bully
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B1 noun, verb /ˈbʊli/

bully

intimidateur / tyran
Meaning
A person who habitually seeks to harm or intimidate those weaker; to intimidate or mistreat someone weaker.
Example
The teacher stopped the older boy from trying to bully his classmates.
L'enseignant a arrêté le garçon plus âgé de tenter d'intimider ses camarades de classe.
A2 adjective /ˈkreɪzi/

Crazy

fou; extrêmement stupide; passionné par quelque chose
Meaning
mentally ill; extremely foolish; wildly enthusiastic about something
Example
That's a crazy idea, but it might just work.
C'est une idée folle, mais cela pourrait marcher.
C1 adjective /ˈwɜːrkəbəl/

Workable

réalisable; praticable
Meaning
capable of being done or put into effect; practical
Example
We need a workable solution to solve this problem quickly.
Nous avons besoin d'une solution réalisable pour résoudre ce problème rapidement.
B2 adjective /ɪɡˈzɑːtɪk/

exotic

exotique et attirant
Meaning
Unusual and attractive because it is from a foreign place or culture.
Example
The garden was filled with exotic plants from tropical countries.
Le jardin était rempli de plantes exotiques provenant de pays tropicaux.
C1 noun /mɔːrɡ/

morgue

morgue
Meaning
a place where dead bodies are kept, especially to be identified or claimed
Example
The police took the body to the morgue for identification.
La police a emmené le corps à la morgue pour identification.
B1 noun ɡʊdz

goods

marchandises
Meaning
Merchandise or possessions; things that are bought and sold.
Example
The company produces high-quality goods for export.
L'entreprise produit des marchandises de haute qualité pour l'exportation.
B2 verb /rɪˈzɪst/

resist

résister
Meaning
to oppose or fight against; to withstand
Example
He could not resist the temptation.
Il n'a pas pu résister à la tentation.
C1 verb /diːˈfɒrɪst/

deforest

déboiser
Meaning
to clear an area of trees, usually on a large scale
Example
The region has been heavily deforested for agriculture.
La région a été fortement déboisée pour l'agriculture.
C1 noun ɪkˌstræp.əˈleɪ.ʃən

extrapolation

extrapolation
Meaning
The action of estimating or concluding something by assuming that existing trends will continue.
Example
His extrapolation of market trends helped in financial planning.
Son extrapolation des tendances du marché a aidé à la planification financière.
C1 noun /kənˈtɪnjuəm/

continuum

continuum
Meaning
A continuous sequence in which adjacent elements are not perceptibly different from each other, but the extremes are quite distinct.
Example
Life and death are often seen as part of the same continuum.
La vie et la mort sont souvent considérées comme faisant partie du même continuum.
C1 adjective /ɔːˈneɪt/

ornate

orné
Meaning
elaborately or highly decorated
Example
The palace hall was filled with ornate furniture and paintings.
La salle du palais était remplie de meubles ornés et de peintures.
C1 noun /saɪð/

scythe

faux
Meaning
A tool with a long curved blade used for cutting grass or grain.
Example
The farmer sharpened his scythe before harvesting the wheat.
Le fermier a aiguisé sa faux avant de récolter le blé.
A1 noun /kloʊðz/

clothes

vêtements
Meaning
garments worn on the body
Example
She bought new clothes for the party.
Elle a acheté de nouveaux vêtements pour la fête.
C1 adjective, verb /sɪˈdeɪt/

sedate

sédater
Meaning
calm, quiet, and composed; or to administer a drug to make someone calm or sleep
Example
The nurse sedated the patient before the operation.
L'infirmière a sédaté le patient avant l'opération.
C2 adjective /ˈɛksplɪkəbəl/

explicable

explicable
Meaning
able to be explained or understood
Example
His sudden anger was explicable given the stressful situation.
Sa colère soudaine était explicable compte tenu de la situation stressante.
B2 adjective /ˈɑːrbɪˌtrɛri/

arbitrary

arbitraire
Meaning
based on random choice or personal whim, rather than reason or system
Example
The teacher's arbitrary grading upset many students.
La notation arbitraire de l'enseignant a dérangé de nombreux étudiants.
C2 verb /dɪˈsɪmjʊˌleɪt/

dissimulate

dissimuler
Meaning
To disguise or conceal one's true feelings or intentions.
Example
He tried to dissimulate his fear with a smile.
Il a essayé de dissimuler sa peur avec un sourire.
A2 noun /ˈkʌl.tʃər/

