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C1 verb /əˈpɔːl/

appall

choquer
Meaning
To shock or horrify someone with something unpleasant or bad.
Example
The cruelty of the crime appalled the entire community.
La cruauté du crime a choqué toute la communauté.
C1 adjective /ˈroʊtəri/

rotary

rotatif
Meaning
Relating to or characterized by rotation; revolving around an axis.
Example
The machine uses a rotary engine to function efficiently.
La machine utilise un moteur rotatif pour fonctionner efficacement.
C1 adjective /ˈsiːzənəbəl/

Seasonable

saisonnière
Meaning
occurring at the right time; appropriate for the season; timely
Example
The seasonable rain helped the farmers with their crops.
La pluie saisonnière a aidé les agriculteurs avec leurs récoltes.
C1 adjective /ʌnˈtʌtʃəbəl/

Untouchable

intouchable; au-delà de la critique ou de l'attaque
Meaning
not able to be touched or affected; beyond criticism or attack
Example
The CEO seemed untouchable despite the scandal.
Le PDG semblait intouchable malgré le scandale.
C1 noun /ˌdiːpɔːrˈteɪʃən/

deportation

déportation
Meaning
The act of expelling a foreigner from a country.
Example
The deportation of hundreds of workers sparked international criticism.
La déportation de centaines de travailleurs a suscité des critiques internationales.
C1 adverb /ɔːˈtɒnəməsli/

autonomously

autonomiquement
Meaning
In an independent or self-governing manner.
Example
The robot can operate autonomously without human intervention.
Le robot peut fonctionner de manière autonome sans intervention humaine.
C1 verb /ˌæprɪˈhɛnd/

apprehend

arrêter
Meaning
to arrest or seize someone; to understand or perceive something
Example
The police managed to apprehend the thief after a long chase.
La police a réussi à appréhender le voleur après une longue course-poursuite.
C1 noun /ˈæntlɚ/

antler

corne de cerf
Meaning
The branched horns on the head of a deer or similar animal, usually shed and regrown annually.
Example
The deer’s antlers grew larger each year.
Les cornes de cerf devenaient plus grandes chaque année.
C1 verb ɔːɡˈmɛntɪŋ

augmenting

augmenter
Meaning
Increasing; making something greater in size, number, or degree
Example
Life expectancy is augmenting with advancements in healthcare.
L'espérance de vie augmente avec les progrès des soins de santé.
C1 noun /ˈdʒʌɡ.lər/

Juggler

jongleur
Meaning
a person who skillfully throws and catches objects as entertainment
Example
The juggler entertained the crowd with his amazing ball tricks.
Le jongleur a diverti la foule avec ses incroyables tours de balles.
C1 verb, noun /ˈflʌstər/

fluster

embrouiller
Meaning
to make someone agitated or confused
Example
The unexpected question flustered him.
La question inattendue l'a embrouillé.
C1 adjective /bɪˈnaɪn/

benign

bénin, inoffensif
Meaning
Gentle, kind, or not harmful (especially of a disease or tumor).
Example
The doctor assured her that the tumor was benign.
Le médecin lui a assuré que la tumeur était inoffensive.
C1 verb /dəˈmɛstɪkeɪt/

domesticate

domestiquer
Meaning
to tame an animal for use by humans; to adapt something for domestic use
Example
Humans domesticated dogs thousands of years ago.
Les humains ont domestiqué les chiens il y a des milliers d'années.
C1 adjective /ˈbækˌhændɪd/

backhanded

indirect ou sarcastique
Meaning
Indirect or sarcastic, often appearing as praise but actually insulting.
Example
She gave him a backhanded compliment about his work.
Elle lui a fait un compliment indirect sur son travail.
C1 verb /ɪˈlɛktrɪfaɪ/

electrify

électrifier; enthousiasmer
Meaning
to charge with electricity; to excite or thrill intensely
Example
The speaker's speech electrified the audience.
Le discours a enthousiasmé le public.
C1 adjective /ˌʌndərˈhændɪd/

underhanded

sournois
Meaning
acting or done in a dishonest or secret way
Example
They exposed the company's underhanded dealings with its suppliers.
Ils ont exposé les pratiques sournoises de l'entreprise avec ses fournisseurs.
C1 noun ˈmæŋɡroʊv ˈfɒrɪst

