venerated
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C1 adjective /ˈvɛnəˌreɪtɪd/

venerated

venerado
Meaning
respected and admired deeply
Example
The venerated professor was honored with an award.
El profesor venerado fue honrado con un premio.
C1 adjective /bɪˈleɪtɪd/

belated

tardío
Meaning
coming or happening later than expected or usual
Example
She sent me a belated birthday card.
Me envió una tarjeta de cumpleaños tardía.
C1 noun /haʊnd/

Hound

perro de caza
Meaning
a dog bred for hunting, typically having a keen sense of smell
Example
The bloodhound tracked the scent through the dense forest.
El bloodhound siguió el rastro a través del denso bosque.
C1 noun trænˈsɛndəns

transcendence

trascendencia
Meaning
Existence or experience beyond the normal or physical level.
Example
The artist's work was a symbol of transcendence in creativity.
El trabajo del artista era un símbolo de trascendencia en creatividad.
C1 adjective /əˈnæl.ə.ɡəs/

analogous

análogo
Meaning
Comparable in certain respects, typically in a way that makes clearer the nature of things being compared.
Example
The human brain is analogous to a supercomputer.
El cerebro humano es análogo a una supercomputadora.
C1 noun ˈɪn.fər.əns

inference

inferencia
Meaning
A conclusion reached on the basis of evidence and reasoning; logical deduction.
Example
Scientists make inferences based on experimental data.
Los científicos hacen inferencias basadas en datos experimentales.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈsɒlvənt/

insolvent

insolvente
Meaning
unable to pay debts owed
Example
The insolvent firm could not meet its financial obligations.
La empresa insolvente no pudo cumplir con sus obligaciones financieras.
C1 noun, verb /wɪf/

whiff

leve olor
Meaning
A brief, faint smell or puff of air; to get a quick smell of something.
Example
I caught a whiff of perfume as she passed by.
Sentí un leve olor a perfume mientras ella pasaba.
C1 verb /ˌriːəˈfɜːrm/

reaffirm

reafirmar
Meaning
To state again strongly; to confirm or strengthen a statement or belief.
Example
The president reaffirmed his commitment to education reform.
El presidente reafirmó su compromiso con la reforma educativa.
C1 adjective, noun /ɪnˈdɪkətɪv/

indicative

indicativo
Meaning
Serving as a sign or expression of something; in grammar, a mood used to make factual statements.
Example
His tone was indicative of his frustration.
Su tono era indicativo de su frustración.
C1 adjective /ˌeɪˈmɔːrəl/

amoral

amoral
Meaning
Lacking a moral sense; unconcerned with rightness or wrongness of something.
Example
The character in the novel was portrayed as completely amoral.
El personaje en la novela fue retratado como completamente amoral.
C1 noun /ɪnˈdʌstriəsnəs/

industriousness

diligencia
Meaning
The quality of being hardworking and diligent.
Example
His industriousness earned him a promotion at work.
Su diligencia le valió una promoción en el trabajo.
C1 verb /ˈædʒ.ɪ.teɪt/

agitate

agitar, provocar
Meaning
to stir up feelings or disturb; to campaign for change
Example
The protesters agitated for better working conditions.
Los manifestantes agitaron por mejores condiciones laborales.
C1 adjective /ˈɜːrθi/

earthy

terroso / simple
Meaning
resembling or suggestive of earth or soil; simple, natural, and sometimes coarse
Example
The dish had a rich, earthy flavor from the mushrooms.
El plato tenía un sabor rico y terroso proveniente de los champiñones.
C1 noun /nuːs/

