callosity
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C2 noun /kəˈlɒsəti/

callosity

peau épaissie
Meaning
A thickened or hardened area of skin; insensitivity or hardness of character.
Example
Years of manual labor left callosity on his hands.
Des années de travail manuel ont laissé de la callosité sur ses mains.
C2 adjective /ˌhaɪpəˈdɜːrmɪk/

hypodermic

hypodermique
Meaning
relating to the region immediately beneath the skin; also refers to a type of needle or syringe used to inject drugs beneath the skin.
Example
The doctor used a hypodermic needle to administer the vaccine.
Le médecin a utilisé une aiguille hypodermique pour administrer le vaccin.
B2 verb /saɪ/

sigh

soupirer
Meaning
to let out a long, deep breath as an expression of tiredness, relief, or sadness
Example
She sighed with relief when she heard the good news.
Elle a soupiré de soulagement lorsqu'elle a entendu la bonne nouvelle.
C1 noun /ˈdɪs.ə.nəns/

dissonance

dissonance
Meaning
Disagreement, lack of harmony, conflict between ideas or beliefs.
Example
The cultural dissonance created misunderstandings.
La dissonance culturelle a créé des malentendus.
C1 verb /sɪˈdjuːs/

seduce

séduire
Meaning
to attract someone into doing something, especially something they might not normally do
Example
The advertisement was designed to seduce customers into buying luxury products.
La publicité a été conçue pour séduire les clients à acheter des produits de luxe.
C2 adjective /fəˈloʊniəs/

felonious

relatif à un crime grave
Meaning
relating to or involved in serious criminal activity
Example
He was charged with felonious assault after the incident.
Il a été accusé d'agression grave après l'incident.
C2 adjective /ˈæsɪnaɪn/

asinine

absurde
Meaning
Extremely foolish or stupid.
Example
It was an asinine idea to drive into the storm without checking the weather.
C'était une idée absurde de conduire dans la tempête sans vérifier la météo.
B1 verb /ɪnˈkriːst/

increased

augmenté
Meaning
became greater in size, amount, or degree
Example
The company's revenue increased last year.
Les revenus de l'entreprise ont augmenté l'année dernière.
B2 adjective ʌnˈprɛsɪˌdɛntɪd

unprecedented

sans précédent
Meaning
Never done or known before; without previous example.
Example
Unprecedented advancements in science changed human lives.
Les avancées sans précédent en science ont changé la vie humaine.
B2 noun /ˌmɛdɪˈteɪʃən/

meditation

méditation
Meaning
The practice of focusing the mind to achieve calmness, clarity, or spiritual growth.
Example
She practices meditation every morning to start her day peacefully.
Elle pratique la méditation chaque matin pour commencer sa journée en paix.
C2 verb /əˈɡlɒməˌreɪt/

agglomerate

agglomérer
Meaning
To collect or form into a mass or group.
Example
The dust particles began to agglomerate into larger clusters.
Les particules de poussière ont commencé à s'agglomérer en grands amas.
B2 noun /ˈfɜː.tɪ.laɪ.zər/

fertilizer

engrais
Meaning
a substance added to soil to make plants grow more successfully
Example
Farmers use fertilizer to increase crop production.
Les agriculteurs utilisent des engrais pour augmenter la production des cultures.
C1 noun /dʒɪst/

Gist

essentiel
Meaning
the substance or essence of a speech or text; the main point
Example
I missed the beginning of the lecture, but I caught the gist of the professor's argument.
J'ai manqué le début de la conférence, mais j'ai compris l'essentiel de l'argument du professeur.
C1 noun/verb /ˈbæntər/

banter

plaisanterie
Meaning
playful and friendly exchange of teasing remarks
Example
The colleagues enjoyed some light banter during the meeting.
Les collègues ont apprécié un peu de banter léger pendant la réunion.
A2 noun /ˈɪnfoʊ/

info

information
Meaning
information; knowledge or facts about something or someone
Example
She gave me all the info I needed for the meeting.
Elle m'a donné toutes les informations nécessaires pour la réunion.
B1 noun /ˈbriːðɪŋ/

breathing

bonheur
Meaning
the process of taking air into and expelling it from the lungs.
Example
Deep breathing can help you relax.
Elle ne pouvait pas cacher son bonheur quand elle a reçu le prix.
C1 verb /sɪndʒ/

singe

brûler légèrement
Meaning
To burn something superficially or lightly, especially at the edges.
Example
The fire singed his eyebrows.
Le feu a brûlé ses sourcils.
A1 verb /wʊd/

would

ferait
Meaning
used to indicate a future possibility or action in the past
Example
He said he would help me tomorrow.
Il a dit qu'il m'aiderait demain.
B1 noun /ˈmɪlk.mæn/

