activist
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B2 noun /ˈæktɪvɪst/

activist

militant
Meaning
A person who works to bring about social or political change.
Example
The activist organized a protest against pollution.
Le militant a organisé une manifestation contre la pollution.
C1 noun /əˈnɒməli/

anomaly

anomalie
Meaning
something that deviates from the norm or expected result
Example
The sudden drop in temperature was considered an anomaly.
La chute soudaine de température a été considérée comme une anomalie.
B2 adjective /fɔːrˈsiːəbl/

foreseeable

prévisible
Meaning
Able to be predicted or expected in advance
Example
The company is unlikely to make changes in the foreseeable future.
Il est peu probable que l'entreprise apporte des changements dans un avenir prévisible.
B1 noun dɪˈmɒk.rə.si

democracy

démocratie
Meaning
A system of government by the whole population or all the eligible members of a state, typically through elected representatives.
Example
Democracy ensures equal rights for all citizens.
La démocratie garantit l'égalité des droits pour tous les citoyens.
C1 noun /ˈnɑːrsɪsɪst/

narcissist

narcissiste
Meaning
A person who has an excessive interest in or admiration of themselves.
Example
Everyone avoided him because he was a narcissist.
Tout le monde l'évitait parce qu'il était un narcissiste.
B2 noun /dɪˈsen.dənt/

Descendant

descendant
Meaning
a person who is descended from a particular ancestor; offspring of a later generation
Example
She discovered that she was a descendant of European royalty through genealogy research.
Elle a découvert qu'elle était une descendante de la royauté européenne grâce à la recherche généalogique.
C1 noun /ˈiː.dən/

Eden

Éden
Meaning
a place or state of great happiness; paradise
Example
The garden was like Eden, filled with beautiful flowers and peaceful atmosphere.
Le jardin était comme l'Éden, rempli de belles fleurs et d'une atmosphère paisible.
C2 adjective /aɪˈdɒlətrəs/

idolatrous

idolatrique
Meaning
Excessively admiring or worshipping someone or something as an idol.
Example
The king was criticized for his idolatrous devotion to wealth.
Le roi a été critiqué pour sa dévotion idolâtrique à la richesse.
C2 noun /ˈɛskwaɪər/

esquire

esquire
Meaning
A title of respect often used after a man's name, especially for lawyers in the United States.
Example
John Smith, Esquire, will be representing the client in court.
John Smith, Esquire, représentera le client au tribunal.
B2 adjective /ˈtrɪviəl/

trivial

trivial
Meaning
Of little value or importance.
Example
He often gets upset over the most trivial matters.
Il se fâche souvent pour les choses les plus triviales.
C1 verb /druːp/

droop

pencher
Meaning
to bend or hang downward; to become weak or tired
Example
The flowers began to droop in the heat.
Les fleurs ont commencé à se pencher sous la chaleur.
B1 noun ɪnˈvestmənt

investment

investissement
Meaning
The action or process of investing money for profit or material result.
Example
Investment in waste management infrastructure is essential.
L'investissement dans l'infrastructure de gestion des déchets est essentiel.
C1 noun /ˈɡlædiˌeɪtər/

gladiator

gladiateur
Meaning
A man trained to fight in public contests in ancient Rome.
Example
The gladiator fought bravely in the arena.
Le gladiateur a combattu courageusement dans l'arène.
A2 adjective /trəˈdɪʃənəl/

