absorbent
All a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
All CEFR A1 A2 B1 B2 C1 C2
Content locale
EN Anglais BN Bengali HI Hindi ES Espagnol FR Français DE Allemand RU Russe ZH Chinois JA Japonais
All Vocabulary Cards All Vocabularies
C1 adjective, noun /əbˈzɔːrbənt/

absorbent

absorbant
Meaning
able to soak up liquid, moisture, or energy easily; a material or substance that absorbs
Example
This towel is highly absorbent and dries quickly.
Cette serviette est très absorbante et sèche rapidement.
C1 verb /skwɪnt/

squint

plisser les yeux
Meaning
to look with partly closed eyes
Example
She squinted at the bright sunlight.
Elle plissa les yeux à cause de la lumière brillante du soleil.
C1 adjective /rɪˈmiːdiəl/

Remedial

correctif; réparateur; curatif;
Meaning
intended as a remedy; corrective; providing a cure;
Example
The students need remedial classes to improve their math skills.
Les étudiants ont besoin de cours de rattrapage pour améliorer leurs compétences en mathématiques.
C1 adjective /ˈɡɔːri/

gory

sanglant
Meaning
involving or showing a lot of bloodshed and violence
Example
The movie was too gory for children.
Le film était trop sanglant pour les enfants.
C1 noun /ˈmɒdɪfaɪər/

modifier

modificateur
Meaning
a word or element that changes, limits, or describes the meaning of another word; something that alters or adjusts
Example
In the phrase 'very cold', 'very' is a modifier of 'cold'.
Dans l’expression « very cold », « very » est un modificateur de « cold ».
C1 adjective /ˈplʌk.i/

plucky

courageux
Meaning
having or showing courage and determination
Example
The plucky child rescued the kitten from the tree.
L'enfant courageux a sauvé le chaton de l'arbre.
C1 noun /læps/

Lapse

erreur temporaire; lapsus;
Meaning
a temporary failure of concentration, memory, or judgment; the termination of a right or privilege
Example
There was a brief lapse in security that allowed the intruder to enter the building.
Il y a eu une brève erreur de sécurité qui a permis à l'intrus d'entrer dans le bâtiment.
C1 verb /skɒf/

scoff

se moquer
Meaning
to speak about something in a mocking or dismissive way
Example
He scoffed at the idea of moving abroad.
Il s'est moqué de l'idée de déménager à l'étranger.
C1 noun /ɪˈlɛk.trəʊ.laɪts/

electrolytes

électrolytes
Meaning
Minerals in body fluids that carry an electric charge and are essential for many bodily functions.
Example
Electrolytes help maintain proper fluid balance in the body.
Les électrolytes aident à maintenir l'équilibre des fluides dans le corps.
C1 noun /ˈɪnstɪˌɡeɪtər/

instigator

instigateur
Meaning
A person who brings about or initiates something, usually something bad.
Example
The police identified him as the instigator of the violence.
La police l'a identifié comme l'instigateur de la violence.
C1 noun /slɪt/

Slit

fente
Meaning
a long narrow opening or cut
Example
There was a small slit in the fabric.
Il y avait une petite fente dans le tissu.
C1 adjective /əbˈdʒek.ʃən.ə.bəl/

Objectionable

objectionnable
Meaning
arousing distaste or opposition; unpleasant or offensive
Example
His objectionable behavior made everyone uncomfortable.
Son comportement objectionnable a rendu tout le monde mal à l'aise.
C1 adjective /ˈraɪ.tʃəs/

Righteous

vertueux; juste; moral
Meaning
morally right or justifiable; virtuous; having strong moral principles
Example
She felt righteous anger at the unfair treatment of workers.
Elle a ressenti une colère juste face au traitement injuste des travailleurs.
C1 noun /ˌdep.rɪˈveɪ.ʃən/

deprivation

privation, pénurie, manque
Meaning
The damaging lack of material benefits considered to be basic necessities in a society.
Example
Sleep deprivation affects cognitive function.
La privation de sommeil affecte la fonction cognitive.
C1 noun /kɑːɡ/

cog

dent de roue ou d'engrenage
Meaning
A tooth on the rim of a wheel or gear; metaphorically, a minor but necessary part of a larger system.
Example
He felt like just a small cog in a big machine.
Il se sentait comme un petit rouage dans une grande machine.
C1 adjective /ˌoʊvərˈbɛrɪŋ/

overbearing

autoritaire
Meaning
unpleasantly or arrogantly domineering
Example
His overbearing attitude made everyone uncomfortable.
Son attitude autoritaire a mis tout le monde mal à l'aise.
C1 noun /ˈʃær.ən fruːt/