Mangrove Forest

forêt de mangrove
Meaning
A coastal forest ecosystem characterized by salt-tolerant trees and shrubs that grow in intertidal zones.
Example
Sundarbans is the world's largest mangrove forest.
Les Sundarbans sont la plus grande forêt de mangrove du monde.
C1 noun /ˈdæɡ.ər/

Dagger

dague
Meaning
a short knife with a pointed blade used as a weapon
Example
The ancient warrior carried a silver dagger.
Le guerrier ancien portait une dague en argent.
C1 adjective /ˈɡʌl.ə.bəl/

gullible

facilement dupe
Meaning
Easily deceived or tricked.
Example
She was so gullible that she believed every rumor.
Elle était tellement crédule qu'elle croyait chaque rumeur.
C1 noun /ˌɪntərˌɒpərəˈbɪləti/

interoperability

interopérabilité
Meaning
The ability of computer systems or software to exchange and make use of information.
Example
The interoperability of different software systems ensures seamless workflow.
L'interopérabilité des différents systèmes logiciels garantit un flux de travail fluide.
C1 noun /ˈbed sted/

Bed stead

cadre de lit
Meaning
the framework of a bed; a bed frame without bedding
Example
The wooden bed stead was very sturdy.
Le cadre en bois du lit était très solide.
C1 noun ˌlɪt.ɪˈɡeɪ.ʃən

litigation

litige
Meaning
The process of taking legal action; a lawsuit.
Example
The litigation accused the regime of human rights abuses.
Le litige a accusé le régime de violations des droits de l'homme.
C1 noun /ˈdʒɛpərdi/

jeopardy

danger
Meaning
Danger of loss, harm, or failure.
Example
His careless driving put everyone in jeopardy.
Sa conduite imprudente a mis tout le monde en danger.
C1 noun /tʃæmp/

champ

champion / gagnant
Meaning
an informal word for champion or winner.
Example
He is the new champ of the boxing tournament.
Il est le nouveau champion du tournoi de boxe.
C1 adjective /ˈseɪ.li.ənt/

salient

important, marquant ou évident
Meaning
Most important, prominent, or noticeable
Example
The report highlighted the salient points of the discussion.
Le rapport a mis en évidence les points saillants de la discussion.
C1 verb /ɪmˈbrɔɪl/

embroil

embrouiller
Meaning
to involve someone deeply in a conflict, argument, or difficult situation
Example
The politician was embroiled in a major corruption scandal.
Le politicien était embourbé dans un grand scandale de corruption.
C1 noun /zest/

Zest

enthousiasme; énergie et excitation; l'écorce extérieure d'un agrume
Meaning
great enthusiasm and energy; excitement and vigor; the outer peel of a citrus fruit
Example
She approached the new job with tremendous zest.
Elle a abordé le nouveau travail avec un grand enthousiasme.
C1 noun /ˈsɛmbləns/

Semblance

apparence; semblance
Meaning
the outward appearance or apparent form of something, especially when the reality is different
Example
There was only a semblance of order in the chaotic office.
Il n'y avait qu'une semblance d'ordre dans le bureau chaotique
C1 noun /ˈkærɪkətjʊə/

caricature

caricature
Meaning
A picture or description that exaggerates certain features for comic or satirical effect.
Example
The magazine published a caricature of the politician.
Le magazine a publié une caricature du politicien.
C1 adjective məˈθɒd.ɪ.kəl

methodical

méthodique
Meaning
Done according to a systematic or established procedure; orderly and systematic.
Example
His methodical research produced reliable results.
Ses recherches méthodiques ont produit des résultats fiables.
C1 adjective əʊˈpeɪk

