Vengeful
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C1 adjective /ˈvendʒ.fəl/

Vengeful

vengativo
Meaning
seeking to harm someone in return for a perceived injury; vindictive
Example
She felt vengeful after her friend betrayed her trust.
Ella se sintió vengativa después de que su amiga traicionó su confianza.
C1 verb /əˈflɪkt/

afflict

afligir
Meaning
to cause pain, suffering, or distress to someone or something
Example
Many people are afflicted by seasonal allergies.
Muchas personas están afligidas por alergias estacionales.
C1 adjective ɪɡˈzɛmpləri

exemplary

ejemplar
Meaning
Serving as a desirable model; representing the best of its kind.
Example
She was praised for her exemplary work ethic and dedication.
Fue elogiada por su ética de trabajo ejemplar y dedicación.
C1 adjective /ʌnˈmænɪdʒəbəl/

Unmanageable

incontrolable; fuera de control
Meaning
difficult or impossible to control or handle
Example
The large class became unmanageable without proper supervision.
La gran clase se volvió incontrolable sin una supervisión adecuada.
C1 noun /ɪnˈvɜːrʒən/

inversion

inversión
Meaning
A reversal of the normal order, position, or relationship.
Example
In poetry, inversion is often used to create emphasis.
En poesía, la inversión se usa a menudo para crear énfasis.
C1 verb /ˌoʊvərˈruːl/

overrule

anular
Meaning
to reject or disallow by exercising one's superior authority; to override a decision
Example
The judge overruled the objection from the defense attorney.
El juez anuló la objeción del abogado defensor.
C1 noun /ˈɡuːs.bʌmps/

goosebumps

piel de gallina
Meaning
small raised bumps on the skin caused by cold, fear, or excitement
Example
The horror movie gave me goosebumps.
La película de terror me dio piel de gallina.
C1 noun /ˈʃɪvəlri/

chivalry

caballerosidad
Meaning
The medieval knightly system with its moral, social, and religious code; courteous behavior, especially toward women.
Example
The knight lived by the code of chivalry.
El caballero vivía según el código de la caballería.
C1 adjective /ˌhɑːrdˈhɑːrtɪd/

hard-hearted

despiadado
Meaning
showing no kindness or sympathy; cruel
Example
The landlord was hard-hearted and refused to help the poor family.
El arrendador era muy duro de corazón y se negó a ayudar a la pobre familia.
C1 verb /dɪˈsweɪd/

dissuade

disuadir
Meaning
To persuade someone not to do something.
Example
She tried to dissuade him from quitting his job.
Ella intentó disuadirlo de dejar su trabajo.
C1 verb/noun /skaʊl/

scowl

fruncir el ceño
Meaning
To frown in an angry or bad-tempered way.
Example
She scowled when she heard the unfair remark.
Ella frunció el ceño cuando escuchó el comentario injusto.
C1 noun /kwoʊ/

quo

estado
Meaning
The existing state of affairs or situation, often used in the phrase 'status quo'.
Example
He wanted to maintain the status quo at work.
Quería mantener el estado actual en el trabajo.
C1 noun /ˈkɪŋ.fɪʃ.ər/

King-Fisher

martinete
Meaning
a small bird with bright blue and orange feathers that catches fish by diving into water
Example
The colorful kingfisher dove into the pond to catch a fish.
El colorido martinete se zambulló en el estanque para atrapar un pez.
C1 noun /ˈʌndərdɒɡ/

underdog

desvalido
Meaning
a competitor thought to have little chance of winning; a weaker party in a contest
Example
The underdog team surprised everyone by winning the championship.
El equipo desvalido sorprendió a todos al ganar el campeonato.
C1 noun ˌsteɪbəlaɪˈzeɪʃən

stabilization

estabilización
Meaning
The process of making or becoming stable.
Example
The stabilization of the structure was essential after the earthquake.
La estabilización de la estructura fue esencial después del terremoto.
C1 noun /rɪˈkɜr.əns/