Sharon fruit

fruit shéron
Meaning
a sweet orange persimmon fruit that can be eaten when firm
Example
The Sharon fruit is sweet and can be eaten like an apple.
le fruit shéron est sucré et peut être mangé comme une pomme.
C1 adjective /ˈkwɑː.drʊ.pəl/

Quadruple

quadruple
Meaning
four times as much or as many; consisting of four parts
Example
The company's profits have shown quadruple growth this year.
Les bénéfices de l'entreprise ont montré une croissance quadruple cette année.
C1 adjective /ˈmeʒ.ər.ə.bəl/

Measurable

mesurable; quantifiable
Meaning
able to be measured; quantifiable
Example
The project's success was measurable by increased sales.
Le succès du projet était mesurable par l'augmentation des ventes.
C1 noun /ˈfɔːrmən/

foreman

personne en charge d'un groupe de travailleurs, en particulier dans une usine ou sur un chantier
Meaning
a person in charge of a group of workers, especially in a factory or construction site
Example
The foreman supervised the workers on the construction site.
Le chef de chantier a supervisé les ouvriers sur le site de construction.
C1 verb, noun /sæp/

sap

sève / épuiser
Meaning
As a noun: the vital fluid in plants; As a verb: to gradually weaken or drain strength.
Example
The long journey began to sap his energy.
Le long voyage a commencé à épuiser son énergie.
C1 noun /ˌprɒpəˈɡeɪʃən/

propagation

propagation, diffusion
Meaning
The action of spreading and promoting an idea, theory, etc.
Example
The propagation of ideas through social media is rapid.
La propagation des idées à travers les réseaux sociaux est rapide.
C1 verb /ˌʌndərˈsteɪt/

understate

minimiser
Meaning
To describe something as being less important or serious than it really is.
Example
He tends to understate his achievements.
Il a tendance à minimiser ses réalisations.
C1 verb /fɔːrˈɡoʊ/

forego

renoncer
Meaning
to decide not to do or have something pleasant or valuable
Example
She decided to forego dessert to maintain her diet.
Elle a décidé de renoncer au dessert pour maintenir son régime.
C1 noun /blɜːrb/

blurb

description promotionnelle
Meaning
a short promotional description of a book, product, or service
Example
The back cover had a blurb praising the novel.
Le dos de couverture avait une description promotionnelle louant le roman.
C1 noun /ˈstɪklər/

stickler

personne exigeante sur les règles
Meaning
a person who insists on a certain quality or standard of behavior
Example
He is a stickler for punctuality and never tolerates delays.
Il est très strict sur la ponctualité et ne tolère pas les retards.
C1 verb /ɪˈkɒnəmaɪz/

economize

économiser
Meaning
To reduce spending or use resources carefully.
Example
Families are trying to economize by cutting unnecessary expenses.
Les familles essaient d'économiser en réduisant les dépenses inutiles.
C1 verb /ˈɛkˌsaɪz/

excise

exciser
Meaning
to cut out or remove completely, often by surgery
Example
The surgeon excised the tumor successfully.
Le chirurgien a excisé la tumeur avec succès.
C1 adjective /ˌfɪl.hɑːrˈmɒn.ɪk/

philharmonic

relatif à un orchestre symphonique
Meaning
relating to a symphony orchestra or its music
Example
The philharmonic orchestra performed a stunning rendition of Beethoven's Ninth Symphony.
L'orchestre philharmonique a réalisé une interprétation impressionnante de la Neuvième Symphonie de Beethoven.
C1 noun /aɪ/

aye

oui
Meaning
an affirmative vote or expression of agreement
Example
The committee voted aye on the proposal.
Le comité a voté oui pour la proposition.
C1 adjective /ˈkwɑː.rəl.səm/