Milkman

laitier
Meaning
a person who delivers milk to homes or businesses
Example
The milkman delivers fresh milk to our house every morning.
Le laitier livre du lait frais à notre maison tous les matins.
B1 noun əˈreɪndʒmənt

arrangement

agencement
Meaning
The way things are organized, positioned, or structured.
Example
The arrangement of protons in the nucleus is critical.
L'agencement des protons dans le noyau est critique.
C1 noun /ˈwɪmzi/

whimsy

fantaisie
Meaning
playful or fanciful behavior or humor
Example
Her stories were full of whimsy and imagination.
Ses histoires étaient pleines de fantaisie et d'imagination.
C1 verb /ɪkˈskriːt/

excrete

excréter
Meaning
to eliminate waste matter from the body
Example
Humans excrete carbon dioxide through breathing.
Les humains excrètent du dioxyde de carbone par la respiration.
C2 adjective /ˌdɪskəmˈbɑːbjuleɪtɪd/

discombobulated

désorienté
Meaning
confused and disoriented; feeling unsettled
Example
She looked discombobulated after hearing the unexpected news.
Elle avait l'air désorientée après avoir entendu la nouvelle inattendue.
B2 noun rɪˈtɛnʃən

retention

rétention
Meaning
The continued possession, use, or control of something
Example
The retention of information is essential for academic success.
La rétention de l'information est essentielle pour le succès académique.
B2 noun /ˈboʊlər/

bowler

lanceur
Meaning
a person who delivers the ball in cricket; also a type of hard felt hat with a rounded crown
Example
The bowler took three wickets in the first over.
Le lanceur a pris trois wickets lors du premier over.
C2 noun /ˌkælɪsˈθɛnɪks/

calisthenics

exercice physique
Meaning
exercises that use body weight for strength and flexibility
Example
She practices calisthenics every morning in the park.
Elle pratique la calisthénie chaque matin dans le parc.
C2 noun /ɪnˈvɛktɪv/

invective

langage injurieux
Meaning
Insulting, abusive, or highly critical language.
Example
The politician’s speech was filled with invective against his opponents.
Le discours du politicien était rempli d'invectives contre ses adversaires.
C1 noun /ˈvɪdʒ.ɪ.ləns/

vigilance

vigilance
Meaning
The action or state of keeping careful watch for possible danger or difficulties.
Example
Constant vigilance is required in cybersecurity.
Une vigilance constante est requise en cybersécurité.
A1 verb /ˈoʊpən/

open

ouvrir
Meaning
to move something so as to allow access; to begin
Example
Please open the door for me.
s'il vous plaît ouvrez la porte pour moi.
C2 noun /ˈkɪzmɛt/

kismet

destin
Meaning
Destiny or fate.
Example
Meeting her on that day felt like pure kismet.
La rencontrer ce jour-là a ressemblé à un pur destin.
B2 noun /rɪˈvaɪ.vəl/

Revival

renaissance
Meaning
an improvement in the condition or strength of something; renewed interest in or attention to something
Example
There has been a revival of interest in traditional crafts.
Il y a eu une renaissance de l'intérêt pour les métiers traditionnels.
B2 noun ˈɪndɪkeɪtə

indicator

indicateur
Meaning
A thing that indicates the state or level of something.
Example
The unemployment rate is a key indicator of economic health.
Le taux de chômage est un indicateur clé de la santé économique.
B1 verb /ˈdoʊneɪt/

donate

donner
Meaning
to give money, goods, or time to help others; to contribute
Example
She donates blood every three months.
Elle donne du sang tous les trois mois.
B2 noun /ˈɑː.mənd/

Almond

amande
Meaning
edible seed of the almond tree
Example
Almonds are a healthy snack rich in protein and good fats.
Les amandes sont une collation saine, riche en protéines et en bonnes graisses.
B2 adjective rəʊˈbʌst

robust

robuste
Meaning
Strong and healthy; vigorous; able to withstand or overcome adverse conditions.
Example
The robust infrastructure ensures reliable communication.
L'infrastructure robuste assure une communication fiable.
B2 adjective /ˈnoʊ.bəl/

