axiom
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C1 noun ˈæk.si.əm

axiom

axiome
Meaning
A statement or principle that is considered true and does not require proof.
Example
Actions speak louder than words is a well-known axiom.
Les actions parlent plus fort que les mots, c'est un axiome bien connu.
C1 noun /ˈɑːrmfʊl/

armful

bras plein
Meaning
As much as can be carried in one or both arms.
Example
She carried an armful of books into the library.
Elle a porté un bras plein de livres à la bibliothèque.
C1 verb /ˈtrɛspəs/

trespass

empiéter
Meaning
to enter someone's land or property without permission
Example
He was fined for trespassing on private land.
Il a été condamné à une amende pour avoir pénétré sur une propriété privée.
C1 noun /kæʃ/

cache

cache
Meaning
A hidden storage of items or a high-speed memory in computing.
Example
The hikers found a cache of supplies hidden under the rocks.
Les randonneurs ont trouvé un cache de fournitures caché sous les roches.
C1 noun /ˈθɪk.ɪt/

Thicket

buisson; fourré
Meaning
a dense group of bushes or trees; a thick growth of shrubs
Example
The rabbit disappeared into the thicket.
Le lapin a disparu dans le fourré.
C1 verb /ˈæbdɪkeɪt/

abdicate

abdiquer
Meaning
To give up a position of power or responsibility, especially a throne.
Example
The king decided to abdicate the throne.
Le roi a décidé d'abdiquer du trône.
C1 noun /ˈnoʊ.və/

Nova

nova
Meaning
a star that suddenly increases greatly in brightness
Example
Astronomers discovered a new nova in the constellation.
Les astronomes ont découvert une nouvelle nova dans la constellation.
C1 noun (plural) /ˈhɪntərlændz/

hinterlands

zones reculées
Meaning
Plural of hinterland; remote or less developed regions.
Example
Explorers traveled deep into the hinterlands of the country.
Les explorateurs ont voyagé profondément dans les zones reculées du pays.
C1 noun /ˈplez.ən.tri/

Pleasantry

politesse
Meaning
a remark made in order to be polite or friendly; light conversation or jokes
Example
They exchanged pleasantries before the meeting began.
Ils ont échangé des politesses avant que la réunion ne commence.
C1 adjective /ˌpæθəˈdʒɛnɪk/

pathogenic

pathogène
Meaning
Capable of causing disease.
Example
Some bacteria are harmless, while others are highly pathogenic.
Certaines bactéries sont inoffensives, tandis que d'autres sont très pathogènes.
C1 noun /ˈpɛndjələm/

pendulum

pendule
Meaning
A weight suspended from a pivot so that it swings freely, often used to regulate clocks.
Example
The pendulum swung back and forth inside the clock.
Le pendule oscillait d'avant en arrière à l'intérieur de l'horloge.
C1 noun /ɪmˈpɛd.ɪ.mənt/

impediment

obstacle
Meaning
A hindrance or obstruction in doing something; something that prevents progress.
Example
Lack of funds is a major impediment to the project.
Le manque de fonds est un obstacle majeur pour le projet.
C1 verb /ˌɪntəˈsɛkt/

intersect

croiser
Meaning
to cross or pass through each other
Example
The two roads intersect at the city center.
Les deux routes se croisent au centre-ville.
C1 adjective /prɪˈsɪpɪtəs/

precipitous

pentu ou soudain
Meaning
Extremely steep or sudden; done quickly without careful consideration.
Example
The hikers struggled to climb the precipitous slope.
Les randonneurs ont eu du mal à grimper la pente pentue.
C1 verb /spɜːrn/

spurn

rejeter avec dédain
Meaning
To reject something or someone with disdain or contempt.
Example
She spurned his offer of help.
Elle a rejeté son offre d'aide avec mépris.
C1 noun /kənˈsɜːvəˌtɔːri/

conservatory

serre / école de musique et d'art
Meaning
A greenhouse for growing plants or a school for music and the arts.
Example
They grew exotic plants in the conservatory.
Ils ont cultivé des plantes exotiques dans la serre.
C1 verb /fɔːrˈseɪk/