Noose

lazo
Meaning
a loop with a running knot used for hanging; a trap or snare
Example
The cowboy made a noose to catch the wild horse.
El vaquero hizo un lazo para atrapar al caballo salvaje.
C1 noun /kwoʊ/

quo

estado
Meaning
The existing state of affairs or situation, often used in the phrase 'status quo'.
Example
He wanted to maintain the status quo at work.
Quería mantener el estado actual en el trabajo.
C1 noun /bʌm/

bum

trasero
Meaning
informal term for the buttocks; also a homeless or lazy person
Example
He sat on his bum all day doing nothing.
Estuvo sentado en su trasero todo el día sin hacer nada.
C1 noun /ˌmɑːr.kɪ.təˈbɪl.ə.ti/

marketability

comercialización
Meaning
The possibility of commercial success for a product or service
Example
The new product's marketability depends on consumer demand.
La comerciabilidad del nuevo producto depende de la demanda de los consumidores.
C1 noun flɛər

flair

habilidad natural
Meaning
A natural ability to do something well.
Example
She has a flair for design, always creating visually stunning work.
Ella tiene una habilidad especial para el diseño, siempre creando trabajos visualmente impresionantes.
C1 phrase lɪˈdʒɪt.ɪ.mət sɛlf dɪˈfens

legitimate self-defense

defensa legítima
Meaning
Lawful protection of oneself from harm or attack.
Example
The country claimed it was legitimate self-defense.
El país afirmó que era defensa legítima.
C1 noun /deɪˈtɑːnt/

detente

distensión
Meaning
the easing of hostility or strained relations, especially between countries
Example
The two nations worked toward detente after decades of conflict.
Las dos naciones trabajaron hacia la distensión después de décadas de conflicto.
C1 adjective, noun /ˈsɛlɪbət/

celibate

célibe; celibato
Meaning
abstaining from marriage and sexual relations; a person who does so
Example
He chose to remain celibate for religious reasons.
Eligió permanecer en celibato por motivos religiosos.
C1 adverb /ˈvaɪtəli/

vitally

vitalmente
Meaning
in an extremely important or essential way; in a manner relating to life or vitality
Example
Access to clean water is vitally important for public health.
El acceso al agua limpia es vitalmente importante para la salud pública.
C1 noun, verb /ˈliːvər/ or /ˈlɛvər/

lever

palanca, barra rígida
Meaning
a rigid bar used to move or lift heavy objects; to move something using leverage.
Example
He used a lever to lift the heavy stone.
Él usó una palanca para levantar la piedra pesada.
C1 adjective /ˈhɔː.ti/

Haughty

arrogante; altivo
Meaning
arrogantly superior and disdainful; showing excessive pride
Example
She gave him a haughty look and walked away.
Ella le dio una mirada arrogante y se alejó.
C1 verb /skwiːl/

squeal

chillar
Meaning
to make a high-pitched cry; to inform on someone
Example
The children squealed with delight when they saw the surprise.
Los niños chillaron de alegría cuando vieron la sorpresa.
C1 noun ˌsæn.ɪ.taɪˈzeɪ.ʃən

sanitization

sanitización
Meaning
The process of cleaning and disinfecting to eliminate germs and bacteria.
Example
Regular sanitization keeps appliances germ-free.
La sanitización regular mantiene los aparatos libres de gérmenes.
C1 noun kəˈmjunəl ˈhɑrməni

communal harmony

armonía comunal
Meaning
Peaceful coexistence and cooperation among different groups in a community.
Example
Maintaining communal harmony requires mutual respect and understanding.
Mantener la armonía comunal requiere respeto y comprensión mutuos.
C1 verb /fɔːrˈkloʊz/

foreclose

embargar
Meaning
to take possession of a property due to the owner's failure to keep up mortgage payments
Example
The bank decided to foreclose on the property after months of missed payments.
El banco decidió embargar la propiedad después de meses de pagos perdidos.
C1 adjective /ˈɡriːvəs/

grievous

grave
Meaning
Causing great pain, suffering, or sorrow.
Example
The accident was a grievous blow to the community.
El accidente fue un golpe grave para la comunidad.
C1 noun /ˈdʒet.i/