Noble

noble
Meaning
having high moral qualities; honorable; generous; of aristocratic birth
Example
His noble actions helped many people in need.
Ses actions nobles ont aidé de nombreuses personnes dans le besoin.
C1 verb /wɪns/

wince

grincer des dents à cause de la douleur
Meaning
To make an involuntary movement of the face or body as a result of pain or distress.
Example
He winced when the doctor touched his injured arm.
Il a grimacé lorsque le médecin a touché son bras blessé.
C1 noun ˈmaɪ.krəʊˌnjuː.tri.ənts

micronutrients

micronutriments
Meaning
Essential nutrients required by organisms in small quantities throughout life to orchestrate a range of physiological functions.
Example
Micronutrients are essential for cellular function.
Les micronutriments sont essentiels au bon fonctionnement cellulaire.
B2 adjective /ˈspɪr.ɪ.tʃu.əl/

Spiritual

spirituel; religieux; sacré
Meaning
relating to the human spirit or soul; religious or sacred
Example
She found spiritual peace through meditation.
Elle a trouvé la paix spirituelle à travers la méditation.
C1 adjective /ˈnjʊrəl/

neural

neuronal
Meaning
Relating to nerves or the nervous system.
Example
Scientists study neural connections in the brain.
Les scientifiques étudient les connexions neuronales dans le cerveau.
B2 verb /dɪsˈtɜːb/

disturb

déranger
Meaning
to interrupt or cause someone to stop what they are doing
Example
Please don’t disturb me while I’m studying.
S'il vous plaît, ne me dérangez pas pendant que j'étudie.
B1 adjective /ˈteknɪkəl/

Technical

technique; spécialisé;
Meaning
relating to or involving special skills or knowledge; requiring specialized training
Example
The manual contains technical instructions for operating the machine.
Le manuel contient des instructions techniques pour utiliser la machine.
C2 noun /əˈkʌmpənɪst/

accompanist

accompagnateur
Meaning
A person who plays a musical instrument to support a singer or another musician.
Example
The pianist served as the accompanist for the singer during the concert.
Le pianiste a joué le rôle d'accompagnateur pour le chanteur pendant le concert.
C1 noun /dɪˈfjuːʒən/

diffusion

diffusion
Meaning
the spreading of something more widely or the movement of particles from high to low concentration
Example
The diffusion of information on social media is rapid.
La diffusion de l'information sur les réseaux sociaux est rapide.
B2 adjective /ˌkɒn.fɪˈden.ʃəl/

Confidential

confidentiel; privé; destiné à être gardé secret
Meaning
secret; private; intended to be kept secret
Example
Please keep this information confidential.
Veuillez garder ces informations confidentielles.
C1 adjective /ˈɡʌsti/

gusty

venteux
Meaning
characterized by strong, sudden bursts of wind
Example
It was a cold, gusty day by the sea.
C'était une journée froide et venteuse près de la mer.
C1 verb /ɪnˈɡroʊs/

engross

absorbée
Meaning
to absorb all the attention or interest of someone
Example
She was so engrossed in the book that she forgot the time.
Elle était tellement absorbée dans le livre qu'elle a oublié l'heure.
C1 noun /ˈtriːzən/

Treason

trahison
Meaning
the crime of betraying one's country, especially by attempting to kill or overthrow the sovereign or government
Example
He was accused of treason against the state.
Il a été accusé de trahison contre l'état.
A2 noun /ˈwʌndər/

wonder

merveille
Meaning
a feeling of amazement and admiration, caused by something beautiful, remarkable, or unfamiliar
Example
The view from the mountain was a true wonder.
La vue depuis la montagne était une véritable merveille.
C1 noun /ˈpɪl.fər.ɪdʒ/

Pilferage

vol mineur
Meaning
the theft of small amounts or items, especially from one's workplace
Example
The company installed cameras to prevent pilferage.
L'entreprise a installé des caméras pour prévenir le vol.
C1 adjective /ˈstɪndʒi/

stingy

avare
Meaning
unwilling to spend or give; miserly
Example
He is too stingy to buy a gift for his friend.
Il est trop avare pour acheter un cadeau pour son ami.
A1 noun /wiːk/

week

semaine
Meaning
a period of seven days
Example
I will finish the project by the end of the week.
Je finirai le projet d'ici la fin de la semaine.
B1 noun /ˈmelədi/

