brawl
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C1 noun /brɔːl/

brawl

bagarre
Meaning
a noisy fight in a public place
Example
A brawl broke out outside the bar late at night.
Une bagarre a éclaté dehors du bar tard dans la nuit.
B2 adverb /ˈdʌbli/

doubly

doublement
Meaning
in a twofold manner; to twice the degree
Example
She felt doubly fortunate after winning the prize and getting a promotion.
Elle se sentait doublement chanceuse après avoir gagné le prix et obtenu une promotion.
A2 noun /ˈnoʊ.tɪs/

Notice

avis
Meaning
attention to something; a written or printed announcement
Example
The notice on the board announced the school closure.
L'avis sur le tableau a annoncé la fermeture de l'école.
C1 noun /əˈlɒt.mənt/

allotment

attribution, répartition
Meaning
The distribution or allocation of something, especially resources or portions.
Example
Each department received an allotment of resources.
Chaque département a reçu une attribution de ressources.
A1 modal verb, noun /meɪ/

may

peut-être / mois de mai
Meaning
Used to express possibility, permission, or uncertainty; also the name of the fifth month of the year.
Example
You may leave early if you finish your work.
Tu peux partir tôt si tu finis ton travail.
C2 noun /ˈkælvɪnɪzəm/

calvinism

calvinisme
Meaning
A Protestant theological system based on John Calvin’s teachings, emphasizing predestination and the sovereignty of God.
Example
Calvinism played a major role in shaping Protestant theology.
Le calvinisme a joué un rôle majeur dans la formation de la théologie protestante.
C1 verb /pɜːrdʒ/

purge

purger
Meaning
To remove unwanted feelings, people, or things; to cleanse or purify.
Example
The new leader promised to purge corruption from the government.
Le nouveau leader a promis de purger la corruption du gouvernement.
B2 adjective /ˈræʃ.ən.əl/

Rational

rationnel; raisonnable; logique
Meaning
based on reason and logic; sensible and practical
Example
She made a rational decision based on the available facts.
Elle a pris une décision rationnelle basée sur les faits disponibles.
B2 adverb /ruːˈtiːnli/

routinely

régulièrement
Meaning
as part of a regular procedure; habitually
Example
The staff routinely checks the equipment for safety.
Le personnel vérifie régulièrement l'équipement pour sa sécurité.
A2 noun /ˈmaɪkroʊweɪv/

Microwave

micro-ondes
Meaning
an electric oven that uses electromagnetic radiation to heat food quickly
Example
She heated the leftover pizza in the microwave for two minutes.
Elle a chauffé la pizza restante dans le micro-ondes pendant deux minutes.
C1 noun /traɪˈbjuːnəl/

tribunal

tribunal
Meaning
a court of justice or body established to settle disputes
Example
The case was heard in an international tribunal.
L'affaire a été entendue dans un tribunal international.
B2 adjective /dɪˈprɛst/

depressed

déprimé
Meaning
Feeling very sad and without hope; in a state of unhappiness.
Example
She felt depressed after losing her job.
Elle s'est sentie déprimée après avoir perdu son emploi.
B2 adjective /ˈɔɪl.i/

Oily

huileux; recouvert d'huile; gras
Meaning
covered with oil; containing oil; greasy
Example
Her oily skin needs special care.
Sa peau huileuse a besoin de soins spéciaux.
A2 noun /ˈkiːbɔːrd/

keyboard

clavier
Meaning
a set of keys used to operate a computer, typewriter, or similar device for inputting text and commands
Example
She typed the report quickly on her keyboard.
Elle a tapé le rapport rapidement sur le clavier.
A1 preposition, adverb /əˈlɔːŋ/

along

le long de
Meaning
moving in a constant direction on (a road, path, or surface)
Example
We walked along the river.
Nous avons marché le long de la rivière.
C1 adjective /ˈpɜːrmiəbl̩/

permeable

perméable
Meaning
allowing liquids or gases to pass through
Example
The soil in this area is very permeable to water.
Le sol dans cette région est très perméable à l'eau.
C1 noun speɪst ˌrep.ɪˈtɪʃ.ən

spaced repetition

répétition espacée
Meaning
A learning technique that involves reviewing information at increasing intervals to improve long-term retention.
Example
Spaced repetition helps in long-term memory retention.
La répétition espacée aide à maintenir la mémoire à long terme.
C2 verb /ˌfɔːrˈrʌn/

forerun

précéder
Meaning
To go before; to precede in time, place, or action.
Example
Dark clouds often forerun a storm.
Les nuages sombres annoncent souvent une tempête.
C1 adjective /ˈnɔɪz.ləs/