Quarrelsome

querelleur; conflictuel; bagarreur
Meaning
given to arguing and fighting; argumentative and confrontational
Example
His quarrelsome nature makes it difficult to work with him.
Sa nature querelleuse rend difficile de travailler avec lui.
C1 adjective /ɪˈnɒkjuəs/

innocuous

inoffensif
Meaning
Not harmful or offensive.
Example
His remark was completely innocuous and not meant to offend anyone.
Son commentaire était totalement inoffensif et n'avait pas l'intention d'offenser qui que ce soit.
C1 noun /dɪsˈsɜːrvɪs/

disservice

dommage
Meaning
A harmful action; something that does damage rather than help.
Example
Spreading false information is a disservice to the community.
Diffuser de fausses informations est un dommage pour la communauté.
C1 noun kəˈmɑːnd ɪˈkɒn.ə.mi

command economy

économie commandée
Meaning
An economic system where economic activities are controlled by the government.
Example
In a command economy, the government controls production and prices.
Dans une économie commandée, le gouvernement contrôle la production et les prix.
C1 noun /ˈbjuːɡəl/

Bugle

bugle
Meaning
a brass musical instrument similar to a trumpet but without valves, used especially for military calls
Example
The soldier played the bugle to signal the start of the ceremony.
Le soldat a joué du bugle pour signaler le début de la cérémonie
C1 adjective /swɑːv/

suave

charmant et raffiné
Meaning
charming, confident, and elegant, often in a smooth or polished way
Example
He was a suave gentleman who impressed everyone at the party.
Il était un homme raffiné qui a impressionné tout le monde à la fête.
C1 adjective /ʌnˈtaɪmli/

Untimely

prématuré
Meaning
happening at an inappropriate or inconvenient time; premature
Example
His untimely death at the age of thirty shocked everyone.
Sa mort prématurée à l'âge de trente ans a choqué tout le monde.
C1 noun /ˈmjʊr.əl/

Mural

fresque murale
Meaning
a painting or artwork applied directly on a wall or ceiling
Example
The artist painted a beautiful mural on the school wall.
L'artiste a peint une magnifique fresque sur le mur de l'école.
C1 adjective /hɔːrs/

Hoarse

voix rauque ou cassée; avoir une voix rauque à force de crier ou de maladie
Meaning
rough or harsh in sound; having a rough voice from shouting or illness
Example
His voice became hoarse after shouting at the concert.
Sa voix est devenue rauque après avoir crié au concert.
C1 adjective /ˈwɪr.i.səm/

Wearisome

épuisant; ennuyeux et fatiguant
Meaning
causing tiredness; tedious; boring and exhausting
Example
The wearisome journey took twelve hours to complete.
Le voyage épuisant a duré douze heures.
C1 verb /ˈstoʊnwɔːl/

stonewall

entraver
Meaning
To delay or block progress by refusing to cooperate or answer
Example
The witness tried to stonewall during the investigation.
Le témoin a essayé de faire du stonewall lors de l'enquête.
C1 adjective /ˈpɔːrəs/

porous

poreux
Meaning
Having tiny holes that allow liquid or air to pass through.
Example
The soil is very porous and drains quickly.
Le sol est très poreux et draine rapidement.
C1 adverb /əˈlɜːrtli/

alertly

attentivement
Meaning
in a watchful, attentive, and quick-to-notice manner
Example
She listened alertly to every sound in the dark forest.
Elle écoutait attentivement chaque bruit dans la forêt sombre.
C1 noun /sɪr/

seer

voyant
Meaning
A person who is supposed to be able to see what will happen in the future; a prophet.
Example
The seer predicted a great change in the kingdom.
Le voyant a prédit un grand changement dans le royaume.
C1 noun /kwɑːm/