forsake

abandonner
Meaning
to abandon or give up something or someone
Example
He decided not to forsake his old friends despite his success.
Il a décidé de ne pas abandonner ses vieux amis malgré son succès.
C1 adjective/verb /ˈkɒn.sə.mət/

consummate

compléter ou perfectionner quelque chose avec une grande habileté
Meaning
To complete or perfect something with great skill
Example
He is a consummate artist with years of experience.
C'est un artiste consommé avec des années d'expérience.
C1 noun /ˌdɪs.kʌl.əˈreɪ.ʃən/

discoloration

décoloration
Meaning
The process of changing or losing color; fading.
Example
Sun exposure causes discoloration of fabrics.
L'exposition au soleil provoque la décoloration des tissus.
C1 adverb /ˌmæθəˈmætɪkli/

mathematically

mathématiquement
Meaning
in a way that relates to mathematics; using numbers, formulas, or logical calculation
Example
The problem can be solved mathematically rather than by guesswork.
Le problème peut être résolu mathématiquement plutôt que par des suppositions.
C1 noun /ˈɡraʊnd kruː/

ground crew

équipe au sol
Meaning
a team of people who maintain and service aircraft on the ground
Example
The ground crew prepared the plane for takeoff.
L'équipe au sol a préparé l'avion pour le décollage.
C1 noun /ˈpɜːrdʒəri/

perjury

parjure
Meaning
The offense of willfully telling an untruth in a court after taking an oath.
Example
She was convicted of perjury after giving false evidence.
Elle a été condamnée pour parjure après avoir donné de faux témoignages.
C1 verb /ˈsɛvər/

sever

couper, rompre des relations
Meaning
to cut off or separate, especially by cutting; to end a connection or relationship
Example
He had to sever ties with the company after the dispute.
Il a dû rompre ses liens avec l'entreprise après le différend.
C1 adjective /praɪˈmiːvəl/

primeval

primitif
Meaning
Relating to the earliest ages in history; ancient and primitive.
Example
The explorers ventured into the primeval forest untouched by humans.
Les explorateurs se sont aventurés dans la forêt primitive, inchangée par les humains.
C1 adjective /ʃrɪl/

shrill

son aigu
Meaning
High-pitched and piercing in sound.
Example
The shrill whistle startled everyone in the room.
Le sifflement aigu a surpris tout le monde dans la pièce.
C1 adjective /ˈmuː.və.bl̩/

Movable

mobile; portable; déplaçable
Meaning
capable of being moved; not fixed in position
Example
The furniture is movable so we can rearrange the room easily.
Le mobilier est mobile, nous pouvons donc réorganiser la pièce facilement.
C1 noun /ˈɪtʃ.i.nəs/

itchiness

démangeaison
Meaning
The quality or condition of feeling an irritating sensation on the skin that causes a desire to scratch.
Example
Eye itchiness often leads to rubbing.
Les démangeaisons oculaires entraînent souvent des frottements.
C1 verb /ˈsɪvɪlaɪz/

civilize

civiliser
Meaning
to bring a society or group to a more developed, organized, or socially acceptable state; to educate and refine behavior
Example
Education can help civilize communities by promoting shared values and respect.
L’éducation peut aider à civiliser les communautés en favorisant des valeurs partagées et le respect.
C1 adverb /ˈaʊtwədli/

