applicant
All a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
All CEFR A1 A2 B1 B2 C1 C2
Content locale
EN Anglais BN Bengali HI Hindi ES Espagnol FR Français DE Allemand RU Russe ZH Chinois JA Japonais
All Vocabulary Cards All Vocabularies
B2 noun /ˈæplɪkənt/

applicant

candidat
Meaning
a person who applies for something, such as a job or a position
Example
The applicant was interviewed for the position.
Le candidat a été interviewé pour le poste.
C2 noun /əbˈhɒrəns/

abhorrence

abhorrence
Meaning
a feeling of strong disgust or hatred
Example
He expressed his abhorrence of racial discrimination.
Il a exprimé son abhorrence de la discrimination raciale.
C2 noun /əkˈsɛʃən/

accession

accession au trône / acceptation d'un traité
Meaning
the attainment of a position of rank or power, especially a monarch or president; the formal acceptance of an agreement or treaty
Example
The king's accession to the throne was celebrated with great ceremony.
L'accession du roi au trône a été célébrée avec grande cérémonie.
C1 noun /æmˈniːʒə/

amnesia

amnésie
Meaning
A partial or total loss of memory, usually caused by injury, illness, or psychological trauma.
Example
After the accident, she suffered from amnesia and could not remember her own name.
Après l'accident, elle a souffert d'amnésie et n'a pas pu se souvenir de son propre nom.
C1 verb /əˈflɪkt/

afflict

affliger
Meaning
to cause pain, suffering, or distress to someone or something
Example
Many people are afflicted by seasonal allergies.
De nombreuses personnes sont affligées par les allergies saisonnières.
C1 noun /əˈluːʒən/

allusion

allusion
Meaning
An indirect reference to something without mentioning it explicitly.
Example
Her story contained an allusion to a famous myth.
Son histoire contenait une allusion à un mythe célèbre.
B2 noun əˌkjuː.mjəˈleɪ.ʃən

accumulation

accumulation
Meaning
The gradual gathering or collecting of something over time.
Example
The accumulation of dust affects appliance efficiency.
L'accumulation de poussière affecte l'efficacité des appareils électroménagers.
C2 noun əˌklaɪ.mə.tɪˈzeɪ.ʃən

acclimatization

acclimatation
Meaning
The process of adapting to a new environment or condition.
Example
The hikers needed time for acclimatization to high altitudes.
Les randonneurs ont eu besoin de temps pour l'acclimatation aux hautes altitudes.
B2 adjective ˌæn.əlˈɪt.ɪ.kəl

analytical

analytique, investigatif, logique
Meaning
Using or skilled in using analysis (i.e., separating a whole—intellectual or substantial—into its elemental parts or basic principles).
Example
She has an analytical approach to problem-solving.
Elle a une approche analytique de la résolution des problèmes.
B2 noun /ˌæbəˈlɪʃən/

abolition

abolition
Meaning
the act of formally ending or eliminating a system, practice, or institution
Example
The abolition of slavery was a major milestone in human rights history.
L’abolition de l’esclavage a été une étape majeure de l’histoire des droits humains.
C2 adjective /əˈsiːtɪk/

acetic

acétique
Meaning
relating to or containing acetic acid; sour or vinegary in taste or smell
Example
The acetic smell of vinegar filled the kitchen.
L'odeur acétique du vinaigre a rempli la cuisine.
C2 adjective /ˈɑːrtləs/

artless

naturel, simple
Meaning
Without deception or pretentiousness; natural and simple.
Example
Her artless smile made everyone feel at ease.
Son sourire naturel a mis tout le monde à l'aise.
C1 noun /ˈæbsɛs/

abscess

abcès
Meaning
A swollen area within body tissue containing pus, usually caused by infection.
Example
The dentist treated the abscess in his tooth.
Le dentiste a traité l'abcès dans sa dent.
C2 adjective /ˈæməˌtɔːri/

