venerate
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C1 verb /ˈvɛnəˌreɪt/

venerate

venerar
Meaning
to regard with great respect; revere
Example
People venerate saints for their holiness.
La gente venera a los santos por su santidad.
C1 noun /twɪt/

Twit

tonto; burlarse
Meaning
a silly or foolish person; to tease or make fun of someone
Example
Don't be such a twit and listen carefully.
No seas tan tonto y escucha cuidadosamente.
C1 noun, adjective /ˈpɑːrtɪzən/

partisan

partidario
Meaning
A strong supporter of a party, cause, or person; showing biased allegiance.
Example
The debate quickly turned partisan, with each side defending their own agenda.
El debate rápidamente se volvió partidista, con cada lado defendiendo su propia agenda.
C1 noun /ˈkɒndjuɪt/ or /ˈkɑːnduɪt/

conduit

conducto / medio
Meaning
a channel or pipe for conveying water, electricity, or information
Example
The cable was placed inside a protective conduit.
El cable fue colocado dentro de un conducto protector.
C1 verb /ˈlɔːndər/

launder

lavar ropa / ocultar el origen del dinero obtenido ilegalmente
Meaning
to wash clothes, linens, etc.; or to conceal the origins of money obtained illegally
Example
She laundered all the dirty clothes on Sunday.
Ella lavó toda la ropa sucia el domingo.
C1 noun /ˈpɪt.fɔːl/

pitfall

trampa, dificultad
Meaning
a hidden or unexpected danger or difficulty
Example
Investors must be aware of the pitfalls of the market.
Los inversionistas deben estar al tanto de las trampas del mercado.
C1 adjective /ˈrɛzənənt/

resonant

resonante
Meaning
Deep, clear, and continuing to sound or echo.
Example
The resonant voice of the speaker filled the hall.
La voz resonante del orador llenó la sala.
C1 noun /ˈneɪ.vəl fɔːrs/

Naval Force

fuerzas navales
Meaning
the branch of a nation's armed services that conducts military operations at sea
Example
The naval force protected the country's coastline from enemy attacks.
Las fuerzas navales protegieron la costa del país de los ataques enemigos
C1 noun /ˈpaɪ.ə.ti/

Piety

piedad
Meaning
the quality of being religious or reverent; devout religious belief and practice
Example
His piety was evident in his daily prayers.
Su piedad era evidente en sus oraciones diarias.
C1 noun /ˈtoʊ.pæz/

Topaz

topacio
Meaning
a precious stone, typically colorless, yellow, or blue, used in jewelry
Example
The queen's crown was adorned with a magnificent blue topaz.
La corona de la reina estaba adornada con un magnífico topacio azul.
C1 noun /brɛdθ/

breadth

anchura
Meaning
The distance or measurement from side to side; width; a wide range.
Example
The breadth of his knowledge impressed everyone.
La anchura de su conocimiento impresionó a todos.
C1 verb /ˈkænvəs/

canvass

solicitar votos
Meaning
to solicit votes or opinions; to examine thoroughly; to discuss in detail
Example
They will canvass the neighborhood for votes.
Ellos harán campaña en el vecindario para obtener votos.
C1 noun /ˈiːɡətɪst/

egotist

ególatra
Meaning
A person who is excessively self-centered or talks too much about themselves.
Example
The egotist dominated the conversation by talking only about his own achievements.
El ególatra dominó la conversación hablando solo de sus propios logros.
C1 adjective ˈser.ɪ.brəl

cerebral

cerebral
Meaning
Of the cerebrum of the brain.
Example
Cerebral functions regulate thoughts.
Las funciones cerebrales regulan los pensamientos.
C1 adjective /ˈskwɒlɪd/

squalid

extremadamente sucio
Meaning
extremely dirty and unpleasant, often due to poverty or neglect
Example
He lived in a squalid room with broken furniture.
Vivía en una habitación sucia con muebles rotos.
C1 adjective /ˈten.tə.tɪv/

Tentative

tentativo; provisional
Meaning
not certain or fixed; provisional; hesitant or unsure
Example
We made tentative plans to meet next week.
Hicimos planes tentativos para encontrarnos la próxima semana.
C1 noun /noʊˈbɪl.ə.ti/