Jetty

muelle
Meaning
a landing stage or small pier at which boats can dock or be moored
Example
The fishing boats were tied up at the wooden jetty near the harbor.
Los barcos pesqueros estaban amarrados en el muelle de madera cerca del puerto.
C1 noun /prɪˈdɒmɪnəns/

predominance

preponderancia
Meaning
The state of being greater in number, strength, or importance.
Example
The predominance of online shopping has changed retail forever.
La preponderancia de las compras en línea ha cambiado el comercio minorista para siempre.
C1 adjective /prəˈhɪbɪtɪv/

prohibitive

prohibitivo
Meaning
Too high or expensive to be affordable; serving to prevent or discourage action.
Example
The cost of the medication is prohibitive for many families.
El costo de la medicación es prohibitivo para muchas familias.
C1 noun /ˌstætɪˈstɪʃən/

statistician

estadístico
Meaning
A person who specializes in collecting, analyzing, and interpreting numerical data.
Example
The statistician presented the survey results with great clarity.
El estadístico presentó los resultados de la encuesta con gran claridad.
C1 verb /dɪˈsɛnt/

dissent

disentir
Meaning
To hold or express opinions that are different from those officially accepted.
Example
Several members dissented from the majority decision.
Varios miembros disintieron de la decisión mayoritaria.
C1 noun/adjective /ˈbaɪ.ɡɒn/

bygone

pasado
Meaning
Something belonging to an earlier time; past and no longer existing.
Example
He often talks about the traditions of bygone days.
Él a menudo habla sobre las tradiciones de los días pasados.
C1 noun /ˌdev.əˈtiː/

Devotee

devoto; seguidor
Meaning
a person who is very interested in and enthusiastic about someone or something
Example
As a devotee of classical music, she attended every concert in the city.
Como devota de la música clásica, asistió a cada concierto en la ciudad.
C1 verb /kənˈstruː/

construe

interpretar
Meaning
to interpret or understand the meaning of something in a particular way
Example
His words could be construed as a threat.
Sus palabras podrían interpretarse como una amenaza.
C1 verb /sərˈpæs/

surpass

superar
Meaning
to exceed or go beyond
Example
Her performance surpassed all expectations.
Su rendimiento superó todas las expectativas.
C1 noun /ˈtraɪ.pɒd/

tripod

trípode
Meaning
A three-legged stand used to support a camera, telescope, or other object.
Example
The photographer set up his camera on a tripod.
El fotógrafo colocó su cámara en un trípode.
C1 verb (past) /ˈmɛrɪtɪd/

merited

merecido
Meaning
Deserved or earned something.
Example
Her dedication merited recognition from the community.
Su dedicación mereció el reconocimiento de la comunidad.
C1 noun /ˌkɒrəˈneɪʃən/

coronation

coronación
Meaning
the act or ceremony of crowning a sovereign or monarch
Example
The coronation of the new king was attended by thousands of people.
La coronación del nuevo rey fue presenciada por miles de personas.
C1 noun /ˈwɪmzi/

whimsy

capricho
Meaning
playful or fanciful behavior or humor
Example
Her stories were full of whimsy and imagination.
Sus historias estaban llenas de capricho e imaginación.
C1 noun /rɪˈpɛərə/

repairer

reparador
Meaning
a person whose job is to fix damaged or broken things
Example
The repairer fixed the broken washing machine quickly.
El reparador arregló la lavadora rota rápidamente.
C1 adjective ˌsʌbˈlɪm.ɪ.nəl

subliminal

existente o que opera por debajo del umbral de conciencia, percibido o que afecta la mente de alguien sin que lo sepa
Meaning
Existing or operating below the threshold of consciousness; perceived by or affecting someone's mind without their being aware of it.
Example
Advertisements often have subliminal messages.
Los anuncios a menudo contienen mensajes subliminales.
C1 adjective ɔːˈspɪʃ.əs