qualm

doute
Meaning
a feeling of doubt, worry, or fear about something
Example
She had no qualm about speaking her mind.
Elle n'a eu aucun doute en exprimant ce qu'elle pensait.
C1 noun /ˈsɪstərhʊd/

sisterhood

sororité
Meaning
The relationship between sisters, or a community of women united by shared experiences or goals.
Example
The feminist movement created a strong sense of sisterhood among women.
Le mouvement féministe a créé un fort sentiment de sororité parmi les femmes.
C1 noun kəˈrəʊ.ʒən

corrosion

corrosion
Meaning
The gradual destruction of materials by chemical or electrochemical reaction, especially of metals by oxidation.
Example
Corrosion in pipes leads to leakage.
La corrosion dans les tuyaux conduit à des fuites.
C1 verb /ɪmˈbɛd/

imbed

enfoncer
Meaning
To fix firmly or deeply in a surrounding mass.
Example
The journalist imbedded himself with the troops to report firsthand.
Le journaliste s'est enfoncé dans les troupes pour rapporter de première main.
C1 noun /rɪˈfɜːrər/

referrer

référent
Meaning
a person who directs someone to another person or service
Example
The referrer earned a bonus for recommending a new client.
Le référent a gagné un bonus pour avoir recommandé un nouveau client.
C1 noun ˈmæŋɡroʊv ˈfɒrɪst

Mangrove Forest

forêt de mangrove
Meaning
A coastal forest ecosystem characterized by salt-tolerant trees and shrubs that grow in intertidal zones.
Example
Sundarbans is the world's largest mangrove forest.
Les Sundarbans sont la plus grande forêt de mangrove du monde.
C1 noun /helm/

Helm

barre
Meaning
a tiller or wheel for steering a ship or boat; a position of leadership or control
Example
The experienced captain took the helm and expertly navigated the ship through the storm.
Le capitaine expérimenté a pris la barre et a navigué le navire à travers la tempête avec expertise.
C1 verb/noun /pərˈvɜːrt/

pervert

pervertir / personne pervertie
Meaning
As a verb: to distort the meaning or purpose of something; as a noun: a person with abnormal or immoral sexual behavior.
Example
He tried to pervert the truth to escape punishment.
Il a tenté de pervertir la vérité pour échapper à la punition.
C1 noun /ˈbæləd/

ballad

chanson narrative
Meaning
a narrative song or poem, often sentimental or romantic
Example
The singer performed a moving ballad about lost love.
Le chanteur a interprété une ballade émouvante sur l'amour perdu.
C1 verb trænˈsɛnd

transcend

transcender
Meaning
To go beyond the limits of something; to surpass or exceed
Example
His effort to transcend traditional methods was commendable.
Son effort pour transcender les méthodes traditionnelles était louable.
C1 adjective /ɒˈstɛnsəbl/

ostensible

apparente
Meaning
stated or appearing to be true, but not necessarily so
Example
His ostensible reason for leaving was illness, but many doubted it.
Sa raison apparente de partir était la maladie, mais beaucoup en doutaient.
C1 adjective /ˈsɜːrvɪsəbl/

serviceable

utilisable
Meaning
fit for use; usable; in working order
Example
The old bicycle is still serviceable despite its age.
Le vieux vélo est encore utilisable malgré son âge.
C1 noun /ˈrʌbəl/

rubble

débris
Meaning
Broken stone, bricks, or debris from a collapsed building or structure.
Example
The rescue team searched through the rubble after the earthquake.
L'équipe de sauvetage a cherché dans les débris après le tremblement de terre.
C1 verb /ˈɪnkjʊˌbeɪt/

incubate

incuber
Meaning
to keep eggs, cells, or organisms at the right conditions for development
Example
The hen will incubate the eggs until they hatch.
La poule incubera les œufs jusqu'à ce qu'ils éclosent.
C1 noun ˌdɪs.æmˌbɪɡ.juˈeɪ.ʃən

disambiguation

désambiguïsation
Meaning
The removal of ambiguity by making something clear and unambiguous.
Example
The AI system applies disambiguation to refine text understanding.
Le système IA applique la disambiguation pour affiner la compréhension du texte.
C1 noun /pɛnˈtæθlɒn/