Nobility

nobleza; rango alto
Meaning
the quality of being noble in character; people of noble rank
Example
He showed great nobility in forgiving his enemies.
Él mostró gran nobleza al perdonar a sus enemigos.
C1 adjective /ˈæmərəs/

amorous

amoroso
Meaning
Showing, feeling, or relating to romantic love or desire.
Example
He sent her an amorous letter filled with declarations of love.
Él le envió una carta amorosa llena de declaraciones de amor.
C1 noun /raɪt/

rite

rito
Meaning
a religious or ceremonial act
Example
The wedding rite was performed with great solemnity.
El rito de la boda se realizó con gran solemnidad.
C1 verb ˈɔː.kɪ.streɪ.tɪd

orchestrated

orquestado
Meaning
Planned or coordinated carefully and deliberately.
Example
The attacks were orchestrated with precision.
Los ataques fueron orquestados con precisión.
C1 noun /ɪmˌpɒsəˈbɪlɪti/

impossibility

imposibilidad
Meaning
the state or fact of being impossible; something that cannot be done or achieved
Example
Finishing the project in one day was an impossibility.
Terminar el proyecto en un día fue una imposibilidad.
C1 noun ˌsætʃəˈreɪʃən

saturation

saturación
Meaning
The state of being saturated; the degree or extent to which something is dissolved or absorbed
Example
The saturation of the market with similar products reduced sales.
La saturación del mercado con productos similares redujo las ventas.
C1 adjective /ˈhɔː.ti/

Haughty

arrogante; altivo
Meaning
arrogantly superior and disdainful; showing excessive pride
Example
She gave him a haughty look and walked away.
Ella le dio una mirada arrogante y se alejó.
C1 noun ˈeʃ.ə.lɒn

echelon

nivel, rango, jerarquía
Meaning
A level or rank in an organization, a profession, or society.
Example
He climbed to the upper echelon of the corporate world.
Él ascendió al nivel más alto del mundo corporativo.
C1 noun ˈfæl.ə.si

fallacy

falacia, error, razonamiento falso
Meaning
False belief, misconception, false reasoning.
Example
The idea that success comes easy is a fallacy.
La idea de que el éxito viene fácil es una falacia.
C1 noun /təˈlɛfəni/

telephony

telefonía
Meaning
the technology and systems for transmitting voice over distances by telephone
Example
Modern telephony has evolved to include internet-based calls.
La telefonía moderna ha evolucionado para incluir llamadas basadas en Internet.
C1 noun /ˈkɒlərə/

cholera

cólera
Meaning
An infectious disease of the small intestine causing severe vomiting and diarrhea.
Example
The village suffered an outbreak of cholera after the flood.
La aldea sufrió un brote de cólera tras la inundación.
C1 verb /ɪmˈploʊd/

implode

implosionar
Meaning
To collapse or burst inward violently.
Example
The old building imploded during the demolition.
El viejo edificio implosionó durante la demolición.
C1 verb /prəˈkjʊər/

procure

conseguir
Meaning
to obtain something, especially with effort or difficulty
Example
They managed to procure enough supplies for the expedition.
Ellos lograron conseguir suficientes suministros para la expedición.
C1 adjective /ɪˈnɔːrdənət/

inordinate

excesivo
Meaning
Excessive or unusually large in degree.
Example
She spent an inordinate amount of time on her phone.
Ella pasó un tiempo excesivo en su teléfono.
C1 verb /məˈruːn/

maroon

abandonar en una isla desierta
Meaning
to leave someone trapped and isolated, especially on an island
Example
The sailors were marooned on a deserted island.
Los marineros fueron abandonados en una isla desierta.
C1 adjective /ɪˈluː.sɪv/

Illusive

ilusorio; que parece existir pero no es real; engañoso
Meaning
deceptive; appearing to exist but not real; misleading
Example
The promise of easy money proved to be illusive and misleading.
La promesa de dinero fácil resultó ser ilusoria y engañosa.
C1 adjective /ˌhɑːrdˈhɑːrtɪd/

hard-hearted

despiadado
Meaning
showing no kindness or sympathy; cruel
Example
The landlord was hard-hearted and refused to help the poor family.
El arrendador era muy duro de corazón y se negó a ayudar a la pobre familia.
C1 adjective /ˌɪnækˈsɛsəbl/

inaccessible

inaccesible
Meaning
unable to be reached, entered, or understood
Example
The remote village is almost inaccessible during the rainy season.
El pueblo remoto es casi inaccesible durante la temporada de lluvias.
C1 adjective /ˈseɪlaɪn/