opaque

opaque, impénétrable, difficile à comprendre
Meaning
Not able to be seen through; not transparent; difficult to understand.
Example
The glass was too opaque to see through.
Le verre était trop opaque pour voir à travers.
C1 noun, verb /ɡliːm/

gleam

éclat
Meaning
a small or brief shining light; to shine softly
Example
A gleam of hope appeared in her eyes.
Un éclat d'espoir est apparu dans ses yeux.
C1 verb /əˈkrɛdɪt/

accredit

accréditer
Meaning
to officially recognize, authorize, or approve someone or something
Example
The university is accredited by the national education board.
L'université est accréditée par le conseil national de l'éducation.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈsteɪbəl/

instable

instable
Meaning
not stable; liable to change, collapse, or fail; lacking firmness or reliability
Example
The instable political situation worried foreign investors.
La situation politique instable a inquiété les investisseurs étrangers.
C1 adjective /skænt/

Scant

insuffisant
Meaning
barely sufficient; inadequate; small in amount
Example
There was scant evidence to support his claim.
Il y avait peu de preuves pour soutenir sa réclamation.
C1 noun /ˌmɑːr.kɪ.təˈbɪl.ə.ti/

marketability

commercialisation
Meaning
The possibility of commercial success for a product or service
Example
The new product's marketability depends on consumer demand.
La commercialisation du nouveau produit dépend de la demande des consommateurs.
C1 adjective /ˈviːəmənt/

Vehement

véhément; intense; passionné; énergique
Meaning
showing strong feeling; forceful; passionate; intense
Example
She gave a vehement denial of the accusations.
Elle a donné une dénégation véhémente des accusations.
C1 noun /læps/

Lapse

erreur temporaire; lapsus;
Meaning
a temporary failure of concentration, memory, or judgment; the termination of a right or privilege
Example
There was a brief lapse in security that allowed the intruder to enter the building.
Il y a eu une brève erreur de sécurité qui a permis à l'intrus d'entrer dans le bâtiment.
C1 adjective /ˈsʌlən/

sullen

maussade
Meaning
bad-tempered and gloomy; silently resentful
Example
She gave him a sullen look and walked away.
Elle lui lança un regard maussade et s'éloigna.
C1 noun /ˈblɛm.ɪʃ/

blemish

imperfection
Meaning
A small mark or flaw that spoils the appearance of something.
Example
The mirror had a small blemish on the surface.
Le miroir avait une petite imperfection sur la surface.
C1 verb /ˈmʌtər/

mutter

marmonner
Meaning
to speak in a low or barely audible voice, often in dissatisfaction or irritation
Example
He muttered something under his breath as he walked away.
Il marmonna quelque chose sous son souffle en s'éloignant.
C1 noun /ˈiːɡoʊɪst/

egoist

égoïste
Meaning
A person who is excessively concerned with themselves; someone who believes in or practices egoism.
Example
She avoided him because he was a selfish egoist.
Elle l'évitait parce qu'il était un égoïste égoïste.
C1 noun ˈoʊʃən əˌsɪdɪfɪˈkeɪʃən

ocean acidification

acidification océanique
Meaning
The ongoing decrease in the pH of the Earth's oceans, caused by the absorption of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
Example
Ocean acidification is caused by atmospheric CO2 absorption.
L'acidification océanique est causée par l'absorption du CO2 atmosphérique.
C1 noun /ˈmætrəˌmoʊni/

matrimony

mariage
Meaning
The state of being married; marriage.
Example
They entered into matrimony after years of friendship.
Ils sont entrés dans le mariage après des années d'amitié.
C1 verb /ɪmˈpiːd/

impede

entraver
Meaning
To obstruct or hinder the progress or development of something.
Example
Lack of funds can impede business growth.
Le manque de fonds peut entraver la croissance des entreprises.
C1 noun /bɪˈtreɪər/