pentathlon

pentathlon
Meaning
An athletic contest featuring five different events.
Example
She trained hard to compete in the modern pentathlon.
Elle s'est entraînée dur pour participer au pentathlon moderne.
C1 adjective /əˈniːmɪk/

anemic

anémique
Meaning
Suffering from anemia; lacking in vitality, strength, or color.
Example
The doctor prescribed iron supplements for her anemic condition.
Le médecin a prescrit des suppléments de fer pour sa condition anémique.
C1 verb /ˈlæmɪˌneɪt/

laminate

laminer
Meaning
to cover or enclose something with a protective layer, usually plastic
Example
She laminated her important documents to protect them from damage.
Elle a laminé ses documents importants pour les protéger des dommages.
C1 noun /ˈsʌn.stroʊk/

Sunstroke

coup de chaleur
Meaning
a serious condition caused by overheating from prolonged exposure to high temperatures
Example
The worker suffered from sunstroke after working outside all day.
Le travailleur a souffert d'un coup de chaleur après avoir travaillé dehors toute la journée.
C1 noun /ˈsɒl.ɪs/

Solace

réconfort
Meaning
comfort or consolation in a time of distress or sadness
Example
She found solace in music after her loss.
Elle a trouvé du réconfort dans la musique après sa perte.
C1 noun/verb /ɪˈstiːm/

esteem

estime
Meaning
Respect and admiration, typically for a person.
Example
She is held in high esteem by her colleagues.
Elle est très respectée par ses collègues.
C1 noun /ˈɒntʊrɑːʒ/

entourage

entourage
Meaning
A group of people attending or surrounding an important person.
Example
The celebrity arrived with her entourage of assistants and bodyguards.
La célébrité est arrivée avec son entourage d'assistants et de gardes du corps.
C1 verb /daʊs/

douse

éteindre / verser
Meaning
to pour liquid over; to extinguish a fire or light
Example
Firefighters doused the flames with water.
Les pompiers ont éteint les flammes avec de l'eau.
C1 noun /ˈlɪŋɡwɪst/

linguist

linguiste
Meaning
A person skilled in foreign languages or in the scientific study of language.
Example
She is a linguist who speaks six languages fluently.
Elle est une linguiste qui parle couramment six langues.
C1 verb /ˈnɛsəl/

nestle

se blottir
Meaning
to settle or lie comfortably within or against something
Example
The child nestled into her mother's arms.
L'enfant s'est blotti dans les bras de sa mère.
C1 noun ˈkætəlɪst

catalyst

catalyseur
Meaning
A person or thing that precipitates an event or change.
Example
His speech acted as a catalyst for change in the community.
Son discours a agi comme un catalyseur pour le changement dans la communauté.
C1 verb /ɡloʊt/

gloat

se réjouir
Meaning
To take pleasure in someone else's misfortune or to show smug satisfaction.
Example
He couldn't help but gloat over his rival's failure.
Il ne pouvait s'empêcher de se réjouir de l'échec de son rival.
C1 verb /rɪˈvɜːrbəreɪt/

reverberate

réverbérer
Meaning
To echo repeatedly or have continuing effects.
Example
The sound of the explosion reverberated through the valley.
Le son de l'explosion a réverbéré à travers la vallée.
C1 noun /ˌsʌpəˈzɪʃən/

supposition

supposition
Meaning
An assumption or belief that something is true without certain proof.
Example
His plan was based on the supposition that the market would recover quickly.
Son plan était basé sur la supposition que le marché se rétablirait rapidement.
C1 adverb /ˈrɪdʒɪdli/