Saline

salino; relacionado con agua salada
Meaning
containing salt; salty; relating to salt water
Example
The saline solution is used for medical treatments.
La solución salina se usa para tratamientos médicos.
C1 adjective /bræʃ/

brash

atrevido
Meaning
self-assertive in a rude, noisy, or overconfident way
Example
His brash comments offended many people at the meeting.
Sus comentarios atrevidos ofendieron a muchas personas en la reunión.
C1 adjective /ˈeɪ.mi.ə.bəl/

Amiable

amable y agradable; de buen carácter; bondadoso
Meaning
friendly and pleasant; good-natured; kind
Example
My neighbor is very amiable and always greets everyone warmly.
Mi vecino es muy amable y siempre saluda a todos calurosamente.
C1 noun /ˈɪrɪtənt/

irritant

sustancia irritante
Meaning
something that causes irritation or discomfort
Example
Dust is a common irritant for people with allergies.
El polvo es un irritante común para las personas con alergias.
C1 noun/verb /dɪsˈkwaɪət/

disquiet

inquietud
Meaning
A feeling of worry or unease; to make someone feel anxious or uneasy.
Example
The strange silence filled the room with disquiet.
El extraño silencio llenó la habitación de inquietud.
C1 verb /ˈskaʊər/

scour

fregar / buscar exhaustivamente
Meaning
to clean or brighten the surface of something by scrubbing; to search thoroughly
Example
She scoured the kitchen until it shone.
Ella fregó la cocina hasta que brilló.
C1 verb əˈnaɪ.ə.leɪt

annihilate

aniquilar
Meaning
Destroy utterly; obliterate; reduce to nothing.
Example
The explosion annihilated the entire village.
La explosión aniquiló toda la aldea.
C1 verb /rɪˈklaɪn/

recline

recostarse
Meaning
To lean or lie back in a relaxed position.
Example
She reclined on the sofa with a book.
Ella se recostó en el sofá con un libro.
C1 verb /ˈdʒʌɡəl/

juggle

hacer malabares
Meaning
To continuously toss and catch objects in the air; to manage many tasks at the same time.
Example
He tried to juggle work, studies, and family responsibilities.
Él trató de hacer malabares con el trabajo, los estudios y las responsabilidades familiares.
C1 adjective /ɪmˈpɛn.ɪ.trə.bəl/

impenetrable

impenetrable
Meaning
Impossible to pass through or enter; impossible to understand.
Example
The dense forest was nearly impenetrable.
El bosque denso era casi impenetrable.
C1 noun /ˈhɛzɪtənsi/

hesitancy

vacilación
Meaning
The tendency to pause or delay due to uncertainty or fear.
Example
His hesitancy in answering made everyone doubt his confidence.
Su vacilación al responder hizo que todos dudaran de su confianza.
C1 adjective /ˈskrʌfi/

Scruffy

desaliñado o desordenado en apariencia; sucio y desgastado
Meaning
untidy or unkempt in appearance; shabby and worn
Example
The scruffy old dog wandered through the streets looking for food.
El perro desaliñado caminó por las calles buscando comida.
C1 adjective /ˈɑːtfəl/

Artful

astuto; hábil; ingenioso
Meaning
clever or skillful, especially in a cunning way
Example
She gave an artful answer that avoided the real question.
Ella dio una respuesta astuta que evitó la verdadera pregunta.
C1 noun /ˈpælɪt/

pallet

plataforma
Meaning
a flat wooden platform used for moving or storing goods; also a makeshift bed
Example
The boxes were stacked on a wooden pallet for easy transport.
Las cajas fueron apiladas en una plataforma de madera para un fácil transporte.
C1 verb /sɪˈkluːd/

seclude

aislar
Meaning
To keep someone away from other people; to isolate.
Example
The monk chose to seclude himself in the mountains.
El monje eligió aislarse en las montañas.
C1 noun /æbˈdʌk.ʃən/

abduction

secuestro
Meaning
the act of taking someone away illegally by force; kidnapping
Example
The police are investigating the abduction of the child.
La policía está investigando el secuestro del niño.
C1 noun /ˌdiː.kɒmpəˈzɪʃən/

decomposition

descomposición
Meaning
the process of decaying or breaking down into simpler parts
Example
The decomposition of leaves enriches the soil.
La descomposición de las hojas enriquece el suelo.
C1 noun /bɑːrˈbeəriən/