Noiseless

sans bruit; complètement silencieux
Meaning
making no sound; completely silent
Example
She moved through the house in noiseless steps so as not to wake the baby.
Elle se déplaçait dans la maison avec des pas silencieux pour ne pas réveiller le bébé.
C1 noun /ˈflæn.əl/

Flannel

flanelle
Meaning
a soft woven fabric, typically made of wool or cotton and slightly milled and raised
Example
He wore a warm flannel shirt in winter.
Il portait une chemise en flanelle chaude en hiver.
C1 adjective /ˈsæv.i/

savvy

astucieux, sage
Meaning
Having practical knowledge and the ability to make good judgments.
Example
She is a tech-savvy entrepreneur.
Elle est une entrepreneure experte en technologie.
B2 noun

Longing

désir ardent; nostalgie
B2 noun /plʌɡ/

plug

prise
Meaning
a device used to connect or block an opening
Example
She inserted the plug into the socket.
Elle a inséré la prise dans la prise.
C2 noun /ˌriːkəˌpɪtjʊˈleɪʃən/

recapitulation

récapitulation
Meaning
The act of summarizing or repeating the main points of something.
Example
The professor gave a brief recapitulation of the lecture before ending the class.
Le professeur a donné une brève récapitulation du cours avant de terminer la classe.
C1 noun/verb /ˈbɔɪ/ or /ˈbuːi/

buoy

bouée, maintenir à flot
Meaning
A floating marker on water; to keep something afloat or encourage someone.
Example
The news buoyed their spirits after the loss.
Les nouvelles ont élevé leur esprit après la perte.
C2 noun /ˌfjuːzɪˈleɪd/

fusillade

rafale
Meaning
A series of shots fired or missiles thrown all at the same time or in quick succession.
Example
The soldiers advanced under a fusillade of bullets.
Les soldats ont avancé sous un rafale de balles.
C1 noun /ˈkɒn.vɔɪ/

convoy

convoi
Meaning
a group of vehicles or ships traveling together, often for protection
Example
The military convoy moved through the desert at dawn.
Le convoi militaire a traversé le désert à l'aube.
C2 adjective /ˈsɪmiən/

simian

simien
Meaning
Relating to, resembling, or affecting apes or monkeys.
Example
The scientist studied the simian behavior of the chimpanzees.
Le scientifique a étudié le comportement simien des chimpanzés.
C2 verb /bɪˈkɑːm/

becalm

calmer
Meaning
to make calm or still; to deprive a sailing vessel of wind
Example
The captain tried to becalm the anxious crew.
Le capitaine a essayé de calmer l'équipage anxieux.
B1 noun /ˈædʒɪktɪv/

adjective

adjectif
Meaning
a word that describes or modifies a noun by giving more information about its quality, quantity, or state
Example
The adjective in the sentence adds more detail to the noun.
L’adjectif ajoute des informations au nom.
A2 noun /hɛn/

Hen

poule
Meaning
female chicken
Example
The hen laid fresh eggs in the nest.
La poule a pondu des œufs frais dans le nid.
C2 adjective /ˈdɪsəluːt/

dissolute

dissolu
Meaning
lacking moral restraint; indulging excessively in sensual pleasures
Example
He led a dissolute life filled with parties and gambling.
Il a mené une vie dissolue remplie de fêtes et de jeux d'argent.
C1 noun /fɔːrˈkloʊʒər/

foreclosure

saisie immobilière
Meaning
The legal process by which a lender takes control of a property from a borrower who has failed to make payments.
Example
The family lost their home due to foreclosure after missing several mortgage payments.
La famille a perdu sa maison à cause de la saisie immobilière après avoir manqué plusieurs paiements hypothécaires.
B2 noun ˌkætəˈstrɒfɪk ɪˈvents

catastrophic events

événements catastrophiques
Meaning
Extremely destructive or damaging events that cause widespread devastation.
Example
Cyclones are catastrophic events in Bangladesh.
Les cyclones sont des événements catastrophiques au Bangladesh.
C1 adjective /ˈkræfti/

crafty

rusé, astucieux, sournois
Meaning
skilled at achieving goals through cunning or deceit; sly
Example
The crafty fox evaded the hunters again.
Le renard rusé a de nouveau échappé aux chasseurs.
A2 adverb /əˈkrɒs/