Outwardly

extérieurement; en apparence;
Meaning
on the surface; externally; in appearance
Example
Outwardly, he seemed calm, but inside he was nervous.
Extérieurement, il semblait calme, mais à l'intérieur, il était nerveux.
C1 adjective /ˈstɛlər/

stellar

exceptionnel
Meaning
Relating to stars; outstanding or excellent.
Example
She gave a stellar performance in the play.
Elle a donné une performance exceptionnelle dans la pièce.
C1 verb /struː/

strew

répandre
Meaning
to scatter or spread things untidily over a surface or area
Example
Clothes were strewn across the floor.
Les vêtements étaient éparpillés sur le sol.
C1 noun /ˌpeɪ.li.ɒnˈtɒl.ə.dʒi/

paleontology

paléontologie
Meaning
the branch of science concerned with fossil animals and plants
Example
She decided to study paleontology at university.
Elle a décidé d'étudier la paléontologie à l'université.
C1 adjective /pərˈsɛptəbl̩/

perceptible

perceptible
Meaning
Able to be noticed or recognized by the senses or the mind.
Example
There was a perceptible change in the atmosphere.
Il y a eu un changement perceptible dans l'atmosphère.
C1 noun /ˈpɪt.fɔːl/

pitfall

piège, difficulté
Meaning
a hidden or unexpected danger or difficulty
Example
Investors must be aware of the pitfalls of the market.
Les investisseurs doivent être conscients des pièges du marché.
C1 adjective /ʌnˈkwaɪ.ət/

Unquiet

agité; anxieux; perturbé
Meaning
restless; unable to remain still or quiet; anxious or troubled
Example
She spent an unquiet night worrying about the exam results.
Elle a passé une nuit agitée à s'inquiéter des résultats de l'examen.
C1 noun /ˌmɛrɪˈtɒkrəsi/

meritocracy

méritocratie
Meaning
A system in which advancement is based on individual ability or achievement.
Example
In a true meritocracy, the most capable people rise to leadership positions.
Dans une véritable méritocratie, les personnes les plus compétentes accèdent aux positions de leadership.
C1 verb /ɪnˈtruːd/

intrude

interrompre
Meaning
To enter a place or situation where one is not wanted or not invited.
Example
He felt embarrassed to intrude on their private conversation.
Il s'est senti embarrassé d'interrompre leur conversation privée.
C1 adjective məˈθɒd.ɪ.kəl

methodical

méthodique
Meaning
Done according to a systematic or established procedure; orderly and systematic.
Example
His methodical research produced reliable results.
Ses recherches méthodiques ont produit des résultats fiables.
C1 verb /aʊtˈlæst/

outlast

durer plus longtemps que
Meaning
to continue longer than; to endure beyond someone or something else
Example
The old castle has outlasted many generations.
Le vieux château a duré plus longtemps que de nombreuses générations.
C1 verb /kənˈvɜːrdʒ/

converge

converger
Meaning
to come together from different directions; to meet at a point
Example
The roads converge at the city center.
Les routes convergent au centre-ville.
C1 verb /ˈfʌmbəl/

fumble

brouiller
Meaning
to handle something clumsily or to make mistakes while doing something
Example
He fumbled with the keys and dropped them on the floor.
Il a trébuché avec les clés et les a laissées tomber par terre.
C1 noun/verb /ˈslʌmbər/

slumber

sommeil
Meaning
A state of sleep; to sleep lightly or rest.
Example
The child slumbered peacefully through the night.
L'enfant a dormi paisiblement toute la nuit.
C1 verb /ˈræn.də.maɪz/

randomize

aléatoiriser
Meaning
To make something happen in a random order or manner.
Example
The software can randomize the order of questions.
Le logiciel peut randomiser l'ordre des questions.
C1 adverb /ˌðɛərˈʌv/

Thereof

de cela
Meaning
of that; from that
Example
The contract and all amendments thereof must be signed.
Le contrat et toutes les modifications de cela doivent être signés.
C1 noun /ˈleɪ.mən/

Layman

personne ordinaire; personne sans connaissances professionnelles
Meaning
a person without professional or specialized knowledge in a particular subject
Example
The doctor explained the procedure in layman's terms.
Le médecin a expliqué la procédure en termes simples.
C1 noun /rɑk sɔlt/