Barbarian

bárbaro; salvaje;
Meaning
a person from an uncivilized group; someone who is cruel or brutal
Example
The ancient Romans considered anyone outside their empire to be barbarians.
Los antiguos romanos consideraban bárbaros a todos los que estaban fuera de su imperio.
C1 verb, noun /dɪsˈkrɛdɪt/

discredit

desacreditar
Meaning
To harm the reputation of someone or something; loss of respect or credibility.
Example
The scandal discredited the politician in the eyes of the public.
El escándalo desacreditó al político ante los ojos del público.
C1 noun /ˈpæŋkriəs/

pancreas

páncreas
Meaning
A gland in the abdomen that produces insulin and digestive enzymes.
Example
The pancreas plays a vital role in digestion and blood sugar regulation.
El páncreas juega un papel vital en la digestión y la regulación del azúcar en la sangre.
C1 noun /ˈnjuːɑːns/

nuance

matiz
Meaning
A subtle difference in shade of meaning, appearance, or sound.
Example
He noticed the subtle nuance in her expression.
Notó el sutil matiz en su expresión.
C1 noun /rɪˈtrækʃən/

retraction

revocación, retractación
Meaning
the act of taking back a statement, promise, or belief
Example
The newspaper issued a retraction of the false report.
El periódico emitió una retractación del informe falso.
C1 adjective ˈɒptɪmaɪzd

optimized

optimizados, mejorado, más eficiente
Meaning
Made as fully perfect, functional, or effective as possible; improved to achieve maximum efficiency.
Example
The system has been optimized for faster performance.
El sistema ha sido optimizado para un rendimiento más rápido.
C1 noun /ˈfæk.ʃən/

Faction

facción
Meaning
a small organized dissenting group within a larger one
Example
Different factions within the party disagreed about the new policy.
Diferentes facciones dentro del partido no estuvieron de acuerdo sobre la nueva política.
C1 verb /ɪnˈvɜːrt/

invert

invertir
Meaning
To turn something upside down or in the opposite position, order, or direction.
Example
He inverted the glass to let the water drain out.
Él invirtió el vaso para dejar que el agua se drenara.
C1 noun /ˈfjuː.tʃə.rɪst/

futurist

futurista
Meaning
A person who studies or predicts the future, especially trends in science, technology, or society.
Example
The futurist predicted major changes in transportation within the next decade.
El futurista predijo grandes cambios en el transporte dentro de la próxima década.
C1 noun /ˈfɔːrɡraʊnd/

foreground

primer plano
Meaning
the part of a scene that is nearest to and in front of the viewer
Example
The flowers in the foreground brightened the picture.
Las flores en el primer plano iluminaron la imagen.
C1 noun/verb /snɛər/

snare

trampa
Meaning
a trap for catching animals; to catch or trap
Example
The hunter set a snare to catch rabbits.
El cazador puso una trampa para atrapar conejos.
C1 noun /ɪˈnæməl/

enamel

esmalte
Meaning
a hard, glossy substance used as a protective or decorative coating; the hard outer layer of teeth
Example
The dentist explained that enamel protects the teeth from decay.
El dentista explicó que el esmalte protege los dientes de la caries.
C1 noun /ˈplæz.mə/

Plasma

parte líquida de la sangre; gas ionizado; suero sanguíneo sin proteínas de coagulación
Meaning
the liquid part of blood; ionized gas; blood serum without clotting proteins
Example
Blood plasma contains various proteins and nutrients.
El plasma sanguíneo contiene varias proteínas y nutrientes.
C1 noun /lɪŋˈɡwɪstɪks/

linguistics

lingüística
Meaning
The scientific study of language and its structure.
Example
She decided to major in linguistics at university.
Decidió especializarse en lingüística en la universidad.
C1 adjective /məˈnɒtənəs/