Culture

culture
Meaning
the arts and other manifestations of human intellectual achievement; the customs and beliefs of a particular society
Example
Learning about different cultures helps us understand and appreciate diversity.
Apprendre différentes cultures nous aide à comprendre et à apprécier la diversité.
C2 adjective /haɪˈbɜːrnəl/

hibernal

hivernal
Meaning
Relating to or occurring in winter.
Example
The hibernal season is often harsh in the mountains.
La saison hivernale est souvent rude dans les montagnes.
B2 noun /ˈbɛərɪŋ/

bearing

comportement / posture
Meaning
a person's way of standing or moving; relevance or connection to something
Example
Her calm bearing impressed everyone in the room.
Son comportement calme a impressionné tout le monde dans la pièce.
A2 noun /ɪˌlɛkˈtrɪsɪti/

electricity

électricité
Meaning
A form of energy resulting from the existence of charged particles.
Example
The storm caused a power cut and we had no electricity.
L'orage a provoqué une coupure de courant et nous n'avions pas d'électricité.
A2 noun /reɪt/

rate

taux
Meaning
the cost or price of something, or the amount at which something happens
Example
The rate of inflation is increasing every year.
Le taux d'inflation augmente chaque année.
C1 noun /ˈem.ɪ.nəns/

Eminence

fame; supériorité
Meaning
fame or recognized superiority; high rank or status
Example
The professor achieved eminence in the field of quantum physics.
Le professeur a atteint la célébrité dans le domaine de la physique quantique.
B2 adjective /ˌɪntərˈmiːdiət/

intermediate

intermédiaire
Meaning
Coming between two things in time, place, or order; in the middle level or stage.
Example
She is taking an intermediate-level French course.
Elle suit un cours de français de niveau intermédiaire.
C1 verb dɪˈlɪnieɪt

delineate

décrire de manière précise
Meaning
To describe or portray something precisely
Example
The artist delineated the scene in intricate detail.
L'artiste a délimité la scène avec des détails complexes.
C2 adjective /əˈdʌltəreɪtɪd/

adulterated

Meaning
describes food, drink, or medicine made weaker or impure by the addition of another substance
Example
Authorities seized adulterated drugs from the warehouse.
C2 verb /dɪˈkænt/

decant

décanter
Meaning
To pour liquid gently from one container into another, especially without disturbing the sediment.
Example
She carefully decanted the wine into a clean glass.
Elle a soigneusement versé le vin dans un verre propre.
B1 noun ɪmˈpruːv.mənts

improvements

améliorations
Meaning
The action of making or becoming better; an instance of something becoming or being made better.
Example
Continuous improvements increase productivity.
Les améliorations continues augmentent la productivité.
C1 adjective /kəˈləʊ.kwi.əl/

colloquial

familier
Meaning
Used in ordinary conversation rather than formal speech or writing; informal language.
Example
His colloquial expressions made the speech relatable.
Ses expressions familières ont rendu le discours plus accessible.
B2 noun /dɪsˈmɪsl̩/

dismissal

licenciement, rejet
Meaning
the act of removing someone from their job; the act of treating something as unimportant
Example
His unfair dismissal led to a lawsuit against the company.
Son licenciement injuste a entraîné une poursuite contre l'entreprise.
C1 adjective /ˈprɒdɪɡəl/

prodigal

dissipateur
Meaning
spending money or resources freely and recklessly; wastefully extravagant
Example
The prodigal son returned home after wasting his inheritance.
Le fils prodigue est revenu à la maison après avoir gaspillé son héritage.
B2 adjective /ˈɪrɪteɪtɪd/

irritated

irrité
Meaning
feeling annoyed or impatient; having inflamed or sore physical condition
Example
She felt irritated by the constant noise outside her window.
Elle était irritée par le bruit constant à l’extérieur.
C1 adjective /əbˈstrʌk.tɪv/