Betrayer

traître; déloyal
Meaning
a person who betrays someone or something; one who is disloyal
Example
The betrayer was exposed and faced severe consequences.
Le traître a été exposé et a affronté de graves conséquences.
C1 noun /ˈɔːrdɪnəns/

ordinance

ordonnance
Meaning
An authoritative rule, law, or decree issued by a city, town, or authority.
Example
The city council passed an ordinance banning smoking in public parks.
Le conseil municipal a adopté une ordonnance interdisant de fumer dans les parcs publics.
C1 noun /ˈɡʌstoʊ/

gusto

enthousiasme
Meaning
great enjoyment, energy, or enthusiasm in doing something
Example
She sang the song with great gusto.
Elle a chanté la chanson avec beaucoup d'enthousiasme.
C1 noun /ˈmɔːr.nər/

Mourner

personne en deuil
Meaning
a person who attends a funeral or shows grief for someone who has died
Example
The mourners gathered at the cemetery to pay their respects.
Les endeuillés se sont réunis au cimetière pour rendre hommage.
C1 noun /əˈrɪs.tə.kræt/

Aristocrat

aristocrate; personne noble
Meaning
a member of the aristocracy; a person of noble rank or birth
Example
The aristocrat lived in a magnificent castle.
L'aristocrate vivait dans un château magnifique.
C1 noun /mɔːrˈfɑːlədʒi/

morphology

morphologie
Meaning
the study of the form and structure of things, especially in language and biology
Example
Morphology studies the structure of words and how they are formed.
La morphologie étudie la structure des mots et comment ils sont formés.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈtrɛntʃt/

entrenched

enraciné
Meaning
Firmly established and unlikely to change.
Example
Corruption is deeply entrenched in the system.
La corruption est profondément enracinée dans le système.
C1 verb /ˈʃrɪvəl/

shrivel

ridé
Meaning
To become dry, wrinkled, and smaller due to lack of moisture.
Example
The flowers shriveled under the hot sun.
Les fleurs se sont ridées sous le soleil chaud.
C1 adjective /ˈfaɪ.naɪt/

Finite

limité; ayant des limites
Meaning
limited; having bounds or limits; not infinite
Example
Earth has finite natural resources.
La Terre dispose de ressources naturelles limitées.
C1 adjective /ˈəʊnərəs/

onerous

ardu
Meaning
involving a great deal of effort, difficulty, or burden
Example
Fulfilling the contract proved to be an onerous task for the company.
Accomplir le contrat s'est avéré être une tâche ardue pour l'entreprise.
C1 noun ˈfɜːr.vɚ

fervor

passion ou enthousiasme
Meaning
Strong passion or enthusiasm for something.
Example
He spoke with great fervor about his vision for the company.
Il a parlé avec beaucoup de ferveur de sa vision pour l'entreprise.
C1 noun /ˈpriːsɪŋkt/

precinct

arrondissement
Meaning
A district or area within the boundaries of a city, often for police or electoral purposes.
Example
She went to vote at her local precinct.
Elle est allée voter dans son arrondissement local.
C1 noun /pəˈzɛsər/

possessor

détenteur
Meaning
A person who owns or holds something.
Example
The possessor of the land built a new house.
Le détenteur de la terre a construit une nouvelle maison.
C1 noun /ˈpen.əns/

Penance

pénitence; châtiment pour avoir fait quelque chose de mal
Meaning
punishment that you accept for doing something wrong; an act of showing that you are sorry for sin
Example
The monk performed penance for his past mistakes.
Le moine a fait pénitence pour ses erreurs passées.
C1 adjective /ˈɒptɪməm/

optimum

optimal
Meaning
Most conducive to a favorable outcome; best.
Example
To achieve optimum results, we need to improve efficiency.
Pour obtenir des résultats optimaux, nous devons améliorer l'efficacité.
C1 noun /prəˈdʒɛktaɪl/

projectile

projectile
Meaning
An object fired, thrown, or propelled, especially from a weapon.
Example
The soldier dodged the incoming projectile.
Le soldat a esquivé le projectile entrant.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈvɛntɪv/