Across

à travers
Meaning
from one side to the other side of something; in every part of a place
Example
The bridge stretches across the river.
Le pont s'étend à travers la rivière.
A1 noun /keɪk/

Cake

gâteau
Meaning
a sweet baked dessert made from flour, sugar, and other ingredients
Example
They ordered a chocolate cake for the birthday party.
Ils ont commandé un gâteau au chocolat pour la fête d'anniversaire.
C1 adjective /ˈpɪt.i.ə.bəl/

pitiable

pitoyable
Meaning
deserving sympathy or compassion
Example
The stray dog looked pitiable in the rain.
Le chien errant avait l'air pitoyable sous la pluie.
C1 verb /ˈstriːm.laɪn/

streamline

rationaliser ou augmenter l'efficacité
Meaning
To make a process simpler and more efficient.
Example
The company aims to streamline production to reduce costs.
L'entreprise vise à simplifier la production pour réduire les coûts.
C1 adjective /loʊθ/

loath

réticent
Meaning
reluctant or unwilling to do something
Example
She was loath to admit her mistake in front of everyone.
Elle était réticente à admettre son erreur devant tout le monde.
B1 noun /ˌdʒen.əˈreɪ.ʃən/

Generation

génération; production;
Meaning
all the people born and living at about the same time; the production or creation of something
Example
Each generation faces unique challenges that shape their worldview and values.
Chaque génération fait face à des défis uniques qui façonnent leur vision du monde et leurs valeurs.
C2 noun /ˈkɒn.tɪ.nəns/

continence

continence
Meaning
self-restraint, especially regarding bodily functions or desires
Example
He practiced continence to maintain focus on his studies.
Il a pratiqué la continence pour maintenir son attention sur ses études.
C2 adjective /ˈpjuːtətɪv/

putative

présumé
Meaning
commonly accepted or supposed; generally regarded as such
Example
He is the putative father of the child.
Il est le père présumé de l'enfant.
C2 noun /ˈbrɪk ə ˌbræk/

bric-a-brac

objets décoratifs
Meaning
Small decorative objects or ornaments, often of little value.
Example
The shelves were filled with old bric-a-brac from her travels.
Les étagères étaient remplies de vieux objets décoratifs de ses voyages.
B2 noun /səˈspens/

Suspense

suspens
Meaning
a feeling of excited or anxious uncertainty about what will happen
Example
The movie kept us in suspense until the very end.
Le film nous a tenus en suspens jusqu'à la fin.
C2 noun ˈtɪl.ɪdʒ

tillage

labours agricoles
Meaning
The preparation of land for growing crops.
Example
Excessive tillage can lead to soil erosion.
Un excès de travail du sol peut entraîner de l'érosion.
B1 adjective ɪˈməʊʃənl

emotional

émotionnel
Meaning
Having feelings that are easily excited and openly displayed.
Example
Visiting the burial site made him emotional.
Visiter le site de sépulture l'a rendu émotionnel.
C2 noun /ˈæn.oʊd/

anode

électrode positive
Meaning
The positive electrode in a device such as a battery, where current flows into a polarized electrical device.
Example
The anode of the battery was corroded after long use.
L'électrode positive de la batterie a été corrodée après une longue utilisation.
B1 adverb /ɪnˈtaɪərli/

Entirely

totalement; complètement
Meaning
completely; wholly; fully
Example
The building was entirely destroyed in the fire.
Le bâtiment a été complètement détruit dans l'incendie.
B2 adjective /ʌnˌkənˈfɜːmd/

Unconfirmed

non confirmé; non vérifié;
Meaning
not confirmed as true or definite; not verified or substantiated
Example
The report remains unconfirmed until we receive official verification.
Le rapport reste non confirmé jusqu'à ce que nous recevions la vérification officielle.
A1 preposition, adverb /bɪˈtwiːn/

between

entre
Meaning
at, into, or across the space separating two objects or regions
Example
She sat between her two friends.
Elle s'est assise entre ses deux amis.
A2 adverb /ˈklɪrli/

clearly

clairement
Meaning
In a way that is easy to perceive, understand, or see.
Example
She spoke clearly so that everyone could understand.
Elle a parlé clairement pour que tout le monde puisse comprendre.
C1 verb məˈnɒp.ə.laɪz

monopolize

monopoliser
Meaning
Control exclusively, dominate market.
Example
The company tried to monopolize the market.
L'entreprise a essayé de monopoliser le marché.
B2 noun /rɪˈstreɪnt/

