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C1 noun /ˈæltoʊ/

alto

alto (voix chantée adulte)
Meaning
the second highest adult singing voice, between soprano and tenor
Example
She sang the alto part in the choir beautifully.
Elle chantait la partie alto dans la chorale magnifiquement.
C1 adjective /ˈpræk.tɪ.kə.bəl/

practicable

praticable
Meaning
able to be done or put into practice successfully
Example
The plan is not practicable without more resources.
Le plan n'est pas praticable sans plus de ressources.
C1 adjective /kənˈtɪɡ.ju.əs/

contiguous

contigu
Meaning
sharing a common border; touching
Example
The two continguous houses shared a wall.
Les deux maisons contiguës ont partagé un mur.
C1 adjective /ˌrɛprɪˈhɛnsəbl̩/

reprehensible

répréhensible
Meaning
Deserving strong criticism or blame.
Example
His dishonest actions were truly reprehensible.
Ses actions malhonnêtes étaient véritablement répréhensibles.
C1 preposition/adverb/conjunction /ˌnɒtwɪθˈstændɪŋ/

notwithstanding

nonobstant
Meaning
In spite of; despite
Example
Notwithstanding the challenges, the team completed the project.
Nonobstant les défis, l'équipe a terminé le projet.
C1 noun /ˈkliː.vər/

Cleaver

grand couteau
Meaning
a heavy knife with a broad blade used for chopping meat or vegetables
Example
The chef used a cleaver to chop the chicken bones.
Le chef a utilisé un grand couteau pour couper les os de poulet.
C1 noun /ˈstɪɡmə/

stigma

stigmatisme
Meaning
a mark of shame or disgrace associated with a particular circumstance or quality
Example
There is still a stigma around mental health issues in many societies.
Il existe encore un stigmate autour des problèmes de santé mentale dans de nombreuses sociétés.
C1 noun /ˈlæt.ɪ.tuːd/

Latitude

latitude
Meaning
the angular distance of a place north or south of the earth's equator; freedom to act or think
Example
The GPS device showed our exact latitude and longitude coordinates on the map.
L'appareil GPS a montré nos coordonnées exactes de latitude et de longitude sur la carte.
C1 verb /ˈdæŋɡəl/

dangle

pendre
Meaning
to hang loosely or swing freely
Example
The keys dangled from his belt.
Les clés pendaient de sa ceinture.
C1 adjective /ˌhoʊlˈhɑːrtɪd/

wholehearted

de tout cœur
Meaning
showing complete sincerity and commitment; fully enthusiastic
Example
She gave her wholehearted support to the project.
Elle a donné son soutien de tout cœur au projet.
C1 verb /ˌɪn.trəˈspekt/

introspect

introspecter
Meaning
To examine one's own thoughts, feelings, or mental state.
Example
He often introspects before making important decisions.
Il se livre souvent à de l'introspection avant de prendre des décisions importantes.
C1 verb /ˈkæp.saɪz/

capsize

culbuter
Meaning
to overturn in the water
Example
The small fishing boat capsized during the storm.
Le petit bateau de pêche s'est renversé pendant la tempête.
C1 adjective /rɪˈzɪdjuəl/

residual

résiduel
Meaning
Remaining after the greater part has gone.
Example
The patient experienced residual pain after the surgery.
Le patient a ressenti une douleur résiduelle après la chirurgie.
C1 noun /ˈɡraʊnd kruː/

ground crew

équipe au sol
Meaning
a team of people who maintain and service aircraft on the ground
Example
The ground crew prepared the plane for takeoff.
L'équipe au sol a préparé l'avion pour le décollage.
C1 noun /ɪmˈbɛzlmənt/

embezzlement

détournement de fonds
Meaning
The act of dishonestly taking money or property entrusted to one's care.
Example
The accountant was arrested for embezzlement of company funds.
Le comptable a été arrêté pour détournement de fonds de l'entreprise.
C1 noun /prəˈvaɪzoʊ/

proviso

condition
Meaning
a condition or stipulation attached to an agreement
Example
He accepted the job offer with the proviso that he could work remotely twice a week.
Il a accepté l'offre d'emploi sous la condition qu'il puisse travailler à distance deux fois par semaine.
C1 noun /ˈɡeɪ.ə.ti/