Obstructive

obstructif
Meaning
deliberately creating difficulties or preventing progress; hindering or blocking something
Example
The obstructive policies hindered economic growth.
Les politiques obstructives ont entravé la croissance économique.
C2 adjective /ˌrɛpərˈtɔːriəl/

repertorial

répertorial
Meaning
Relating to or characteristic of a repertoire, especially in journalism or performance contexts.
Example
The journalist's repertorial style captured every detail of the unfolding story.
Le style répertorial du journaliste a capturé chaque détail de l'histoire en cours.
B2 verb /ˈkɪdnæp/

kidnap

kidnapper
Meaning
to take someone away illegally by force
Example
The criminals kidnapped the wealthy businessman.
Les criminels ont kidnappé le riche homme d'affaires.
C1 noun /ˈnjuːtrɪənt dɪˈfɪʃənsi/

nutrient deficiency

déficience en nutriments
Meaning
A lack of essential nutrients required for healthy plant growth, which can result in poor crop development, reduced yields, and increased susceptibility to diseases.
Example
Nutrient deficiency in the soil can reduce crop productivity.
La déficience en nutriments dans le sol peut réduire la productivité des cultures.
C1 noun /dɪˈspɜːrʒən/

dispersion

dispersion
Meaning
The action or process of distributing things or people over a wide area.
Example
The dispersion of seeds by the wind helps plants reproduce.
La dispersion des graines par le vent aide les plantes à se reproduire.
C1 phrase ˈiː.kəʊˌsɪs.təm kəˈlæps

ecosystem collapse

effondrement de l'écosystème
Meaning
The complete breakdown of an ecological system, resulting in the inability to maintain its structure and function.
Example
Unchecked deforestation can lead to ecosystem collapse.
La déforestation incontrôlée peut conduire à l'effondrement de l'écosystème.
B2 adjective /ˌθiːəˈrɛtɪkl/

theoretical

théorique
Meaning
Concerned with or based on theory rather than practical application.
Example
The idea remains largely theoretical without real-world evidence.
L'idée reste principalement théorique sans preuve concrète.
C2 noun /traɪst/

tryst

rendez-vous secret
Meaning
a private romantic meeting between lovers
Example
They arranged a secret tryst in the park.
Ils ont organisé un rendez-vous secret dans le parc.
B2 adjective /blænd/

bland

insipide
Meaning
lacking strong features, flavor, or character; dull or uninteresting
Example
The soup was too bland for my taste.
La soupe était trop insipide pour mon goût.
B1 adjective /ˌen.əˈdʒet.ɪk/

Energetic

énergique; actif; plein d'énergie
Meaning
having or showing great activity; vigorous; full of energy
Example
She is very energetic and loves outdoor activities.
Elle est très énergique et adore les activités de plein air.
C1 adjective /ɪˈnɛpt/

inept

inepte
Meaning
lacking skill or ability; clumsy or incompetent
Example
His inept handling of the situation made it worse.
Sa gestion inepte de la situation a empiré les choses.
A1 interjection /oʊ/

oh

Oh
Meaning
used to express surprise, realization, or understanding
Example
Oh, I didn't know you were here!
Oh, je ne savais pas que tu étais ici !
C1 noun /saɪˈteɪʃən/

citation

citation
Meaning
a quotation from or reference to a book, paper, or author
Example
The research paper included a citation from Shakespeare.
L'article de recherche comprenait une citation de Shakespeare.
C2 noun /æbˈsɪʒən/

abscission

chute des feuilles
Meaning
The natural detachment of parts of a plant, typically leaves or fruit.
Example
The autumn season is marked by the abscission of leaves from trees.
La saison automnale est marquée par la chute des feuilles des arbres.
C2 noun /ɪmˌpɜːrtərbəˈbɪləti/

imperturbability

imperturbabilité
Meaning
The quality of being calm and not easily disturbed or upset.
Example
Her imperturbability during the crisis impressed everyone.
Son imperturbabilité pendant la crise a impressionné tout le monde.
B2 verb /ˈraɪpən/

ripen

bonheur
Meaning
to become or make something ready to eat or fully developed
Example
The bananas ripened quickly in the warm weather.
Elle ne pouvait pas cacher son bonheur lorsqu'elle a reçu le prix.
B2 adjective /ˈæp.lɪ.kə.bəl/

applicable

applicable
Meaning
Relevant or appropriate in a particular situation.
Example
This rule is applicable to eye care too.
Cette règle est également applicable aux soins des yeux.
B1 adjective /ˈrel.ə.vənt/

