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B2 noun /ˈkænvəs/

canvas

toile
Meaning
A strong, coarse cloth used for tents, sails, or painting.
Example
The artist prepared a canvas for his new painting.
L'artiste a préparé une toile pour sa nouvelle peinture.
B1 noun /ˈbriːðɪŋ/

breathing

bonheur
Meaning
the process of taking air into and expelling it from the lungs.
Example
Deep breathing can help you relax.
Elle ne pouvait pas cacher son bonheur quand elle a reçu le prix.
C1 verb /weɪv/

waive

bonheur
Meaning
to refrain from insisting on or enforcing something, especially a right or claim
Example
She decided to waive her right to a lawyer.
Elle n'a pas pu cacher son bonheur lorsqu'elle a reçu le prix.
B1 adjective /ˈfɔːrmər/

former

ancien
Meaning
Having been previously in a particular role or position.
Example
He is a former president of the association.
Il est un ancien président de l'association.
B1 noun freɪzɪz

phrases

phrases
Meaning
A small group of words standing together as a conceptual unit, typically forming a component of a clause.
Example
Learn common phrases for daily use.
Apprenez des phrases courantes pour un usage quotidien.
B2 adjective /ˈvʌl.ɡər/

Vulgar

vulgaire; grossier; impoli;
Meaning
lacking sophistication or good taste; crude and offensive in language or behavior
Example
His vulgar language offended everyone at the dinner party.
Son langage vulgaire a offensé tout le monde à la fête.
B2 noun /ˈskɒl.ər/

Scholar

érudit; académicien
Meaning
a person who has studied a subject for a long time and knows a lot about it; an academic
Example
The renowned scholar published several books on ancient history.
Le célèbre érudit a publié plusieurs livres sur l'histoire ancienne.
C2 noun /ˈkɒn.kɔːd/

concord

accord ou harmonie
Meaning
Agreement or harmony between people or groups.
Example
The leaders worked towards international concord.
Les dirigeants ont travaillé pour la concorde internationale.
C2 noun/verb /ˈkætˌkɔːl/

catcall

sifflements ou cris de désapprobation ou de harcèlement sexuel
Meaning
A loud whistle or shout of disapproval or sexual harassment directed at someone.
Example
The actress ignored the catcalls from the crowd.
L'actrice a ignoré les catcalls de la foule.
C2 adjective /ˈræfɪʃ/

raffish

non conventionnel et légèrement discrédité mais attrayant
Meaning
unconventional and slightly disreputable but attractive
Example
He had a raffish charm that made him popular in the city.
Il avait un charme raffish qui le rendait populaire dans la ville.
B1 noun ˈplæt.fɔːrmz

platforms

plates-formes, environnements logiciels ou matériels
Meaning
Computing environments where software applications can be developed and run.
Example
Different platforms offer diverse digital solutions.
Différentes plates-formes offrent diverses solutions numériques.
B2 adjective /dɪˈsɛptɪv/

deceptive

trompeur
Meaning
Giving an appearance or impression different from the truth; misleading.
Example
Appearances can be deceptive.
Les apparences peuvent être trompeuses.
C2 adjective /ˈkreɪvən/

craven

lâche
Meaning
cowardly; lacking courage
Example
He was too craven to stand up for his beliefs.
Il était trop lâche pour défendre ses croyances.
B2 noun /ˈdræɡ.ən.flaɪ/

Dragon-fly

libellule
Meaning
a large insect with four transparent wings that lives near water
Example
The dragonfly hovered over the pond.
La libellule planait au-dessus de l'étang.
C1 noun vaɪˈtæləti

vitality

vitalité, énergie
Meaning
The state of being strong and active; energy.
Example
The vitality of the team helped them succeed in the competition.
La vitalité de l'équipe les a aidés à réussir dans la compétition.
B2 noun /ɪnˈfek.ʃən/

Infection

infection
Meaning
the process of infecting or the state of being infected; a disease caused by germs
Example
The doctor prescribed antibiotics to treat the bacterial infection in her throat.
Le médecin a prescrit des antibiotiques pour traiter l'infection bactérienne dans sa gorge.
C1 verb /koʊˈhæbɪt/

cohabit

cohabiter
Meaning
To live together, often as partners without being married.
Example
They decided to cohabit before getting married.
Ils ont décidé de cohabiter avant de se marier.
B2 noun /ˈɡuːs.ber.i/