Restraint

retenue; maîtrise de soi
Meaning
the action of keeping someone or something under control; self-control
Example
She showed great restraint in not responding to the criticism.
Elle a montré une grande maîtrise de soi en ne répondant pas à la critique.
A2 verb; adjective /broʊk/

broke

a cassé; sans argent
Meaning
past tense of break; having no money or being financially poor
Example
I broke my phone last night and now I’m completely broke.
J’ai cassé mon téléphone hier soir et maintenant je suis sans argent.
C1 adjective /ˈstrɛnjuəs/

strenuous

ardu
Meaning
Requiring or using great effort and energy.
Example
Climbing the mountain was a strenuous task.
Grimper la montagne était une tâche ardue.
B1 noun /keɪv/

Cave

grotte; caverne;
Meaning
a large underground chamber in a hill or cliff; a hollow space in rock
Example
The explorers discovered ancient paintings on the cave walls.
Les explorateurs ont découvert des peintures anciennes sur les murs de la grotte.
C2 adjective /ɒmˈnɪp.ə.tənt/

omnipotent

omnipotent
Meaning
Having unlimited power; able to do anything; all-powerful.
Example
In many religions, God is considered omnipotent.
Dans de nombreuses religions, Dieu est considéré comme omnipotent.
A2 adverb /ˈnaɪsli/

nicely

gentiment
Meaning
in a pleasant, kind, or satisfactory manner; carefully and appropriately
Example
She explained the problem nicely so everyone could understand.
Elle a expliqué le problème gentiment pour que tout le monde comprenne.
C1 noun /ˌɛksɪˈkjuːʃənər/

executioner

bourreau
Meaning
A person who carries out a death sentence by execution.
Example
The executioner prepared the gallows for the condemned prisoner.
Le bourreau a préparé la potence pour le prisonnier condamné.
B2 adjective /kənˈdɪʃ.ən.əl/

Conditional

conditionnel; sous condition
Meaning
dependent on certain conditions; not absolute
Example
The job offer is conditional upon passing the background check.
L'offre d'emploi est conditionnelle à la réussite de la vérification des antécédents.
C1 noun /ˈfoʊk.lɔːr/

folk-lore

folklore
Meaning
The traditional beliefs, customs, stories, songs, and practices of a community, passed down through generations.
Example
Bangladeshi folk-lore is rich with myths and legends.
Le folklore français est riche en contes et légendes.
C2 verb /prəˈroʊɡ/

prorogue

suspendre une session
Meaning
to discontinue a session of a parliament or assembly without dissolving it
Example
The president decided to prorogue parliament until the crisis was resolved.
Le président a décidé de suspendre le parlement jusqu'à ce que la crise soit résolue.
B2 noun /ˈlɒk.ɪt/

Locket

pendentif
Meaning
a small ornamental case, typically made of gold or silver, worn on a chain around the neck
Example
She kept her grandmother's photo in the locket.
Elle a gardé la photo de sa grand-mère dans le pendentif.
C1 adjective /ˌsekənd ˈreɪt/

second-rate

de seconde zone
Meaning
Of mediocre or inferior quality.
Example
The movie was entertaining but clearly second-rate compared to the original.
Le film était divertissant mais clairement de seconde zone comparé à l'original.
A2 noun /ˈwɒʃ.ɪŋ məˌʃiːn/

Washing machine

lave-linge
Meaning
a machine for washing clothes and other textiles
Example
The washing machine broke down and needs repair.
Le lave-linge est tombé en panne et a besoin de réparation.
C2 noun /ˈdʌlərd/

dullard

personne stupide
Meaning
a slow or stupid person
Example
He was considered a dullard by his classmates.
Il était considéré comme un idiot par ses camarades de classe.
A2 noun /ˈbɪznəsmæn/

businessman

homme d'affaires
Meaning
a person engaged in commercial or industrial business activities
Example
The businessman invested heavily in new technology.
L'homme d'affaires a investi massivement dans les nouvelles technologies.
B1 adverb /ˈɪnstəntli/

instantly

instantanément
Meaning
immediately, without any delay
Example
He replied instantly to the message.
Il a répondu instantanément au message.
A2 noun /mjuːˈzɪʃən/

musician

musicien
Meaning
a person who plays a musical instrument or is musically talented
Example
He is a talented musician.
C'est un musicien talentueux.
C2 verb /ˈsɜːrkəmskraɪb/

circumscribe

circonscrire
Meaning
to limit or restrict something within boundaries
Example
The rules circumscribe the powers of the committee.
Les règles circonscrivent les pouvoirs du comité.
B2 noun /ˌren.əˈveɪ.ʃən/