Rock Salt

sel de roche
Meaning
natural salt crystals formed from evaporated ancient seas; unrefined salt
Example
Rock salt is considered healthier than table salt.
Le sel de roche est considéré comme plus sain que le sel de table.
C1 noun /ˈtɜː.mɔɪl/

turmoil

tourmente
Meaning
A state of great disturbance, confusion, or uncertainty.
Example
The political turmoil led to mass protests.
Le turmoil politique a conduit à des manifestations de masse.
C1 noun /kəmˈpʌl.ʃən/

Compulsion

compulsion; contrainte;
Meaning
the action or state of forcing or being forced to do something; an irresistible urge to behave in a certain way
Example
He felt a strong compulsion to check his phone every few minutes.
Il ressentait une forte compulsion de vérifier son téléphone toutes les quelques minutes.
C1 adverb /ˈɡeɪ.li/

Gaily

joyeusement; gaiement
Meaning
in a cheerful and lively manner
Example
The children danced gaily at the festival.
Les enfants ont dansé joyeusement lors du festival.
C1 adjective /ˈpɑːndərəs/

ponderous

lourd et lent
Meaning
slow and clumsy because of great weight; dull and labored
Example
The ponderous lecture made it hard for students to stay awake.
Le cours lourd et lent rendait difficile pour les étudiants de rester éveillés.
C1 noun /ˈæbdəmən/

abdomen

abdomen
Meaning
The part of the body below the chest and above the hips that contains the stomach and other organs.
Example
He complained of pain in his abdomen.
Il s'est plaint de douleur dans son abdomen.
C1 noun /ˈtrɛʒərər/

treasurer

trésorier
Meaning
a person responsible for managing the financial affairs of an organization
Example
The treasurer presented the annual financial report.
Le trésorier a présenté le rapport financier annuel.
C1 verb /ˈswɛltər/

swelter

souffrir de chaleur intense
Meaning
to suffer from intense heat
Example
We began to swelter in the midday sun.
Nous avons commencé à transpirer sous le soleil de midi.
C1 noun /ˈkɔːrdən/

cordon

cordon de sécurité
Meaning
a line or circle of police, soldiers, or guards preventing access
Example
The police set up a cordon around the crime scene.
La police a établi un cordon autour de la scène du crime.
C1 noun /ˈsɒl.ɪs/

Solace

réconfort
Meaning
comfort or consolation in a time of distress or sadness
Example
She found solace in music after her loss.
Elle a trouvé du réconfort dans la musique après sa perte.
C1 adjective /smʌɡ/

smug

prétentieux
Meaning
having or showing an excessive pride in oneself or one's achievements
Example
He wore a smug smile after winning the debate.
Il portait un sourire prétentieux après avoir gagné le débat.
C1 noun /vəˈræs.ə.ti/

veracity

vérité
Meaning
Conformity to facts; accuracy and truthfulness.
Example
The journalist checked the veracity of the report.
Le journaliste a vérifié la véracité du rapport.
C1 verb /ˌɪn.tɚˈtwaɪn/

intertwine

connecter ou lier étroitement; tordre ou combiner étroitement
Meaning
To connect or link closely; to twist together or combine closely.
Example
Their lives became intertwined through years of friendship.
Leurs vies se sont entrelacées au fil des années d'amitié.
C1 verb /ˈkwɪkən/

quicken

accélérer
Meaning
to make or become faster; to accelerate
Example
His pulse began to quicken as he approached the finish line.
Son pouls a commencé à s'accélérer à mesure qu'il s'approchait de la ligne d'arrivée.
C1 noun /kəˈmoʊʃən/

commotion

agitation
Meaning
A state of noisy confusion or disturbance.
Example
The sudden commotion in the market drew everyone's attention.
L'agitation soudaine au marché a attiré l'attention de tout le monde.
C1 adjective /ˈfɛrəl/

feral

sauvage
Meaning
existing in a wild or untamed state; not domesticated
Example
The feral cat roamed the streets at night.
Le chat sauvage errait dans les rues la nuit.
C1 adjective /ʌlˈtɪəriər/

ulterior

motif caché
Meaning
hidden or secret, often with a selfish motive
Example
He invited her with an ulterior motive.
Il l'a invitée avec un motif caché.
C1 adjective ˈtæs.ɪt