Melody

mélodie; air musical
Meaning
A sequence of single notes that is musically satisfying; a tune
Example
She hummed a beautiful melody while cooking dinner.
Elle fredonnait une belle mélodie pendant qu'elle préparait le dîner.
B1 noun, verb /strɪŋ/

string

ficelle
Meaning
a thin piece of cord or thread; to tie or fasten with a string
Example
She tied the package with a string.
Elle a attaché le paquet avec une ficelle.
C1 noun /brɪˈɡeɪd/

brigade

brigade
Meaning
A large group of people organized for a specific purpose, especially a military unit.
Example
The fire brigade arrived quickly to put out the flames.
La brigade de pompiers est arrivée rapidement pour éteindre les flammes.
B2 noun /kʌlt/

cult

culte
Meaning
a system of religious veneration and devotion directed toward a particular figure or object
Example
The cult followed their leader with great devotion.
Le culte suivait leur leader avec grande dévotion.
A2 noun /ˈɪʃ.uːz/

issues

problèmes
Meaning
Important topics or problems for debate or discussion.
Example
Health issues from pollution are increasing.
Les problèmes de santé liés à la pollution augmentent.
C2 noun /ˈdɒldrəmz/

doldrums

morosité
Meaning
A state of inactivity, stagnation, or low spirits; also a region near the equator with calm winds.
Example
After the project failed, the team was stuck in the doldrums for months.
Après l'échec du projet, l'équipe était bloquée dans le marasme pendant des mois.
C2 adjective /hɜːrˈbeɪʃəs/

herbaceous

herbacé
Meaning
Relating to or resembling herbs; plants with soft, non-woody stems.
Example
The garden was filled with herbaceous plants that thrived in the summer.
Le jardin était rempli de plantes herbacées qui ont prospéré pendant l'été.
B1 verb /ɪnˈvɛnt/

invent

inventer
Meaning
to create or design something that has not existed before
Example
Thomas Edison invented the electric bulb.
Thomas Edison a inventé l'ampoule électrique.
C1 verb /dɪˈpliːt/

deplete

épuiser
Meaning
to reduce the quantity or supply of something
Example
The long war has depleted the country's resources.
La longue guerre a épuisé les ressources du pays.
B2 verb /ˌriːprəˈdjuːs/

reproduce

reproduire, engendrer
Meaning
To make a copy of something; to generate offspring.
Example
Many animals reproduce rapidly in favorable conditions.
Beaucoup d'animaux se reproduisent rapidement dans des conditions favorables.
B2 noun /rɪˈlʌk.təns/

Reluctance

réticence; hésitation
Meaning
unwillingness to do something; hesitation
Example
He showed reluctance to accept the job offer.
Il a montré de la réticence à accepter l'offre d'emploi.
B2 adjective kənˈsaɪs

concise

concis
Meaning
Brief and clearly expressed without unnecessary details.
Example
A concise speech is more impactful than a long one.
Un discours concis est plus percutant qu'un long discours.
C2 noun /ˈrɛkjʊzənt/

recusant

réfractaire
Meaning
a person who refuses to submit to authority or comply with rules
Example
The recusant opposed the new law.
Le réfractaire s'est opposé à la nouvelle loi.
B2 verb /ɪnˈʃʊər/

insure

assurer
Meaning
to provide insurance; to make certain
Example
I need to insure my new car.
J'ai besoin d'assurer ma nouvelle voiture.
A2 verb /nɜːrs/

nurse

soigner
Meaning
to care for someone who is sick or injured; to feed a baby
Example
She nursed her sick mother back to health.
Elle a soigné sa mère malade jusqu'à ce qu'elle se rétablisse.
B2 adjective /ˈlæstɪŋ/