Traditional

traditionnel
Meaning
relating to or following long-established customs; conventional
Example
They had a traditional wedding ceremony.
Ils ont eu une cérémonie de mariage traditionnelle.
C2 noun ˌpɜː.pɪˈtʃuː.ɪ.ti

perpetuity

perpétuité, éternité, continuité
Meaning
Permanence, eternity, continuity.
Example
The contract ensures payments in perpetuity.
Le contrat garantit des paiements en perpétuité.
A2 verb /əˈlaʊ/

allow

permettre
Meaning
to give permission for something to happen or someone to do something
Example
The teacher did not allow phones in class.
Le professeur n'a pas permis les téléphones en classe.
C1 noun /dɪˈskrep.ən.si/

discrepancy

discrépance, différence, divergence
Meaning
A lack of compatibility or similarity between two or more facts.
Example
The audit revealed a discrepancy between the reported earnings and actual income.
L'audit a révélé une discrépance entre les bénéfices déclarés et les revenus réels.
B1 noun /ɪnˈvɛstər/

investor

investisseur
Meaning
a person or organization that puts money into financial schemes, property, or business ventures with the expectation of achieving a profit
Example
The investor funded the startup with a large sum of money.
L'investisseur a financé la startup avec une grande somme d'argent.
C2 noun /ˈplɛdʒiː/

pledgee

la personne à qui quelque chose est attribué comme garantie
Meaning
a person to whom something is pledged or given as security
Example
The bank is the pledgee of the collateral until the loan is repaid.
La banque est le créancier du bien jusqu'à ce que le prêt soit remboursé.
C2 noun /ˈsɛnʃəns/

sentience

sensibilité
Meaning
The capacity to feel, perceive, or experience subjectively.
Example
Many argue that animals possess sentience.
Beaucoup soutiennent que les animaux possèdent la sensibilité.
B2 verb ˈeksɪkjuːt

execute

exécuter
Meaning
To carry out or put into effect a plan, order, or course of action.
Example
NASA plans to execute the mission in three phases.
La NASA prévoit d'exécuter la mission en trois phases.
C1 adjective ˌɪn.krəˈmen.təl

incremental

incrémental
Meaning
Relating to or denoting an increase or addition, especially one of a series on a fixed scale; proceeding in small stages.
Example
Incremental changes ensure sustainability.
Les changements incrémentaux assurent la durabilité.
C1 verb /ˈɪnsjuleɪt/

insulate

isoler
Meaning
To protect something by covering it, especially to prevent heat, sound, or electricity from escaping or entering.
Example
The house was insulated to reduce heating costs.
La maison a été isolée pour réduire les coûts de chauffage.
A1 noun /ˈpɪk.tʃər/

Picture

image
Meaning
a visual representation such as a painting, drawing, or photograph
Example
There is a beautiful picture hanging on the wall.
Il y a une belle image accrochée au mur.
C1 adjective /tænˈdʒɛnʃəl/

tangential

tangentielle
Meaning
relating to or along a tangent; slightly or indirectly related to something
Example
His remarks were tangential to the main topic of discussion.
Ses remarques étaient tangentielles au sujet principal de la discussion.
C1 /ʃrɛd/

shred

déchiqueter
Meaning
to tear or cut something into small pieces
Example
She shredded the old documents before throwing them away.
Elle a déchiqueté les vieux documents avant de les jeter.
B1 noun /ˈdʒʌm.pər/

Jumper

pull;
Meaning
a knitted garment worn on the upper body; a person or animal that jumps
Example
She wore a warm woolen jumper during the cold winter evening.
Elle portait un pull en laine chaud pendant la froide soirée d'hiver.
C2 adjective /ˌɛl.ɪˈdʒaɪ.ək/

elegiac

éligiaque
Meaning
Expressing sorrow, often for something past; resembling an elegy.
Example
The novel ends on an elegiac note, mourning the lost era.
Le roman se termine sur une note élégiaque, pleurant l'ère perdue.
B2 noun /kəmˈplaɪ.əns/

compliance

conformité
Meaning
The practice of conforming to rules, regulations, or laws; obedience to orders or instructions.
Example
Schools expect compliance with their rules and policies.
Les écoles attendent le respect de leurs règles et politiques.
C2 verb /ˌaʊtməˈnuːvər/

outmaneuver

surpasser habilement
Meaning
to gain an advantage over an opponent by skillful or clever action
Example
The smaller company managed to outmaneuver its larger rival.
La petite entreprise a réussi à surpasser habilement son grand concurrent.
A2 noun /ˈnoʊ.tɪs/