Monotonous

monótono; aburrido; repetitivo
Meaning
lacking in variety; tediously unvarying; boring and repetitive
Example
The monotonous sound of the rain made everyone feel sleepy.
El sonido monótono de la lluvia hizo que todos se sintieran somnolientos.
C1 noun /mɑːrˈsuːpiəl/

marsupial

mamífero que lleva y alimenta a sus crías en una bolsa
Meaning
A type of mammal that carries and nourishes its young in a pouch, like kangaroos and koalas.
Example
The kangaroo is a well-known marsupial.
El canguro es un marsúpial bien conocido.
C1 adjective /əˈbreɪsɪv/

abrasive

áspero, rugoso o capaz de desgastar por frotamiento
Meaning
harsh, rough, or capable of wearing down by rubbing
Example
His abrasive tone made everyone uncomfortable.
Su tono áspero hizo que todos se sintieran incómodos.
C1 noun ˌdɪs.ɪnˈfek.ʃən

disinfection

desinfección
Meaning
The process of destroying harmful microorganisms to prevent infection.
Example
Kitchen appliances require frequent disinfection.
Los electrodomésticos requieren desinfección frecuente.
C1 noun /ˌsɪmbɪˈəʊsɪs/

symbiosis

relación simbiótica
Meaning
A mutually beneficial relationship between different people or groups.
Example
The symbiosis between the two companies led to mutual growth.
La simbiosis entre las dos empresas llevó a un crecimiento mutuo.
C1 noun /rɪˈdʒɪdəti/

Rigidity

rigidez
Meaning
inability to bend or be forced out of shape; unwillingness to change or compromise
Example
The rigidity of the old system prevented any innovation.
La rigidez del antiguo sistema impidió cualquier innovación.
C1 verb, noun /spraʊt/

sprout

brotar
Meaning
to begin to grow; to produce new leaves or shoots
Example
The seeds began to sprout after a few days of rain.
Las semillas comenzaron a brotar después de unos días de lluvia.
C1 verb /kənˈtraɪv/

contrive

idear
Meaning
to plan or devise cleverly or skillfully
Example
She contrived a clever plan to surprise her friends.
Ella ideó un plan ingenioso para sorprender a sus amigos.
C1 adjective /ˈnæv.ɪ.ɡə.bəl/

Navigable

navegable
Meaning
suitable for ships or boats to travel on; able to be navigated
Example
The river is navigable for small boats during the rainy season.
El río es navegable para pequeños botes durante la temporada de lluvias.
C1 noun /ʃoʊl/

shoal

cardumen
Meaning
a large group of fish swimming together; a shallow place in water
Example
We saw a shoal of fish near the coast.
Vimos un cardumen de peces cerca de la costa.
C1 adjective /ˈsteɪtli/

stately

majestuoso y digno
Meaning
Having a dignified, majestic, and impressive appearance or manner.
Example
The stately mansion stood at the end of the long driveway.
La majestuosa mansión se encontraba al final del largo camino de entrada.
C1 noun /ˈsʌtlti/

subtlety

sutileza
Meaning
The quality or state of being subtle.
Example
She understood the subtlety of the situation.
Ella entendió la sutileza de la situación.
C1 noun prɪˈzɝː.və.tɪv

preservative

conservante
Meaning
A chemical substance that prevents decay, fermentation, or other natural processes that cause food deterioration.
Example
Artificial preservatives are harmful to health.
Los conservantes artificiales son perjudiciales para la salud.
C1 noun /ˈtaɪ.ɡrəs/

Tigress

tigresa
Meaning
an adult female tiger
Example
The powerful tigress hunted silently through the jungle.
La poderosa tigresa cazó silenciosamente a través de la jungla.
C1 verb /ʌnˈrævəl/

unravel

desentrañar
Meaning
To undo twisted or knitted threads; to solve or explain something complicated.
Example
The detective worked hard to unravel the mystery.
El detective trabajó arduamente para desentrañar el misterio.
C1 adjective /ˈhɑːrdi/

hardy

resistente, robusto
Meaning
Strong, robust, and capable of enduring difficult conditions.
Example
Hardy plants can survive the harsh winter.
Las plantas resistentes pueden sobrevivir al invierno severo.
C1 verb /daɪˈɡrɛs/

digress

apartarse temporalmente del tema principal
Meaning
To leave the main subject temporarily in speech or writing.
Example
The professor began to digress from the main topic of the lecture.
El profesor comenzó a digresar del tema principal de la conferencia.
C1 adjective /ˈfrɪdʒɪd/