tacit

tacite
Meaning
Understood or implied without being openly expressed or stated
Example
Their mutual understanding was based on tacit agreement.
Leurs compréhensions mutuelles reposaient sur un accord tacite.
C1 noun /ˈlɔːsuːt/

lawsuit

poursuite
Meaning
a legal case brought to a court of law by one person against another
Example
The company faced a lawsuit over false advertising.
L'entreprise a fait face à une poursuite pour publicité mensongère.
C1 noun /ˈʌndərˌwɜːrld/

underworld

sous-monde
Meaning
The criminal world of organized crime or the mythical world of the dead.
Example
The detective spent years studying the secrets of the underworld.
Le détective a passé des années à étudier les secrets du sous-monde.
C1 noun /ˈɪnlɛt/

inlet

entrée
Meaning
A small arm of the sea, a lake, or a river; an opening or passage for entry.
Example
The boat entered a narrow inlet along the coast.
Le bateau est entré dans une entrée étroite le long de la côte.
C1 verb /əˈbɔːrt/

abort

avorter; annuler
Meaning
to stop a process or action before it is completed; to end a pregnancy deliberately
Example
The pilot decided to abort the mission due to bad weather.
Le pilote a décidé d’avorter la mission à cause du mauvais temps.
C1 noun /fɑːrs/

farce

farce
Meaning
a comic dramatic work using buffoonery and horseplay, or a ridiculous situation
Example
The meeting turned into a complete farce with everyone arguing.
La réunion est devenue une vraie farce avec tout le monde qui se disputait.
C1 noun /læps/

Lapse

erreur temporaire; lapsus;
Meaning
a temporary failure of concentration, memory, or judgment; the termination of a right or privilege
Example
There was a brief lapse in security that allowed the intruder to enter the building.
Il y a eu une brève erreur de sécurité qui a permis à l'intrus d'entrer dans le bâtiment.
C1 adjective /ˈevər ˈlæstɪŋ/

Ever-lasting

éternel; permanent;
Meaning
eternal; permanent; enduring forever
Example
Their love is ever-lasting and will never fade.
Leur amour est éternel et ne s'éteindra jamais.
C1 verb /ɪˈlɪsɪt/

elicit

éliciter
Meaning
To draw out a response, answer, or reaction from someone.
Example
The teacher’s question elicited thoughtful answers from the students.
La question du professeur a suscité des réponses réfléchies des élèves.
C1 verb ɪmˈbjuː

Imbue

Mélanger une idée ou un sentiment profondément dans l'esprit de quelqu'un
Meaning
Mixing some idea or feeling deeply into someone's mind
Example
The teacher tried to imbue students with a love for learning.
L'enseignant a essayé d'inculquer aux élèves un amour de l'apprentissage.
C1 verb /ˈstæmər/

stammer

bégayer
Meaning
To speak with sudden involuntary pauses and a tendency to repeat the initial letters of words.
Example
The nervous student began to stammer during his speech.
L'étudiant nerveux a commencé à bégayer pendant son discours.
C1 verb কনডেন্স

condense

se condenser
Meaning
To change from gas to liquid form; to become denser.
Example
Water vapor condenses into raindrops.
La vapeur d'eau se condense en gouttes de pluie.
C1 adjective /ɪˈvæljʊətɪv/

evaluative

évaluatif
Meaning
Relating to or involving evaluation or assessment.
Example
The evaluative phase of the project involves assessing its success.
La phase évaluative du projet consiste à évaluer son succès.
C1 noun /ˈpæntəmaɪm/

pantomime

pantomime
Meaning
A type of theatrical performance using gestures and movements without spoken words; in Britain, a musical comedy play for families performed at Christmas.
Example
The children enjoyed the Christmas pantomime at the local theater.
Les enfants ont apprécié la pantomime de Noël au théâtre local.
C1 adjective /ˈlæk.tɪk/

lactic

relatif au lait ou à l'acide lactique
Meaning
Relating to milk or lactic acid.
Example
Intense exercise can lead to a buildup of lactic acid in the muscles.
Un exercice intense peut entraîner une accumulation d'acide lactique dans les muscles.
C1 noun /prɒɡˈnoʊsɪs/

prognosis

pronostic
Meaning
A forecast of the likely outcome of a disease or situation.
Example
The doctor gave a positive prognosis for the patient's recovery.
Le médecin a donné un pronostic positif pour la récupération du patient.
C1 noun /ˈnɜr.tʃər/