amatory

amoureux
Meaning
Relating to or expressing sexual love.
Example
The poet’s verses were filled with amatory themes.
Les vers du poète étaient remplis de thèmes amoureux.
A2 verb (past tense / past participle) /əˈtræktɪd/

attracted

attiré
Meaning
felt interest or liking toward someone or something; was drawn by appeal or force
Example
She was attracted to the idea of studying abroad.
Elle était attirée par l’idée d’étudier à l’étranger.
C2 noun /ˈɑːrkeɪndʒəl/

archangel

archange
Meaning
A high-ranking angel, often considered a chief messenger or leader among angels.
Example
Michael is often depicted as the most powerful archangel.
Michel est souvent représenté comme l'archange le plus puissant.
C1 adjective /iːsˈθɛθɪkəl/

aesthetical

esthétique
Meaning
concerned with beauty or the appreciation of beauty; related to artistic taste or appearance
Example
The architect focused on the aesthetical balance of the building.
L’architecte s’est concentré sur l’équilibre esthétique du bâtiment.
C2 verb /əˈbreɪd/

abrade

usiner par friction
Meaning
to scrape or wear away the surface by friction or erosion
Example
The rough cloth can easily abrade the skin.
Le tissu rugueux peut facilement user la peau.
A2 noun /ˈælbəm/

album

album
Meaning
A collection of songs or photographs compiled into a single book, record, or digital file.
Example
She showed me her travel album full of beautiful pictures.
Elle m'a montré son album de voyage rempli de belles photos.
A2 adjective /əˈveɪləbl/

available

disponible
Meaning
Able to be used, obtained, or accessed.
Example
The product is now available in all stores.
Le produit est maintenant disponible dans tous les magasins.
A1 interjection /ɑː/

ah

ah
Meaning
used to express realization, surprise, or relief
Example
Ah, now I understand what you mean.
Ah, maintenant je comprends ce que tu veux dire.
C1 preposition /əˈtɒp/

atop

au sommet
Meaning
on the top of something
Example
A flag was placed atop the tower.
Un drapeau a été placé au sommet de la tour.
B1 adverb /ˈɑːf.tə.wərdz/

Afterwards

ensuite; après; plus tard
Meaning
at a later time; after an event or time that has already been mentioned
Example
We had dinner and afterwards we watched a movie.
Nous avons dîné et après, nous avons regardé un film.
C1 noun ænˈtɪk.wə.ti

antiquity

antiquité
Meaning
The ancient past, especially the period of classical and other human civilizations before the Middle Ages.
Example
The ruins are a reminder of the city's antiquity.
Les ruines sont un rappel de l'antiquité de la ville.
B1 noun /əˈsɪstəns/

Assistance

assistance; soutien
Meaning
the action of helping someone with a job or task; support
Example
She offered her assistance with the project.
Elle a offert son assistance pour le projet.
C2 adverb /əˈmʌk/

amuck

de manière débridée
Meaning
in a frenzied, uncontrolled, or chaotic manner
Example
The bull ran amuck through the village.
Le taureau a couru de manière débridée à travers le village.
C1 adjective /ˈædəmənt/

Adamant

obstiné; déterminé; inflexible; intransigeant
Meaning
একগুঁয়ে; জেদী; দৃঢ়সংকল্প; অনমনীয়;
Example
She was adamant about her decision to leave the company.
Elle était obstinée dans sa décision de quitter l'entreprise.
B1 noun /ˈɔːtəmoʊbiːl/

automobile

voiture
Meaning
a road vehicle powered by an engine, typically with four wheels
Example
He bought a new automobile last week.
Il a acheté une nouvelle voiture la semaine dernière.
A2 adjective, adverb, interjection /ɔːlˈraɪt/

alright

d'accord
Meaning
satisfactory or acceptable; safe or unharmed; used to express agreement or acknowledgment
Example
Everything is going to be alright.
Tout ira bien.
C2 adjective /ˌæk.rɪˈmoʊ.ni.əs/