Lasting

durable; permanent
Meaning
enduring for a long time; permanent; durable
Example
Their friendship had a lasting impact on both their lives.
Leurs amitiés ont eu un impact durable sur leur vie.
C2 adjective /dɪˈfjuːzəbl/

diffusible

diffusable
Meaning
able to spread or be spread through a medium
Example
Oxygen is diffusible through cell membranes.
L'oxygène est diffusible à travers les membranes cellulaires.
C1 verb /daɪˈvɜːrdʒ/

diverge

diverger
Meaning
to separate and go in different directions; to differ
Example
The two paths diverge at the fork in the road.
Les deux chemins se séparent à la bifurcation de la route.
A2 verb /əˈtend/

attend

assister
Meaning
to be present at; to give attention to; to take care of
Example
I will attend the conference next week.
Je vais assister à la conférence la semaine prochaine.
C1 noun /əˈboʊd/

abode

domicile
Meaning
a place of residence; a home
Example
They invited us to their humble abode.
Ils nous ont invités dans leur humble domicile.
A1 adjective strɒŋ

strong

fort
Meaning
Having the power to move heavy weights or perform other physically demanding tasks.
Example
A strong defense secures victory.
Une défense forte assure la victoire.
A2 noun /ɛmˈplɔɪ.iː/

employee

employé
Meaning
A person who works for an organization or company in return for payment.
Example
The company values each employee's contribution to its success.
L'entreprise valorise la contribution de chaque employé à son succès.
B2 adjective /ˈʌt.moʊst/

Utmost

extrême; maximum
Meaning
greatest; most extreme; maximum possible
Example
She showed utmost care while handling the fragile items.
Elle a montré un soin extrême en manipulant les objets fragiles.
B2 noun, verb /stɛm/

stem

tige / freiner
Meaning
Noun: The main stalk of a plant. Verb: To stop or restrict the flow or development of something.
Example
The gardener cut the stem of the rose; New policies aim to stem the flow of pollution.
Le jardinier a coupé la tige de la rose; Les nouvelles politiques visent à freiner le flux de pollution.
B1 noun /kluː/

clue

indice
Meaning
a piece of evidence or information used in the detection of a crime or solving a puzzle
Example
The detective found a clue near the window.
Le détective a trouvé un indice près de la fenêtre.
C2 noun /ˈsɛʃən/

cession

cession de droits ou de propriété
Meaning
The formal giving up of rights, property, or territory, especially by a state.
Example
The treaty resulted in the cession of land to the neighboring country.
Le traité a abouti à la cession de terres au pays voisin.
B2 adjective /ˌʌnkənˈvɪnsɪŋ/

Unconvincing

invraisemblable
Meaning
failing to persuade or impress; not believable or credible
Example
His excuse for being late was completely unconvincing.
Son excuse pour être en retard était complètement invraisemblable.
A1 adverb /təˈɡeðər/

Together

ensemble
Meaning
with each other; in unity; at the same time
Example
We should work together to solve this problem.
Nous devons travailler ensemble pour résoudre ce problème.
A2 adverb /ɪˈmiːdiətli/

immediately

immédiatement
Meaning
at once; without delay
Example
She responded immediately to the emergency call.
Elle a répondu immédiatement à l'appel d'urgence.
C2 noun əˈlæk.rə.t̬i

alacrity

disponibilité rapide et joyeuse
Meaning
Brisk and cheerful readiness.
Example
He accepted the challenge with alacrity.
Il a accepté le défi avec alacrité.
B2 verb /mɒk/

mock

se moquer de
Meaning
To make fun of someone or something in a cruel or unkind way.
Example
The students mocked his accent during class.
Les étudiants se sont moqués de son accent pendant le cours.
B1 adjective /sɪɡˈnɪfɪkənt/

significant

significatif
Meaning
Sufficiently great or important to be worthy of attention; noteworthy.
Example
Social media has a significant impact on relationships.
Les réseaux sociaux ont un impact significatif sur les relations.
C1 noun /rɪˈnaʊn/

Renown

renommée; célébrité
Meaning
the condition of being known or talked about by many people; fame
Example
The scientist achieved international renown for her discoveries.
La scientifique a atteint une renommée internationale pour ses découvertes.
A2 adjective /ʌnˈtaɪdi/

Untidy

désordonné; en désordre;
Meaning
not neat or orderly; messy and disorganized
Example
Her untidy room was filled with clothes scattered everywhere.
Sa chambre en désordre était remplie de vêtements éparpillés partout.
C2 noun /ˈkætəˌklɪzəm/

cataclysm

cataclysme
Meaning
A sudden and violent event that causes great destruction or upheaval.
Example
The earthquake was a cataclysm that reshaped the city.
Le tremblement de terre a été un cataclysme qui a redessiné la ville.
B1 noun /ˈvɪn.ɪ.ɡər/