Relevant

pertinent
Meaning
closely connected or appropriate to what is being discussed; pertinent
Example
Please provide only relevant information for this discussion.
Veuillez fournir uniquement des informations pertinentes pour cette discussion.
B2 noun/verb /ˈkwɒr.ən.tiːn/

quarantine

quarantaine
Meaning
A period of isolation to prevent the spread of disease.
Example
The travelers were placed in quarantine for two weeks.
Les voyageurs ont été placés en quarantaine pendant deux semaines.
A1 adjective /ɪmˈpɔː.tənt/

important

important
Meaning
Of great significance or value; likely to have a profound effect on success, survival, or well-being.
Example
Important steps must be taken to address pollution.
Des mesures importantes doivent être prises pour résoudre la pollution.
C2 verb /ˌsuːpərˈæd/

superadd

superajouter
Meaning
to add something to what has already been added
Example
The author chose to superadd a new chapter to the revised edition.
L'auteur a choisi de superajouter un nouveau chapitre à l'édition révisée.
B2 adjective /əˈdʒʌstəbəl/

Adjustable

ajustable; modifiable; réglable;
Meaning
নিয়মযোগ্য; পরিবর্তন-সাধ্য; সমন্বয়যোগ্য;
Example
This chair has an adjustable height feature.
Cette chaise a une hauteur ajustable.
C2 adjective /ɪmˈpræktɪkəbl/

impracticable

impraticable
Meaning
Not capable of being carried out or put into practice.
Example
The plan seemed impracticable due to limited resources.
Le plan semblait impraticable en raison des ressources limitées.
B2 noun /ˈræp.ər/

Wrapper

enveloppe
Meaning
a loose garment worn around the body; covering material
Example
She put on a warm wrapper before going outside.
Elle a mis un manteau chaud avant de sortir.
C2 adjective /ˌprɛsɪˈdɛnʃəl/

precedential

précédent
Meaning
Relating to, or serving as, a precedent; having authority as an example.
Example
The court’s decision has precedential value.
La décision de la cour a une valeur précédente.
A2 noun ˈsen.tərz

centers

centres
Meaning
The middle point of a circle or sphere, equidistant from every point on the circumference or surface; a place or group of buildings where a specified activity is concentrated.
Example
Centers drive regional development.
Les centres favorisent le développement régional.
C2 noun /əˈbrɪdʒmənt/

abridgment

abrégé
Meaning
A shortened version of a larger work, such as a book or speech.
Example
The publisher released an abridgment of the lengthy novel for students.
L'éditeur a publié un abrégé du long roman pour les étudiants.
B2 noun /ˌæl.əˈkeɪ.ʃən/

allocation

allocation
Meaning
The action or process of distributing resources or duties for a particular purpose.
Example
Budget allocation for education must be increased.
L'allocation du budget pour l'éducation doit être augmentée.
B2 noun /ˈsæksəfoʊn/

Saxophone

saxophone
Meaning
a wind musical instrument with a curved metal body and a single reed mouthpiece
Example
The jazz musician played a beautiful solo on his saxophone.
Le musicien de jazz a joué un magnifique solo sur son saxophone.
C1 noun /ˈprɒksi/

proxy

représentant
Meaning
A person authorized to act on behalf of another; a substitute.
Example
She voted by proxy at the meeting.
Elle a voté par procuration lors de la réunion.
C1 verb /lʌl/

lull

apaiser
Meaning
to soothe or calm; to cause to sleep or rest
Example
The gentle music lulled the baby to sleep.
La musique douce a endormi le bébé.
A2 adverb, adjective, verb, noun /ˈfɔːrwərd/

forward

en avant
Meaning
toward the front; to advance or send ahead; an onward position or direction
Example
The troops moved forward to secure the bridge.
Les troupes ont avancé pour sécuriser le pont.
A2 noun ˈmem.bərz

members

membres
Meaning
A person, animal, or plant belonging to a particular group; an individual belonging to a group such as a society or team.
Example
Members collaborate to finalize recruitment decisions.
Les membres collaborent pour finaliser les décisions de recrutement.
C1 adjective /ɪˈmeɪʃieɪtɪd/

emaciated

émacié
Meaning
Abnormally thin or weak, usually due to illness or lack of food.
Example
The emaciated dog was rescued from the abandoned house.
Le chien émacié a été sauvé de la maison abandonnée.
C2 noun /ˈpɒtˌbɔɪlə/

potboiler

livre de série B
Meaning
a book, play, or film produced quickly to make money rather than for artistic value
Example
The novel was dismissed by critics as a mere potboiler.
Le roman a été rejeté par les critiques comme un simple livre de série B.
A2 noun ˈsaɪəns