acrimonious

amer et en colère
Meaning
Bitter and angry, often involving harsh words.
Example
The debate turned acrimonious after the controversial remark.
Le débat est devenu acrimonieux après le commentaire controversé.
A1 noun /ˈɑːnti/

aunty

tante
Meaning
the sister of one’s father or mother; a term of respectful address for an older woman, especially in South Asian usage
Example
My aunty lives near our house and often visits us.
Ma tante habite près de notre maison et nous rend souvent visite.
C2 noun /ˈæf.ə.rɪ.zəm/

aphorism

aphorisme
Meaning
a short, witty saying that expresses a general truth or principle
Example
He began his speech with an aphorism about life and success.
Il a commencé son discours par un aphorisme sur la vie et le succès.
B1 noun /ˈæs.pekt/

aspect

aspect
Meaning
A particular part, feature, or view of something.
Example
One important aspect of health is regular exercise.
Un aspect important de la santé est l'exercice régulier.
B2 adjective ˌæn.tiˌdɪs.krɪˈmɪn.eɪ.ʃən

anti-discrimination

anti-discriminatoire
Meaning
Opposed to or working against discrimination; promoting equal treatment regardless of differences.
Example
The anti-discrimination movement was groundbreaking.
Le mouvement anti-discriminatoire a été révolutionnaire.
B2 noun /æmˈfɪbiən/

amphibian

amphibien
Meaning
A cold-blooded vertebrate animal that can live both on land and in water.
Example
A frog is a common amphibian that lives both in water and on land.
Une grenouille est un amphibien courant qui vit à la fois dans l'eau et sur terre.
B2 adjective /ˈæfluənt/

affluent

aisé
Meaning
having a great deal of money; wealthy
Example
She grew up in an affluent neighborhood.
Elle a grandi dans un quartier aisé.
C2 noun /əˈsper.ɪ.ti/

asperity

asperité
Meaning
Harshness of tone, manner, or surface.
Example
She spoke with asperity when she was interrupted.
Elle parla avec aspérité lorsqu'elle fut interrompue.
C1 noun /ˌænɛkˈseɪʃən/

annexation

annexion
Meaning
the act of adding or taking control of territory or property, especially by a state
Example
The annexation of the region led to international condemnation.
L'annexion de la région a suscité une condamnation internationale.
B2 noun ədˈvɑːns.mənts

advancements

avancées
Meaning
The process of promoting or moving forward; development or improvement.
Example
Scientific advancements enhance global innovation.
Les avancées scientifiques favorisent l'innovation mondiale.
C2 noun /əˈfleɪtəs/

afflatus

inspiration divine
Meaning
a sudden divine inspiration or creative impulse
Example
The poet wrote the verses under a sudden afflatus of inspiration.
Le poète écrivit les vers sous une soudaine inspiration divine.
B2 verb /əˈbændən/

abandon

abandonner
Meaning
to give up completely; to leave permanently
Example
They had to abandon their house due to flooding.
Ils ont dû abandonner leur maison à cause des inondations.
B2 noun /ədˈmɪnɪstreɪtər/

administrator

administrateur
Meaning
a person responsible for running or managing an organization or system
Example
The school administrator implemented new policies for students.
L'administrateur de l'école a mis en œuvre de nouvelles politiques pour les élèves.
B1 noun /aɪl/

aisle

allée
Meaning
a passage between rows of seats or shelves
Example
She walked down the aisle to find her seat.
Elle a marché dans l'allée pour trouver son siège.
C2 adjective /əˈsɜːrbɪk/

acerbic

acerbe
Meaning
sharp, harsh, or bitter in tone or taste
Example
His acerbic comments offended many people in the meeting.
Ses commentaires acerbes ont offensé de nombreuses personnes lors de la réunion.
B2 adjective, noun, verb /ˈæb.strækt/

abstract

abstrait, résumé
Meaning
existing in thought or as an idea but not having physical or concrete existence; a summary of a text
Example
The artist is known for her abstract paintings.
L'artiste est connue pour ses peintures abstraites.
B2 noun ɑːmd ˈkɒn.flɪkt

armed conflict

conflit armé
Meaning
A contest of armed forces; warfare between opposing military forces.
Example
Armed conflict resulted in widespread devastation.
Le conflit armé a entraîné une dévastation généralisée.
B1 noun /ˈeɪ.dʒən.si/

