it can be used accurately; to standardize.
Example
The technician calibrated the machine before starting the experiment.
Le technicien a calibré la machine avant de commencer l'expérience.
B2 noun /kroʊ/

Crow

corbeau
Meaning
a large black bird known for its intelligence and harsh call
Example
The crow cawed loudly from the tree branch.
Le corbeau croassa bruyamment depuis la branche de l'arbre.
B2 noun /kɔːrps/

corpse

cadavre
Meaning
a dead body, especially of a human
Example
The police discovered a corpse in the abandoned house.
La police a découvert un cadavre dans la maison abandonnée.
B2 noun kənˌtæm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən

contamination

contamination
Meaning
The process of making something less pure by exposure to or addition of a poisonous or polluting substance.
Example
Contamination of air leads to health issues.
La contamination de l'air cause des problèmes de santé.
C2 noun /kəˈpærɪsən/

caparison

revêtement orné pour un cheval ; vêtements ou décoration riche et élaborée
Meaning
an ornamental covering for a horse; rich and elaborate clothing or decoration
Example
The king’s horse was adorned with a golden caparison.
Le cheval du roi était décoré d'un caparison en or.
C1 adjective /ˌkɒnvəˈlɛsnt/

convalescent

en convalescence, en rétablissement après une maladie ou un traitement médical
Meaning
recovering from an illness or medical treatment
Example
The hospital has a special ward for convalescent patients.
L'hôpital dispose d'une salle spéciale pour les patients en convalescence.
B2 adjective /ˈsɛl.əˌbreɪ.tɪd/

celebrated

célébré
Meaning
Widely known and praised; famous for an achievement.
Example
He is a celebrated author in the field of literature.
Il est un auteur célébré dans le domaine de la littérature.
A1 noun /ˈsɪti/

city

ville
Meaning
a large town or an urban area with its own government
Example
Dhaka is the largest city in Bangladesh.
Paris est la plus grande ville de France.
C1 adjective ˈkrɪp.tɪk

cryptic

cryptique, énigmatique, obscure
Meaning
Having a meaning that is mysterious or obscure; difficult to understand.
Example
The message was cryptic and hard to decipher.
Le message était cryptique et difficile à déchiffrer.
B1 adjective /ˈsɪvəl/

civil

civil
Meaning
Relating to ordinary citizens and their concerns, or being polite and courteous.
Example
They settled the matter through civil discussion.
Ils ont réglé la question par une discussion civile.
C1 adjective /ˈkoʊvərt/

covert

secret
Meaning
hidden, secret, or not openly acknowledged
Example
The spy conducted a covert operation behind enemy lines.
L'espion a mené une opération secrète derrière les lignes ennemies.
C1 noun /koʊˈɜː.ʃən/

coercion

coercition
Meaning
The practice of persuading someone to do something by using force or threats.
Example
Cybercriminals use coercion to extract information.
Les cybercriminels utilisent la coercition pour obtenir des informations.
C2 noun /ˈkaɪrəˌmænsi/

chiromancy

chiromancie
Meaning
The practice of predicting the future by interpreting the lines on the palms of hands; palmistry.
Example
The old woman practiced chiromancy and told fortunes for travelers.
La vieille femme pratiquait la chiromancie et prédisait l'avenir des voyageurs.
C2 noun /kænˈtɑː.tə/

cantata

cantate
Meaning
A vocal composition with instrumental accompaniment, typically in several movements, often involving a choir.
Example
The choir performed a beautiful cantata during the festival.
Le chœur a interprété une belle cantate pendant le festival.
C1 noun /ʃæˈtoʊ/

chateau

château français
Meaning
a large French country house or castle
Example
They stayed in a beautiful chateau in France.
Ils sont restés dans un magnifique château en France.
B1 verb /tʃuː/

chew

bonheur
Meaning
to bite food into smaller pieces with your teeth before swallowing it
Example
You should chew your food properly to help with digestion.
Elle n'a pas pu cacher son bonheur lorsqu'elle a reçu le prix.
B2 noun /ˌkovuːɪɡˈzɪs.təns/