Recurrence

recurrencia
Meaning
the fact of something happening again; an instance of something happening again
Example
The doctor was concerned about the recurrence of the patient's symptoms.
El doctor estaba preocupado por la recurrencia de los síntomas del paciente.
C1 noun /ˈtrævɪsti/

travesty

parodia
Meaning
A false, absurd, or distorted representation of something.
Example
The trial was a travesty of justice.
El juicio fue una parodia de la justicia.
C1 noun /pʌnˈdʒɑː.bi/

Punjabi

punyabi
Meaning
a traditional long shirt worn in South Asia, typically loose-fitting
Example
He wore a white punjabi for the festival celebration.
Él usó un punyabi blanco para la celebración del festival.
C1 verb /ɪnˈdaɪt/

indict

acusar
Meaning
to formally accuse someone of committing a serious crime
Example
The grand jury decided to indict the politician for corruption.
El gran jurado decidió acusar al político por corrupción.
C1 adjective /ɪmˈbrɔɪld/

embroiled

involucrado
Meaning
being deeply involved in a difficult situation, conflict, or scandal
Example
She found herself embroiled in a heated family dispute.
Se encontró a sí misma involucrada en una acalorada disputa familiar.
C1 verb /ˈfrɒlɪk/

frolic

jugar alegremente
Meaning
to play and move about cheerfully, energetically, or playfully
Example
The children frolicked in the garden all afternoon.
Los niños jugaron alegremente en el jardín toda la tarde.
C1 adjective /ˈkjʊərəbl/

curable

curable
Meaning
Able to be cured or healed.
Example
The doctor assured her that the disease was curable.
El doctor le aseguró que la enfermedad era curable.
C1 adjective /nɪˈɡoʊ.ʃi.ə.bəl/

negotiable

negociable
Meaning
Open to discussion or modification; capable of being bargained for.
Example
The salary offered is negotiable.
El salario ofrecido es negociable.
C1 adjective /səˈdʒɛstɪv/

suggestive

sugestivo
Meaning
tending to suggest ideas or images; sometimes implies something sexual or provocative
Example
The painting was highly suggestive and sparked much debate.
La pintura era muy sugestiva y provocó mucho debate.
C1 noun /ˈdʒet.i/

Jetty

muelle
Meaning
a landing stage or small pier at which boats can dock or be moored
Example
The fishing boats were tied up at the wooden jetty near the harbor.
Los barcos pesqueros estaban amarrados en el muelle de madera cerca del puerto.
C1 adjective /ɪˈnænɪmət/

inanimate

objeto inanimado
Meaning
not alive, especially not in the manner of animals and humans; lifeless
Example
The museum was full of inanimate objects from ancient times.
El museo estaba lleno de objetos inanimados de tiempos antiguos.
C1 noun /ˈpɛrəntɪdʒ/

parentage

linaje
Meaning
The identity and origins of one's parents; descent or lineage.
Example
Her noble parentage gave her access to the royal court.
Su noble linaje le dio acceso a la corte real.
C1 noun /ˈmuːdi.nəs/

moodiness

inestabilidad emocional
Meaning
The state of being frequently subject to changes in mood, especially irritability or sadness.
Example
Her moodiness made it difficult to predict how she would react.
Su inestabilidad emocional hacía difícil predecir cómo reaccionaría.
C1 adjective /kəˈləʊ.kwi.əl/

colloquial

coloquial
Meaning
Used in ordinary conversation rather than formal speech or writing; informal language.
Example
His colloquial expressions made the speech relatable.
Sus expresiones coloquiales hicieron que el discurso fuera más accesible.
C1 adjective /ˈsɒljʊbəl/

soluble

soluble
Meaning
able to be dissolved, especially in water
Example
Sugar is soluble in water.
El azúcar es soluble en agua.
C1 adjective /kəˈθɑːr.tɪk/