Renovation

rénovation; restauration
Meaning
the act of renovating; restoration to a former better state
Example
The old house underwent a complete renovation last year.
La vieille maison a subi une rénovation complète l'année dernière.
C1 noun /ɪˈleɪʃən/

elation

extase
Meaning
A feeling of great happiness and excitement.
Example
His elation was evident after winning the championship.
Son extase était évidente après avoir gagné le championnat.
C2 verb /bɪˈleɪbər/

belabor

insister
Meaning
to argue or elaborate on a subject in excessive detail; to attack verbally or physically
Example
The professor belabored the point until the students grew restless.
Le professeur a insisté sur le point jusqu'à ce que les étudiants deviennent agités.
C2 adjective ˈen.də.krɪn

endocrine

endocrine
Meaning
Relating to or denoting glands that secrete hormones directly into the blood.
Example
The endocrine system regulates metabolism and growth.
Le système endocrinien régule le métabolisme et la croissance.
C1 noun /ˈɡlɒs.ər.i/

Glossary

glossaire
Meaning
an alphabetical list of terms in a particular domain of knowledge with explanations; a brief dictionary
Example
The textbook includes a helpful glossary at the end to define technical terms.
Le manuel comprend un glossaire utile à la fin pour définir les termes techniques.
C2 verb /ʌnˈkaʊtʃ/

uncouch

retirer du canapé (usage rare)
Meaning
to remove from a couch or to release from being laid down (rare/archaic usage)
Example
The surgeon attempted to uncouch the cataract.
Le chirurgien a tenté d'enlever la cataracte.
B2 noun /prɪˈkɔː.ʃən/

Precaution

précaution
Meaning
an action taken in advance to prevent something dangerous or unpleasant from happening
Example
As a precaution, we should bring extra water on the hike.
Comme précaution, nous devrions apporter de l'eau supplémentaire lors de la randonnée.
B1 adjective ˈpræktɪkəl

practical

pratique
Meaning
Concerned with actual use rather than theory; realistic and sensible.
Example
A practical approach is needed for solving complex problems.
Une approche pratique est nécessaire pour résoudre des problèmes complexes.
B1 verb /ˈɒpəreɪtɪŋ/

operating

opérant
Meaning
to control or manage the functioning of something
Example
The company has been operating in this market for five years.
L'entreprise opère sur ce marché depuis cinq ans.
B2 noun ˌjuːtɪlaɪˈzeɪʃən

utilization

utilisation
Meaning
The action of making practical and effective use of something.
Example
Increased plastic utilization calls for better waste management.
L'augmentation de l'utilisation du plastique nécessite une meilleure gestion des déchets.
C1 adjective ɡəˈlæktɪk

galactic

relatif à une galaxie
Meaning
Of or relating to a galaxy or galaxies.
Example
The galactic phenomena observed by the telescope were mesmerizing.
Les phénomènes galactiques observés par le télescope étaient fascinants.
C2 adjective /ˌsæpəˈneɪʃəs/

saponaceous

savonneux
Meaning
Soapy or having the qualities of soap.
Example
The plant has saponaceous leaves that produce foam when rubbed in water.
La plante a des feuilles savonneuses qui produisent de la mousse lorsqu'elles sont frottées dans l'eau.
B1 noun /beɪkt miːt/

Baked meat

viande cuite
Meaning
meat that has been cooked in an oven using dry heat
Example
The baked meat was tender and flavorful.
La viande cuite au four était tendre et savoureuse.
B2 verb /wɪðˈdrɔː/

withdraw

retirer
Meaning
to take money out of an account; to remove or pull back
Example
She needs to withdraw money from the bank.
Elle doit retirer de l'argent de la banque.
B2 adjective /skeərs/