Rigidly

rigidement; de manière inflexible
Meaning
in a strict, inflexible manner; without compromise
Example
The rules are rigidly enforced in this institution.
Les règles sont rigidement appliquées dans cette institution.
C1 adjective /vɜːrˈboʊs/

verbose

verbeux
Meaning
Using or expressed in more words than are needed; wordy.
Example
His verbose explanation confused the audience instead of clarifying the issue.
Son explication verbeuse a confondu le public au lieu d'éclaircir la question.
C1 noun ˈθɜː.məl stres

thermal stress

stress thermique
Meaning
Stress caused by excessive heat that affects plant growth and development.
Example
High thermal stress affects plant growth.
Le stress thermique affecte la croissance des plantes.
C1 noun /pəˈpaɪrəs/

papyrus

papyre
Meaning
An ancient writing material made from the pith of the papyrus plant; also refers to the plant itself.
Example
The ancient scroll was written on papyrus.
Le rouleau ancien a été écrit sur du papyrus.
C1 noun ˌlɪb.ərˈeɪ.ʃən

liberation

libération
Meaning
The action of setting someone free from imprisonment, slavery, or oppression; release.
Example
Liberation movements inspired many countries.
Les mouvements de libération ont inspiré de nombreux pays.
C1 noun /ˌsɑːrdʒənt ˈmeɪdʒər/

sergeant-major

sergent-major
Meaning
A senior non-commissioned officer in the army responsible for discipline and administration within a unit.
Example
The sergeant-major inspected the troops before the parade.
Le sergent-major a inspecté les troupes avant le défilé.
C1 noun /ˈræftər/

rafter

poutre
Meaning
One of the sloping beams that supports a roof.
Example
The old barn’s rafters were exposed.
Les poutres du vieux grenier étaient exposées.
C1 adjective /ˌʌnrɪˈkwaɪtɪd/

unrequited

non réciproque
Meaning
Not returned or reciprocated, especially in the context of love or affection.
Example
He suffered from unrequited love for years.
Il a souffert d'un amour non réciproque pendant des années.
C1 verb /ˌmɪsˌrɛprɪˈzɛnt/

misrepresent

falsifier
Meaning
to give a false or misleading account of something
Example
The lawyer accused the witness of trying to misrepresent the facts.
L'avocat a accusé le témoin d'avoir tenté de déformer les faits.
C1 adjective /ˈretʃɪd/

Wretched

misérable; déplorable; de mauvaise qualité
Meaning
very unhappy; miserable; of poor quality
Example
The refugees lived in wretched conditions.
Les réfugiés vivaient dans des conditions misérables.
C1 noun /ˈdʒɔːn.dɪs/

jaundice

ictère
Meaning
A medical condition in which the skin and eyes become yellow due to liver problems.
Example
The doctor diagnosed the baby with jaundice.
Le médecin a diagnostiqué le bébé avec de l'ictère.
C1 adjective /ˈskænti/

Scanty

petit en taille ou en quantité; insuffisant; à peine suffisant
Meaning
small in size or amount; insufficient; barely adequate
Example
The refugee camp had scanty food supplies.
Le camp de réfugiés avait des provisions alimentaires insuffisantes.
C1 noun /ˈsɔːl.tɪd fɪʃ/

Salted fish

poisson salé
Meaning
fish preserved with salt; dried and salted fish for storage
Example
Salted fish is a traditional way to preserve seafood.
Le poisson salé est une méthode traditionnelle pour conserver les fruits de mer.
C1 verb /bruːd/

brood

ruminer, groupe de petits oiseaux nouvellement nés
Meaning
to think deeply about something that makes one unhappy; also, a group of young birds hatched at the same time
Example
He sat alone, brooding over his failures.
Il s'assit seul, en train de ruminer sur ses échecs.
C1 noun /ˌdev.əˈtiː/

Devotee

dévote; adepte
Meaning
a person who is very interested in and enthusiastic about someone or something
Example
As a devotee of classical music, she attended every concert in the city.
En tant que dévote de la musique classique, elle assistait à chaque concert de la ville.
C1 verb /ɪnˈtɪmɪdeɪt/

intimidate

intimider
Meaning
To frighten or overawe someone, especially to make them do what one wants.
Example
The bully tried to intimidate the smaller kids.
Le harceleur a essayé d'intimider les enfants plus jeunes.
C1 noun /ˈprɛljuːd/

prelude

prélude
Meaning
An action, event, or statement that serves as an introduction to something more important.
Example
The small fight was only a prelude to a bigger conflict.
La petite bagarre n'était qu'un prélude à un plus grand conflit.
C1 adjective /sɪˈnɒnɪməs/