cathartic

catártico
Meaning
Providing psychological relief through the open expression of strong emotions.
Example
Writing about emotions can be a cathartic experience.
Escribir sobre las emociones puede ser una experiencia catártica.
C1 noun /hʌl/

hull

casco del barco / cáscara de semilla
Meaning
The outer covering of a seed or fruit; also the main body of a ship.
Example
The sailors inspected the ship’s hull for any damage.
Los marineros inspeccionaron el casco del barco para detectar daños.
C1 noun /ˈɪm.pæs/

impasse

impasse
Meaning
A situation where no progress is possible.
Example
The negotiations reached an impasse, delaying the agreement.
Las negociaciones llegaron a un impasse, retrasando el acuerdo.
C1 adjective /kræs/

crass

tosco, sin sensibilidad o refinamiento
Meaning
lacking sensitivity, refinement, or intelligence
Example
His crass remarks offended everyone at the meeting.
Sus comentarios groseros ofendieron a todos en la reunión.
C1 noun /dɪˈrɪʒən/

derision

desdén
Meaning
Contemptuous ridicule or mockery.
Example
His ideas were greeted with derision by the audience.
Sus ideas fueron recibidas con desdén por la audiencia.
C1 noun ˈpɛd.ə.ɡɒ.dʒi

pedagogy

pedagogía
Meaning
The method and practice of teaching, especially as an academic subject or theoretical concept.
Example
Modern pedagogy focuses on student-centered learning.
La pedagogía moderna se centra en el aprendizaje centrado en el estudiante.
C1 adjective ˈmer.ɪt beɪst

merit-based

basado en méritos
Meaning
Based on or determined by individual merit, ability, or achievement rather than other factors.
Example
Merit-based recruitment strengthens the workforce.
El reclutamiento basado en méritos fortalece la fuerza laboral.
C1 adjective /ɪˈnæmərd/

enamored

enamorado
Meaning
filled with love or admiration
Example
He became enamored with classical music after attending the concert.
Se enamoró de la música clásica después de asistir al concierto.
C1 noun /ˌræʃəˈnæl/

rationale

razón subyacente
Meaning
the underlying reason or explanation for something
Example
The rationale behind his decision was clearly explained.
La razón detrás de su decisión fue claramente explicada.
C1 noun /aɪˈdiː.ə.lɪ.zəm/

Idealism

Idealismo
Meaning
the pursuit of high principles and noble goals; unrealistic pursuit of perfection
Example
His youthful idealism motivated him to join various social justice movements.
Su idealismo juvenil lo motivó a unirse a varios movimientos de justicia social.
C1 adjective /kənˈdʒiːniəl/

congenial

amistoso
Meaning
pleasant and friendly because of having similar interests or qualities
Example
They found the café a congenial place to meet and talk.
Encontraron el café un lugar amistoso para reunirse y charlar.
C1 adjective /ˈkɒn.ɪ.fər.əs/

coniferous

relacionado con los árboles que producen conos
Meaning
Relating to cone-bearing trees that usually have needle-like leaves and remain green year-round.
Example
Pine trees are coniferous and grow in colder climates.
Los pinos son coníferos y crecen en climas más fríos.
C1 adverb /ˈhʌŋ.ɡrə.li/

Hungrily

con hambre; avariciosamente; con ansia
Meaning
in a way that shows hunger; greedily; eagerly
Example
The dog ate hungrily after not eating for hours.
El perro comió con hambre después de no haber comido durante horas.
C1 adjective /ˈtɪp.tɒp/