Vinegar

vinaigre
Meaning
a sour liquid made from fermented alcohol, used for cooking and preserving
Example
I added vinegar to the salad dressing for extra flavor.
J'ai ajouté du vinaigre à la vinaigrette pour plus de saveur.
C2 adverb /əˈmʌk/

amok

de manière incontrôlable
Meaning
Behaving uncontrollably and disruptively.
Example
The angry mob ran amok after the verdict was announced.
La foule en colère courut de manière incontrôlable après l'annonce du verdict.
B2 noun /ˈwaɪnəri/

winery

cave
Meaning
a place where wine is made
Example
They visited a famous winery in France.
Ils ont visité un célèbre vignoble en France.
B1 noun /'pʌmp.kɪn/

Pumpkin

citrouille
Meaning
a large round orange fruit with thick skin and edible flesh
Example
We carved a jack-o'-lantern from a big pumpkin.
Nous avons sculpté une lanterne de citrouille à partir d'une grosse citrouille.
A2 adjective /ˈsʌdən/

Sudden

soudain; brusque; inattendu;
Meaning
happening or done quickly and unexpectedly; abrupt
Example
There was a sudden change in the weather.
Il y a eu un changement soudain dans le temps.
B2 adjective /ʌnˈraɪp/

Unripe

immature
Meaning
not fully developed or matured; not ready to be eaten
Example
The unripe bananas will turn yellow in a few days.
Les bananes non mûres deviendront jaunes dans quelques jours.
C2 noun /ɪˈfluːviəm/

effluvium

effluve
Meaning
an unpleasant or harmful odor, secretion, or discharge
Example
The effluvium from the factory spread across the neighborhood.
L'effluve de l'usine s'est répandu dans tout le quartier.
B2 noun /ˈdʒel.i fɪʃ/

Jelly fish

méduse
Meaning
a soft-bodied marine animal with a gelatinous umbrella-shaped body and trailing tentacles
Example
The jellyfish floated gracefully through the water with its translucent body.
La méduse flottait gracieusement dans l'eau avec son corps translucide.
C2 noun /ˈʃʊərəti/

surety

caution
Meaning
a person who takes responsibility for another's performance of an undertaking, such as appearing in court or paying a debt
Example
The landlord required a surety before renting the apartment.
Le propriétaire a exigé une caution avant de louer l'appartement.
C1 adjective /ˈnɪp.i/

Nippy

froid; frais; rapide et agile en mouvement
Meaning
cold; chilly; quick and agile in movement
Example
It's quite nippy outside today, you should wear a jacket.
Il fait assez froid dehors aujourd'hui, tu devrais porter une veste.
B2 noun /kɔːrps/

corpse

cadavre
Meaning
a dead body, especially of a human
Example
The police discovered a corpse in the abandoned house.
La police a découvert un cadavre dans la maison abandonnée.
B2 verb /briːd/

breed

élever, reproduire
Meaning
to produce young animals; to reproduce; to keep animals for producing young
Example
They breed horses on their farm.
Ils élèvent des chevaux à la ferme.
A2 noun breɪn

brain

cerveau
Meaning
The organ inside the head that controls thought, memory, feelings, and activity
Example
The brain can only focus on one thing at a time.
Le cerveau ne peut se concentrer que sur une seule chose à la fois.
C1 verb /dɪˈfjuːz/

diffuse

diffuser
Meaning
to spread over a wide area or among a large number of people
Example
The smell of fresh bread diffused through the entire house.
L'odeur du pain frais s'est diffusée dans toute la maison.
C1 adjective /ˌɔːrnəˈmɛntl/

ornamental

ornemental
Meaning
Serving as decoration; decorative rather than functional.
Example
The garden was filled with ornamental plants.
Le jardin était rempli de plantes ornementales.
B2 adjective ɪkˈsɛsɪv

excessive

excessif
Meaning
More than is necessary, normal, or desirable; immoderate.
Example
Excessive population growth leads to resource depletion.
La croissance excessive de la population conduit à l'épuisement des ressources.
C2 verb /ˈmæstɪkeɪt/

masticate

mastiquer
Meaning
to chew food thoroughly before swallowing
Example
He slowly masticated the bread before swallowing.
Il mastiqua lentement le pain avant de l'avaler.
B2 noun /ˈraɪdər/