Notice

avis
Meaning
attention to something; a written or printed announcement
Example
The notice on the board announced the school closure.
L'avis sur le tableau a annoncé la fermeture de l'école.
B1 noun ˈbreɪvəri

bravery

bravoure
Meaning
Courageous behavior or character; the quality of being brave.
Example
The bravery of our soldiers is unforgettable.
La bravoure de nos soldats est inoubliable.
B2 noun /ˈhɑːt.biːt/

heartbeat

battement du cœur
Meaning
A pulsation of the heart, especially as perceptible to the touch or audible with a stethoscope.
Example
Rubbing the eyes helps normalize the heartbeat.
Frotter les yeux aide à normaliser le battement du cœur.
B2 noun /ˌærɪˈstɑːkrəsi/

aristocracy

aristocratie
Meaning
a class of people holding exceptional rank and privileges, especially hereditary nobility
Example
The aristocracy often had influence over political decisions.
L'aristocratie avait souvent une influence sur les décisions politiques.
C1 adjective /nəʊˈmæd.ɪk/

nomadic

nomade
Meaning
Living the life of a nomad; wandering from place to place without a fixed home.
Example
The tribe led a nomadic lifestyle.
La tribu menait un mode de vie nomade.
B2 verb /ˈsɒfən/

soften

ramollir
Meaning
to make or become less hard, severe, or strong.
Example
Heat will soften the butter quickly.
La chaleur ramollira le beurre rapidement.
A1 noun /ɒkˈtoʊbər/

october

octobre
Meaning
the tenth month of the year in the Gregorian calendar
Example
The weather becomes cooler in October.
Le temps devient plus frais en octobre.
A1 adverb /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

also

aussi
Meaning
in addition; too
Example
She sings beautifully and also plays the guitar.
Elle chante magnifiquement et joue aussi de la guitare.
B2 noun /əˈɡrɛʃən/

aggression

agression
Meaning
hostile or violent behavior towards others
Example
His sudden aggression surprised everyone in the meeting.
Sa soudaine agression a surpris tout le monde à la réunion.
B1 noun /ˈɡræn(d)ˌdɔːtər/

granddaughter

petite-fille
Meaning
the daughter of one’s son or daughter
Example
Her granddaughter visits her every weekend.
Sa petite-fille lui rend visite chaque week-end.
A2 noun /ˈbækɡraʊnd/

Background

arrière-plan
Meaning
the circumstances or situation that form the setting; a person's education, experience, or social circumstances
Example
She has a strong background in mathematics and computer science.
Elle a un solide arrière-plan en mathématiques et en informatique.
C1 noun /teɪnt/

Taint

tache; marque; corruption ou contamination
Meaning
a stain or mark that spoils something; corruption or contamination
Example
The scandal left a permanent taint on his reputation.
Le scandale a laissé une tache permanente sur sa réputation.
A2 noun /ˌen.təˈteɪn.mənt/

Entertainment

divertissement
Meaning
the action of providing or being provided with amusement or enjoyment
Example
The concert provided excellent entertainment for the entire family.
Le concert a offert un excellent divertissement pour toute la famille.
A2 noun /sɒks/

Socks

chaussettes
Meaning
soft coverings for the feet, typically worn inside shoes
Example
I need to buy new socks for winter.
J'ai besoin d'acheter de nouvelles chaussettes pour l'hiver.
C1 noun kəˈmjunəl ˈhɑrməni

communal harmony

harmonie communautaire
Meaning
Peaceful coexistence and cooperation among different groups in a community.
Example
Maintaining communal harmony requires mutual respect and understanding.
Maintenir l'harmonie communautaire nécessite le respect et la compréhension mutuels.
C2 noun ˌhiː.məˈfɪl.i.ə

hemophilia

hémophilie
Meaning
A medical condition in which the ability of the blood to clot is severely reduced, causing the sufferer to bleed severely from even a slight injury.
Example
Hemophilia treatment benefits from genetic editing.
Le traitement de l'hémophilie bénéficie de l'édition génétique.
A2 noun /biːn/