science

science
Meaning
The intellectual and practical activity encompassing the systematic study of the structure and behaviour of the physical and natural world through observation and experiment.
Example
Science continues to explore the unknown.
La science continue d'explorer l'inconnu.
B2 noun ˈdevəsteɪtɪŋ ˈkɒnsɪkwənsɪz

devastating consequences

conséquences dévastatrices
Meaning
Extremely harmful or destructive results or effects
Example
Air pollution has devastating consequences for health.
La pollution de l'air a des conséquences dévastatrices sur la santé.
C2 adjective /ˌhæɡ.i.əˈɡræf.ɪk/

hagiographic

excessivement élogieux
Meaning
Excessively flattering or idealized, often in a biography or portrayal of someone.
Example
The documentary was criticized for its hagiographic portrayal of the leader.
Le documentaire a été critiqué pour sa représentation excessivement élogieuse du leader.
C1 noun /ˈpriːsɪŋkt/

precinct

arrondissement
Meaning
A district or area within the boundaries of a city, often for police or electoral purposes.
Example
She went to vote at her local precinct.
Elle est allée voter dans son arrondissement local.
B2 noun /ˈves.əl/

vessel

navire
Meaning
A ship or large boat.
Example
The vessel carried critical supplies.
Le navire a transporté des fournitures critiques.
B1 verb /səˈspɛkt/

suspect

soupçonner
Meaning
to believe that someone has done something wrong; to doubt or mistrust
Example
I suspect he is lying about his whereabouts.
Je soupçonne qu'il ment sur son emplacement.
C1 adjective /ˌpɜːrpənˈdɪkjələr/

perpendicular

perpendiculaire
Meaning
At an angle of 90 degrees to a given line, plane, or surface.
Example
The ladder was placed perpendicular to the ground for safety.
L'échelle a été placée perpendiculaire au sol pour des raisons de sécurité.
C1 verb /priːˈɒkjʊpaɪ/

preoccupy

préoccuper
Meaning
To dominate or engross the mind of someone to the exclusion of other thoughts.
Example
Worries about the future preoccupy him constantly.
Les préoccupations concernant l'avenir l'occupent constamment.
A1 noun /bæɡ/

bag

sac
Meaning
a container made of flexible material, used for carrying items
Example
She carried her books in a bag.
Elle a porté ses livres dans un sac.
C1 verb /ˈmʌtər/

mutter

marmonner
Meaning
to speak in a low or barely audible voice, often in dissatisfaction or irritation
Example
He muttered something under his breath as he walked away.
Il marmonna quelque chose sous son souffle en s'éloignant.
A2 noun /ˈɪʃ.uːz/

issues

problèmes
Meaning
Important topics or problems for debate or discussion.
Example
Health issues from pollution are increasing.
Les problèmes de santé liés à la pollution augmentent.
C2 noun /ˈkɒn.kɔːd/

concord

accord ou harmonie
Meaning
Agreement or harmony between people or groups.
Example
The leaders worked towards international concord.
Les dirigeants ont travaillé pour la concorde internationale.
C2 adjective /ˌɪn.ɪˈlʌk.tə.bəl/

ineluctable

inéluctable
Meaning
Impossible to avoid or escape; inevitable.
Example
Death is an ineluctable part of human existence.
La mort est une partie inéluctable de l'existence humaine.
A1 verb /wʊd/

would

ferait
Meaning
used to indicate a future possibility or action in the past
Example
He said he would help me tomorrow.
Il a dit qu'il m'aiderait demain.
C1 noun /njʊəˈrəʊ.sɪs/

neurosis

névrose
Meaning
A relatively mild mental illness that is not caused by organic disease, involving symptoms of stress.
Example
His neurosis made social interactions difficult.
Sa névrose a rendu les interactions sociales difficiles.
A2 noun /daʊt/

Doubt

doute; méfiance; soupçon
Meaning
a feeling of uncertainty or lack of conviction; distrust or suspicion
Example
There was no doubt in her mind that she had made the right decision.
Il n'y avait aucun doute dans son esprit qu'elle avait pris la bonne décision.
C1 noun /tɔːrk/

torque

couple
Meaning
A twisting force that causes rotation.
Example
The mechanic measured the torque of the engine.
Le mecanicien a mesure le couple du moteur.
C2 verb /ˈtɪtər/

titter

rire timidement
Meaning
to laugh in a quiet, nervous, or restrained way
Example
The students began to titter when the projector froze.
Les étudiants ont commencé à rire timidement lorsque le projecteur s'est figé.
B1 noun /ˈkiː.wi/