inventive

inventif
Meaning
Having the ability to create or design new things or to think originally.
Example
The inventor was known for his inventive solutions to everyday problems.
L'inventeur était connu pour ses solutions inventives aux problèmes quotidiens.
C1 adjective /rɪˈzɪdjuəl/

residual

résiduel
Meaning
Remaining after the greater part has gone.
Example
The patient experienced residual pain after the surgery.
Le patient a ressenti une douleur résiduelle après la chirurgie.
C1 verb /əˈdʒuːdɪˌkeɪt/

adjudicate

juger
Meaning
to make a formal judgment or decision about a problem or dispute
Example
The committee was formed to adjudicate disputes between the parties.
Un comité a été formé pour juger les différends entre les parties.
C1 noun /ˈæltoʊ/

alto

alto (voix chantée adulte)
Meaning
the second highest adult singing voice, between soprano and tenor
Example
She sang the alto part in the choir beautifully.
Elle chantait la partie alto dans la chorale magnifiquement.
C1 adjective /ˈrek.wɪ.zɪt/

Requisite

nécessaire; requis
Meaning
made necessary by particular circumstances; required
Example
Good communication skills are requisite for this job.
De bonnes compétences en communication sont nécessaires pour ce travail.
C1 adjective /ˈfeɪt.fəl/

fateful

décisif ou fatal
Meaning
having significant or disastrous consequences
Example
Their fateful decision changed the course of history.
Leur décision décisive a changé le cours de l'histoire.
C1 adjective /ˌɪn.ɪˈfɛk.tʃu.əl/

ineffectual

inefficace
Meaning
Not producing any or the desired effect; lacking the ability or qualities to achieve a purpose.
Example
The manager’s ineffectual leadership caused the team to lose motivation.
Le leadership inefficace du manager a causé la perte de motivation de l'équipe.
C1 verb /eɪl/

ail

être malade
Meaning
to be ill or suffer from a physical or mental problem; to trouble or afflict
Example
She has been ailing since last winter.
Elle est malade depuis l’hiver dernier.
C1 verb /ˈviːtoʊ/

veto

veto
Meaning
to reject or forbid a decision, proposal, or law
Example
The president decided to veto the new bill.
Le président a décidé de mettre son véto sur la nouvelle loi.
C1 noun /daɪˈsɛkʃən/

dissection

dissection
Meaning
the act of cutting apart or analyzing something in detail, especially a body or structure
Example
The dissection of the specimen revealed important details about its structure.
La dissection de l'échantillon a révélé des détails importants sur sa structure.
C1 adjective /ˌɛɡzɪˈstɛnʃəl/

existential

existentiel
Meaning
Relating to human existence, often concerning meaning or purpose of life.
Example
She went through an existential crisis during her midlife.
Elle a traversé une crise existentielle pendant sa vie adulte.
C1 verb /ˈiːkwəlaɪz/

equalize

égaliser
Meaning
To make equal or level in status, value, or amount.
Example
The team equalized the score in the last minute.
L'équipe a égalisé le score dans la dernière minute.
C1 noun /ˈstɛə.rɪ.əʊˌtaɪ.pɪŋ/

stereotyping

stéréotype
Meaning
A widely held but fixed and oversimplified image or idea of a particular type of person or thing.
Example
Stereotyping people based on their race is harmful.
Stéréotyper les gens en fonction de leur race est nuisible.
C1 verb ɪˈnɪʃɪeɪtɪd

initiated

initié
Meaning
Caused a process or action to begin; started something.
Example
The project was initiated to enhance marine biodiversity.
Le projet a été initié pour améliorer la biodiversité marine.
C1 noun /ˈvæɡ.ə.bɒnd/

Vagabond

vagabond; sans-abri
Meaning
a person who has no home or job and travels from place to place
Example
The old vagabond wandered through the streets looking for food.
Le vieux vagabond errait dans les rues à la recherche de nourriture.
C1 noun /ˌɪrɪˌspɒnsəˈbɪləti/

irresponsibility

irresponsabilité
Meaning
lack of responsibility or accountability; failure to act in a reliable or sensible way
Example
The accident was caused by his irresponsibility at work.
L'accident a été causé par son irresponsabilité au travail.
C1 noun /ˈænti ˈeəkræft ɡʌn/