auspicious

auspicioso
Meaning
Favorable or bringing good luck and success
Example
The wedding was held on an auspicious day.
La boda se celebró en un día auspicioso.
C1 noun /ˈfɔːrˌbɛər/

forebear

antepasado
Meaning
An ancestor, especially one who lived a long time ago.
Example
He often speaks of his forebears with great respect.
Él habla a menudo de sus antepasados con mucho respeto.
C1 noun /ˌpɜːrmjuˈteɪʃən/

permutation

permutación
Meaning
An arrangement or reordering of elements, often in mathematics or logic.
Example
The puzzle can be solved by trying all possible permutations of the tiles.
El rompecabezas se puede resolver probando todas las permutaciones posibles de las piezas.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈæk.tɪv/

Inactive

inactivo
Meaning
not active; not working; dormant; idle
Example
The volcano has been inactive for over a century.
El volcán ha estado inactivo durante más de un siglo.
C1 noun /ɪɡˈzɜːr.ʃən/

exertion

esfuerzo físico o mental
Meaning
Using energy or effort to achieve something.
Example
Excessive exertion can lead to fatigue and burnout.
El exceso de exertión puede llevar a la fatiga y al agotamiento.
C1 adjective /ˈblʌdləs/

bloodless

sin sangre
Meaning
without bloodshed; lacking violence or vitality
Example
The revolution was surprisingly bloodless.
La revolución fue sorprendentemente sin sangre.
C1 verb /eɪl/

ail

padecer una enfermedad
Meaning
to be ill or suffer from a physical or mental problem; to trouble or afflict
Example
She has been ailing since last winter.
Ella ha estado enferma desde el invierno pasado.
C1 noun lɪˈkwɪd.ə.ti

liquidity

liquidez
Meaning
The availability of liquid assets to a market or company; the ability to convert assets into cash quickly.
Example
Maintaining liquidity is crucial for financial stability.
Mantener la liquidez es crucial para la estabilidad financiera.
C1 adjective /ˈsɜːrvaɪl/ or /ˈsɜːrvəl/

servile

servil
Meaning
having or showing an excessive willingness to serve or please others
Example
His servile attitude annoyed his colleagues.
Su actitud servil molestaba a sus compañeros.
C1 noun /ˌpænəˈsiːə/

panacea

panacea
Meaning
A solution or remedy for all difficulties or diseases.
Example
Education is often seen as a panacea for social problems.
La educación a menudo se considera una panacea para los problemas sociales.
C1 adjective ˈriːdʒən spəˈsɪfɪk

region-specific

específico de la región
Meaning
Relating to or characteristic of a particular region or area.
Example
Climate change impacts are region-specific.
Los impactos del cambio climático son específicos de la región.
C1 noun /ˈbænɪstər/

banister

barandal
Meaning
a railing supported by posts at the side of a staircase or balcony
Example
She held the banister tightly while going down the stairs.
Ella sujetó el barandal con fuerza mientras bajaba las escaleras.
C1 noun /ˈpædʒənt/

pageant

certamen de belleza
Meaning
A public entertainment consisting of a procession of people in elaborate costumes, or a beauty contest.
Example
She won first place in the beauty pageant.
Ella ganó el primer lugar en el certamen de belleza
C1 adjective /ˈsiː.di/

Seedy

lleno de semillas; sucio y despreciable; en mal estado
Meaning
squalid and disreputable; shabby and run-down; full of seeds
Example
They avoided walking through the seedy part of town at night.
Ellos evitaban caminar por la parte sucia y despreciable de la ciudad por la noche.
C1 noun /rəʊˈbɒt.ɪk ˈsɜː.dʒər.i/

robotic surgery

cirugía robótica
Meaning
Surgery performed with the assistance of robotic systems to enhance precision and reduce invasiveness.
Example
Robotic surgery enhances precision in complex procedures.
La cirugía robótica mejora la precisión en procedimientos complejos.
C1 noun /ˈpɜːʃən/