Agency

agence; bureau d'agent
Meaning
a business or organization that provides a particular service
Example
She works for a travel agency downtown.
Elle travaille pour une agence de voyage en centre-ville.
C1 noun /ˈælɪɡəri/

allegory

allégorie
Meaning
a story, poem, or picture that can be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning, often moral or political
Example
The novel is an allegory of the struggle between good and evil.
Le roman est une allégorie de la lutte entre le bien et le mal.
C2 noun /ˈædʒ.ə.tənt/

Adjutant

cigogne adjoint
Meaning
a large water bird with long legs and neck, also known as adjutant stork
Example
The adjutant stork stood motionless in the shallow water.
La cigogne adjoint était immobile dans l'eau peu profonde.
C2 noun /əˌnʌn.siˈeɪ.ʃən/

annunciation

annonce, bonne nouvelle
Meaning
The announcement of something; in Christianity, the announcement by the angel Gabriel to Mary that she would conceive Jesus.
Example
The church celebrated the Feast of the Annunciation with a special service.
L'église a célébré la fête de l'Annonciation avec un service spécial.
B2 noun /ˈæltɪtuːd/

altitude

altitude
Meaning
the height of an object or point in relation to sea level or ground level
Example
The airplane is flying at an altitude of 30,000 feet.
L'avion vole à une altitude de 30 000 pieds.
C2 adverb /əˈbɛd/

abed

au lit
Meaning
in bed
Example
She stayed abed all day due to illness.
Elle est restée au lit toute la journée à cause de la maladie.
B1 adjective /ˈæn.ju.əl/

annual

annuel
Meaning
happening once every year
Example
The company holds an annual meeting for all its shareholders.
L'entreprise organise une réunion annuelle pour tous ses actionnaires.
C2 noun /əˈrɪə/

arrear

arriéré
Meaning
A debt or payment that is overdue and unpaid.
Example
He was sued for an arrear of rent.
Il a été poursuivi pour un arriéré de loyer.
C1 noun əbˈzɔːrp.ʃən

absorption

absorption
Meaning
The process or action by which one thing absorbs or is absorbed by another.
Example
Plants help in the absorption of carbon dioxide.
Les plantes aident à l'absorption du dioxyde de carbone.
C2 noun ˌæɡ.roʊ.iˈkɒl.ə.dʒi

agroecology

agroécologie
Meaning
A scientific discipline that studies agricultural systems by applying ecological concepts and principles.
Example
Agroecology promotes eco-friendly farming.
L'agroécologie favorise l'agriculture écologique.
B2 noun əˌpriː.ʃiˈeɪ.ʃən

appreciation

appréciation
Meaning
An increase in the value of an asset over time.
Example
Real estate properties often experience appreciation over time.
Les propriétés immobilières connaissent souvent une appréciation au fil du temps.
B2 noun /əˈbɔːrʃən/

abortion

avortement
Meaning
The deliberate termination of a human pregnancy, usually performed during the first 28 weeks.
Example
The debate about abortion continues to divide public opinion.
Le débat sur l'avortement continue de diviser l'opinion publique.
C1 noun /əˈkʌmpənɪmənt/

accompaniment

accompagnement
Meaning
Something that goes together with or complements another thing, often music or food.
Example
The dish was served with a spicy sauce as an accompaniment.
Le plat a été servi avec une sauce épicée en accompagnement.
C2 verb /əˈsweɪdʒ/