Scarce

rare; difficile à trouver; existant en petites quantités
Meaning
rare; not easily found; existing in small quantities
Example
Fresh water is becoming increasingly scarce in desert regions.
L'eau douce devient de plus en plus rare dans les régions désertiques.
A2 verb /səˈpɔːrt/

support

soutenir
Meaning
to help or assist someone; to hold up or bear the weight of something
Example
The family will support their son through his studies.
La famille soutiendra leur fils dans ses études.
A1 verb, adjective /oʊn/

own

posséder
Meaning
to possess something; belonging to oneself
Example
She owns a beautiful house in the city.
Elle possède une belle maison en ville.
A2 adjective /ˈiː.stərn/

Eastern

oriental
Meaning
relating to or situated in the east; from or characteristic of the eastern part of the world
Example
She studied Eastern philosophy at the university.
Elle a étudié la philosophie orientale à l'université.
A2 noun, verb /fuːl/

fool

idiot
Meaning
a silly or stupid person; to trick someone
Example
He felt like a fool after believing the prank.
Il s'est senti comme un idiot après avoir cru à la blague.
C2 adjective /aɪˈsɒ.krə.nəs/

isochronous

se produisant à intervalles de temps égaux
Meaning
Occurring at equal time intervals; in unison or synchrony.
Example
The pendulum swings are isochronous, repeating at equal intervals.
Les balancements du pendule sont isochrones, se répétant à intervalles égaux.
A2 adjective /ˈsɛntrəl/

central

central
Meaning
Situated in the middle; of the greatest importance.
Example
Water is central to human survival.
L'eau est centrale pour la survie humaine.
C1 verb /ˈkɒnsɪkreɪt/

consecrate

consacrer
Meaning
to make something sacred, usually through a religious ceremony
Example
The church was consecrated by the bishop.
L'église a été consacrée par l'évêque.
B2 noun /ˈaʊtlʊk/

outlook

perspective, prévision
Meaning
a person's general attitude or view; a forecast or prospect
Example
The economic outlook for the year is positive.
Les prévisions économiques pour l'année sont positives.
C1 verb /ˈbɑːrtər/

barter

troc
Meaning
To exchange goods or services without using money.
Example
They bartered their crops for handmade tools.
Ils ont échangé leurs récoltes contre des outils faits à la main.
C2 adjective /ˈtæsɪtɜrn/

taciturn

taciturne
Meaning
reserved or uncommunicative in speech; saying little
Example
He was a taciturn man who rarely spoke in meetings.
C'était un homme taciturne qui parlait rarement lors des réunions.
C1 verb ˈhɪndər

hinder

entraver
Meaning
To obstruct or delay the progress of something
Example
Excessive rain hinders vegetable growth.
La pluie excessive entrave la croissance des légumes.
B1 noun /ˈkɪləɡræm/

kilogram

kilogramme
Meaning
the base unit of mass in the metric system equal to 1,000 grams
Example
The bag of rice weighs five kilograms.
Le sac de riz pèse cinq kilogrammes.
B1 noun /ˈkwɔː.tər/

Quarter

quart
Meaning
one of four equal parts of something; a period of three months
Example
The company reported strong profits in the first quarter of the year.
L'entreprise a rapporté de solides bénéfices au premier trimestre de l'année.
C2 adjective /ˈkjʊərətɪv/

curative

curatif
Meaning
Able to cure disease or restore health.
Example
The doctor prescribed a curative treatment for the illness.
Le médecin a prescrit un traitement curatif pour la maladie.
A1 pronoun /ˈɛvrɪwʌn/

everyone

tout le monde
Meaning
every person; all people
Example
Everyone must bring their own lunch.
Tout le monde doit apporter son propre déjeuner.
B2 verb /ˌɪntərˈfɪər/

interfere

bonheur
Meaning
to become involved in something that is not your concern; to hinder or obstruct
Example
Parents should not interfere in their children’s personal choices.
Elle ne pouvait pas cacher son bonheur quand elle a reçu le prix.
B1 noun /ˌɒpəˈreɪʃən/

operation

opération
Meaning
an act or process of functioning or operating
Example
The hospital performed a successful operation.
L'hôpital a effectué une opération réussie.
C2 adjective /ˈlɪəri/

leery

méfiant
Meaning
Cautious or wary due to suspicion or distrust.
Example
She was leery of investing in the new business.
Elle était méfiante à l'idée d'investir dans le nouveau business.
B2 noun ɪnˌdʌstrɪəlaɪˈzeɪʃən

industrialization

industrialisation
Meaning
The development of industries in a country or region on a wide scale.
Example
Industrialization changed the global economy dramatically.
L'industrialisation a radicalement changé l'économie mondiale.
C2 adjective /ˈdɛsəlˌtɔːri/

desultory

désordonné
Meaning
lacking a clear plan, purpose, or enthusiasm
Example
His desultory conversation bored the audience.
Sa conversation désordonnée ennuyait le public.
C1 noun /ˈdʒet.i/