synonymous

synonyme
Meaning
having the same or nearly the same meaning; closely associated with something
Example
For many people, her name is synonymous with generosity.
Pour beaucoup de gens, son nom est synonyme de générosité.
C1 verb /dɪˈspɛns/

dispense

distribuer
Meaning
To distribute or provide something, especially in portions.
Example
The machine dispenses clean drinking water.
La machine distribue de l'eau potable propre.
C1 noun ˈæ.sɛt ˌæl.əˈkeɪ.ʃən

asset allocation

répartition des actifs
Meaning
An investment strategy that aims to balance risk and reward by apportioning a portfolio's assets according to an individual's goals, risk tolerance, and investment horizon.
Example
Proper asset allocation is key to financial growth.
Une répartition correcte des actifs est essentielle pour la croissance financière.
C1 noun /pɒmp/

pomp

pompe, splendeur
Meaning
ceremonial display or splendor; grandeur
Example
The graduation ceremony was full of pomp and circumstance.
La cérémonie de remise des diplômes était pleine de pompe et de splendeur.
C1 adjective /ˈkrɪm.zən/

Crimson

rouge intense
Meaning
a deep purplish-red color
Example
The crimson sunset painted the sky with beautiful shades.
Le coucher du soleil rouge intense a peint le ciel de belles nuances.
C1 verb /ˈɛm.jʊˌleɪt/

emulate

imiter
Meaning
to imitate someone or something with the intent to equal or surpass
Example
Young athletes often emulate their idols.
Les jeunes athlètes imitent souvent leurs idoles.
C1 noun /ˈfɔːrˌrʌnər/

forerunner

précurseur
Meaning
A person or thing that comes before another; a predecessor or harbinger.
Example
The Wright brothers were the forerunners of modern aviation.
Les frères Wright étaient les précurseurs de l'aviation moderne.
C1 adjective /ˌtɒpsi ˈtɜːvi/

topsy-turvy

désordonné
Meaning
in a state of confusion, disorder, or upside down
Example
The sudden announcement left the office in a topsy-turvy state.
L'annonce soudaine a laissé le bureau dans un état complètement désordonné.
C1 noun /ɪnˈædɪkwəsi/

inadequacy

insuffisance
Meaning
lack of sufficient ability, quality, or strength; a feeling of not being good enough
Example
She struggled with feelings of inadequacy at work despite her strong qualifications.
Elle luttait contre un sentiment d’insuffisance au travail malgré ses solides qualifications.
C1 noun /məˈdɜːrnəti/

modernity

modernité
Meaning
The quality or condition of being modern; up-to-date ideas, practices, or style.
Example
The city’s architecture reflects both tradition and modernity.
L'architecture de la ville reflète à la fois la tradition et la modernité.
C1 noun /ˈhɑː.mə.nɪm/

homonym

homonyme
Meaning
A word that is spelled and pronounced like another word but has a different meaning.
Example
The word 'bat' is a homonym because it can mean an animal or a sports tool.
Le mot 'chauve-souris' est un homonyme car il peut signifier un animal ou un outil de sport.
C1 verb /ˈrætɪfaɪ/

ratify

ratifier
Meaning
to approve or confirm something officially, usually by law or formal consent
Example
The government ratified the trade agreement.
Le gouvernement a ratifié l'accord commercial.
C1 noun /θiˈɒlədʒi/

theology

théologie
Meaning
The study of the nature of God and religious beliefs.
Example
She is pursuing a degree in theology at the university.
Elle poursuit un diplôme en théologie à l'université.
C1 verb /dɪˈfeɪm/

defame

diffamer
Meaning
to harm someone's reputation by spreading false information
Example
He was defamed by malicious rumors.
Il a été diffamé par des rumeurs malveillantes.
C1 verb /dɪsˈsætɪsfaɪ/

dissatisfy

décevoir
Meaning
to fail to please or meet expectations; to make someone unhappy
Example
The poor service dissatisfies many customers.
Le mauvais service déçoit de nombreux clients.
C1 adjective /aɪˈdɪlɪk/

idyllic

idyllique et magnifique
Meaning
Like an idyll; extremely happy, peaceful, or picturesque.
Example
They enjoyed an idyllic vacation by the sea.
Ils ont apprécié des vacances idylliques au bord de la mer.
C1 noun /ˈleθ.ər.dʒi/