Persian

persona nacida en Irán o que habla persa
Meaning
a native or inhabitant of Iran; the language spoken in Iran (Farsi)
Example
The Persian language has a rich literary history.
El idioma persa tiene una rica historia literaria.
C1 verb, noun /lɜːrtʃ/

lurch

tambalear, dar un brusco movimiento
Meaning
to make an abrupt, unsteady, or uncontrolled movement; a sudden movement or stagger
Example
The bus lurched forward as the driver hit the brakes.
El autobús se tambaleó hacia adelante cuando el conductor presionó los frenos.
C1 adjective /ˈrɛtroʊˌɡreɪd/

retrograde

retrógrado
Meaning
moving backward or returning to a worse condition
Example
The policy was seen as a retrograde step for human rights.
Se consideró que la política era un paso retrógrado para los derechos humanos.
C1 noun/verb /ˈkætəpʌlt/

catapult

catapulta / dispositivo para lanzar
Meaning
A device for launching objects at high speed; to hurl or launch something suddenly.
Example
The invention catapulted him to international fame.
La invención lo catapultó a la fama internacional.
C1 noun /brɛdθ/

breadth

anchura
Meaning
The distance or measurement from side to side; width; a wide range.
Example
The breadth of his knowledge impressed everyone.
La anchura de su conocimiento impresionó a todos.
C1 noun /rɑk sɔlt/

Rock Salt

sal de roca
Meaning
natural salt crystals formed from evaporated ancient seas; unrefined salt
Example
Rock salt is considered healthier than table salt.
La sal de roca se considera más saludable que la sal de mesa.
C1 noun /ˌænɛkˈseɪʃən/

annexation

anexión
Meaning
the act of adding or taking control of territory or property, especially by a state
Example
The annexation of the region led to international condemnation.
La anexión de la región provocó condena internacional.
C1 noun /koʊˈhɪr.əns/

coherence

coherencia
Meaning
The quality of being logical and consistent; forming a unified whole.
Example
The essay lacked coherence, making it hard to follow.
El ensayo carecía de coherencia, lo que dificultaba su seguimiento.
C1 noun /ˈblɪs.tər/

Blister

ampolla
Meaning
a small bubble on the skin filled with serum and caused by friction, burning, or other damage
Example
The new shoes gave her a painful blister on her heel.
Los nuevos zapatos le dieron una dolorosa ampolla en el talón.
C1 noun /prɪˈrɒɡətɪv/

prerogative

prerrogativa
Meaning
a special right or privilege exclusive to a particular person or group
Example
It is the manager’s prerogative to make the final decision.
Es prerrogativa del gerente tomar la decisión final.
C1 noun ˌfræɡ.mənˈteɪ.ʃən

fragmentation

fragmentación
Meaning
The process or state of breaking or being broken into fragments.
Example
Habitat fragmentation threatens many species.
La fragmentación del hábitat amenaza a muchas especies.
C1 noun /ˈtɛnər/

tenor

tenor / tono general
Meaning
the general meaning, drift, or character of something; a male singing voice between baritone and alto
Example
The overall tenor of his speech was hopeful and reassuring.
El tenor general de su discurso era esperanzador y tranquilizador.
C1 noun /ˈprɒvənəns/

provenance

origen
Meaning
The origin or source of something.
Example
The museum verified the provenance of the ancient manuscript.
El museo verificó el origen del antiguo manuscrito.
C1 noun /ˈrəʊ.bɒt əˈsɪs.tɪd prəˈsiː.dʒərz/

robot-assisted procedures

procedimientos asistidos por robot
Meaning
Medical operations performed with the help of robotic systems to enhance precision and control.
Example
Robot-assisted procedures reduce human error.
Los procedimientos asistidos por robot reducen el error humano.
C1 adjective /ˈɔː.də.bəl/