Gaiety

gaieté; ambiance festive;
Meaning
the state or quality of being light-hearted or cheerful; festive atmosphere
Example
The wedding reception was filled with gaiety, laughter, and joyful celebrations.
La réception de mariage était remplie de gaieté, de rires et de célébrations joyeuses.
C1 adjective /pərˈpetʃuəl/

perpetual

perpétuel
Meaning
never-ending or continuous
Example
She lived in perpetual fear of being discovered.
Elle vivait dans une peur perpétuelle d'être découverte.
C1 noun /ˈkɒnsjʊlət/

consulate

consulat
Meaning
the building or office where a consul works
Example
He went to the consulate to renew his visa.
Il est allé au consulat pour renouveler son visa.
C1 noun /ˈplæz.mə/

Plasma

partie liquide du sang; gaz ionisé; sérum sanguin sans protéines de coagulation
Meaning
the liquid part of blood; ionized gas; blood serum without clotting proteins
Example
Blood plasma contains various proteins and nutrients.
Le plasma sanguin contient diverses protéines et nutriments.
C1 adverb kəmˈpæktli

compactly

compactement
Meaning
In a closely packed or dense manner.
Example
Protons and neutrons are compactly arranged.
Les protons et les neutrons sont disposés de manière compacte.
C1 noun /kɑːɡ/

cog

dent de roue ou d'engrenage
Meaning
A tooth on the rim of a wheel or gear; metaphorically, a minor but necessary part of a larger system.
Example
He felt like just a small cog in a big machine.
Il se sentait comme un petit rouage dans une grande machine.
C1 noun ˈlɪniɪdʒ

Lineage

lignée
Meaning
Direct descent from an ancestor; ancestry or pedigree.
Example
Tracing your lineage can reveal unknown ancestors.
Tracer votre lignée peut révéler des ancêtres inconnus.
C1 noun /rɪˈnaʊn/

Renown

renommée; célébrité
Meaning
the condition of being known or talked about by many people; fame
Example
The scientist achieved international renown for her discoveries.
La scientifique a atteint une renommée internationale pour ses découvertes.
C1 adverb /ˌðɛərˈɪn/

Therein

dedans;
Meaning
in that place; in that respect
Example
The box contains many treasures, and therein lies its value.
La boîte contient de nombreux trésors, et dedans réside sa valeur.
C1 noun /pəˈpaɪrəs/

papyrus

papyre
Meaning
An ancient writing material made from the pith of the papyrus plant; also refers to the plant itself.
Example
The ancient scroll was written on papyrus.
Le rouleau ancien a été écrit sur du papyrus.
C1 noun /ˈtriːzən/

Treason

trahison
Meaning
the crime of betraying one's country, especially by attempting to kill or overthrow the sovereign or government
Example
He was accused of treason against the state.
Il a été accusé de trahison contre l'état.
C1 adjective /ɪˈrɛfjʊtəbəl/

Irrefutable

irréfutable
Meaning
impossible to deny or disprove; undeniable
Example
The evidence against him was irrefutable.
Les preuves contre lui étaient irréfutables.
C1 noun səˈsteɪnəbəl ænd kəˈlæbərətɪv əˈproʊtʃ

sustainable and collaborative approach

approche durable et collaborative
Meaning
A method of working together that can be maintained over time without depleting resources or causing harm.
Example
A sustainable and collaborative approach is crucial for solving environmental problems.
Une approche durable et collaborative est cruciale pour résoudre les problèmes environnementaux.
C1 adjective /rɪˈsɛsɪv/

recessive

récessif
Meaning
In genetics, relating to a trait that is expressed only when two copies of the gene are present.
Example
Blue eye color is often a recessive trait.
La couleur des yeux bleus est souvent un trait récessif.
C1 noun /ˈtwɪstər/

twister

tornade
Meaning
A tornado or something that twists; also refers to a challenging tongue twister.
Example
The twister destroyed several houses in the village.
La tornade a détruit plusieurs maisons dans le village.
C1 noun /kəˈnʌn.drəm/