Gooseberry

groseille
Meaning
a small round green or red berry that grows on a thorny bush
Example
Gooseberries are rich in vitamin C and make excellent jams.
Les groseilles sont riches en vitamine C et font d'excellentes confitures.
C2 noun /ˈlɑːrdər/

larder

garde-manger
Meaning
A place, such as a pantry, where food is stored.
Example
The larder was full of fresh bread and cheese.
Le garde-manger était plein de pain frais et de fromage.
A1 noun /praɪs/

price

prix
Meaning
the amount of money expected, required, or given for something
Example
The price of the car has increased recently.
Le prix de la voiture a augmenté récemment.
A2 verb /bɪˈheɪv/

behave

se comporter
Meaning
to act in a particular way; to conduct oneself
Example
Children should behave well in school.
Les enfants doivent bien se comporter à l'école.
C2 noun /kwaɪˈiːtəs/

Quietus

mort ou quelque chose qui cause la mort ; une résolution finale
Meaning
death or something that causes death; a final settlement
Example
The hero received his quietus from the villain's sword.
Le héros a reçu son quietus de l'épée du vilain.
A2 noun /taɪər/

tire

pneu
Meaning
a rubber covering around a wheel
Example
The car’s tire burst on the highway.
Le pneu de la voiture a éclaté sur l'autoroute.
A1 adverb /æz/

As

comme; parce que; pendant que
Meaning
in the way that; while; because; during the time that
Example
As you grow older, you become wiser.
À mesure que vous vieillissez, vous devenez plus sage.
C2 noun /dɪˈdʒɛnərəsi/

degeneracy

dégénérescence
Meaning
The state of decline or deterioration, often in moral, cultural, or physical qualities.
Example
The novel portrays the moral degeneracy of a corrupt society.
Le roman dépeint la dégénérescence morale d'une société corrompue.
B1 adverb /rɪˈpiː.tɪd.li/

Repeatedly

répétitivement; plusieurs fois
Meaning
again and again; many times over
Example
He repeatedly asked for help with his homework.
Il a demandé de l'aide à plusieurs reprises pour ses devoirs.
C1 noun /ˌɪməˈrælɪti/

immorality

immoralité
Meaning
the quality of being immoral; behavior that violates accepted moral standards
Example
The community condemned the immorality of the corrupt officials.
La communauté a condamné l’immoralité des fonctionnaires corrompus.
C1 adjective /ˈlɛdʒəbl/

legible

lisible
Meaning
clear enough to read
Example
Her handwriting was barely legible.
Son écriture était presque illisible.
B2 noun ɪkˈspænʃən

expansion

expansion
Meaning
The action of becoming larger or more extensive; growth or development.
Example
Volunteering helps in the expansion of social networks.
Le bénévolat aide à l'expansion des réseaux sociaux.
A1 verb /ˈænsər/

answer

répondre
Meaning
to respond to a question; to reply; to solve
Example
She will answer the phone when it rings.
Elle répondra au téléphone quand il sonnera.
A1 noun /ˈbeɪbi/

baby

bébé
Meaning
a very young child, especially one newly or recently born
Example
The baby is sleeping peacefully in the crib.
Le bébé dort paisiblement dans le berceau.
C2 noun /pɛnˈtæmɪtər/

pentameter

pentamètre
Meaning
A line of verse consisting of five metrical feet.
Example
Shakespeare often wrote his plays in iambic pentameter.
Shakespeare écrivait souvent ses pièces en pentamètre iambique.
B2 noun /kəmˈplɛksɪti/

complexity

complexité
Meaning
The state of being complex; intricacy.
Example
The complexity of the problem required a team of experts.
La complexité du problème nécessitait une équipe d'experts.
C2 noun /prɪˈfɜːrmənt/

preferment

promotion
Meaning
promotion or advancement in rank, position, or office
Example
He hoped for preferment in the government office.
Il espérait une promotion dans le bureau du gouvernement.
B2 adjective /ɪˈrɪˌspɑn.sə.bəl/