Audible

audible
Meaning
able to be heard; loud enough to hear
Example
The speaker's voice was barely audible from the back of the large hall.
La voz del orador apenas era audible desde el fondo del gran salón.
C1 noun /ˌmʌltɪˈplɪsɪti/

multiplicity

multiplicidad
Meaning
A large number or variety of something.
Example
The project faced a multiplicity of challenges.
El proyecto enfrentó una multiplicidad de desafíos.
C1 verb /dɪˈpliːt/

deplete

agotar
Meaning
to reduce the quantity or supply of something
Example
The long war has depleted the country's resources.
La larga guerra ha agotado los recursos del país.
C1 noun /ˌsæbəˈtɜːr/

saboteur

saboteador
Meaning
A person who engages in sabotage.
Example
The saboteur was arrested before he could plant the bomb.
El saboteador fue arrestado antes de poder plantar la bomba.
C1 adjective /ˌʌndərˈhændɪd/

underhanded

deshonesto
Meaning
acting or done in a dishonest or secret way
Example
They exposed the company's underhanded dealings with its suppliers.
Ellos expusieron los tratos deshonestos de la empresa con sus proveedores.
C1 verb /dɪˈnəʊt/

denote

denotar
Meaning
To be a sign of; to indicate or mean something.
Example
A red flag denotes danger.
Una bandera roja denota peligro.
C1 verb /weɪn/

wane

decrecer
Meaning
To decrease gradually in power, intensity, or size.
Example
The moon wanes after the full moon night.
La luna decrece después de la noche de luna llena.
C1 noun /ˈkænən/

canon

cánon
Meaning
A general law, rule, principle, or collection of sacred books accepted as genuine.
Example
The book is now considered part of the literary canon.
El libro ahora se considera parte del canon literario.
C1 noun /ˈzeɪni/

Zany

alocado, persona cómica; juguetón
Meaning
amusingly unconventional and idiosyncratic; a comical person; foolishly playful
Example
He has a zany sense of humor that makes everyone laugh.
Él tiene un sentido del humor alocado que hace reír a todos.
C1 verb /ˈrɛplɪkeɪt/

replicate

replicar
Meaning
to copy, reproduce, or duplicate something exactly
Example
The scientist tried to replicate the experiment for accuracy.
El científico intentó replicar el experimento para mayor precisión.
C1 adjective /ˌnɒnˈvɜː.bəl/

non-verbal

No implica ni usa palabras o discurso; comunicado a través de gestos, lenguaje corporal o expresiones faciales.
Meaning
Not involving or using words or speech; communicated through gestures, body language, or facial expressions.
Example
Non-verbal cues are just as important as words.
Las señales no verbales son tan importantes como las palabras.
C1 verb /ˈplʌm.ɪt/

plummet

caer verticalmente a alta velocidad
Meaning
to fall straight down at high speed
Example
Stock prices plummeted after the sudden market crash.
Los precios de las acciones cayeron repentinamente después del colapso del mercado.
C1 adjective /ˈpɑːr.dən.ə.bəl/

Pardonable

perdonable
Meaning
able to be forgiven; excusable
Example
His mistake was pardonable given the difficult circumstances.
Su error era perdonable dadas las difíciles circunstancias.
C1 adjective /ʌnˈsəʊʃəl/

unsocial

antisocial
Meaning
not enjoying the company of others; avoiding social interaction; contrary to social norms
Example
He prefers unsocial hours so he can work alone without interruptions.
Prefiere horarios antisociales para trabajar solo.
C1 noun /sɪˈnɒpsɪs/

synopsis

sinopsis
Meaning
a brief summary of the main points of a text, film, or research
Example
The publisher asked the author to submit a one-page synopsis of the novel.
El editor le pidió al autor que enviara una sinopsis de una página de la novela.
C1 adjective /ˈswoʊlən/