Tiptop

excelente; de primera calidad
Meaning
of the highest quality; excellent; in perfect condition
Example
The car is in tiptop condition.
El coche está en excelente estado.
C1 adjective /ˈmæn.əd/

mannered

afectado / artificial
Meaning
Having or showing a particular manner, especially an artificial or affected one.
Example
The actor’s performance was too mannered to feel natural.
La actuación del actor fue demasiado afectada para sentirse natural.
C1 verb /rɪˈvɪər/

revere

reverenciar
Meaning
To deeply respect or admire someone or something.
Example
The students revered their teacher for his wisdom.
Los estudiantes veneraron a su maestro por su sabiduría.
C1 noun /səˈrɛn.ɪ.ti/

serenity

serenidad
Meaning
The state of being calm, peaceful, and untroubled.
Example
Meditation helps in achieving inner serenity.
La meditación ayuda a alcanzar la serenidad interior.
C1 noun /ˈprɒvɪdəns/

providence

providencia divina
Meaning
the protective care of God or nature as a spiritual power; foresight or prudence
Example
They believed their survival was due to divine providence.
Creían que su supervivencia se debía a la providencia divina.
C1 adjective /ˈtɛsti/

testy

irritable
Meaning
Easily irritated or annoyed.
Example
He became testy when asked the same question repeatedly.
Se puso irritable cuando le hicieron la misma pregunta repetidamente.
C1 noun /ˈdʒʌŋk.tʃər/

Juncture

punto crítico
Meaning
a particular point in events or time; a critical moment when important decisions must be made
Example
At this juncture, we need to make a crucial decision about our future.
En este punto crítico, necesitamos tomar una decisión crucial sobre nuestro futuro.
C1 verb /ˈsɪvɪlaɪz/

civilize

civilizar
Meaning
to bring a society or group to a more developed, organized, or socially acceptable state; to educate and refine behavior
Example
Education can help civilize communities by promoting shared values and respect.
La educación puede ayudar a civilizar a las comunidades promoviendo valores compartidos y respeto.
C1 noun /ˌdɪs.kʌl.əˈreɪ.ʃən/

discoloration

decoloración
Meaning
The process of changing or losing color; fading.
Example
Sun exposure causes discoloration of fabrics.
La exposición al sol causa la decoloración de las telas.
C1 adjective /ˈdʒuː.bɪ.lənt/

jubilant

jubiloso
Meaning
feeling or expressing great happiness and joy
Example
The team was jubilant after winning the championship.
El equipo estaba jubiloso después de ganar el campeonato.
C1 noun /ˌdɪsəˈbiːdiəns/

disobedience

desobediencia
Meaning
failure or refusal to obey rules, laws, or authority
Example
The child's disobedience worried his parents.
La desobediencia del niño preocupó a sus padres.
C1 verb /ˈmæd.ən/

madden

enloquecer
Meaning
To make someone very angry or extremely annoyed.
Example
The constant noise maddened him.
El ruido constante lo enloqueció.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈdʌktɪv/

inductive

inductivo
Meaning
characterized by the inference of general laws from particular instances; reasoning from specific cases to general principles
Example
The scientist used inductive reasoning to form a hypothesis.
El científico usó razonamiento inductivo para formular una hipótesis.
C1 verb /ˈbæbəl/

babble

balbucear
Meaning
to talk rapidly and continuously in a foolish way
Example
The baby babbles all day long.
El bebé balbucea todo el día.
C1 verb /ɪnˈɡʌlf/

engulf

engullir
Meaning
to completely surround or cover something or someone
Example
The village was engulfed by floodwaters.
El pueblo fue engullido por las aguas del inundación.
C1 adjective /ˈflʌstərd/

flustered

desconcertado
Meaning
in a state of confusion or agitation
Example
She appeared flustered after being asked so many questions.
Ella parecía desconcertada después de tantas preguntas.
C1 noun /sɔɪl ˈmæn.ɪdʒ.mənt/

soil management

gestión del suelo
Meaning
The application of operations, practices, and treatments to protect soil and enhance its performance.
Example
Proper soil management improves long-term agricultural productivity.
La gestión adecuada del suelo mejora la productividad agrícola a largo plazo.
C1 noun /ˌæmplɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/

amplification

amplificación
Meaning
the act or process of making something stronger, louder, or more intense; an expansion or elaboration of details
Example
The microphone provides amplification of the speaker’s voice.
El micrófono proporciona amplificación de la voz del orador.
C1 verb /dɪˈpriːʃieɪt/