assuage

apaiser
Meaning
To make an unpleasant feeling less intense; to ease or relieve.
Example
The kind words helped assuage her anxiety.
Les mots gentils ont aidé à apaiser son anxiété.
C2 noun /əˈnækrəˌnɪzəm/

anachronism

anachronisme
Meaning
something that is out of its proper time period, especially something old-fashioned in a modern context
Example
Using a typewriter today feels like an anachronism.
Utiliser une machine à écrire aujourd'hui ressemble à un anachronisme.
B2 adverb /ˈænjuəli/

annually

annuellement
Meaning
once every year; yearly
Example
The company holds a general meeting annually.
L'entreprise organise une réunion générale annuellement.
C1 verb /ˈæn.ə.teɪt/

annotate

ajouter des notes ou des commentaires
Meaning
to add notes or comments to a text, diagram, or document for explanation or clarification
Example
The teacher asked the students to annotate the poem with their interpretations.
Le professeur a demandé aux élèves d'annoter le poème avec leurs interprétations.
C2 verb /əˈnɔɪnt/

anoint

oindre, consacrer
Meaning
To smear or rub with oil, often as part of a religious ceremony or as a sign of consecration.
Example
The priest anointed the king with holy oil.
Le prêtre a oint le roi avec de l'huile sainte.
C2 noun /ˈændaɪərn/

andiron

support en métal pour bois
Meaning
a metal support used in a fireplace to hold logs
Example
The logs rested on the andirons in the old fireplace.
Les bûches reposaient sur les andirons dans l'ancienne cheminée.
C1 noun /əˈbændənmənt/

abandonment

abandon
Meaning
the act of leaving someone or something behind completely; the state of being deserted
Example
The child suffered deep emotional pain because of abandonment.
L’enfant a souffert d’une profonde douleur émotionnelle à cause de l’abandon.
C1 adjective /ænˈtɪriər/

anterior

antérieur
Meaning
Situated at or toward the front; coming before in position or time.
Example
The anterior part of the brain controls logical thinking.
La partie antérieure du cerveau contrôle la pensée logique.
C1 verb /ˌæprɪˈhɛnd/

apprehend

arrêter
Meaning
to arrest or seize someone; to understand or perceive something
Example
The police managed to apprehend the thief after a long chase.
La police a réussi à appréhender le voleur après une longue course-poursuite.
C2 noun /ɔːl/

awl

alêne
Meaning
a small pointed tool used for making holes, especially in leather
Example
The cobbler used an awl to punch holes in the leather.
Le cordonnier a utilisé une alêne pour faire des trous dans le cuir.
C1 noun /ɔːˈdæs.ə.ti/

audacity

audace
Meaning
The willingness to take bold risks; boldness or fearlessness.
Example
His audacity to question authority was admirable.
Son audace à remettre en question l'autorité était admirable.
C2 noun /ˈɔːldərmənʃɪp/

aldermanship

poste de conseiller
Meaning
The office, position, or dignity of an alderman.
Example
He was honored with aldermanship after years of service.
Il a été honoré du poste de conseiller après des années de service.
C2 verb /əˈniːl/

anneal

durcir par la chaleur
Meaning
To heat and cool metal or glass to make it stronger or less brittle.
Example
The blacksmith annealed the steel to improve its durability.
Le forgeron a anilé l'acier pour améliorer sa durabilité.
B2 adjective ænˈtɪsɪpeɪtɪd

anticipated

anticipé
Meaning
Expected or predicted to happen; foreseen in advance.
Example
The anticipated growth exceeded the city's capacity.
La croissance anticipée a dépassé la capacité de la ville.
C2 verb /ˈæbnɪˌɡeɪt/

abnegate

abnéguer
Meaning
to deny or renounce something, especially a right or desire
Example
She chose to abnegate her personal interests for the sake of the team.
Elle a choisi d'abnéguer ses intérêts personnels pour le bien de l'équipe.
C2 noun /ˌeɪd də ˈkæmp/