Co-existence

coexistence
Meaning
the state of existing together at the same time or in the same place; peaceful cohabitation
Example
The peaceful co-existence of different cultures makes this city unique.
La coexistence pacifique de différentes cultures rend cette ville unique.
B2 noun /ˈkreɪ.dəl/

Cradle

berceau
Meaning
a small bed for a baby, especially one that rocks from side to side
Example
The baby sleeps peacefully in the cradle.
Le bébé dort paisiblement dans le berceau.
C2 noun /kjuːˈpɪdəti/

cupidity

cupidité
Meaning
Excessive desire for wealth or possessions; greed.
Example
The king's downfall was caused by his cupidity.
La chute du roi a été causée par sa cupidité.
B1 noun /ˈkɜː.ri/

Curry

curry
Meaning
a dish of meat, vegetables, etc., cooked in an Indian-style sauce with hot spices
Example
I love spicy chicken curry with rice.
J'adore le curry de poulet épicé avec du riz.
A2 verb /kənˈtɪn.juːd/

continued

continué
Meaning
Kept happening or carried on without stopping.
Example
She continued working despite the challenges.
Elle a continué de travailler malgré les défis.
C2 adjective /ˈkʌvətəs/

covetous

convoiteux
Meaning
having or showing a strong desire for someone else's possessions
Example
She gave him a covetous look when he showed his new watch.
Elle lui lança un regard convoiteux lorsqu'il montra sa nouvelle montre.
A2 verb /kənˈteɪn/

contain

contenir
Meaning
to have or include within; to restrain or control
Example
This box contains important documents.
Cette boîte contient des documents importants.
B2 noun /ˈkæs.ər.oʊl bɑːks/

Casserole box

boîte à casserole
Meaning
a covered dish used for cooking and serving food, especially baked dishes
Example
The casserole box kept the food warm during the dinner party.
La boîte à casserole a gardé la nourriture chaude pendant la fête du dîner.
B1 noun /kluː/

clue

indice
Meaning
a piece of evidence or information used in the detection of a crime or solving a puzzle
Example
The detective found a clue near the window.
Le détective a trouvé un indice près de la fenêtre.
C2 adjective /kənˈsʌmptɪv/

consumptive

consumptif
Meaning
Relating to or characterized by consumption; historically used to describe someone suffering from tuberculosis.
Example
The doctor advised against consumptive habits.
Le médecin a déconseillé les habitudes consumptives.
C1 verb /kənˈfleɪt/

conflate

fusionner / combiner
Meaning
To combine two or more things, often confusingly, into one.
Example
The article tends to conflate facts with opinions.
L'article a tendance à fusionner les faits avec les opinions.
B2 verb /klɪŋ/

cling

bonheur
Meaning
to hold on tightly to someone or something
Example
The child clung to his mother in fear.
Elle ne pouvait pas cacher son bonheur lorsqu'elle a reçu le prix.
C1 noun /ˈkruːsɪbəl/

crucible

épreuve sévère, creuset
Meaning
a severe test or trial; a container used for heating substances to very high temperatures
Example
The team emerged stronger from the crucible of competition.
L'équipe est sortie plus forte de l'épreuve de la compétition.
C2 adjective /kəˈmɛnʃərət/

commensurate

proportionnel
Meaning
corresponding in size, degree, or extent; proportionate
Example
Salary will be commensurate with experience.
Le salaire sera proportionnel à l'expérience.
A2 noun/verb /kɔːz/

cause

cause / causer
Meaning
a person or thing that gives rise to an action, phenomenon, or condition; to make something happen
Example
The heavy rain caused flooding in the city.
La forte pluie a causé des inondations dans la ville.
B2 adverb /ˈtʃiːfli/

chiefly

principalement
Meaning
mainly; primarily
Example
The festival is celebrated chiefly by young people.
Le festival est célébré principalement par les jeunes.
C2 noun /kənˈtrɪʃ.ən/

contrition

contrition
Meaning
the state of feeling remorseful and repentant
Example
His contrition was evident after the apology.
Sa contrition était évidente après des excuses.
C2 noun /ˈkɔːrmərənt/