Bean

haricot
Meaning
an edible seed, typically kidney-shaped, growing in long pods on certain leguminous plants
Example
We planted green beans in our vegetable garden this spring.
Nous avons planté des haricots verts dans notre jardin de légumes ce printemps.
A2 adjective /ˈbrɪtɪʃ/

british

britannique
Meaning
relating to Great Britain or its people
Example
She loves British culture and traditions.
Elle aime la culture et les traditions britanniques.
C1 adjective ˈzɛləs

zealous

ardent
Meaning
Having or showing great energy or enthusiasm in pursuit of a cause or objective; fervent.
Example
The zealous volunteers worked tirelessly for the cause.
Les volontaires ardents ont travaillé sans relâche pour la cause.
C1 noun /ˈkɔːkəs/

caucus

réunion politique
Meaning
A meeting of members of a political party to select candidates or decide policy.
Example
The party held a caucus to nominate their candidate for president.
Le parti a tenu une réunion pour nommer son candidat à la présidence.
B1 adjective /ˈkoʊzi/

cozy

confortable
Meaning
giving a feeling of comfort, warmth, and relaxation
Example
We sat in a cozy little café on a rainy day.
Nous nous sommes assis dans un petit café confortable un jour de pluie.
B1 noun ˈpeɪʃəns

patience

patience
Meaning
The capacity to accept or tolerate delay, problems, or suffering without becoming annoyed or anxious
Example
Patience is essential when chasing big goals.
La patience est essentielle lorsqu'on poursuit de grands objectifs.
B2 noun ˈruθləs ˌkɑmpəˈtɪʃən

ruthless competition

compétition impitoyable
Meaning
Fierce and merciless rivalry or contest, without pity or compassion.
Example
Ruthless competition for power leads to societal issues.
La compétition impitoyable pour le pouvoir mène à des problèmes sociaux.
C2 adjective, adverb /ˈsaɪdlɔːŋ/

sidelong

regard oblique
Meaning
Directed to the side; indirect, furtive, or not straightforward.
Example
She gave him a sidelong glance across the room.
Elle lui lança un regard oblique à travers la pièce.
A1 noun /ˈhɒs.pɪ.təl/

hospital

hôpital
Meaning
an institution where sick or injured people are given medical treatment
Example
He was taken to the hospital after the accident.
Il a été emmené à l'hôpital après l'accident.
B1 verb /stretʃ/

stretch

étirer
Meaning
to extend or expand; to make or become longer or wider
Example
Athletes stretch their muscles before exercising.
Les athlètes étirent leurs muscles avant de s'exercer.
C1 verb /daɪˈɡrɛs/

digress

s'écarter temporairement du sujet principal
Meaning
To leave the main subject temporarily in speech or writing.
Example
The professor began to digress from the main topic of the lecture.
Le professeur a commencé à digresser du sujet principal de la conférence.
C1 noun /ˈkævərn/

cavern

caverne
Meaning
a large cave or chamber in a cave
Example
The explorers entered a dark cavern beneath the mountain.
Les explorateurs sont entrés dans une caverne sombre sous la montagne.
A2 noun ˈsɜːvɪsɪz

services

services
Meaning
The action of helping or doing work for someone.
Example
Services in the healthcare industry are essential for well-being.
Les services dans l'industrie de la santé sont essentiels au bien-être.
A1 noun /ˈfraɪ.deɪ/

friday

vendredi
Meaning
the day of the week following Thursday and preceding Saturday
Example
We have a team meeting every Friday afternoon.
Nous avons une réunion d’équipe chaque vendredi après-midi.
A2 noun /fæt/