Nurture

nourrir
Meaning
the process of caring for and encouraging growth or development
Example
Good parenting involves both nature and nurture.
Un bon parent implique à la fois la nature et l'éducation.
C1 noun /ˈɡrɪd.lɒk/

gridlock

embouteillage complet ou condition d'arrêt du trafic
Meaning
Complete traffic jam or standstill condition where vehicles cannot move.
Example
A major accident led to gridlock in the city center.
Un grand accident a causé un embouteillage dans le centre-ville.
C1 adjective /ˈpɪər.ləs/

Peerless

incomparable; sans égal; sans rival
Meaning
unequaled; having no match or equal; without rival
Example
Her peerless beauty captivated everyone.
Sa beauté incomparable a captivé tout le monde.
C1 noun /ˈkʌntrɪmən/

countryman

compatriote
Meaning
a person from one's own country or rural area
Example
He was proud to meet a fellow countryman at the international conference.
Il était fier de rencontrer un compatriote à la conférence internationale.
C1 adjective /ɪˈlɪptɪkl/

elliptical

elliptique
Meaning
Having the shape of an ellipse; also, a style of speech that is concise and sometimes obscure.
Example
The planet follows an elliptical orbit around the sun.
La planète suit une orbite elliptique autour du soleil.
C1 adjective /bræʃ/

brash

effronté
Meaning
self-assertive in a rude, noisy, or overconfident way
Example
His brash comments offended many people at the meeting.
Ses commentaires effrontés ont offensé de nombreuses personnes à la réunion.
C1 noun /ˈvaɪəˌleɪtər/

violator

violateur
Meaning
A person who breaks or disregards a law, rule, or agreement.
Example
The police caught the traffic violator at the intersection.
La police a attrapé le violateur du code de la route à l'intersection.
C1 noun /ˈtriːtɪs/

treatise

traité
Meaning
a formal and systematic written work dealing with a subject in detail
Example
He wrote a treatise on modern economic theory.
Il a écrit un traité sur la théorie économique moderne.
C1 adjective /ˈkæni/

canny

astucieux
Meaning
Having good judgment, especially in business or practical matters; shrewd.
Example
She made a canny investment in real estate.
Elle a fait un investissement astucieux dans l'immobilier.
C1 adjective /ˈdiːviəs/

devious

sournois
Meaning
Skillful at using underhanded tactics to achieve goals; not straightforward.
Example
He used a devious plan to gain control of the company.
Il a utilisé un plan sournois pour prendre le contrôle de l'entreprise.
C1 noun /ˈderˌdevəl/

daredevil

courageux imprudent
Meaning
A person who enjoys doing dangerous or risky things.
Example
The stunt was performed by a famous daredevil.
L'acrobatie a été réalisée par un célèbre imprudent.
C1 noun əˈpreɪ.zəl

appraisal

évaluation
Meaning
An assessment or evaluation of performance or quality.
Example
The annual appraisal determines salary increments.
L'évaluation annuelle détermine les augmentations salariales.
C1 noun /ˈweɪ.stɪdʒ/