aide-de-camp

officier militaire agissant comme assistant confident d'un officier supérieur
Meaning
A military officer acting as a confidential assistant to a senior officer.
Example
The general was accompanied by his aide-de-camp during the ceremony.
Le général était accompagné de son aide-de-camp lors de la cérémonie.
C1 verb /əˈfɪks/

affix

fixer / coller
Meaning
to attach or stick something firmly to another thing
Example
Please affix the stamp to the envelope.
Veuillez apposer le timbre sur l'enveloppe.
C2 adjective /æmˈbroʊʒiəl/

ambrosial

ambrosial
Meaning
Exceptionally pleasing to taste or smell; divine.
Example
The aroma of freshly baked bread was simply ambrosial.
L'arôme du pain fraîchement cuit était tout simplement ambrosial.
C1 adjective ɔːɡˈmen.tɪd

augmented

augmenté, amélioré, élargi
Meaning
having been made greater in size or value.
Example
The new software provided augmented reality features.
Le nouveau logiciel a fourni des fonctionnalités de réalité augmentée.
B2 noun ˈænsɛstərz

Ancestors

ancêtre
Meaning
A person from whom one is descended; a forefather.
Example
The family tree shows the names of all ancestors.
L'arbre généalogique montre les noms de tous les ancêtres.
C2 noun /ænˈtɪlədʒi/

antilogy

antilogie
Meaning
A contradiction in terms or ideas; inconsistency in speech or writing.
Example
The politician's statement was criticized for its antilogy.
La déclaration du politicien a été critiquée pour son antilogie.
C1 verb /əˈpreɪz/

appraise

évaluer
Meaning
to evaluate the value, quality, or importance of something
Example
The jeweler appraised the diamond before buying it.
Le bijoutier a évalué le diamant avant de l'acheter.
B2 noun /əkˈnɒlɪdʒmənt/

acknowledgment

reconnaissance
Meaning
the act of accepting, admitting, or recognizing something
Example
He received an acknowledgment of his application.
Il a reçu une reconnaissance pour sa candidature.
C1 verb əˈkruː

accrue

accumuler
Meaning
To accumulate or receive (payments or benefits) over time.
Example
Interest accrues on the savings account every month.
Les intérêts s'accumulent chaque mois sur le compte d'épargne.
B1 noun /ˈætɪˌtjuːd/

attitude

Meaning
A settled way of thinking or feeling about someone or something, often reflected in behavior.
Example
Her positive attitude helped her overcome many challenges.
C2 adjective /əˌnækrəˈnɪstɪk/

anachronistic

anachronique
Meaning
belonging to a period other than that being portrayed; old-fashioned or outdated
Example
His views on gender roles are considered anachronistic.
Ses opinions sur les rôles de genre sont considérées comme anachroniques.
B2 noun /əˈplɔːz/

applause

applaudissements
Meaning
the sound of people clapping their hands to show approval or enjoyment
Example
The actor received loud applause after his performance.
L'acteur a reçu de vifs applaudissements après sa performance.
B2 adjective /əˈvɔɪdəbl/

avoidable

évitable
Meaning
able to be prevented or avoided
Example
Most of the damage was avoidable with proper planning.
La plupart des dégâts étaient évitables avec une bonne planification.
C2 verb /əˈmælɡəmeɪt/

amalgamate

fusionner
Meaning
to combine or unite to form one organization or structure; to merge
Example
The two companies decided to amalgamate their operations.
Les deux entreprises ont décidé de fusionner leurs opérations.
C1 adverb /ˈæmpli/

amply

amplement
Meaning
more than sufficiently; generously
Example
She was amply rewarded for her hard work.
Elle a été généreusement récompensée pour son travail acharné.
C2 noun /ˈæntiruːm/