depreciate

depreciar
Meaning
to reduce in value over time
Example
Cars tend to depreciate quickly in their first few years.
Los coches tienden a depreciarse rápidamente en sus primeros años.
C1 adjective/verb /ˈbæntərɪŋ/

bantering

burlarse
Meaning
characterized by good-humored teasing or joking
Example
They had a bantering conversation at the café.
Tuvieron una conversación burlona en el café.
C1 noun /əˈfɪn.ɪ.ti/

affinity

afinidad
Meaning
A natural liking for or attraction to a person, thing, idea, etc.
Example
She has an affinity for classical music.
Ella tiene una afinidad por la música clásica.
C1 adjective /ˈkʌlpəbl̩/

culpable

culpable
Meaning
deserving blame or responsibility for a wrongdoing
Example
The judge found him culpable for the accident.
El juez lo consideró culpable del accidente.
C1 verb /ˌkaʊntərˈækt/

counteract

contrarrestar
Meaning
to act against something in order to reduce its effect
Example
The medicine helps counteract the side effects of the treatment.
El medicamento ayuda a contrarrestar los efectos secundarios del tratamiento.
C1 adjective /ˈnæv.ɪ.ɡə.bəl/

Navigable

navegable
Meaning
suitable for ships or boats to travel on; able to be navigated
Example
The river is navigable for small boats during the rainy season.
El río es navegable para pequeños botes durante la temporada de lluvias.
C1 verb /dɪˈteɪn/

detain

detener
Meaning
to keep someone from proceeding; to hold back, especially by official authority
Example
The police detained the suspect for questioning.
La policía detuvo al sospechoso para interrogarlo.
C1 noun, adjective, verb /ʃæm/

sham

farsa
Meaning
something that is not what it appears to be; a false or fake thing; to pretend
Example
The deal turned out to be a sham.
El trato resultó ser una farsa.
C1 adjective /ʌnˈfɛtərd/

unfettered

libre
Meaning
not restricted or confined; free
Example
The artist enjoyed unfettered freedom of expression.
El artista disfrutó de la libertad ilimitada de expresión.
C1 noun rɪˈdɛmpʃən

redemption

redención
Meaning
The action of saving or being saved from sin, error, or evil.
Example
The story highlights the theme of redemption.
La historia destaca el tema de la redención.
C1 noun /ˈnɑː.sɪ.sɪ.zəm/

narcissism

narcisismo
Meaning
Excessive interest in or admiration of oneself; extreme selfishness.
Example
His excessive narcissism made it difficult for him to empathize with others.
Su exceso de narcisismo le dificultaba empatizar con los demas.
C1 noun /dɪˈfɪʃ.ən.si/

Deficiency

deficiencia; falta; insuficiencia
Meaning
a lack or shortage of something; inadequacy or insufficiency
Example
The doctor diagnosed a vitamin D deficiency in the patient's blood test.
El doctor diagnosticó una deficiencia de vitamina D en la prueba de sangre del paciente.
C1 noun trænˈsɛndəns

transcendence

trascendencia
Meaning
Existence or experience beyond the normal or physical level.
Example
The artist's work was a symbol of transcendence in creativity.
El trabajo del artista era un símbolo de trascendencia en creatividad.
C1 noun /ænˈtɪθəsɪs/

antithesis

antítesis
Meaning
A person, thing, or idea that is the direct opposite of another; a rhetorical device contrasting opposing ideas in parallel structure.
Example
Love is the antithesis of hate.
El amor es la antítesis del odio.
C1 verb /ˌrɛzəˈrɛkt/

resurrect

resucitar
Meaning
To bring back to life or revive something from the past.
Example
The director decided to resurrect the old play for a new audience.
El director decidió resucitar la obra antigua para una nueva audiencia.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈstɪŋk.tɪv/