Jetty

jetée
Meaning
a landing stage or small pier at which boats can dock or be moored
Example
The fishing boats were tied up at the wooden jetty near the harbor.
Les bateaux de pêche étaient amarrés à la jetée en bois près du port.
B1 verb /ˈɒpəreɪt/

operate

fonctionner
Meaning
to function; to control or manage; to perform surgery
Example
The surgeon will operate on the patient tomorrow.
Le chirurgien opérera le patient demain.
C2 noun /ˈɛkwɪpɔɪz/

equipoise

équilibre
Meaning
A state of balance or equilibrium.
Example
Her calmness created an equipoise in the heated debate.
Sa calme a créé un équilibre dans le débat animé.
C2 noun /foʊl fʊt/

Foal-foot

fleur de sabot de cheval
Meaning
a yellow flowering plant with leaves shaped like a horse's hoof, also known as coltsfoot
Example
The foal-foot plant grows wild in many meadows and is often the first flower to bloom in spring.
La plante de fleur de sabot de cheval pousse sauvagement dans de nombreuses prairies et est souvent la première à fleurir au printemps.
C1 verb /trʌdʒ/

trudge

marcher péniblement
Meaning
To walk slowly and with heavy steps, typically because of exhaustion or harsh conditions.
Example
They had to trudge through the snow to reach the village.
Ils ont dû marcher péniblement dans la neige pour atteindre le village.
B1 adjective /ˈmædʒɪkəl/

magical

magique
Meaning
having or producing the charm, beauty, or power of magic
Example
The sunset over the mountains was a magical sight.
Le coucher du soleil sur les montagnes etait un spectacle magique.
C1 noun /ˌɛtɪˈmɒlədʒi/

etymology

étymologie
Meaning
The study of the origin of words and how their meanings and forms have evolved.
Example
The etymology of the word 'salary' comes from the Latin word for salt.
L'étymologie du mot 'salaire' vient du mot latin pour sel.
A2 noun /ʃiːt/

sheet

drap
Meaning
a large piece of cloth or paper, typically used to cover or protect something
Example
I need a clean sheet to cover the bed.
J'ai besoin d'un drap propre pour couvrir le lit.
C2 adjective /ˈæpəˌleɪt/

appellate

relatif aux appels
Meaning
relating to appeals in a court of law
Example
The case was taken to an appellate court.
L'affaire a été portée devant un tribunal d'appel.
C2 noun /ˈætəvɪzəm/

atavism

atavisme
Meaning
The recurrence of traits or characteristics from a remote ancestor.
Example
The scientist noted atavism in the child’s physical features.
Le scientifique a noté de l'atavisme dans les caractéristiques physiques de l'enfant.
C1 noun /ˌɪnkɑːrˈneɪʃən/

incarnation

incarnation
Meaning
the embodiment of a deity, spirit, or quality in a physical form
Example
The monk was considered the incarnation of compassion.
Le moine était considéré comme l'incarnation de la compassion.
C2 noun /ɔːrˈθɑːɡrəfi/

orthography

orthographe
Meaning
The conventional spelling system of a language.
Example
English orthography can be confusing for learners.
L'orthographe anglaise peut être déroutante pour les apprenants.
C1 adjective /ˌmʌltɪˈfæsɪtɪd/

multifaceted

multifacette
Meaning
Having many different aspects or features
Example
The multifaceted approach to the problem resulted in innovative solutions.
L'approche multifacette du problème a abouti à des solutions innovantes.
C1 noun ɔːˈstɛr.ɪ.ti

austerity

austérité
Meaning
Simple and disciplined lifestyle, avoiding luxury.
Example
The government implemented austerity measures to reduce expenses.
Le gouvernement a mis en place des mesures d'austérité pour réduire les dépenses.
B2 verb /reɪp/

rape

viol
Meaning
to force someone to have sexual intercourse without their consent
Example
The law strictly punishes those who commit rape.
La loi punit sévèrement ceux qui commettent un viol.