rider

cavalier
Meaning
A person who rides a horse, bicycle, motorcycle, or other vehicle.
Example
The rider fell off the horse.
Le cavalier est tombé de cheval.
C1 noun /peɪˈiː/

payee

bénéficiaire
Meaning
A person to whom money is paid or is to be paid.
Example
The payee must sign the check before cashing it.
Le bénéficiaire doit signer le chèque avant de l'encaisser.
C1 noun ˌtrɪbjʊˈleɪʃən

tribulation

tribulation
Meaning
A difficult time or suffering experience
Example
He endured many tribulations in his early years.
Il a enduré de nombreuses tribulations au cours de ses premières années.
B1 noun ˌɪnspɪˈreɪʃən

inspiration

inspiration
Meaning
The process of being mentally stimulated to do or feel something, especially to do something creative.
Example
His journey to success became an inspiration for many.
Son voyage vers le succès est devenu une inspiration pour beaucoup.
B2 noun /ˈsʌm.ɪt/

summit

sommet
Meaning
A high-level meeting between leaders, especially of governments; a conference.
Example
The summit addressed pressing global issues.
Le sommet a abordé des questions mondiales pressantes.
B1 adverb /ɪˈnɪʃəli/

initially

initialement
Meaning
At the beginning; at first.
Example
Initially, he refused the offer but later accepted it.
Au début, il a refusé l'offre mais l'a acceptée plus tard.
C2 noun /ˈmʌrɪn/

murrain

maladie infectieuse du bétail
Meaning
An infectious disease that affects cattle and other animals, often fatal.
Example
The farmer lost many cows during the outbreak of murrain.
Le fermier a perdu de nombreuses vaches lors de l'épidémie de murrain.
C2 adjective /ɪnˈsɪpiənt/

incipient

incipient
Meaning
in an initial stage; beginning to develop
Example
The incipient storm made the sky turn dark and heavy.
La tempête incipiente a fait assombrir le ciel et le rendre lourd.
B2 adjective + noun əˈdæptɪv ˈfiːtʃərz

adaptive features

caractéristiques adaptatives
Meaning
Characteristics that help organisms adjust to their environment
Example
Plants' adaptive features help them grow in winter.
Les caractéristiques adaptatives des plantes les aident à pousser en hiver.
C1 verb ɪɡˈzæsərbeɪt

exacerbate

aggraver
Meaning
To make a problem, bad situation, or negative feeling worse.
Example
Climate change exacerbates flooding issues.
Le changement climatique aggrave les problèmes d'inondation.
B2 noun /kəˈlɛktər/

collector

collectionneur
Meaning
a person who collects things as a hobby or job
Example
He is a stamp collector with thousands of rare items.
Il est un collectionneur de timbres avec des milliers d'articles rares.
C2 noun /ˈpjuːdʒɪlɪzəm/

pugilism

boxe
Meaning
The practice or sport of boxing.
Example
He studied the art of pugilism in his youth.
Il a étudié l'art de la boxe dans sa jeunesse.
C2 adjective /ˌsʌpəzɪˈtɪʃəs/

supposititious

supposé
Meaning
Based on assumption rather than fact; not genuine or authentic.
Example
The story turned out to be supposititious, with no evidence to support it.
L'histoire s'est avérée être supposée, sans aucune preuve pour la soutenir.
C1 noun /ˈkɑːrtɪlɪdʒ/

cartilage

cartilage
Meaning
A firm, flexible connective tissue found in various parts of the body such as joints, ear, and nose.
Example
The doctor explained that the injury damaged the cartilage in his knee.
Le médecin a expliqué que la blessure avait endommagé le cartilage de son genou.
C1 verb /ˈpeɪtrənaɪz/

patronize

traiter avec condescendance
Meaning
to treat someone in a condescending way; to be a regular customer of a business
Example
Don't patronize me with your fake sympathy.
Ne me traite pas avec ta fausse sympathie.
C2 noun /ˈhæbɪtənt/

habitant

habitant
Meaning
An inhabitant; a person or animal that lives in a particular place.
Example
The habitants of the village were friendly and welcoming.
Les habitants du village étaient amicaux et accueillants.
C1 noun /ˈtɪt.bɪt/

Titbit

un petit morceau de nourriture délicieuse; un petit morceau intéressant d'information
Meaning
a small piece of tasty food; a small interesting piece of information
Example
She served delicious titbits at the party.
Elle a servi de délicieux titbits à la fête.