Wastage

gaspillage
Meaning
the action of using or expending something carelessly or without purpose
Example
The company reduced food wastage by implementing better inventory management.
L'entreprise a réduit le gaspillage alimentaire en mettant en place une meilleure gestion des stocks.
C1 adjective /ˈhɑːrdi/

hardy

robuste, résistant
Meaning
Strong, robust, and capable of enduring difficult conditions.
Example
Hardy plants can survive the harsh winter.
Les plantes robustes peuvent survivre à l'hiver rigoureux.
C1 adjective /ˈæmərəs/

amorous

amoureux
Meaning
Showing, feeling, or relating to romantic love or desire.
Example
He sent her an amorous letter filled with declarations of love.
Il lui a envoyé une lettre amoureuse pleine de déclarations d'amour.
C1 noun /ˈdɔːrˌkiːpər/

doorkeeper

portier
Meaning
A person whose job is to guard or manage the entrance of a building or room.
Example
The doorkeeper checked everyone’s passes before they entered the hall.
Le doorkeeper a vérifié les passes de tous avant qu'ils n'entrent dans la salle.
C1 noun /baʊt/

Bout

combat; lutte; période;
Meaning
a short period of intense activity of a specified kind; a wrestling or boxing match
Example
After a bout of illness, she finally recovered and returned to work.
Après une période de maladie, elle s'est finalement rétablie et est retournée au travail.
C1 noun ˌwɛðəraɪˈzeɪʃən

weatherization

météo-optimisation
Meaning
The practice of protecting a building and its interior from the elements.
Example
The house underwent weatherization to improve energy efficiency.
La maison a subi une opération de météo-optimisation pour améliorer l'efficacité énergétique.
C1 noun/verb /ˈætrəfi/

atrophy

atrophie
Meaning
a decrease in size or wasting away of a body part, tissue, or ability due to lack of use
Example
Without regular exercise, muscles may atrophy over time.
Sans exercice régulier, les muscles peuvent s'atrophier avec le temps.
C1 adjective /ˈflæʃi/

flashy

voyant, ostentatoire
Meaning
ostentatious or showy in a way that attracts attention
Example
He drove a flashy sports car through the city streets.
Il a conduit une voiture de sport voyante dans les rues de la ville.
C1 noun /ˈwɔː.tər ˈtʃes.nʌt/

Water Chestnut

châtaigne d'eau
Meaning
aquatic plant with edible white crisp tubers
Example
Water chestnuts add a nice crunch to stir-fry dishes.
Les châtaignes d'eau ajoutent un croquant agréable aux plats sautés.
C1 verb /ˌoʊvərˈpaʊər/

overpower

dominer
Meaning
To defeat or gain control over someone or something by using greater strength or force.
Example
The soldiers managed to overpower the enemy forces.
Les soldats ont réussi à dominer les forces ennemies.
C1 noun /ˈtɛstəmənt/

testament

testament / preuve
Meaning
a person's will; or strong evidence of something
Example
His success is a testament to his hard work and dedication.
Son succès est un testament de son travail acharné et de son dévouement.
C1 noun /beɪl/

bail

caution
Meaning
the temporary release of an accused person awaiting trial, often with a financial guarantee
Example
He was granted bail after his arrest.
Il a obtenu une caution après son arrestation.
C1 noun /ˈblɛm.ɪʃ/

blemish

imperfection
Meaning
A small mark or flaw that spoils the appearance of something.
Example
The mirror had a small blemish on the surface.
Le miroir avait une petite imperfection sur la surface.
C1 noun /ˈpəʊstˌskrɪpt/

postscript

post-scriptum
Meaning
an additional remark at the end of a letter or text, after the signature
Example
She added a brief postscript to thank him again.
Elle a ajouté une brève post-scriptum pour le remercier à nouveau.
C1 adjective /ˈfɔːrmətɪv/

formative

formateur
Meaning
Having a lasting influence on a person's development or character.
Example
Childhood is often described as a formative stage in life.
L'enfance est souvent décrite comme une étape formatrice dans la vie.
C1 noun ˈdɪl.ɪ.dʒəns

diligence

diligence
Meaning
Careful and persistent work or effort.
Example
Success requires patience and diligence.
Le succès nécessite de la patience et de la diligence.
C1 noun /ˈmɑːrtər/