swollen

hinchado
Meaning
Enlarged or puffed up, usually due to injury, inflammation, or fluid accumulation
Example
Her ankle was swollen after she twisted it during the hike.
Su tobillo estaba hinchado después de torcerlo durante la caminata.
C1 adjective /rɪˈvoʊltɪŋ/

revolting

repugnante
Meaning
extremely unpleasant or disgusting
Example
The smell of the garbage was revolting.
El olor de la basura era repugnante.
C1 verb /ɪmˈpiːd/

impede

impedir
Meaning
To obstruct or hinder the progress or development of something.
Example
Lack of funds can impede business growth.
La falta de fondos puede impedir el crecimiento empresarial.
C1 adjective /ˌʌnɪˈkwɪvəkəl/

unequivocal

inequívoco
Meaning
Leaving no doubt; clear and unambiguous
Example
She gave an unequivocal answer to the question.
Ella dio una respuesta inequívoca a la pregunta.
C1 adjective /ræpt/

Rapt

absorto
Meaning
completely fascinated or absorbed by what one is seeing or hearing
Example
The children listened with rapt attention to the storyteller.
Los niños escucharon con atención absorta al cuentacuentos.
C1 verb /snʌb/

snub

despreciar
Meaning
to insult or ignore someone by treating them rudely
Example
He felt hurt when his invitation was snubbed.
Él se sintió herido cuando su invitación fue despreciada.
C1 noun /ˌɪntərˌɒpərəˈbɪləti/

interoperability

interoperabilidad
Meaning
The ability of computer systems or software to exchange and make use of information.
Example
The interoperability of different software systems ensures seamless workflow.
La interoperabilidad de diferentes sistemas de software asegura un flujo de trabajo continuo.
C1 noun /ɡaɪz/

guise

disfraz
Meaning
An external form, appearance, or manner of presentation, often hiding the true nature
Example
He approached in the guise of a friend.
Se acercó con el disfraz de amigo.
C1 noun /kənˈveɪəns/

conveyance

transporte
Meaning
The action or process of transporting or carrying someone or something from one place to another.
Example
The conveyance of goods was delayed due to bad weather.
El transporte de mercancías se retrasó debido al mal tiempo.
C1 verb /ˈkɒnsɪkreɪt/

consecrate

consagrar
Meaning
to make something sacred, usually through a religious ceremony
Example
The church was consecrated by the bishop.
La iglesia fue consagrada por el obispo.
C1 noun/verb /rɪˈproʊtʃ/

reproach

reproche / crítica
Meaning
An expression of disapproval or disappointment; to criticize someone for doing wrong.
Example
She reproached him for arriving late to the meeting.
Ella le reprochó por llegar tarde a la reunión.
C1 noun /ˈkæptər/

captor

captor
Meaning
a person or group who has captured someone or something
Example
The hostage managed to escape from his captors.
El rehén logró escapar de sus captores.
C1 verb /dɪˈzɪst/

desist

desistir
Meaning
to stop doing something, especially an action considered wrong or undesirable
Example
The judge ordered the company to desist from unfair practices.
El juez ordenó a la empresa que desistiera de prácticas injustas.
C1 noun /diːˌtɒksɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/

detoxification

desintoxicación
Meaning
The process of removing toxic substances from a living organism.
Example
Detoxification helps to cleanse the body of harmful substances.
La detoxificación ayuda a limpiar el cuerpo de sustancias dañinas.
C1 noun ˈrəʊvə

rover

rover
Meaning
A vehicle for driving over rough terrain, especially one driven by remote control over extraterrestrial terrain.
Example
The rover landed on Mars to begin its exploration.
El rover aterrizó en Marte para comenzar su exploración.
C1 adjective /ˌɪndɪˈstrʌktəbl/

indestructible

indestructible
Meaning
Impossible to destroy or break.
Example
The superhero's shield was said to be indestructible.
Se dijo que el escudo del superhéroe era indestructible.
C1 noun /mɪˈlɪʃə/

militia

milicia
Meaning
a group of ordinary people who are trained to act as soldiers in emergencies
Example
The village formed a militia to defend against attacks.
El pueblo formó una milicia para defenderse de los ataques.
C1 noun /ˈkɒl.ə.bəʊn/