Anti-aircraft-gun

canon antiaérien
Meaning
a weapon designed to attack aircraft from the ground
Example
The anti-aircraft gun was positioned to defend the military base.
Le canon antiaérien a été positionné pour défendre la base militaire.
C1 noun /ˈoʊvərˌtoʊn/

overtone

connotation subtile
Meaning
A subtle quality, implication, or additional meaning beyond the obvious.
Example
His speech had political overtones that were hard to ignore.
Son discours avait des connotations politiques qu'il était difficile d'ignorer.
C1 adverb /ˌkɒnfɪˈdenʃəli/

Confidentially

confidentiellement
Meaning
in a confidential manner; secretly; privately
Example
The information was shared confidentially between the two managers.
L'information a été partagée confidentiellement entre les deux gestionnaires.
C1 verb /koʊks/

coax

persuader
Meaning
to persuade someone gently or gradually to do something
Example
She managed to coax the cat out of the tree with some food.
Elle a réussi à convaincre le chat de descendre de l'arbre avec un peu de nourriture.
C1 noun /əˈflɪkʃən/

affliction

affliction
Meaning
a state of pain, suffering, or distress
Example
Poverty is a common affliction in many parts of the world.
La pauvreté est une affliction courante dans de nombreuses parties du monde.
C1 noun /ˌsɛrənˈdɪpɪti/

serendipity

sérendipité
Meaning
The occurrence of events by chance in a happy or beneficial way.
Example
Finding that old photo album was pure serendipity.
Trouver cet ancien album photo a été de la pure sérendipité.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈfriːkwənt/

infrequent

peu fréquent
Meaning
Happening rarely or not often.
Example
He made infrequent visits to his hometown after moving abroad.
Il faisait des visites peu fréquentes dans sa ville natale après avoir déménagé à l'étranger.
C1 noun /ˌdez.ɪɡˈneɪ.ʃən/

Designation

désignation; titre; poste; statut officiel
Meaning
the action of choosing someone for a position; a name, title, or official status
Example
His designation as team leader came with additional responsibilities and authority.
Sa désignation en tant que leader d'équipe s'accompagnait de responsabilités supplémentaires et d'autorité.
C1 adjective tɪˈneɪ.ʃəs

tenacious

tenace
Meaning
Not readily letting go of, giving up, or separated from an object that one holds, a position, or a principle; persistent.
Example
Her tenacious spirit helped her overcome hardships.
Son esprit tenace l'a aidée à surmonter les difficultés.
C1 noun /ˈɡoʊld.smɪθ/

Goldsmith

orfèvre
Meaning
a person who makes or repairs articles of gold
Example
The goldsmith crafted a beautiful wedding ring.
Le bijoutier a fabriqué une belle bague de mariage.
C1 verb /ɪˈloʊp/

elope

s'enfuir pour se marier
Meaning
to run away secretly in order to get married, especially without parental consent
Example
The young couple decided to elope to another city.
Le jeune couple a décidé de s'enfuir dans une autre ville pour se marier.
C1 adjective /ˌʃoʊ.vəˈnɪs.tɪk/

chauvinistic

chauviniste
Meaning
Displaying or characterized by excessive or prejudiced loyalty or support, especially towards one's own gender or group.
Example
His chauvinistic attitude alienated many of his female colleagues.
Son attitude chauviniste a aliéné beaucoup de ses collègues féminines.
C1 noun /ɪnˈsek.tɪ.saɪd/

Insecticide

insecticide
Meaning
a substance used for killing insects; a chemical pesticide that targets insects
Example
The farmer sprayed insecticide on his crops to protect them from harmful bugs.
Le fermier a pulvérisé de l'insecticide sur ses cultures pour les protéger des insectes nuisibles.
C1 adjective /ˈpæl.ɪd/