Kiwi

kiwi
Meaning
a small brown fruit with green flesh and black seeds; a flightless bird from New Zealand
Example
I love eating fresh kiwi for breakfast.
J'adore manger des kiwis frais pour le petit déjeuner.
A2 noun /dʌk/

Duck

canard
Meaning
a waterbird with webbed feet and a broad flat bill
Example
The duck swam gracefully across the lake.
Le canard nage gracieusement à travers le lac.
C2 noun /ˈvɪtrioʊl/

vitriol

critique acerbe
Meaning
harsh and bitter criticism
Example
The politician faced vitriol from the public.
Le politicien a fait face à une critique acerbe du public.
B2 noun /kənˈfɛkʃəneri/

confectionery

confiserie
Meaning
sweets, candies, and other food items made with sugar
Example
The shop sells a wide variety of confectionery.
Le magasin vend une grande variété de confiserie.
A2 noun /ˈhɛlɪˌkɒptər/

helicopter

hélicoptère
Meaning
an aircraft with rotating blades that can take off and land vertically
Example
The helicopter landed safely on the hospital roof.
L'hélicoptère a atterri en toute sécurité sur le toit de l'hôpital.
B1 adjective /ˈtʃɪli/

chilly

froid
Meaning
uncomfortably or unpleasantly cold
Example
It was a chilly morning in December.
C'était un matin froid en décembre.
C2 adjective /ˈpjuːɪsənt/

puissant

puissant
Meaning
having great power or influence; mighty
Example
The king was a puissant ruler whose word was law.
Le roi était un souverain puissant dont la parole faisait loi.
C1 adjective /trænˈsen.dənt/

transcendent

au-delà de l'expérience humaine normale ou simplement physique
Meaning
Beyond or above the range of normal or merely physical human experience.
Example
His art has a transcendent quality.
Son art a une qualité transcendante.
A2 adverb /ˈkwaɪ.ət.li/

Quietly

silencieusement; calmement
Meaning
without making much noise; silently; in a calm manner
Example
She spoke quietly so she wouldn't wake the baby.
Elle parla doucement pour ne pas réveiller le bébé.
B2 noun /swɪŋ/

Swing

balançoire
Meaning
move or cause to move back and forth or from side to side while suspended or on an axis
Example
The children love to swing in the park.
Les enfants adorent se balancer dans le parc.
B1 noun /ˌpʌblɪˈkeɪʃən/

publication

publication
Meaning
the act of making something publicly known or available
Example
The publication of the report sparked a debate.
La publication du rapport a déclenché un débat.
C2 adjective /ɪˈpɪstələri/

epistolary

épistolaire
Meaning
Related to the writing of letters; expressed in or through letters.
Example
The novel is written in an epistolary style, consisting of letters between characters.
Le roman est écrit dans un style épistolaire, composé de lettres échangées entre les personnages.
C2 adjective /ˌdaɪəˈkrɪtɪkəl/

diacritical

diacritique
Meaning
Relating to a mark added to a letter to indicate a different pronunciation or stress.
Example
The word résumé has diacritical marks that change its meaning from resume.
Le mot 'résumé' a des marques diacritiques qui changent sa signification de 'resume'.
C2 verb /ˈædjʊˌleɪt/

adulate

aduler excessivement
Meaning
to praise or flatter excessively
Example
The fans adulated the actor after his performance.
Les fans ont adulé l'acteur après sa performance.
A1 adjective /seɪm/

same

identique
Meaning
identical; not different or changed
Example
We wore the same dress at the party.
Nous avons porté la même robe à la fête.
C1 verb pɚˈpɛtʃ.u.eɪt

perpetuate

maintenir quelque chose en fonctionnement continu ou le conserver pendant longtemps
Meaning
To keep something continuously running or maintain it for a long time.
Example
The media can sometimes perpetuate harmful stereotypes.
Les médias peuvent parfois perpétuer des stéréotypes nuisibles.
B2 noun sɛlf rɪˈlaɪ.əns

self-reliance

autonomie
Meaning
Reliance on one's own powers and resources rather than those of others; independence.
Example
Self-reliance helps build confidence.
L'autonomie aide à construire la confiance.
B1 noun /ˈkʊkər/

cooker

cuisinière; cuiseur
Meaning
a device or appliance used for cooking food; a person or thing that cooks
Example
The rice cooker makes cooking meals much easier.
Le cuiseur à riz rend la cuisine plus facile.
B2 noun ˈruθləs ˌkɑmpəˈtɪʃən