Irresponsible

irresponsable
Meaning
lacking a sense of responsibility; careless
Example
It was irresponsible of him to leave without telling anyone.
C'était irresponsable de sa part de partir sans prévenir personne.
A2 noun /mɛs/

mess

désordre
Meaning
A state of disorder or untidiness.
Example
The kids left the room in a complete mess.
Les enfants ont laissé la pièce dans un total désordre.
B2 verb /əˈweɪkən/

awaken

réveiller
Meaning
to stop sleeping; to cause to become aware
Example
The loud noise awakened the entire neighborhood.
Le bruit fort a réveillé tout le quartier.
C1 adjective /ˈtɛmpərət/

temperate

tempéré
Meaning
showing moderation or self-restraint; also describing mild climate.
Example
He is known for his temperate behavior even in stressful situations.
Il est connu pour son comportement tempéré même dans des situations stressantes.
B2 noun /ˈbɒdiɡɑːrd/

bodyguard

garde du corps
Meaning
a person employed to protect someone from harm
Example
The celebrity arrived with her bodyguard.
La célébrité est arrivée avec son garde du corps.
B2 verb /ˈsɪmpəθaɪz/

sympathize

compatir
Meaning
to feel sorry for someone; to understand and share someone's feelings
Example
I sympathize with your loss.
Je compatis à ta perte.
C1 noun /ˈpraɪməsi/

primacy

primauté
Meaning
the state of being first in importance or authority
Example
The primacy of education cannot be denied.
La primauté de l'éducation ne peut être niée.
C2 noun /ˈpɜːrsɪflɑːʒ/

persiflage

moquerie légère
Meaning
light and slightly contemptuous mockery or banter
Example
Their conversation was full of persiflage and jokes.
Leurs conversations étaient pleines de moquerie légère et de blagues.
A1 adjective /lɑːrdʒ/

Large

grand; vaste; énorme
Meaning
of considerable size, extent, or intensity; big
Example
The large building dominated the city skyline.
Le grand bâtiment dominait l'horizon de la ville.
B1 adjective /əˈkeɪ.ʒən.əl/

Occasional

occasionnel
Meaning
occurring infrequently or irregularly; happening from time to time
Example
She enjoys occasional walks in the park.
Elle aime les promenades occasionnelles dans le parc.
B1 noun /tuː θɜːrdz/

two-thirds

deux tiers
Meaning
a fraction equal to two parts of three; 2/3.
Example
Two-thirds of the students passed the exam.
Deux tiers des étudiants ont réussi l'examen.
C1 adjective /ʌnˈweɪ.vər.ɪŋ/

unwavering

inébranlable
Meaning
Steady or resolute; not wavering.
Example
He showed unwavering dedication to his goal.
Il a montré un dévouement inébranlable à son objectif.
C2 noun /ˌnjuːməˈreɪʃən/

numeration

numération
Meaning
the action or process of counting or assigning numbers
Example
The teacher explained the basics of numeration to the students.
L'enseignant a expliqué les bases de la numération aux étudiants.
C1 verb ˈɛk.spɪ.daɪt

expedite

accélérer
Meaning
Make an action or process happen sooner or be accomplished more quickly.
Example
The government took steps to expedite the approval process.
Le gouvernement a pris des mesures pour accélérer le processus d’approbation.
B2 verb ˈtrɪɡərz

triggers

déclencher
Meaning
To cause or initiate something to happen
Example
Air pollution triggers chronic diseases.
La pollution de l'air déclenche des maladies chroniques.
B1 noun /ˌsɪvɪlaɪˈzeɪʃən/

civilization

civilisation
Meaning
the stage of human social and cultural development and organization considered most advanced
Example
Ancient Egypt is known for its remarkable civilization.
L'Égypte ancienne est connue pour sa civilisation remarquable.
A1 verb /set/

set

placer
Meaning
to put or place something in a position; to establish
Example
She set the book on the table.
Elle a mis le livre sur la table.
A2 verb /drɔː/

draw

dessiner
Meaning
to create pictures or designs with a pencil or pen
Example
She draws beautiful landscapes in her spare time.
Elle dessine de beaux paysages pendant son temps libre.
B1 noun /əˈdʒen.də/