Collar-bone

clavícula
Meaning
either of the pair of bones joining the breastbone to the shoulder blades; clavicle
Example
He broke his collar-bone in the accident.
Se rompió la clavícula en el accidente.
C1 verb /ˈsmʌðər/

smother

sofocar / asfixiar
Meaning
to kill someone by covering their nose and mouth to prevent breathing; to cover something completely; to overwhelm with excessive attention or affection
Example
She smothered the fire with a blanket.
Ella sofocó el fuego con una manta.
C1 noun ˌmɛməraɪˈzeɪʃən

memorization

memorización
Meaning
The process of learning or committing something to memory
Example
Memorization of important information is crucial for exams.
La memorización de información importante es crucial para los exámenes.
C1 noun /ˈpæl.ət/

Palate

paladar; capacidad para distinguir sabores
Meaning
the roof of the mouth; a person's ability to distinguish between different flavors
Example
The chef created dishes to please every palate.
El chef creó platos para complacer todos los paladares.
C1 adjective /məˈnæstɪk/

monastic

monástico
Meaning
Relating to monks, monasteries, or a life of religious seclusion.
Example
He chose to live a monastic life away from the city.
Eligió vivir una vida monástica lejos de la ciudad.
C1 verb /dɪsˈpærɪdʒ/

disparage

despreciar
Meaning
to criticize someone or something in a way that shows a lack of respect
Example
It is unfair to disparage people for their opinions.
Es injusto despreciar a las personas por sus opiniones.
C1 noun /ˈsɪstərhʊd/

sisterhood

hermandad
Meaning
The relationship between sisters, or a community of women united by shared experiences or goals.
Example
The feminist movement created a strong sense of sisterhood among women.
El movimiento feminista creó un fuerte sentido de hermandad entre las mujeres.
C1 noun ˈdɪl.ɪ.dʒəns

diligence

diligencia
Meaning
Careful and persistent work or effort.
Example
Success requires patience and diligence.
El éxito requiere paciencia y diligencia.
C1 noun /ɑːrˈmɑːdə/

armada

flota de guerra
Meaning
A large fleet of warships.
Example
The Spanish Armada sailed against England in 1588.
La Armada Española navegó contra Inglaterra en 1588.
C1 noun /pɪˈtaɪə/

Pitaya / Dragon fruit

fruta del dragón
Meaning
a tropical fruit with bright pink or red skin and white flesh speckled with black seeds
Example
The pitaya has a mild, sweet flavor and a unique appearance.
La pitaya tiene un sabor suave y dulce y una apariencia única.
C1 verb /ˌoʊvərˈruːl/

overrule

anular
Meaning
to reject or disallow by exercising one's superior authority; to override a decision
Example
The judge overruled the objection from the defense attorney.
El juez anuló la objeción del abogado defensor.
C1 verb /ˈslɪðər/

slither

deslizarse
Meaning
to move smoothly over a surface with a twisting, sliding motion, like a snake
Example
The snake slithered through the grass.
La serpiente se deslizó a través de la hierba.
C1 verb /pərˈteɪn/

pertain

relacionarse
Meaning
to relate or have reference to something
Example
The rules pertain to all students in the school.
Las reglas se aplican a todos los estudiantes en la escuela.
C1 adjective /prəˈfjuːs/

profuse

profuso
Meaning
existing or given in large amounts; abundant
Example
He offered profuse thanks for their timely help.
Él ofreció abundantes gracias por su ayuda oportuna.
C1 adverb /əˈlɒft/

aloft

en el aire
Meaning
Up in or into the air; overhead.
Example
The kite was flying aloft in the clear sky.
La cometa volaba alto en el cielo claro.