Martyr

martyr
Meaning
A person who is killed because of their religious or political beliefs
Example
He became a martyr for the cause of freedom and democracy.
Il est devenu un martyr pour la cause de la liberté et de la démocratie.
C1 adjective /ˌfɪz.i.əˈlɒdʒ.ɪ.kəl/

physiological

relatif aux fonctions et activités corporelles
Meaning
Relating to bodily functions and activities.
Example
Exercise improves physiological functions of the body.
L'exercice améliore les fonctions physiologiques du corps.
C1 noun /rɪˈnaʊn/

Renown

renommée; célébrité
Meaning
the condition of being known or talked about by many people; fame
Example
The scientist achieved international renown for her discoveries.
La scientifique a atteint une renommée internationale pour ses découvertes.
C1 adjective /iːsˈθɛθɪkəl/

aesthetical

esthétique
Meaning
concerned with beauty or the appreciation of beauty; related to artistic taste or appearance
Example
The architect focused on the aesthetical balance of the building.
L’architecte s’est concentré sur l’équilibre esthétique du bâtiment.
C1 noun /ˌɪnklɪˈneɪʃən/

inclination

inclination
Meaning
A natural tendency or urge to act or feel in a particular way.
Example
She has an inclination towards helping others.
Elle a une inclination à aider les autres.
C1 noun /əˈliː.dʒəns/

allegiance

allégeance
Meaning
Loyalty or commitment of a subordinate to a superior or of an individual to a group or cause.
Example
Soldiers take an oath of allegiance to their country.
Les soldats prêtent un serment d'allégeance à leur pays.
C1 verb /ˈprɒpəɡeɪt/

propagate

propager
Meaning
To spread or transmit an idea, belief, or information widely; also to reproduce in plants or animals.
Example
Scientists work to propagate the species in captivity.
Les scientifiques travaillent à propager les espèces en captivité.
C1 adjective /dɪˈlɪriəs/

delirious

délirant
Meaning
in an extremely disturbed or excited state of mind, often due to illness or emotion
Example
He was delirious with fever and kept muttering nonsense.
Il était délirant de fièvre et murmurait des absurdités.
C1 noun /ˌmiːdɪˈeɪʃən/

mediation

médiation
Meaning
Intervention between parties to promote reconciliation, settlement, or compromise.
Example
The mediation helped resolve the conflict between the two teams.
La médiation a aidé à résoudre le conflit entre les deux équipes.
C1 noun /ˈpɒpjʊlɪst/

populist

leader populiste
Meaning
A politician or person who seeks to appeal to ordinary people who feel their concerns are ignored by elites.
Example
The populist leader promised to put the needs of common citizens first.
Le leader populiste a promis de mettre les besoins des citoyens ordinaires en priorité.
C1 verb /ɪmˈpɪndʒ/

impinge

affecter
Meaning
to have an effect or impact on something; to encroach or infringe
Example
The noise from the construction site impinges on our daily activities.
Le bruit du chantier impacte nos activités quotidiennes.
C1 noun ˌmɪt.ɪˈɡeɪ.ʃən

mitigation

atténuation
Meaning
The action of reducing the severity, seriousness, or painfulness of something.
Example
Mitigation of climate change requires collective effort.
L'atténuation du changement climatique nécessite un effort collectif.
C1 adjective /ˌzɛnəˈfoʊbɪk/

xenophobic

xénophobe
Meaning
having or showing a dislike or fear of people from other countries
Example
The leader’s xenophobic comments sparked outrage across the country.
Les commentaires xénophobes du leader ont suscité l'indignation dans tout le pays.
C1 noun kɒɡˈnɪʃ.ən

cognition

cognition
Meaning
The mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses.
Example
Cognition plays a key role in learning.
La cognition joue un rôle clé dans l'apprentissage.
C1 noun /ˈskep.tɪ.sɪ.zəm/

skepticism

scepticisme, doute
Meaning
A skeptical attitude; doubt as to the truth of something.
Example
His skepticism about new technology often makes him resistant to change.
Son scepticisme à propos de la nouvelle technologie le rend souvent résistant au changement.