Agenda

ordre du jour
Meaning
a list of items to be discussed at a meeting; a plan of action
Example
The meeting agenda includes budget discussions.
L'ordre du jour de la réunion comprend des discussions sur le budget.
C1 adjective ˈfɔːr.mɪ.də.bəl

formidable

formidable
Meaning
Inspiring fear or respect through being impressively large, powerful, intense, or capable.
Example
The boxer was a formidable opponent in the ring.
Le boxeur était un adversaire formidable sur le ring.
C2 adjective /ˈæpəˌleɪt/

appellate

relatif aux appels
Meaning
relating to appeals in a court of law
Example
The case was taken to an appellate court.
L'affaire a été portée devant un tribunal d'appel.
C1 noun /ˌsʌpəˈzɪʃən/

supposition

supposition
Meaning
An assumption or belief that something is true without certain proof.
Example
His plan was based on the supposition that the market would recover quickly.
Son plan était basé sur la supposition que le marché se rétablirait rapidement.
B2 noun /bækˈtɪəriəm/

bacterium

bactérie
Meaning
A single microscopic organism belonging to the group of bacteria.
Example
The doctor explained that a single bacterium can multiply rapidly under the right conditions.
Le médecin a expliqué qu'un seul bacterium peut se multiplier rapidement dans les bonnes conditions.
C1 verb /ˈpɪlɪdʒ/

pillage

piller
Meaning
to rob or plunder a place, especially during war
Example
The invading army pillaged the village and took all valuables.
L'armée envahissante a pillé le village et a pris tous les objets précieux.
C2 adjective, noun /ˈɡreɪtɪŋ/

grating

son désagréable / grille métallique
Meaning
Harsh and unpleasant to the senses, especially sound; a framework of bars covering an opening.
Example
The teacher's grating voice made it hard to concentrate.
La voix désagréable de l'enseignant rendait la concentration difficile.
B2 noun /rɪˈstrɪk.ʃən/

Restriction

restriction; limitation; contrôle
Meaning
a limiting condition or measure; the limitation or control of someone or something
Example
There are strict restrictions on smoking in public places.
Il existe de strictes restrictions sur le tabagisme dans les lieux publics.
B2 noun /koʊl/

coal

charbon
Meaning
a black or dark brown rock used as fuel, formed from decomposed plant matter
Example
The factory still uses coal as its main source of energy.
L'usine utilise toujours du charbon comme source principale d'énergie.
C2 adjective /ˌɪməˈmɔːriəl/

immemorial

immémorial
Meaning
Extending back beyond memory or record; ancient.
Example
The tradition has been followed since time immemorial.
La tradition est suivie depuis des temps immémoriaux.
B2 noun /ˌvaɪ.əˈleɪ.ʃən/

Violation

violation; infraction des règles
Meaning
the action of violating someone or something; the action of breaking or failing to comply with a rule or formal agreement
Example
The company was fined for violation of environmental regulations.
L'entreprise a été condamnée à une amende pour violation des réglementations environnementales.
C1 noun /ˈnoʊmæd/

nomad

nomade
Meaning
A person who has no permanent home and moves from place to place.
Example
The desert was once home to nomads who lived by herding animals.
Le désert était autrefois la maison des nomades qui vivaient en élevant des animaux.
C2 noun /kɪθ/

kith

amis
Meaning
Friends, acquaintances, and relations.
Example
He invited all his kith and kin to the wedding.
Il a invité tous ses amis et sa famille au mariage.
A2 adverb /ˈhɑːd.li/

Hardly

à peine; difficilement; presque pas
Meaning
scarcely; barely; almost not at all
Example
I could hardly believe what I was seeing.
Je pouvais à peine croire ce que je voyais.
C2 verb /θrɛʃ/

thresh

battre
Meaning
to separate grain from the plant by beating or by using a machine
Example
Farmers used machines to thresh the wheat after harvest.
Les agriculteurs ont utilisé des machines pour battre le blé après la récolte.
C1 verb /ˈædʒ.ɪ.teɪt/

agitate

agiter, provoquer
Meaning
to stir up feelings or disturb; to campaign for change
Example
The protesters agitated for better working conditions.
Les manifestants ont agité pour de meilleures conditions de travail.
A1 noun /ˈlet.ər/

Letter

lettre; caractère
Meaning
a character representing one or more of the sounds used in speech; a written message, typically sent in an envelope
Example
She wrote a letter to her grandmother.
Elle a écrit une lettre à sa grand-mère.
C1 noun /ˈpæd.ək/

paddock

champ clos pour chevaux ou autres animaux
Meaning
a small enclosed field where horses or other animals are kept
Example
The horses were grazing in the paddock.
Les chevaux broutaient dans le paddock.
C1 adjective /dɪsˈhɑːrtənd/