anteroom

antichambre
Meaning
A small room leading to a main one, often used as a waiting area.
Example
The guests waited in the anteroom before being called inside.
Les invités ont attendu dans l’antichambre avant d’être appelés à l’intérieur.
A1 pronoun /ˈɛniˌbɒdi/

anybody

n'importe qui
Meaning
any person; anyone
Example
Anybody can join the club.
N'importe qui peut rejoindre le club.
C1 verb /əˈkleɪm/

acclaim

acclamer
Meaning
to praise enthusiastically and publicly
Example
The audience acclaimed the actor for his outstanding performance.
Le public a acclamé l'acteur pour sa performance exceptionnelle.
B2 adjective /əˈlɑːrmɪŋ/

alarming

alarmant
Meaning
Worrying or disturbing; causing concern or fear.
Example
The unemployment rate among youth is alarming.
Le taux de chômage chez les jeunes est alarmant.
C2 adjective /əˈbɪs.əl/

abyssal

relatif à l'océan profond
Meaning
Related to or characteristic of the deep ocean, especially the zone below 4000 meters.
Example
Abyssal creatures survive in extreme pressure conditions.
Les créatures abyssales survivent dans des conditions de pression extrême.
C1 noun ˈælərdʒən

allergen

substance qui provoque une réaction allergique
Meaning
A substance that causes an allergic reaction.
Example
Pollen is a common allergen that affects many people.
Le pollen est un allergène courant qui affecte de nombreuses personnes.
B1 noun /əˈkaʊntənt/

accountant

comptable
Meaning
a person whose job is to keep or check financial accounts
Example
The accountant prepared the financial reports for the company.
L'expert-comptable a préparé les rapports financiers pour l'entreprise.
C2 noun /əˌbɑː.məˈneɪ.ʃən/

abomination

abomination
Meaning
a thing that causes disgust or hatred
Example
Slavery was considered an abomination.
L'esclavage était considéré comme une abomination.
B2 adjective /əˈɡriːəbl/

Agreeable

agréable; plaisant; agréable à vivre; prêt à accepter
Meaning
pleasant; enjoyable; delightful; willing to agree
Example
The weather is very agreeable today.
Le temps est très agréable aujourd'hui.
C2 noun /əˈspɜːr.ʒən/

aspersion

diffamation
Meaning
An attack on the reputation or integrity of someone.
Example
He cast an aspersion on her character.
Il a jeté une diffamation sur son caractère.
C1 adverb /əˈlɒft/

aloft

en hauteur
Meaning
Up in or into the air; overhead.
Example
The kite was flying aloft in the clear sky.
Le cerf-volant volait en hauteur dans le ciel clair.
C1 adjective /ˌærɪˈstɒkrætɪk/

Aristocratic

aristocratique; noble
Meaning
noble; having the manners of the upper class
Example
She had an aristocratic bearing that commanded respect.
Elle avait une allure aristocratique qui imposait le respect.
B1 verb /əˈpruːv/

approve

approuver
Meaning
to officially agree to or accept something; to give permission
Example
The committee will approve the new policy tomorrow.
Le comité approuvera la nouvelle politique demain.
B2 adjective /əˈlaɪd/

Allied

allié; associé; lié
Meaning
joined by agreement or treaty; associated; connected
Example
The allied forces worked together during the war.
Les forces alliées ont travaillé ensemble pendant la guerre.
B2 noun /əˈvɔɪdəns/

avoidance

évitement
Meaning
the act of staying away from something; deliberate prevention of contact or confrontation
Example
Avoidance of difficult conversations can create bigger problems later.
L’évitement des conversations difficiles peut créer de plus grands problèmes plus tard.
A2 adjective /ˈæfrɪkən/

african

africain
Meaning
relating to Africa or its people
Example
She studied African culture in university.
Elle a étudié la culture africaine à l'université.
C1 adjective /əˈfɜːrmətɪv/

affirmative

affirmatif
Meaning
expressing agreement, approval, or a positive response
Example
She gave an affirmative answer to the proposal.
Elle a donné une réponse affirmative à la proposition.
B1 noun əˈses.mənt