conundrum

problème complexe ou énigme
Meaning
A complex problem or puzzle without an easy solution
Example
The ethical conundrum puzzled the researchers.
Le dilemme éthique a perturbé les chercheurs.
C1 noun /ˈhɒrəˌskoʊp/

horoscope

horoscope
Meaning
A forecast of a person's future based on the positions of the stars and planets at their birth.
Example
She read her horoscope every morning to see what the stars predicted.
Elle lisait son horoscope chaque matin pour voir ce que les étoiles prédisaient.
C1 adjective /ˈnɔːtɪkəl/

nautical

nautique
Meaning
relating to ships, sailors, or navigation on water
Example
He studied nautical charts before setting sail.
Il a étudié les cartes nautiques avant de prendre le large.
C1 noun /ˈprɒksi/

proxy

représentant
Meaning
A person authorized to act on behalf of another; a substitute.
Example
She voted by proxy at the meeting.
Elle a voté par procuration lors de la réunion.
C1 adjective /ˌsuːɪˈsaɪdəl/

Suicidal

suicidaire
Meaning
relating to or having thoughts of killing oneself; extremely dangerous or harmful
Example
The reckless driving was suicidal behavior.
La conduite imprudente était un comportement suicidaire.
C1 adjective /skænt/

Scant

insuffisant
Meaning
barely sufficient; inadequate; small in amount
Example
There was scant evidence to support his claim.
Il y avait peu de preuves pour soutenir sa réclamation.
C1 noun ˌmɪtɪˈɡeɪʃən ˈstrætədʒiz

mitigation strategies

stratégies d'atténuation
Meaning
Plans and actions designed to reduce the severity or impact of problems or risks.
Example
Governments must adopt mitigation strategies for climate change.
Les gouvernements doivent adopter des stratégies de mitigation pour le changement climatique.
C1 noun /ɪmˈbɑː.ɡoʊ/

embargo

embargo commercial
Meaning
A trade ban, restriction, or prohibition imposed by a government or international organization on a country.
Example
The UN imposed an embargo on arms exports.
L'ONU a imposé un embargo sur les exportations d'armes.
C1 adjective /ˈsleɪ.vɪʃ/

slavish

esclave
Meaning
showing no originality; completely imitative or overly submissive
Example
His slavish devotion to tradition prevented any innovation.
Sa dévotion esclave à la tradition a empêché toute innovation.
C1 noun /ˈnoʊmæd/

nomad

nomade
Meaning
A person who has no permanent home and moves from place to place.
Example
The desert was once home to nomads who lived by herding animals.
Le désert était autrefois la maison des nomades qui vivaient en élevant des animaux.
C1 verb /rɒmp/

romp

jouer joyeusement
Meaning
to play or move in a lively, carefree, and energetic way
Example
The children romped happily in the garden.
Les enfants jouaient joyeusement dans le jardin.
C1 noun /ˈɔːrdɪnəns/

ordinance

ordonnance
Meaning
An authoritative rule, law, or decree issued by a city, town, or authority.
Example
The city council passed an ordinance banning smoking in public parks.
Le conseil municipal a adopté une ordonnance interdisant de fumer dans les parcs publics.
C1 noun/verb /ˈtʌtʃ.ʌp/

touch-up

correction ou petite amélioration
Meaning
Small corrections or improvements made to something.
Example
The artist gave a quick touch-up to the painting.
L'artiste a fait une retouche rapide de la peinture.
C1 noun /ˈfæk.ʃən/