Disheartened

démoralisé
Meaning
discouraged; feeling dejected; losing hope or confidence
Example
She felt disheartened after failing the exam twice.
Elle s'est sentie démoralisée après avoir échoué à l'examen deux fois.
B2 adjective /dɪˈsaɪsɪv/

decisive

décisif
Meaning
Having the ability to make decisions quickly and effectively; determining the outcome.
Example
Her decisive action saved the company from collapse.
Son action décisive a sauvé l'entreprise de l'effondrement.
B2 noun /ˈsnoʊ.fɔːl/

Snowfall

chute de neige
Meaning
the process of snow falling from the sky; the amount of snow that falls
Example
The heavy snowfall blocked all the roads yesterday.
La forte chute de neige a bloqué toutes les routes hier.
B1 adjective /ˈrel.ə.tɪv/

Relative

relatif
Meaning
considered in comparison to something else; not absolute; comparative
Example
The cost of living is relative to your income level.
Le coût de la vie est relatif à votre niveau de revenu.
B2 noun ˈsɜːrkjələr ɪˈkɒnəmi

circular economy

économie circulaire
Meaning
An economic system aimed at eliminating waste and the continual use of resources through reuse, sharing, repair, refurbishment, remanufacturing and recycling.
Example
Adopting a circular economy can reduce waste.
Adopter une économie circulaire peut réduire les déchets.
C2 verb /ˈɛkspieɪt/

expiate

expiation
Meaning
to make amends for guilt or wrongdoing
Example
He tried to expiate his crime by helping the poor.
Il a essayé d'expiation de son crime en aidant les pauvres.
C1 noun /blæk sɔːlt/

Black Salt

sel noir
Meaning
a type of rock salt with a distinctive sulfuric flavor, commonly used in Indian cuisine
Example
Add a pinch of black salt to enhance the flavor of the fruit salad.
Ajoutez une pincée de sel noir pour rehausser la saveur de la salade de fruits.
B1 noun ˈtʃeə.pɜː.sən

chairperson

président
Meaning
A person who is in charge of a meeting or organization; the presiding officer of a committee, board, or organization.
Example
The chairperson ensures procedural integrity.
Le président assure l'intégrité des procédures.
B2 adverb /bɪˈfɔːr.hænd/

Beforehand

à l'avance; auparavant; avant
Meaning
in advance; ahead of time; earlier
Example
We prepared everything beforehand.
Nous avons tout préparé à l'avance.
B1 adjective /ɡrænd/

Grand

grand; magnifique; excellent;
Meaning
impressive; magnificent; excellent;
Example
The grand palace impressed all the visitors.
Le grand palais a impressionné tous les visiteurs.
B1 noun /neɪl/

Nail

clou
Meaning
a small metal spike with a broadened flat head; part of finger or toe
Example
He hammered the nail into the wooden board.
Il a enfoncé le clou dans le panneau de bois.
A1 noun /mɪlk/

Milk

lait
Meaning
a white liquid produced by cows, goats, or other mammals, used as food
Example
Children need to drink milk for strong bones.
Les enfants doivent boire du lait pour avoir des os solides.
C2 adjective /ˈdɔːrsəl/

dorsal

dorsal
Meaning
Relating to the back or upper side of an animal or body part.
Example
Sharks have a prominent dorsal fin.
Les requins ont une nageoire dorsale proéminente.
B2 verb /pæt/

pat

tapoter
Meaning
to touch someone or something gently, often to show affection or approval
Example
She gently patted the dog on its head.
Elle a tapoté doucement le chien sur la tête.
C1 noun /ˌdiːpɔːrˈteɪʃən/

deportation

déportation
Meaning
The act of expelling a foreigner from a country.
Example
The deportation of hundreds of workers sparked international criticism.
La déportation de centaines de travailleurs a suscité des critiques internationales.
A1 noun /haʊs/

house

maison
Meaning
A building for people to live in, usually with rooms and a roof.
Example
They bought a new house in the city.
Ils ont acheté une nouvelle maison en ville.
C2 adjective /ˌækwiˈɛsənt/

acquiescent

soumis
Meaning
ready to accept something without protest, or to do what someone else wants
Example
He gave an acquiescent smile and agreed to the plan.
Il a souri d'un sourire soumis et a accepté le plan.
B1 noun /ˈtreɪdɪŋ/

trading

commerce
Meaning
the act or business of buying and selling goods or services
Example
She made a fortune through online trading.
Elle a fait une fortune grâce au commerce en ligne.
C2 adjective /ˈtɪd.li/