Fat

graisse
Meaning
a natural oily substance occurring in animal bodies; lipid used in cooking
Example
Too much fat in your diet can be unhealthy.
Trop de graisse dans votre alimentation peut être malsain.
C1 noun lɪˈkwɪd.ə.ti

liquidity

liquidité
Meaning
The availability of liquid assets to a market or company; the ability to convert assets into cash quickly.
Example
Maintaining liquidity is crucial for financial stability.
Maintenir la liquidité est crucial pour la stabilité financière.
C2 adjective /ˈʌndjʊləs/

undulous

ondulé
Meaning
Having a wavy surface or form.
Example
The artist painted the undulous sea at sunset.
L'artiste a peint la mer ondulée au coucher du soleil.
C2 adjective /ɪnˈvɛtərət/

inveterate

invétéré
Meaning
having a long-established habit, activity, or interest that is unlikely to change
Example
He is an inveterate reader who spends hours in the library every day.
Il est un lecteur invétéré qui passe des heures à la bibliothèque chaque jour.
B2 noun /əˈbɔːrʃən/

abortion

avortement
Meaning
The deliberate termination of a human pregnancy, usually performed during the first 28 weeks.
Example
The debate about abortion continues to divide public opinion.
Le débat sur l'avortement continue de diviser l'opinion publique.
C2 adjective /ˌpɛrənˈθɛtɪkəl/

parenthetical

commentaire entre parenthèses
Meaning
Relating to or expressed in parentheses; a side remark or digression.
Example
He added a parenthetical comment during the lecture.
Il a ajouté un commentaire entre parenthèses pendant la conférence.
C2 adjective /kəˈmoʊdiəs/

commodious

spacieux
Meaning
spacious and comfortable; having plenty of room
Example
They rented a commodious apartment in the city.
Ils ont loué un appartement spacieux en ville.
B2 noun /ɡræm/

Gram

pois chiche
Meaning
chickpea; a leguminous plant and its edible seed
Example
She cooked gram curry for lunch today.
Elle a préparé du curry de pois chiches pour le déjeuner aujourd'hui.
B2 adjective /ˌɪnɪˈfɪʃənt/

Inefficient

inefficace
Meaning
not achieving maximum productivity; wasteful of time or resources
Example
The old computer system was inefficient and wasted a lot of time.
Le vieux système informatique était inefficace et gaspillait beaucoup de temps.
B2 noun /ɪnˈveɪʒən/

invasion

invasion
Meaning
An instance of invading a country, region, or personal space with armed force or unwelcome presence.
Example
The army prepared for the possibility of an invasion.
L'armée s'est préparée à la possibilité d'une invasion.
B2 adjective /ˈaʊtˌɡoʊɪŋ/

outgoing

sociable
Meaning
Friendly and sociable; inclined to mix with others.
Example
He is an outgoing person who loves meeting new people.
C'est une personne sociable qui aime rencontrer de nouvelles personnes.
A1 noun /kɑːrd/

card

carte
Meaning
A small, flat piece of stiff paper or thin cardboard used for various purposes, such as identification, greetings, or playing games.
Example
She handed me her business card after the meeting.
Elle m'a remis sa carte de visite apres la reunion.
B2 adjective /ˈtruːθ.fəl/

Truthful

véridique
Meaning
telling or expressing the truth; honest and sincere
Example
She was always truthful in her answers during the interview.
Elle a toujours été sincère dans ses réponses lors de l'entretien.
C1 noun /kuː/

coup

coup d'État
Meaning
a sudden, decisive action that brings about a change, especially in government
Example
The military staged a coup to overthrow the existing regime.
L'armée a organisé un coup d'État pour renverser le régime en place.
B2 noun ˈkɛmɪkəl weɪst

chemical waste

déchets chimiques
Meaning
Waste material from industrial or laboratory processes that contains harmful chemicals.
Example
Chemical waste pollutes water bodies.
Les déchets chimiques polluent les plans d'eau.
B2 adjective /ˈlʌvəbl̩/