instinctive

instintivo, natural, automático
Meaning
Based on instinct; done without conscious thought; natural and automatic.
Example
His instinctive reaction saved his life.
Su reacción instintiva le salvó la vida.
C1 adjective /ˌhoʊlˈhɑːrtɪd/

wholehearted

de todo corazón
Meaning
showing complete sincerity and commitment; fully enthusiastic
Example
She gave her wholehearted support to the project.
Ella dio su apoyo de todo corazón al proyecto.
C1 verb /ˈɡɑː.nɪʃ/

garnish

adornar
Meaning
To decorate food with small items for added flavor or visual appeal.
Example
She garnished the dish with fresh coriander leaves.
Ella adornó el plato con hojas frescas de cilantro.
C1 noun /liˈeɪzɒn/

liaison

enlace
Meaning
communication or cooperation between people or groups for a smooth working relationship
Example
She works as a liaison between the company and its clients.
Ella trabaja como un enlace entre la empresa y sus clientes.
C1 verb /ˌɪn.tɚˈtwaɪn/

intertwine

conectar o vincular de cerca; torcer o combinar estrechamente
Meaning
To connect or link closely; to twist together or combine closely.
Example
Their lives became intertwined through years of friendship.
Sus vidas se entrelazaron a lo largo de años de amistad.
C1 noun əˈblɪv.i.ən

oblivion

olvido, destrucción, desaparición
Meaning
The state of being unaware or unconscious of what is happening; complete forgetfulness.
Example
His name faded into oblivion over time.
Su nombre se desvaneció en el olvido con el tiempo.
C1 noun ˌeə.rəʊ.daɪˈnæm.ɪks

aerodynamics

aerodinámica
Meaning
The study of the properties of moving air and the interaction between the air and solid bodies moving through it.
Example
The aerodynamics of an aircraft determines its speed and efficiency.
La aerodinámica de una aeronave determina su velocidad y eficiencia.
C1 noun /ˈfæm.ɪn/

Famine

hambruna
Meaning
extreme scarcity of food; a period when food is extremely scarce
Example
The severe drought led to widespread famine in the region.
La grave sequía provocó una hambruna generalizada en la región.
C1 adjective /rɪˈpjuː.t̬ɪd/

Reputed

reputado; famoso
Meaning
generally said or believed to be; having a particular reputation
Example
He is reputed to be one of the best doctors in the country.
Se le considera uno de los mejores médicos del país.
C1 noun /ˈliːʒən/

lesion

lesión
Meaning
An area of damage or abnormal change in the tissue of an organism, often caused by injury or disease.
Example
The doctor examined the skin lesion carefully.
El doctor examinó cuidadosamente la lesión en la piel.
C1 verb /ɪɡˈnaɪt/

ignite

encender
Meaning
To catch fire or cause to catch fire; to start or arouse.
Example
The sparks ignited the dry leaves in seconds.
Las chispas encendieron las hojas secas en segundos.
C1 noun /ˌdɪp.ləˈmæt.ɪk ˈmaɪl.stəʊn/

diplomatic milestone

hito diplomático
Meaning
A significant achievement or important event in diplomatic relations.
Example
Hosting the summit was a diplomatic milestone.
La organización de la cumbre fue un hito diplomático.
C1 noun /ˈded.lɑk/

Dead-lock

bloqueo; estancamiento
Meaning
a situation in which no progress is possible; complete standstill
Example
The negotiations reached a deadlock when neither side would compromise.
Las negociaciones llegaron a un bloqueo cuando ninguna de las partes estuvo dispuesta a ceder.
C1 verb /rɪˈklaɪn/

recline

recostarse
Meaning
To lean or lie back in a relaxed position.
Example
She reclined on the sofa with a book.
Ella se recostó en el sofá con un libro.
C1 noun /ˈɪrɪtənt/

irritant

sustancia irritante
Meaning
something that causes irritation or discomfort
Example
Dust is a common irritant for people with allergies.
El polvo es un irritante común para las personas con alergias.
C1 noun /ˈmjʊr.əl/