assessment

évaluation
Meaning
The evaluation or estimation of the nature, quality, or ability of someone or something.
Example
The assessment process ensures fairness.
Le processus d'évaluation garantit l'équité.
C2 noun/adjective /ælˈbaɪ.noʊ/

albino

albinos (personne/animal sans pigmentation)
Meaning
A person, animal, or plant lacking normal pigmentation, resulting in pale skin, hair, and eyes.
Example
The albino rabbit had white fur and pink eyes.
Le lapin albinos avait un pelage blanc et des yeux roses.
C2 verb /ˈæpɪtaɪz/

appetize

stimuler l’appétit
Meaning
to stimulate the appetite; to make someone eager or interested
Example
The aroma of fresh bread will appetize the guests before dinner.
L’odeur du pain frais va stimuler l’appétit des invités.
B1 noun /əˌkɒm.əˈdeɪ.ʃənz/

accommodations

logement
Meaning
Lodging; room and board; places to stay.
Example
The students had proper accommodations.
Les étudiants avaient un logement adéquat.
B1 noun /ˈædvərˌtaɪzɪŋ/

advertising

publicité
Meaning
the activity of producing advertisements for products or services
Example
The company spends millions on advertising every year.
L'entreprise dépense des millions en publicité chaque année.
A1 adverb /əˈɡoʊ/

ago

il y a
Meaning
Used to indicate how long before the present something happened.
Example
I met her two years ago.
Je l'ai rencontrée il y a deux ans.
C1 noun ˌeə.rəʊ.daɪˈnæm.ɪks

aerodynamics

aérodynamique
Meaning
The study of the properties of moving air and the interaction between the air and solid bodies moving through it.
Example
The aerodynamics of an aircraft determines its speed and efficiency.
L'aérodynamique d'un avion détermine sa vitesse et son efficacité.
B2 noun /ˈæli/

alley

ruelle
Meaning
a narrow passageway between or behind buildings
Example
They walked through a dark alley to reach the main road.
Ils ont traversé une ruelle sombre pour atteindre la rue principale.
B1 adjective /eɪdʒd/

aged

âgé
Meaning
having lived for a specified number of years; old
Example
The aged man sat in the park, watching the children play.
L'homme âgé était assis dans le parc, regardant les enfants jouer.
C1 noun /ˈæb.stɪ.nəns/

abstinence

abstinence, retenue
Meaning
the practice of restraining oneself from indulging in something, typically alcohol or sex
Example
His doctor advised abstinence from alcohol for better health.
Son médecin lui a conseillé l'abstinence d'alcool pour une meilleure santé.
C1 noun /ˈædɪdʒ/

adage

proverbe
Meaning
a short, well-known saying that expresses a general truth or piece of advice
Example
The old adage says that honesty is the best policy.
Le vieux proverbe dit que l'honnêteté est la meilleure politique.
C2 noun /ˌæfɛkˈteɪʃən/

affectation

affectation
Meaning
an unnatural behavior or speech intended to impress others
Example
Her British accent was just an affectation to sound sophisticated.
Son accent britannique n'était qu'une affectation destinée à paraître sophistiquée.
C2 noun, verb /əˈfrʌnt/

affront

affront
Meaning
An action or remark that causes outrage or offense.
Example
He took her criticism as a personal affront.
Il a pris sa critique comme un affront personnel.
A2 noun /ˈæθliːt/

athlete

athlète
Meaning
a person who is trained or skilled in physical exercises, sports, or games requiring strength, agility, or stamina
Example
The athlete trained hard for the upcoming Olympic Games.
L'athlète s'est entraîné dur pour les prochains Jeux Olympiques.
B2 adjective /ˈædɪkwət/

adequate

adéquat
Meaning
sufficient or acceptable in quality or quantity
Example
The food was adequate for the small group.
La nourriture était adéquate pour le petit groupe.