loveable

bonheur
Meaning
easy to love; endearing or charming
Example
The puppy was so loveable that everyone wanted to hold it.
Elle n'a pas pu cacher son bonheur lorsqu'elle a reçu le prix.
B2 noun ˈdʒes.tʃərz

gestures

gestes
Meaning
Body movements, especially of hands, face, or body when speaking.
Example
Effective gestures add emphasis to a speech.
Les gestes efficaces ajoutent de l'emphase à un discours.
C2 verb /pɜːrl/

purl

couler avec un bruit de murmure
Meaning
To knit with a purl stitch; to flow with a murmuring sound (as a stream).
Example
The brook purled softly through the meadow.
Le ruisseau purla doucement à travers la prairie.
C2 adjective /ˈkrɛdʒʊləs/

credulous

crédule
Meaning
Having or showing too great a readiness to believe things.
Example
The credulous child believed every story she heard.
L'enfant crédule croyait chaque histoire qu'elle entendait.
C2 adverb /ˌeɪˈmɔːrəli/

amorally

amoralement
Meaning
In a way that shows no concern about whether behavior is morally right or wrong.
Example
He acted amorally, ignoring the consequences of his actions.
Il a agi amoralement, ignorant les conséquences de ses actions.
B2 adjective /dɪˈstɪŋkt/

Distinct

distinct; unique; clair; reconnaissable
Meaning
separate and different; clear and recognizable; unique
Example
Each painting has its own distinct style and character.
Chaque peinture a son propre style et caractère distinct.
C1 noun /mɑːrˈsuːpiəl/

marsupial

mammifère qui porte et nourrit ses petits dans une poche
Meaning
A type of mammal that carries and nourishes its young in a pouch, like kangaroos and koalas.
Example
The kangaroo is a well-known marsupial.
Le kangourou est un marsupial bien connu.
C2 adjective /ɪkˌstɛmpəˈreɪniəs/

extemporaneous

dit sans préparation
Meaning
Spoken or done without preparation.
Example
He gave an extemporaneous speech at the meeting.
Il a fait un discours extemporané lors de la réunion.
C1 verb /ˈskaʊər/

scour

frotter / chercher minutieusement
Meaning
to clean or brighten the surface of something by scrubbing; to search thoroughly
Example
She scoured the kitchen until it shone.
Elle a frotté la cuisine jusqu'à ce qu'elle brille.
C1 adjective /ˌæntiˈneɪtl/

antenatal

prénatal
Meaning
Relating to the medical care and treatment given to a pregnant woman before the birth of her child.
Example
She attended regular antenatal checkups throughout her pregnancy.
Elle a assisté à des consultations prénatales régulières tout au long de sa grossesse.
C2 adjective /ræpˈtɔːriəl/

raptorial

rapace
Meaning
Relating to birds of prey or predatory behavior.
Example
The eagle is a raptorial bird with sharp talons.
L'aigle est un oiseau de proie avec des serres acérées.
B2 noun /æs/

Ass

âne
Meaning
a donkey; a small domesticated animal of the horse family
Example
The farmer used an ass to carry heavy loads.
Le fermier a utilisé un âne pour transporter de lourdes charges.
B1 noun /dʌst/

dust

poussière
Meaning
Fine particles of matter.
Example
Road dust is a major pollutant in urban areas.
La poussière de la route est un polluant majeur dans les zones urbaines.
C1 adjective /ˌʌnfɔːrˈsiːn/

unforeseen

Meaning
Not anticipated or predicted; unexpected.
Example
The project faced unforeseen challenges that delayed its completion.
B2 verb /dɪsˈkʌrɪdʒ/

discourage

décourager
Meaning
to make someone less confident or enthusiastic about doing something
Example
Failure should not discourage you from trying again.
L'échec ne doit pas vous décourager de recommencer.
B2 noun /ˈkɒntræktər/

contractor

entrepreneur
Meaning
a person or company that agrees to provide materials or labor to perform a service or do a job
Example
The contractor completed the building project on time.
L'entrepreneur a terminé le projet de construction à temps.
C1 verb/noun /ˈrɛlɪʃ/