Mural

mural
Meaning
a painting or artwork applied directly on a wall or ceiling
Example
The artist painted a beautiful mural on the school wall.
El artista pintó un hermoso mural en la pared de la escuela.
C1 verb /ˈeɪ.li.ə.neɪt/

alienate

alienar
Meaning
To make someone feel isolated or estranged; to cause someone to become unfriendly.
Example
His rude behavior alienated many of his friends.
Su comportamiento grosero alienó a muchos de sus amigos.
C1 noun /ˌdʒæm.bəˈriː/

Jamboree

fiesta; reunión festiva;
Meaning
a large celebration or party; a gathering with entertainment; a festive event
Example
The scout jamboree brought together thousands of young people from around the world.
El jamboree scout reunió a miles de jóvenes de todo el mundo.
C1 noun /ˈlɔːsuːt/

lawsuit

demanda
Meaning
a legal case brought to a court of law by one person against another
Example
The company faced a lawsuit over false advertising.
La empresa enfrentó una demanda por publicidad falsa.
C1 adjective /ˈɛm.ɪ.nənt/

eminent

eminente
Meaning
Famous and respected within a particular sphere or profession.
Example
He is an eminent scientist known for groundbreaking research.
Él es un científico eminente conocido por su investigación innovadora.
C1 noun /stents/

stents

stents
Meaning
Small mesh tubes used to treat narrow or blocked arteries.
Example
Stents were successfully placed using robotic techniques.
Los stents fueron colocados con éxito utilizando técnicas robóticas.
C1 noun /ˈkælkjʊləs/

calculus

cálculo
Meaning
A branch of mathematics concerned with rates of change and accumulation; also a hard mineral deposit in the body such as on teeth.
Example
Calculus is essential for advanced studies in physics and engineering.
El cálculo es esencial para los estudios avanzados en física e ingeniería.
C1 noun /rentʃ/

Wrench

llave inglesa
Meaning
a tool used for gripping and turning nuts, bolts, or pipes
Example
He used a wrench to tighten the bolt.
Usó una llave inglesa para apretar el perno.
C1 verb /ˈstaɪmi/

stymie

obstruir
Meaning
to prevent or hinder the progress of something
Example
The new regulations could stymie small businesses.
Las nuevas regulaciones podrían obstaculizar a las pequeñas empresas.
C1 adjective /prɪˈtɛnʃəs/

pretentious

pretencioso
Meaning
Attempting to impress by affecting greater importance, talent, culture, etc., than is actually possessed.
Example
The restaurant was stylish but far too pretentious for my taste.
El restaurante era elegante, pero demasiado pretencioso para mi gusto.
C1 adjective /səbˈvɜːrsɪv/

subversive

subversivo
Meaning
seeking or intended to undermine or overthrow an established system or authority
Example
The group was banned for its subversive activities.
El grupo fue prohibido por sus actividades subversivas.
C1 noun /ˈhaɪ.drəʊˌpaʊər ˌdʒen.əˈreɪ.ʃən/

hydropower generation

generación hidroeléctrica
Meaning
The production of electrical power through the use of the gravitational force of falling or flowing water.
Example
Hydropower generation promotes green energy.
La generación hidroeléctrica promueve la energía verde.
C1 noun ɪˌməʊ.ʃəˈnæl.ɪ.ti

emotionality

emocionalidad
Meaning
The quality of being driven by emotions rather than reason; emotional responsiveness.
Example
His emotionality often influenced his decisions.
Su emocionalidad a menudo influía en sus decisiones.
C1 adjective /ˈswɛltərɪŋ/

sweltering

abrasador
Meaning
uncomfortably hot
Example
The sweltering heat made it hard to work.
El calor abrasador hizo que fuera difícil trabajar.
C1 adjective /ˌʌndərˈsteɪtɪd/