Lethargy

léthargie; fatigue et inactivité
Meaning
a lack of energy and enthusiasm; tiredness and inactivity
Example
The hot weather caused a feeling of lethargy.
Le temps chaud a causé un sentiment de léthargie.
C1 verb /ˈtrɛspəs/

trespass

empiéter
Meaning
to enter someone's land or property without permission
Example
He was fined for trespassing on private land.
Il a été condamné à une amende pour avoir pénétré sur une propriété privée.
C1 noun /juːˈtoʊpiə/

utopia

utopie
Meaning
An imagined perfect society or place where everything is ideal.
Example
Many philosophers dreamed of creating a utopia for humanity.
De nombreux philosophes ont rêvé de créer une utopie pour l'humanité.
C1 noun /ˈderˌdevəl/

daredevil

courageux imprudent
Meaning
A person who enjoys doing dangerous or risky things.
Example
The stunt was performed by a famous daredevil.
L'acrobatie a été réalisée par un célèbre imprudent.
C1 noun /ˈoʊ.vər spɪl/

Over-spill

débordement
Meaning
the overflow of liquid from a container; excess that cannot be contained
Example
The overspill from the river flooded nearby farms.
Le débordement de la rivière a inondé les fermes voisines.
C1 noun /mɒnˈtɑːʒ/

montage

montage
Meaning
A sequence of film editing or a composite image made by combining several separate pictures.
Example
The film opened with a montage of city life.
Le film a commencé par un montage de la vie urbaine.
C1 noun /ˈspɔɪlˌspɔːrt/

spoilsport

rabat-joie
Meaning
A person who ruins other people's enjoyment or fun.
Example
Don't be a spoilsport and let us enjoy the party.
Ne sois pas un rabat-joie et laisse-nous profiter de la fête.
C1 adjective /dɪˈskriːt/

discrete

discret
Meaning
individually separate and distinct
Example
The course is divided into three discrete modules.
Le cours est divisé en trois modules discrets.
C1 adjective /ˈtɜːrbjələnt/

turbulent

turbulent
Meaning
Characterized by conflict, disorder, or confusion; not stable or calm.
Example
The country went through a turbulent period of political change.
Le pays a traversé une période turbulente de changement politique.
C1 noun /ˈɑːr.tər.i/

Artery

artère
Meaning
a blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart to other parts of the body
Example
The doctor checked the pulse in his artery.
Le médecin a vérifié le pouls dans son artère.
C1 adjective /daɪər/

Dire

grave; urgent; terrible
Meaning
extremely serious; urgent; terrible
Example
The country is facing a dire economic crisis.
Le pays fait face à une grave crise économique.
C1 adjective, adverb (informal, vulgar) /ˈfʌkɪŋ/

fucking

putain (mot vulgaire pour l'emphase)
Meaning
used for emphasis, often expressing anger or frustration (vulgar slang)
Example
It was a fucking disaster!
C'était un putain de désastre!
C1 noun /ˌsʌb.stɪˈtjuː.ʃən/

substitution

substitution
Meaning
the action of replacing someone or something with another
Example
The substitution of the old system with the new one was difficult.
La substitution de l'ancien système par le nouveau a été difficile.
C1 noun /ˈroʊz ˈwɔː.tər/

Rose-water

eau de rose
Meaning
a flavored water made by steeping rose petals in water, used in cooking and cosmetics
Example
She added a few drops of rose-water to the dessert.
Elle a ajouté quelques gouttes d'eau de rose au dessert.
C1 noun /əˈfen.dər/

Offender

délinquant; infractionniste de la loi
Meaning
a person who commits an illegal act; someone who breaks the law
Example
The young offender was sentenced to community service.
Le jeune délinquant a été condamné à des travaux d'intérêt général.