Pallid

pâle, surtout à cause d'une mauvaise santé; manquant de substance ou de vitalité
Meaning
pale, especially because of poor health; lacking substance or vitality
Example
His pallid complexion showed signs of illness.
Son teint pâle montrait des signes de maladie.
C1 noun /ˌmʌltɪˈplɪsɪti/

multiplicity

multiplicité
Meaning
A large number or variety of something.
Example
The project faced a multiplicity of challenges.
Le projet a dû faire face à une multiplicité de défis.
C1 noun /bɒmˈbɑːrdmənt/

bombardment

bombardement
Meaning
a continuous attack with bombs or other projectiles
Example
The city endured a heavy bombardment during the war.
La ville a enduré un bombardement intense pendant la guerre.
C1 noun /huːf/

Hoof

fer
Meaning
the hard part covering the foot of horses, cattle, sheep, and other animals
Example
The horse's hoof was injured after stepping on a sharp rock.
Le fer du cheval a été blessé après avoir marché sur une roche tranchante.
C1 adjective /ˈsɒljʊbəl/

soluble

soluble
Meaning
able to be dissolved, especially in water
Example
Sugar is soluble in water.
Le sucre est soluble dans l'eau.
C1 noun /ˈvælər/

valor

valeur
Meaning
Great courage in the face of danger, especially in battle.
Example
The soldier was honored for his valor during the war.
Le soldat a été honoré pour sa valeur pendant la guerre.
C1 noun /ˈθɪk.ɪt/

Thicket

buisson; fourré
Meaning
a dense group of bushes or trees; a thick growth of shrubs
Example
The rabbit disappeared into the thicket.
Le lapin a disparu dans le fourré.
C1 noun /vɪˈvæsɪti/

vivacity

vivacité
Meaning
The quality of being lively, animated, and full of energy.
Example
The child’s vivacity brightened the entire room.
La vivacité de l'enfant a éclairé toute la pièce.
C1 adjective /dɪsˈpæʃənət/

dispassionate

impartial
Meaning
not influenced by strong emotion; impartial
Example
The judge remained dispassionate throughout the trial.
Le juge est resté impartial pendant tout le procès.
C1 adjective /səˈtɪrɪk/

satiric

satirique
Meaning
Relating to or using satire.
Example
The novel takes a satiric view of urban life.
Le roman adopte un point de vue satirique sur la vie urbaine.
C1 adjective /stɔːntʃ/

staunch

ferme, fidèle
Meaning
Loyal, committed, and firm in support.
Example
She is a staunch supporter of environmental protection.
Elle est une défenseure ferme de la protection de l'environnement.
C1 noun /ˈneɪ.vəl fɔːrs/

Naval Force

forces navales
Meaning
the branch of a nation's armed services that conducts military operations at sea
Example
The naval force protected the country's coastline from enemy attacks.
Les forces navales ont protégé la côte du pays contre les attaques ennemies
C1 noun /ˈɪm.pæs/

impasse

impasse
Meaning
A situation where no progress is possible.
Example
The negotiations reached an impasse, delaying the agreement.
Les négociations ont atteint un impasse, retardant l'accord.
C1 noun /ˈkʌn.stə.bəl/

constable

agent de police
Meaning
a police officer of the lowest rank
Example
The constable directed traffic at the busy intersection.
L'agent de police a dirigé la circulation à l'intersection animée.
C1 verb /ˈweɪvər/

waver

hésiter
Meaning
to become unsteady or indecisive; to hesitate or shake
Example
She began to waver in her decision to move abroad.
Elle a commencé à hésiter dans sa décision de partir à l'étranger.
C1 adjective /ˈkælkjʊleɪtɪŋ/

calculating

calculateur
Meaning
acting in a scheming and ruthlessly determined way
Example
He had a cold and calculating approach to business.
Il avait une approche froide et calculatrice des affaires.
C1 noun /ˈplæn.teɪn ˈflaʊ.ər/