relish

apprécier / condiment
Meaning
to greatly enjoy; also a condiment or sauce
Example
She relished the opportunity to travel abroad.
Elle a beaucoup apprécié l'occasion de voyager à l'étranger.
C1 adjective /juːˈfɔːrɪk/

euphoric

euphorique
Meaning
Characterized by or feeling intense excitement and happiness.
Example
The fans were euphoric after their team's victory.
Les fans étaient euphorique après la victoire de leur équipe.
B1 noun ɪɡˈzek.jə.tɪv

executive

exécutif
Meaning
The branch of government responsible for implementing and enforcing laws.
Example
The executive body enforces policies.
L'organe exécutif applique les politiques.
B2 adjective /ˈmiː.nɪŋ.ləs/

Meaningless

insensé; sans but; dénué de sens
Meaning
without purpose; having no significance; pointless
Example
The data became meaningless without proper context.
Les données sont devenues sans signification sans le contexte approprié.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈedəbəl/

Inedible

incomestible
Meaning
not suitable or safe for eating; not edible
Example
The mushrooms were poisonous and completely inedible.
Les champignons étaient venimeux et complètement inédibles.
B2 noun /ˈwel.wɪʃ.ər/

Well-wisher

bienfaiteur
Meaning
a person who desires happiness or success for another
Example
Many well-wishers came to congratulate her on her graduation.
De nombreux bienfaiteurs sont venus la féliciter pour sa remise de diplôme.
C1 adjective /ˈpɒp.jʊ.ləs/

Populous

populeux
Meaning
having a large population; densely populated; crowded with people
Example
China is the most populous country in the world.
La Chine est le pays le plus peuplé du monde.
C2 adjective /ɪˈnɪkwɪtəs/

iniquitous

iniquité
Meaning
grossly unfair and morally wrong
Example
Slavery was one of the most iniquitous practices in history.
L'esclavage était l'une des pratiques les plus iniquitous de l'histoire.
B2 noun /ˈmæd.nəs/

Madness

folie; démence;
Meaning
the state of being mentally ill, especially severely; extremely foolish behavior
Example
It would be madness to drive in this storm.
Ce serait de la folie de conduire sous cette tempête.
B2 noun /dʒɜːrk/

Jerk

secousse; coup; personne stupide
Meaning
a quick, sharp, sudden movement; an abrupt pull or twist; a foolish person
Example
The sudden jerk of the train caused passengers to lose their balance momentarily.
Le coup soudain du train a fait perdre l'équilibre des passagers momentanément.
C2 noun /ˈæpəˌlɔːɡ/

apologue

récit moral
Meaning
a short moral story or fable intended to teach a lesson
Example
The teacher used an old apologue to explain honesty to the children.
Le professeur a utilisé un ancien récit moral pour expliquer l'honnêteté aux enfants.
B2 noun /ˈpen neɪm/

Pen-name

pseudonyme
Meaning
a fictitious name used by an author instead of their real name; a pseudonym
Example
Mark Twain was the pen-name of Samuel Clemens.
Mark Twain était le pseudonyme de Samuel Clemens.
C1 noun, verb /ˌprɒməˈneɪd/

promenade

promenade
Meaning
A leisurely walk or stroll, especially in a public place for pleasure or display.
Example
They went for a promenade along the seaside.
Ils sont allés faire une promenade le long de la mer.
B2 noun/verb /pəʊl/

poll

sondage
Meaning
a survey of public opinion or voting in an election
Example
The poll revealed that most people favored the new policy.
Le sondage a révélé que la plupart des gens soutenaient la nouvelle politique.
A1 noun /ˈpiːpl/

people

gens
Meaning
a group of human beings collectively
Example
The people in the town gathered for the festival.
Les gens dans la ville se sont rassemblés pour le festival.
C1 noun /sɔɪl ˈmæn.ɪdʒ.mənt/

soil management

gestion des sols
Meaning
The application of operations, practices, and treatments to protect soil and enhance its performance.
Example
Proper soil management improves long-term agricultural productivity.
Une gestion appropriée des sols améliore la productivité agricole à long terme.
C1 adjective /kənˈtraɪvd/

contrived

artificiel ou forcé; pas naturel ni spontané
Meaning
artificial or forced; not natural or spontaneous
Example
The ending of the movie felt contrived and unrealistic.
La fin du film semblait artificielle et irréaliste.
B2 noun /ˈɔr.fən/