ruthless competition

compétition impitoyable
Meaning
Fierce and merciless rivalry or contest, without pity or compassion.
Example
Ruthless competition for power leads to societal issues.
La compétition impitoyable pour le pouvoir mène à des problèmes sociaux.
C2 adjective /ˈtɔɪl.səm/

toilsome

épuisant
Meaning
Involving hard or exhausting work; laborious.
Example
The workers had a toilsome day in the hot sun.
Les travailleurs ont eu une journée épuisante sous le soleil chaud.
C2 noun /ˌæbsəˈluːʃən/

absolution

absolution
Meaning
formal release from guilt, obligation, or punishment
Example
The priest granted him absolution for his sins.
Le prêtre lui a accordé l'absolution pour ses péchés.
B2 verb /skeər/

scare

effrayer
Meaning
to frighten someone or make them feel afraid
Example
The loud noise scared the baby.
Le bruit fort a effrayé le bébé.
C1 adjective /ɪˈniː.bri.eɪ.tɪd/

inebriated

ivrogne
Meaning
under the influence of alcohol; drunk
Example
He stumbled into the room completely inebriated.
Il est entré dans la pièce complètement ivre.
B1 noun /ˈɪnkʌm/

income

revenu
Meaning
money received for work or through investments
Example
His monthly income is enough to support his family.
Ses revenus mensuels suffisent à soutenir sa famille.
A2 adjective ˈiːkwəl

equal

égal
Meaning
Being the same in quantity, size, degree, or value; having the same status or treatment.
Example
Bose was regarded as Galileo's equal.
Bose a été considéré comme l'égal de Galilée.
C2 adjective /ɪnˈtɛmpərət/

intemperate

intempérant
Meaning
Lacking self-control; immoderate, especially in indulgence.
Example
The politician's intemperate remarks caused controversy.
Les remarques intempérantes du politicien ont causé la controverse.
A2 noun /ˈklɑːsmeɪt/

classmate

camarade de classe
Meaning
a person who is in the same class or course of study as another
Example
I met one of my old classmates at the university event.
J’ai rencontré un ancien camarade de classe lors de l’événement universitaire.
C1 adjective /ˌrɛtroʊˈæktɪv/

retroactive

rétroactif
Meaning
applying to a period before it was enacted or established
Example
The new law was made retroactive to cover past cases.
La nouvelle loi a été rendue rétroactive pour couvrir les affaires passées.
A1 adjective /fɑːst/

Fast

rapide; prompt
Meaning
moving or happening quickly; rapid; swift
Example
She runs very fast in the morning.
Elle court très vite le matin.
C2 noun /brəˈkeɪd/

brocade

tissu brodé
Meaning
a rich fabric woven with a raised pattern, often in gold or silver thread
Example
She wore a beautiful brocade dress to the wedding.
Elle portait une belle robe en brocart au mariage.
A2 adverb /ˈɔːlmoʊst/

almost

presque
Meaning
very nearly, but not exactly or completely
Example
He almost missed the train.
Il a presque raté le train.
C2 adjective /ˈflɒrɪd/

florid

excessivement orné / rougeâtre
Meaning
Having a red or flushed complexion; or excessively ornate and intricate.
Example
The speaker’s florid style made the lecture hard to follow.
Le style excessivement orné du conférencier a rendu la conférence difficile à suivre.
C1 verb /ˈsaɪdˌstɛp/

sidestep

éviter
Meaning
To avoid something by stepping aside; to evade a problem or question indirectly.
Example
The politician tried to sidestep the difficult question.
Le politicien a essayé d'éviter la question difficile.
B1 verb /kənˈvɜːrt/

convert

convertir
Meaning
to change from one form to another; to transform
Example
We can convert this room into an office.
Nous pouvons convertir cette pièce en un bureau.
C2 noun /ˌkɒnvəˈluːʃən/

convolution

convolution, courbe complexe ou structure
Meaning
a twist, coil, or a complex and intricate shape or arrangement
Example
The brain has many convolutions that increase its surface area.
Le cerveau a de nombreuses convolutions qui augmentent sa surface.
B2 verb /ʌpˈhoʊld/

uphold

maintenir
Meaning
to maintain or support a principle, law, or decision
Example
The judge promised to uphold justice at all costs.
Le juge a promis de maintenir la justice à tout prix.