Faction

faction
Meaning
a small organized dissenting group within a larger one
Example
Different factions within the party disagreed about the new policy.
Différentes factions au sein du parti étaient en désaccord sur la nouvelle politique.
C1 adjective /ˈsteɪtli/

stately

majestueux et digne
Meaning
Having a dignified, majestic, and impressive appearance or manner.
Example
The stately mansion stood at the end of the long driveway.
Le manoir majestueux se tenait à l'extrémité de l'allée.
C1 adjective/noun /ˈnɜːr.tʃɚ.ɪŋ/

nurturing

soins, encouragement, développement
Meaning
The process of caring for and encouraging growth or development.
Example
A nurturing environment helps children thrive.
Un environnement nurturing aide les enfants à s'épanouir.
C1 adjective /ˌkɒnvəˈlɛsnt/

convalescent

en convalescence, en rétablissement après une maladie ou un traitement médical
Meaning
recovering from an illness or medical treatment
Example
The hospital has a special ward for convalescent patients.
L'hôpital dispose d'une salle spéciale pour les patients en convalescence.
C1 noun /ɪkˈspɛktənsi/

expectancy

attente
Meaning
the state of expecting something; anticipation or likelihood
Example
There was a sense of expectancy in the room before the results were announced.
Il y avait un sentiment d'attente dans la pièce avant que les résultats ne soient annoncés.
C1 verb /ˌʌndərˈsteɪt/

understate

minimiser
Meaning
To describe something as being less important or serious than it really is.
Example
He tends to understate his achievements.
Il a tendance à minimiser ses réalisations.
C1 noun /ˈmɒnəʊˌkʌltʃər/

monoculture

monoculture
Meaning
The agricultural practice of growing only one type of crop over a large area and for many consecutive years, which can lead to increased vulnerability to pests and diseases.
Example
Monoculture can lead to soil depletion and increased pest vulnerability.
La monoculture peut entraîner l'épuisement des sols et une vulnérabilité accrue aux ravageurs.
C1 noun /læʃ/

Lash

cil; coup de fouet ou corde
Meaning
an eyelash; a sharp blow with a whip or rope; to strike forcefully
Example
She carefully applied mascara to make her lashes look longer and darker.
Elle a soigneusement appliqué du mascara pour rendre ses cils plus longs et plus foncés.
C1 noun /ˈʌndərˌwɜːrld/

underworld

sous-monde
Meaning
The criminal world of organized crime or the mythical world of the dead.
Example
The detective spent years studying the secrets of the underworld.
Le détective a passé des années à étudier les secrets du sous-monde.
C1 noun/adjective /ˈmɪriəd/

myriad

innombrable
Meaning
a countless or extremely great number
Example
There are myriad stars in the night sky.
Il y a d'innombrables étoiles dans le ciel nocturne.
C1 noun /ˈprɒdɪdʒi/

prodigy

prodige
Meaning
a person, especially a young one, with exceptional talents or abilities
Example
Mozart was a child prodigy in music.
Mozart était un prodige enfant en musique.
C1 adjective /ˈrʌɡ.ɪd/

Rugged

rugueux et irrégulier; avec une surface irrégulière; fort et robuste
Meaning
rough and uneven; having a rough irregular surface; tough and strong
Example
The hikers crossed the rugged mountain terrain.
Les randonneurs ont traversé le terrain accidenté de la montagne.
C1 adjective /maɪˈkroʊ.bi.əl/

microbial

microbien
Meaning
Related to bacteria, fungi, and other microscopic organisms.
Example
Microbial activity in the soil improves fertility.
L'activité microbienne dans le sol améliore la fertilité.
C1 noun /ˈrɛl.ɪk/

relic

relique
Meaning
an object surviving from an earlier time, often of historical or religious interest
Example
The museum displayed relics from the ancient civilization.
Le musée a exposé des reliques de la civilisation ancienne.
C1 verb /ɪnˈθjuːz/

enthuse

enthousiasmer
Meaning
to express excitement or admiration
Example
She enthused about her trip to Italy.
Elle a exprimé son enthousiasme à propos de son voyage en Italie.
C1 adjective /əˈrɛstɪŋ/

arresting

impressionnant
Meaning
Attracting attention in a striking or impressive way.
Example
The actress gave an arresting performance.
L'actrice a donné une performance impressionnante.
C1 verb /bɔːk/

balk

refuser
Meaning
to hesitate or refuse to proceed or comply
Example
She balked at signing the contract without reading it fully.
Elle a hésité à signer le contrat sans le lire complètement.
C1 noun ˌɪrɪˈvɜːrsəbl ˈdæmɪdʒ