Plantain flower

fleur de plantain
Meaning
The flower bud of a banana plant, used as a vegetable in cooking
Example
We cooked plantain flower curry for dinner.
Nous avons cuisiné du curry de fleur de plantain pour le dîner.
C1 noun /ˈvendʒəns/

Vengeance

vengeance
Meaning
punishment inflicted or retribution exacted for an injury or wrong; revenge
Example
He swore to seek vengeance against those who wronged him.
Il jura de chercher la vengeance contre ceux qui lui avaient fait du tort.
C1 verb /ʃɜːrk/

shirk

éviter
Meaning
to avoid or neglect a duty or responsibility
Example
He always tries to shirk his responsibilities at work.
Il essaie toujours d'éviter ses responsabilités au travail.
C1 adjective /ɒˈstɛnsəbl/

ostensible

apparente
Meaning
stated or appearing to be true, but not necessarily so
Example
His ostensible reason for leaving was illness, but many doubted it.
Sa raison apparente de partir était la maladie, mais beaucoup en doutaient.
C1 adjective /rɪˈpʌɡ.nənt/

Repugnant

répugnant; détestable; insupportable
Meaning
extremely distasteful; unacceptable; causing disgust or strong dislike
Example
The idea of lying to his parents was repugnant to him.
L'idée de mentir à ses parents lui était répugnante.
C1 noun /ˈherən/

Heron

héron
Meaning
large wading bird with long legs and neck that feeds on fish
Example
The heron stood motionless by the water's edge, waiting for fish.
Le héron se tenait immobile au bord de l'eau, attendant les poissons.
C1 adjective /pəˈrɪfərəl/

peripheral

périphérique
Meaning
Relating to or situated on the edge or outer parts of something.
Example
The town is located on the peripheral area of the city.
La ville est située dans la zone périphérique de la ville.
C1 noun ˌdɪs.æmˌbɪɡ.juˈeɪ.ʃən

disambiguation

désambiguïsation
Meaning
The removal of ambiguity by making something clear and unambiguous.
Example
The AI system applies disambiguation to refine text understanding.
Le système IA applique la disambiguation pour affiner la compréhension du texte.
C1 adjective /rɪˈɡrɛtfəl/

regretful

regrettable
Meaning
feeling or showing sadness or disappointment about something that has happened or been done
Example
She gave him a regretful smile as she turned away.
Elle lui offrit un sourire regrettable alors qu'elle s'éloignait.
C1 noun /ˈpɪɡmənt/

pigment

pigment
Meaning
a natural or artificial substance used to give color to something
Example
The artist mixed different pigments to create the perfect shade of blue.
L'artiste a mélangé différents pigments pour créer la teinte parfaite de bleu.
C1 noun /poʊˈɛt.ɪks/

poetics

poétique, théorie de la poésie
Meaning
the study or theory of poetry and its principles
Example
He wrote a book on poetics explaining the art of verse.
Il a écrit un livre sur la poétique expliquant l'art du vers.
C1 noun /ˈɑn.set/

Onset

début; commencement
Meaning
the beginning or early stages of something; the start of a medical condition
Example
The onset of winter brought heavy snowfall.
Le début de l'hiver a apporté de fortes chutes de neige.
C1 adjective /rɪˈflek.sɪv/

Reflexive

réflexif; introspectif
Meaning
directed back on itself; showing deep thought about oneself
Example
She became more reflexive about her behavior after the feedback.
Elle est devenue plus réflexive sur son comportement après les retours.
C1 noun /rɪˈmɪt.əns/

Remittance

envoi de fonds
Meaning
A sum of money sent in payment or as a gift.
Example
The country's economy benefits from expatriate remittance.
L'économie du pays bénéficie des envois de fonds des expatriés.
C1 verb /rɪˈkaʊnt/

recount

raconter
Meaning
to narrate or tell the details of an event or experience
Example
She recounted her adventures during the summer trip.
Elle a raconté ses aventures pendant le voyage d'été.