cormorant

un grand oiseau marin noir qui attrape des poissons
Meaning
a large black sea bird that catches fish by diving
Example
The cormorant perched on the rock, drying its wings after a dive.
Le cormoran était perché sur la roche, séchant ses ailes après un plongeon.
B2 noun ˈkrɪt.ɪ.kəl ˈθɪŋ.kɪŋ

critical thinking

pensée critique
Meaning
The objective analysis and evaluation of an issue in order to form a judgment.
Example
Critical thinking helps in making informed decisions.
La pensée critique aide à prendre des décisions éclairées.
A2 verb /kaʊnt/

count

compter
Meaning
to determine the total number of something
Example
She carefully counted the money on the table.
Elle a soigneusement compté l'argent sur la table.
A1 noun /koʊld drɪŋk/

Cold drink

boisson froide
Meaning
A chilled beverage; a refreshing drink served cold
Example
I ordered a cold drink to beat the summer heat.
J'ai commandé une boisson froide pour échapper à la chaleur de l'été.
C2 adjective /kəˈkɒfənəs/

cacophonous

cacophonique
Meaning
Producing a harsh, discordant mixture of sounds.
Example
The cacophonous sounds of the city kept her awake all night.
Les bruits cacophoniques de la ville l'ont empêchée de dormir toute la nuit.
B1 noun ˈtʃeə.pɜː.sən

chairperson

président
Meaning
A person who is in charge of a meeting or organization; the presiding officer of a committee, board, or organization.
Example
The chairperson ensures procedural integrity.
Le président assure l'intégrité des procédures.
C2 noun /ˈkɒn.tjʊ.mə.li/

contumely

insulte, mépris
Meaning
insulting or humiliating treatment
Example
He endured the contumely of his colleagues with patience.
Il a supporté le mépris de ses collègues avec patience.
C1 adjective /kəmˈplɪsɪt/

complicit

complice (dans un crime)
Meaning
involved with others in an illegal activity or wrongdoing
Example
He was found complicit in the crime.
Il a été trouvé complice dans le crime.
C2 adjective /ˌkloʊs ˈhɔːld/

close-hauled

naviguer aussi près que possible du vent
Meaning
of a sailing ship, sailing as nearly as possible towards the direction from which the wind is blowing.
Example
The yacht was close-hauled as it cut through the waves.
Le yacht était naviguant aussi près que possible du vent en coupant les vagues.
C1 adjective /kəˈmɛmərətɪv/

commemorative

commémoratif
Meaning
Serving as a reminder or in honor of a person or event.
Example
They issued a commemorative coin for the independence anniversary.
Ils ont émis une pièce commémorative pour l'anniversaire de l'indépendance.
B1 noun /ˈsɜːr.kəmˌsˌtæn.sɪz/

Circumstances

circonstances
Meaning
the conditions that affect a situation, action, or event; facts or conditions connected with or relevant to an event
Example
Under normal circumstances, she would have arrived by now.
Dans des circonstances normales, elle serait déjà arrivée.
A2 noun /ˈkæptɪn/

Captain

capitaine
Meaning
a military officer of middle rank; the person in command of a ship or aircraft
Example
The captain ordered his troops to advance forward.
Le capitaine a ordonné à ses troupes d'avancer.
C2 verb /kənˈtjuːz/

contuse

contusionner
Meaning
to bruise by striking or hitting
Example
He contused his arm when he fell off the bike.
Il s'est contusionné le bras lorsqu'il est tombé de son vélo.
C1 noun/verb kənˈdʒɛk.tʃər

conjecture

conjecture
Meaning
An opinion or conclusion formed on the basis of incomplete information; to form an opinion or supposition about something.
Example
The scientist's conjecture was later proven true.
La conjecture du scientifique a ensuite été prouvée juste.
C1 noun /ˈkæptər/

captor

captif
Meaning
a person or group who has captured someone or something
Example
The hostage managed to escape from his captors.
L'otage a réussi à s'échapper de ses ravisseurs.
A2 noun /kæp/

Cap

casquette
Meaning
a head covering with a visor; a protective covering
Example
He wore a baseball cap to protect himself from the sun.
Il portait une casquette de baseball pour se protéger du soleil.