irreversible damage

dommages irréversibles
Meaning
Harm or injury that cannot be undone or repaired.
Example
Climate change causes irreversible damage to ecosystems.
Le changement climatique cause des dommages irréversibles aux écosystèmes.
C1 noun /ˈstɛnsəl/

stencil

pochoir
Meaning
A thin sheet of material with a design cut out, used to produce the design on the surface below by applying paint or ink through the cut-out holes.
Example
The artist used a stencil to paint identical stars on the wall.
L'artiste a utilisé un pochoir pour peindre des étoiles identiques sur le mur.
C1 noun /rɪˈsɜː.dʒəns/

resurgence

résurgence
Meaning
An increase or revival after a period of little activity, popularity, or occurrence.
Example
The city saw a resurgence in tourism after the pandemic.
La ville a connu une résurgence du tourisme après la pandémie.
C1 verb /ˈkʌn.dʒər/

conjure

conjurer
Meaning
to summon something as if by magic; to imagine vividly
Example
The magician conjured a rabbit out of the hat.
Le magicien a conjuré un lapin du chapeau.
C1 /skwɒt/

squat

s'accroupir
Meaning
to crouch or sit with knees bent and body close to the ground
Example
He squatted down to tie his shoes.
Il s'est accroupi pour lacer ses chaussures.
C1 noun /ˈliːdʒən/

legion

un grand groupe de personnes, en particulier des soldats ; un grand nombre
Meaning
a large group of people, especially soldiers; a great number
Example
The Roman army was divided into legions.
L'armée romaine a été divisée en légions.
C1 adjective /ˈsʌbstəntɪv/

substantive

important
Meaning
Having a firm basis in reality; important, meaningful, or considerable.
Example
The company made substantive changes to its policy.
L'entreprise a apporté des changements importants à sa politique.
C1 noun ˈfæl.ə.si

fallacy

fallacie, erreur, raisonnement incorrect
Meaning
False belief, misconception, false reasoning.
Example
The idea that success comes easy is a fallacy.
L'idée que le succès vient facilement est une fallacie.
C1 noun /ˈmæk.rəʊˌnjuː.tri.ənts/

macronutrients

macronutriments
Meaning
Nutrients that are needed in large amounts to provide energy and building materials for the body, including carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
Example
Proteins, fats, and carbohydrates are vital macronutrients.
Les protéines, les graisses et les glucides sont des macronutriments essentiels.
C1 verb /ˈdʒʌɡəl/

juggle

jongler
Meaning
To continuously toss and catch objects in the air; to manage many tasks at the same time.
Example
He tried to juggle work, studies, and family responsibilities.
Il a essayé de jongler entre le travail, les études et les responsabilités familiales.
C1 adjective /hɔːrs/

Hoarse

voix rauque ou cassée; avoir une voix rauque à force de crier ou de maladie
Meaning
rough or harsh in sound; having a rough voice from shouting or illness
Example
His voice became hoarse after shouting at the concert.
Sa voix est devenue rauque après avoir crié au concert.
C1 /ʃrɛd/

shred

déchiqueter
Meaning
to tear or cut something into small pieces
Example
She shredded the old documents before throwing them away.
Elle a déchiqueté les vieux documents avant de les jeter.
C1 noun /ˈskævɪndʒər/

scavenger

charognard / collecteur de déchets
Meaning
an animal or person that feeds on dead or discarded material
Example
Vultures are natural scavengers that clean up the environment.
Les vautours sont des scavengers naturels qui nettoient l'environnement.
C1 noun ˈwaɪldlaɪf ˈkɔːrɪdɔːrz

wildlife corridors

corridors de faune
Meaning
Areas of habitat connecting wildlife populations separated by human activities or structures.
Example
Wildlife corridors connect fragmented habitats, enabling species migration.
Les corridors de faune relient des habitats fragmentés, permettant la migration des espèces.
C1 adjective /ˈfrɪvələs/

frivolous

frivole
Meaning
Not having any serious purpose or value; silly or unimportant.
Example
She dismissed the frivolous complaint quickly.
Elle a rapidement rejeté la plainte frivole.
C1 noun /ˈfɪɡjərˌhɛd/

figurehead

tête symbolique
Meaning
a nominal leader with no real power; a symbolic head
Example
The king was merely a figurehead with no real authority.
Le roi était simplement un chef symbolique sans pouvoir réel.
C1 noun /ˈkɒn.vɔɪ/

convoy

convoi
Meaning
a group of vehicles or ships traveling together, often for protection
Example
The military convoy moved through the desert at dawn.
Le convoi militaire a traversé le désert à l'aube.
C1 verb /pɛk/