Orphan

orphelin
Meaning
a child whose parents are dead; someone without protective support
Example
The orphan was adopted by a loving family.
L'orphelin a été adopté par une famille aimante.
C1 noun /ˈfɔːr.teɪ/ or /fɔːrt/

forte

talent
Meaning
a strong ability or talent; something one does particularly well
Example
Cooking is definitely her forte.
La cuisine est définitivement son talent.
C1 noun ˈiːkəʊˌsɪstəm ˈsɜːvɪsɪz

ecosystem services

services écosystémiques
Meaning
The benefits people obtain from ecosystems.
Example
Forests provide valuable ecosystem services, such as purifying air and water.
Les forêts fournissent des services écosystémiques précieux, comme la purification de l'air et de l'eau.
B2 adjective /ˈfɔːrtʃənət/

fortunate

fortuné
Meaning
Having good luck or receiving something desirable by chance.
Example
She was fortunate to escape the accident without injuries.
Elle a eu de la chance d'échapper à l'accident sans blessures.
C1 verb /prəˈlɪf.ə.reɪt/

proliferate

proliférer
Meaning
To increase rapidly in numbers; to grow or spread quickly and extensively.
Example
Startups tend to proliferate in a thriving economy.
Les startups ont tendance à proliférer dans une économie prospère.
A2 verb /fɪks/

fix

réparer
Meaning
To repair or make something work again.
Example
The mechanic fixed the broken car.
Le mécanicien a réparé la voiture cassée.
B2 adjective /lɑːrdʒ skeɪl/

large-scale

grande échelle
Meaning
involving a large number or quantity, or covering a large area
Example
The company is planning a large-scale expansion into international markets.
L'entreprise prévoit une expansion à grande échelle sur les marchés internationaux.
B1 adjective /ˈmæsɪv/

Massive

massif; extrêmement grand; énorme en taille ou en quantité
Meaning
extremely large; huge in size or amount
Example
The company made a massive profit this year.
L'entreprise a réalisé un bénéfice massif cette année.
C2 adjective /ˈbrækɪʃ/

brackish

salé
Meaning
Slightly salty, often describing water that is a mix of fresh and seawater.
Example
The river estuary contained brackish water.
L'estuaire du fleuve contenait de l'eau salée.
C1 adjective /ˌniːoʊˈlɪθɪk/

neolithic

néolithique
Meaning
Relating to the later part of the Stone Age, when ground or polished stone weapons and tools prevailed.
Example
Neolithic communities began practicing agriculture and domesticating animals.
Les communautés néolithiques ont commencé à pratiquer l'agriculture et à apprivoiser des animaux.
C1 noun /kəʊˈhiːʒən/

cohesion

cohésion
Meaning
The action or fact of forming a united whole.
Example
The team showed excellent cohesion throughout the project.
L'équipe a montré une excellente cohésion tout au long du projet.
C1 adjective /ˈsɪn.tɪ.leɪ.tɪŋ/

scintillating

scintillant
Meaning
brilliantly clever, exciting, or sparkling
Example
Her scintillating conversation kept everyone entertained.
Sa conversation scintillante a diverti tout le monde.
B2 noun /ˌrɛprɪzɛnˈteɪʃən/

representation

représentation
Meaning
the action of speaking or acting on behalf of someone or something
Example
Her representation of the team was impeccable.
Sa représentation de l'équipe était impeccable.