Tiddley

légèrement ivre; petit ou minuscule
Meaning
slightly drunk; small or tiny
Example
After a few drinks, he felt a bit tiddley.
Après quelques verres, il se sentit un peu tiddley.
C1 adjective /vəˈluː.mə.nəs/

voluminous

volumineux, grand, expansif
Meaning
Occupying or containing much space; large in volume, in particular.
Example
The library contained a voluminous collection of books.
La bibliothèque contenait une collection volumineuse de livres.
C2 noun /dɜːrdʒ/

dirge

élégie
Meaning
A mournful song, piece of music, or poem expressing grief, often for the dead.
Example
The choir sang a solemn dirge at the funeral.
La chorale a chanté une élégie solennelle lors des funérailles.
B1 noun ˈbæriə(r)

barrier

barrière
Meaning
A fence or other obstacle that prevents movement or access.
Example
The barrier prevented entry.
La barrière a empêché l'entrée.
C1 noun /tʃɪt/

Chit

billet, note
Meaning
a short note, typically a brief informal letter; a voucher for a sum owed
Example
She left a chit on the table asking him to call her back.
Elle a laissé un chit sur la table lui demandant de la rappeler.
A2 adjective, adverb /ˈfʊl taɪm/

full-time

à plein temps
Meaning
working or studying for the whole standard period of time
Example
She works full-time as a teacher.
Elle travaille à plein temps en tant qu'enseignante.
A2 noun ʃef

chef

chef
Meaning
A professional cook, especially the chief cook in a restaurant or hotel.
Example
The chef specializes in avant-garde dishes.
Le chef se spécialise dans les plats avant-gardistes.
C2 adjective səˈluː.bri.əs

salubrious

salubre
Meaning
Health-giving; healthy; promoting health and well-being.
Example
The mountain air is salubrious and refreshing.
L'air de la montagne est salubre et rafraîchissant.
C2 verb /ˈwiːdəl/

wheedle

flatter pour convaincre
Meaning
to persuade or coax someone by using flattery or smooth talk
Example
She managed to wheedle extra pocket money from her father.
Elle a réussi à obtenir de l'argent de poche supplémentaire de son père.
B2 noun /ədˈmɪnɪstreɪtər/

administrator

administrateur
Meaning
a person responsible for running or managing an organization or system
Example
The school administrator implemented new policies for students.
L'administrateur de l'école a mis en œuvre de nouvelles politiques pour les élèves.
C1 noun /ˈdʒiː.nəs/

genus

genre
Meaning
a category in biological classification ranking above species and below family
Example
The tiger belongs to the genus Panthera.
Le tigre appartient au genre Panthera.
B2 adverb /ˈsmuːð.li/

Smoothly

doucement; sans problèmes
Meaning
without problems or difficulties; in an even and regular way
Example
The car runs smoothly on the new highway.
La voiture roule doucement sur la nouvelle autoroute.
C1 noun ˈsʌs.tɪ.nəns

Sustenance

subsistance ou alimentation
Meaning
Food or support necessary for sustaining life
Example
Water is essential for human sustenance.
L'eau est essentielle à la subsistance humaine.
C2 noun /mɪˈsɑːdʒɪnɪst/

misogynist

misogyne
Meaning
A person who dislikes, despises, or is strongly prejudiced against women.
Example
Many condemned his speech as the words of a misogynist.
Beaucoup ont condamné son discours comme les paroles d'un misogyne.
C1 noun /ɪkˌsperɪˈmɛnteɪʃən/

experimentation

expérimentation
Meaning
The process of performing a scientific procedure to make a discovery, test a hypothesis, or demonstrate a known fact.
Example
Experimentation leads to groundbreaking products.
L'expérimentation mène à des produits révolutionnaires.
C1 adjective /ˈsɪm.jʊ.leɪ.tɪd/

simulated

simulé
Meaning
Artificially created to look real but not actually real.
Example
The pilot trained in a simulated flight environment.
Le pilote a été formé dans un environnement de vol simulé.
B2 noun /ˈher ˌpɪn/