Peck

picorer
Meaning
To strike or bite something with a beak; to eat in small bites.
Example
The hen began to peck at the grains scattered on the ground.
La poule a commencé à picorer les grains éparpillés sur le sol.
C1 adjective /ˈbʊkɪʃ/

Bookish

étudieux; érudit
Meaning
studious; scholarly; devoted to reading and studying
Example
She was known for her bookish nature and love of literature.
Elle était connue pour sa nature studieuse et son amour de la littérature.
C1 noun /ˌɪnkwɪˈzɪʃən/

inquisition

inquisition
Meaning
A prolonged and intense questioning or investigation, often harsh in nature.
Example
The journalist faced an inquisition from the panel about his sources.
Le journaliste a fait face à une inquisition de la part du panel sur ses sources.
C1 adjective tɪˈneɪ.ʃəs

tenacious

tenace
Meaning
Not readily letting go of, giving up, or separated from an object that one holds, a position, or a principle; persistent.
Example
Her tenacious spirit helped her overcome hardships.
Son esprit tenace l'a aidée à surmonter les difficultés.
C1 noun /ˌɪnflɛksɪˈbɪlɪti/

inflexibility

inflexibilité
Meaning
the quality of being rigid or unwilling to change; lack of adaptability
Example
The inflexibility of the rules caused unnecessary delays.
L’inflexibilité des règles a causé des retards inutiles.
C1 noun /ˌprəʊ.baɪˈɒt.ɪks/

probiotics

probiotiques
Meaning
Live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer health benefits to the host, especially for digestive health.
Example
Probiotics improve digestion and enhance gut health.
Les probiotiques améliorent la digestion et favorisent la santé intestinale.
C1 adjective /fərˈlɔːrn/

forlorn

désespéré, triste
Meaning
extremely sad, lonely, or abandoned
Example
The abandoned puppy looked so forlorn in the rain.
Le chiot abandonné avait l'air si triste sous la pluie.
C1 noun /ˈpriː.tekst/

Pretext

prétexte
Meaning
a reason given in justification of a course of action that is not the real reason
Example
He used illness as a pretext to avoid the meeting.
Il a utilisé la maladie comme prétexte pour éviter la réunion.
C1 adjective /trænsˈfɜːrəbəl/

Transferable

transférable
Meaning
able to be moved from one place to another; able to be given to someone else
Example
The skills you learn here are transferable to other jobs.
Les compétences que vous apprenez ici sont transférables à d'autres emplois.
C1 adjective /ˈdestatəʊt/

Destitute

démuni; pauvre; sans argent ni biens
Meaning
extremely poor; without money or possessions
Example
Many families became destitute after the economic collapse.
De nombreuses familles sont devenues démunies après l'effondrement économique.
C1 adjective /səˈriːn/

serene

serein et paisible
Meaning
Calm, peaceful, and untroubled; tranquil.
Example
The lake had a serene and peaceful atmosphere.
Le lac avait une atmosphère sereine et paisible.
C1 noun /ˈræʃən/

ration

ration
Meaning
a fixed amount of something, especially food, officially allowed to each person
Example
During the war, each family received a weekly ration of rice.
Pendant la guerre, chaque famille recevait une ration hebdomadaire de riz.
C1 noun /ˌkɒnstəˈneɪʃən/

consternation

consternation
Meaning
A feeling of anxiety, dismay, or confusion, often caused by something unexpected.
Example
The sudden announcement caused widespread consternation among the employees.
L'annonce soudaine a provoqué une consternation généralisée parmi les employés
C1 noun ˈaʊt.sɔːr.sɪŋ