understated

subestimado
Meaning
Presented in a subtle and restrained way.
Example
She wore an elegant but understated dress.
Ella llevaba un vestido elegante pero subestimado.
C1 verb /ˈvɛnəˌreɪt/

venerate

venerar
Meaning
to regard with great respect; revere
Example
People venerate saints for their holiness.
La gente venera a los santos por su santidad.
C1 adjective ˈklaɪ.mət rɪˈzɪl.i.ənt

climate-resilient

resistente al clima
Meaning
Able to cope with the adverse effects of climate change; sustainable and adaptable.
Example
Climate-resilient crops can survive extreme weather conditions.
Los cultivos resistentes al clima pueden sobrevivir a condiciones meteorológicas extremas.
C1 adverb /əˈbrɛst/

abreast

lado a lado
Meaning
side by side and facing the same direction; informed about something
Example
The soldiers marched two abreast down the street.
Los soldados marcharon dos lado a lado por la calle.
C1 noun ˈrez.ɪ.djuː

residue

residuo
Meaning
A small amount of something that remains after the main part has gone or been removed.
Example
Soap residue affects appliance efficiency.
El residuo de jabón afecta la eficiencia de los aparatos.
C1 noun /bɑːrˈbeəriən/

Barbarian

bárbaro; salvaje;
Meaning
a person from an uncivilized group; someone who is cruel or brutal
Example
The ancient Romans considered anyone outside their empire to be barbarians.
Los antiguos romanos consideraban bárbaros a todos los que estaban fuera de su imperio.
C1 adjective /ʌnˈskeɪðd/

unscathed

ileso
Meaning
Without suffering any injury, damage, or harm.
Example
She escaped from the accident unscathed.
Ella escapó del accidente ilesa.
C1 adjective /ˌnɒn ɪɡˈzɪstənt/

non-existent

inexistente
Meaning
not real or not present; lacking existence
Example
The supposed evidence turned out to be non-existent.
La evidencia supuesta resultó ser inexistente.
C1 noun proʊˈæktɪv ˈseɪvɪŋ

proactive saving

ahorro proactivo
Meaning
Actively planning and setting aside money in advance to prepare for future financial needs
Example
Proactive saving ensures financial stability in old age.
El ahorro proactivo asegura la estabilidad financiera en la vejez.
C1 adverb /əˈfrɛʃ/

afresh

de nuevo
Meaning
From the beginning, in a new way.
Example
After the failure, they started the project afresh.
Después del fracaso, comenzaron el proyecto de nuevo.
C1 noun /haʊnd/

Hound

perro de caza
Meaning
a dog bred for hunting, typically having a keen sense of smell
Example
The bloodhound tracked the scent through the dense forest.
El bloodhound siguió el rastro a través del denso bosque.
C1 adjective /ˈkjuːmjələtɪv/

cumulative

cumulativo
Meaning
Increasing gradually by addition; growing in quantity, force, or effect.
Example
The cumulative effect of stress can harm your health.
El efecto acumulativo del estrés puede dañar tu salud.
C1 noun /ˈprɑːtɪstənt/

protestant

protestante
Meaning
a member of the Christian church that separated from the Roman Catholic Church during the Reformation
Example
Martin Luther was a key figure in the Protestant Reformation.
Martín Lutero fue una figura clave en la Reforma protestante.
C1 noun /ˈem.ɪ.nəns/

Eminence

fama; superioridad
Meaning
fame or recognized superiority; high rank or status
Example
The professor achieved eminence in the field of quantum physics.
El profesor alcanzó la fama en el campo de la física cuántica.
C1 noun /træns/

trance

trance
Meaning
a half-conscious state like dreaming, often with loss of awareness of surroundings
Example
She stared out of the window as if in a trance.
Ella miraba por la ventana como si estuviera en trance.
C1 adjective dɪsˈfʌŋkʃənl

dysfunctional

disfuncional
Meaning
Not operating normally or properly.
Example
The dysfunctional system led to numerous delays and errors.
El sistema disfuncional causó numerosos retrasos y errores.