Hair pin

épingle à cheveux
Meaning
a thin piece of metal or plastic used to hold hair in place
Example
She used several hair pins to secure her elegant updo.
Elle a utilisé plusieurs épingles à cheveux pour fixer son élégant chignon.
C1 adjective /ˌɪndɪˈsaɪsɪv/

Indecisive

indécis
Meaning
unable to make decisions quickly; hesitant; wavering
Example
She was indecisive about which university to attend.
Elle était indécise quant à l'université qu'elle allait fréquenter.
C1 adjective /ˈstɔːlwərt/

stalwart

fidèle, robuste
Meaning
Loyal, reliable, and hardworking; strongly built or sturdy.
Example
She has always been a stalwart supporter of the community.
Elle a toujours été une fidèle partisane de la communauté.
A2 noun /ˈklæsˌruːm/

classroom

salle de classe
Meaning
A room in which classes are held in a school or college.
Example
The teacher entered the classroom and greeted the students.
L'enseignant est entré dans la salle de classe et a salué les étudiants.
A2 noun ˈmuːv.mənts

movements

mouvements
Meaning
Organized efforts by groups of people working together to advance their shared political, social, or artistic ideas.
Example
Freedom movements paved the way for independence.
Les mouvements de liberté ont ouvert la voie à l'indépendance.
C1 noun /dɪˈfɔː.mə.ti/

Deformity

déformation; malformation physique
Meaning
a distorted or unnatural shape or form; physical malformation
Example
The accident caused a permanent deformity in his left hand.
L'accident a causé une déformation permanente dans sa main gauche.
B2 verb /ɪnˈlaɪtən/

enlighten

bonheur
Meaning
to give someone greater knowledge or understanding about a subject or situation
Example
The teacher tried to enlighten the students about ancient history.
Elle ne pouvait pas cacher son bonheur lorsqu'elle a reçu le prix.
B2 noun/adjective /rɪˈpʌblɪkən/

republican

républicain
Meaning
a member or supporter of a republican political party or system
Example
The republican candidate won the election.
Le candidat républicain a remporté l'élection.
B2 noun /kwəʊˈteɪʃən/

quotation

citation; devis
Meaning
a group of words taken from a text or speech and repeated exactly; an estimated price given for goods or services
Example
The article opened with a famous quotation from Shakespeare.
L’article s’ouvrait par une citation célèbre de Shakespeare.
C1 noun /əˈpɒlədʒɪst/

apologist

défenseur
Meaning
a person who defends or justifies something, often a controversial belief or institution
Example
He is known as an apologist for authoritarian regimes.
Il est connu comme un défenseur des régimes autoritaires.
B2 noun /rɒd/

rod

tige mince, surtout en métal ou bois
Meaning
a thin straight bar, especially of metal or wood
Example
He used an iron rod to support the structure.
Il a utilisé une tige en fer pour soutenir la structure.
B2 noun ˈɪnər strɛŋkθ

inner strength

force intérieure
Meaning
Mental or spiritual power that helps a person cope with difficulties.
Example
Community service fosters inner strength in individuals.
Le service communautaire favorise la force intérieure chez les individus.
C1 adjective /ˌɔː.riˈen.təl/

Oriental

relatif aux pays de l'Asie de l'Est; oriental
Meaning
relating to the countries of East Asia; eastern
Example
The museum has a beautiful collection of oriental art.
Le musée possède une belle collection d'art oriental.
B2 noun ˈkɑː.bən

carbon

carbone
Meaning
The chemical element of atomic number 6, occurring as diamond, graphite, and charcoal.
Example
Carbon emissions must be controlled.
Les émissions de carbone doivent être contrôlées.
C2 adjective /ɪmˈpɔːrtʃənət/

importunate

importun
Meaning
Persistent to the point of annoyance or intrusion
Example
The importunate salesman kept calling despite repeated refusals.
Le vendeur importun a continué à appeler malgré les refus répétés.
C1 verb /ˈɪnstɪˌɡeɪt/

instigate

inciter
Meaning
To bring about or initiate an action, often something negative.
Example
He was accused of instigating the riot.
Il a été accusé d'inciter aux émeutes.
C1 verb /ˈdʒepərdaɪz/

jeopardize

mettre en danger
Meaning
to put something at risk of being damaged or destroyed
Example
His reckless behavior could jeopardize his career.
Son comportement imprudent pourrait mettre en danger sa carrière.