outsourcing

externalisation
Meaning
The practice of having certain job functions done outside a company instead of having an in-house department or employee handle them.
Example
Many companies use outsourcing to reduce labor costs.
De nombreuses entreprises utilisent l'externalisation pour réduire les coûts de main-d'œuvre.
C1 adjective /ˌsækrəˈlɪdʒəs/

sacrilegious

sacrilège
Meaning
Showing disrespect or irreverence toward something sacred.
Example
The painting was criticized as being sacrilegious.
Le tableau a été critiqué comme étant sacrilège.
C1 noun /səbˈmɜːrdʒəns/

submergence

immersion
Meaning
the act or process of being submerged or going underwater
Example
The submergence of coastal areas is a major concern due to rising sea levels.
L'immersion des zones côtières est une préoccupation majeure en raison de l'élévation du niveau de la mer.
C1 verb /bloʊt/

bloat

gonfler
Meaning
to swell or cause to swell, often due to fluid or gas
Example
Eating too much junk food can bloat your stomach.
Manger trop de malbouffe peut faire gonfler votre estomac.
C1 noun /ˈzeɪni/

Zany

farfelu, personne comique; enjoué
Meaning
amusingly unconventional and idiosyncratic; a comical person; foolishly playful
Example
He has a zany sense of humor that makes everyone laugh.
Il a un sens de l'humour farfelu qui fait rire tout le monde.
C1 noun /fɪlθ/

filth

saleté
Meaning
dirty or disgusting matter; moral corruption
Example
The streets were full of filth after the storm.
Les rues étaient pleines de saleté après la tempête.
C1 noun /ˈænərkɪst/

anarchist

anarchiste
Meaning
a person who believes in or promotes the absence of government or authority
Example
The anarchist group protested against state control.
Le groupe anarchiste a protesté contre le contrôle de l'État.
C1 verb /reɪz/

raze

raser
Meaning
To completely destroy or demolish something, especially a building.
Example
The old factory was razed to make way for new apartments.
L'ancienne usine a été rasée pour faire place à de nouveaux appartements.
C1 adjective /ˈædəmənt/

Adamant

obstiné; déterminé; inflexible; intransigeant
Meaning
একগুঁয়ে; জেদী; দৃঢ়সংকল্প; অনমনীয়;
Example
She was adamant about her decision to leave the company.
Elle était obstinée dans sa décision de quitter l'entreprise.
C1 noun /ɪˈklɪps/

Eclipse

éclipse (du soleil ou de la lune)
Meaning
an obscuring of light from one celestial body by another; a decline or loss
Example
The total solar eclipse darkened the sky for several minutes.
L'éclipse solaire totale a assombri le ciel pendant plusieurs minutes.
C1 verb /ˈtiːtər/

teeter

vaciller
Meaning
to move or balance unsteadily; to wobble
Example
The glass began to teeter on the edge of the table.
Le verre a commencé à vaciller sur le bord de la table.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈsteɪbəl/

instable

instable
Meaning
not stable; liable to change, collapse, or fail; lacking firmness or reliability
Example
The instable political situation worried foreign investors.
La situation politique instable a inquiété les investisseurs étrangers.
C1 verb /ˈvɪn.dɪ.keɪt/

vindicate

justifier
Meaning
To clear someone of blame or suspicion; to show or prove to be right, reasonable, or justified.
Example
The new evidence helped vindicate the wrongly accused man.
La nouvelle preuve a aidé à justifier l'homme injustement accusé.
C1 adjective /dɪˈbeɪst/

debased

dégradé
Meaning
having lost quality, value, or moral character
Example
The debased currency lost the trust of the people.
La monnaie dégradée a perdu la confiance des gens.
C1 noun /ɪnˌkɑːsəˈreɪʃən/

incarceration

incarcération
Meaning
the state of being imprisoned or confined
Example
The criminal faced years of incarceration for his crimes.
Le criminel a purgé des années d'incarcération pour ses crimes.
C1 noun /pərˈvɜːrʒən/

perversion

perversion
Meaning
The act of distorting or corrupting the original meaning, purpose, or state of something.
Example
The regime’s censorship was seen as a perversion of free speech.
La censure du régime a été vue comme une perversion de la liberté d'expression.
C1 adverb /əˈfrɛʃ/

afresh

à neuf
Meaning
From the beginning, in a new way.
Example
After the failure, they started the project afresh.
Après l'échec, ils ont recommencé le projet à neuf.
C1 noun (plural) /ˈɪndɪˌsiːz/

indices

indices
Meaning
plural form of index; statistical measures or reference points used for comparison
Example
Stock market indices fell sharply after the announcement.
Les indices du marché boursier ont chuté fortement après l'annonce.
C1 adverb /ˌɪn.ədˈvɜːr.tənt.li/

Inadvertently

involontairement; par erreur
Meaning
without being aware of what you are doing; unintentionally; by mistake
Example
She inadvertently deleted the important file while cleaning her computer.
Elle a accidentellement supprimé le fichier important en nettoyant son ordinateur.
C1 noun /ˈmɒn.ɑːk/

Monarch

monarque
Meaning
a sovereign ruler, especially a king or queen
Example
The monarch addressed the nation on television.
Le monarque a adressé la nation à la télévision.
C1 adjective /əˈprɛs.ɪv/

Oppressive

oppressif
Meaning
Harsh and authoritarian; overwhelming; causing distress; tyrannical;
Example
The oppressive heat made it difficult to work outside during the summer.
La chaleur oppressante rendait difficile de travailler à l'extérieur pendant l'été.
C1 adjective,noun /kənˈtɪn.dʒənt/

contingent

dépendant / contingent
Meaning
dependent on something else; a group of people representing an organization
Example
Attendance is contingent on prior registration. / A contingent of students attended the conference.
La présence dépend de l'inscription préalable. / Un contingent d'étudiants a assisté à la conférence.
C1 adjective /ˈbreɪzən/

brazen

effronté
Meaning
Bold and without shame; shameless.
Example
She made a brazen attempt to lie in front of everyone.
Elle a fait une tentative effrontée de mentir devant tout le monde.
C1 noun/verb /snɛər/

snare

piège
Meaning
a trap for catching animals; to catch or trap
Example
The hunter set a snare to catch rabbits.
Le chasseur a mis un piège pour attraper des lapins.
C1 adjective /ˌruː.dɪˈmen.tər.i/

Rudimentary

de base; élémentaire; sous-développé; dans les premiers stades du développement
Meaning
basic; elementary; undeveloped; in the earliest stage of development
Example
She has only rudimentary knowledge of French.
Elle a seulement des connaissances rudimentaires du français.
C1 noun /ˌætəˈʃeɪ/

attache

attaché diplomatique
Meaning
A person officially assigned to the staff of a diplomatic mission, often with a specific area of responsibility.
Example
The cultural attache organized an art exhibition in the embassy.
L'attaché culturel a organisé une exposition d'art à l'ambassade.
C1 verb /ˈdʒʌk.stə.poʊz/

juxtapose

placer deux choses différentes côte à côte
Meaning
To place two different things close together to show how they are different or similar.
Example
The artist juxtaposed traditional and modern elements in his painting.
L'artiste a placé des éléments traditionnels et modernes dans sa peinture.
C1 noun /rɪˈpɛərə/

repairer

réparateur
Meaning
a person whose job is to fix damaged or broken things
Example
The repairer fixed the broken washing machine quickly.
Le réparateur a réparé la machine à laver cassée rapidement.
C1 adjective /ˈtɛlˌteɪl/

telltale

révélateur
Meaning
Revealing something that is usually hidden; giving away a secret or clue.
Example
The telltale signs of fatigue were visible on his face.
Les signes révélateurs de fatigue étaient visibles sur son visage.
C1 adjective /səbˈsɜːviənt/

subservient

soumis / soumise
Meaning
prepared to obey others unquestioningly; less important than something else
Example
She was too subservient to challenge his decision.
Elle etait trop soumise pour contester sa decision.