Frigid

frío; helado
Meaning
extremely cold; freezing; icy
Example
The frigid weather made it difficult to go outside.
El clima frío dificultó salir afuera.
C1 adjective /ˈtæŋ.i/

tangy

ácido
Meaning
Having a strong, sharp, and pleasantly biting flavor or taste.
Example
The sauce had a tangy flavor that brightened the dish.
La salsa tenía un sabor ácido que hizo que el plato fuera más sabroso.
C1 noun /ˈdɪɡnɪˌtɛri/

dignitary

persona importante
Meaning
a person considered to be important because of high rank or office
Example
Several foreign dignitaries attended the state banquet.
Varios dignatarios extranjeros asistieron al banquete estatal.
C1 noun /lɔnˈdʒɛvəti/

longevity

longevidad
Meaning
Long life or long existence of something.
Example
Good habits contribute to health and longevity.
Los buenos hábitos contribuyen a la salud y longevidad.
C1 noun ˌɪndɪˈspensəbl̩ ˈkɒmpɪtənsi

indispensable competency

competencia indispensable
Meaning
Essential skill or ability that cannot be done without; a crucial capability that is absolutely necessary.
Example
Digital literacy is an indispensable competency in the 21st century.
La alfabetización digital es una competencia indispensable en el siglo XXI.
C1 verb /rɪˈdʒɛnəreɪt/

regenerate

regenerar
Meaning
to grow or produce again; to renew or restore
Example
The lizard can regenerate its lost tail.
El lagarto puede regenerar su cola perdida.
C1 adjective /ˈkɔː.zəl/

causal

causal
Meaning
relating to or acting as a cause
Example
There is a causal link between smoking and cancer.
Existe una relación causal entre fumar y el cáncer.
C1 adjective /pərˈsweɪdəbl̩/

persuadable

que se puede convencer fácilmente
Meaning
capable of being convinced or influenced to do something
Example
She was easily persuadable when it came to trying new foods.
Ella era fácilmente persuadible cuando se trataba de probar nuevos alimentos.
C1 adjective /ˈmɒnstrəs/

Monstrous

monstruoso; extremadamente grande; chocante o malvado; anormal o antinatural
Meaning
extremely large; shockingly evil or wrong; abnormal or unnatural
Example
The monstrous crime shocked the entire community.
El crimen monstruoso sorprendió a toda la comunidad.
C1 verb /ɪmˈbɛd/

imbed

incrustar
Meaning
To fix firmly or deeply in a surrounding mass.
Example
The journalist imbedded himself with the troops to report firsthand.
El periodista se incrustó con las tropas para reportar de primera mano.
C1 adjective /maɪˈɑːpɪk/

myopic

miopía, visión limitada
Meaning
lacking foresight or long-term perspective; also refers to nearsightedness
Example
The company’s myopic strategy led to long-term losses.
La estrategia miope de la empresa condujo a pérdidas a largo plazo.
C1 verb /əˈmæs/

amass

acumular
Meaning
to gather together or accumulate over a period of time
Example
He managed to amass a fortune through wise investments.
Logró acumular una fortuna a través de inversiones sabias.
C1 noun /rɪˈvɒl.vər/

Revolver

revólver
Meaning
a pistol with revolving chambers enabling several shots to be fired without reloading
Example
The detective drew his revolver from its holster.
El detective sacó su revólver de su funda.
C1 noun /kənˈsiːt/

conceit

vanidad
Meaning
excessive pride in oneself; vanity
Example
His conceit made him unpopular among his colleagues.
Su vanidad lo hizo impopular entre sus compañeros.
C1 noun /ˈsɔːrsəri/

sorcery

hechicería
Meaning
the use of magical powers, especially through spells and enchantments
Example
The villagers believed the illness was caused by sorcery.
Los aldeanos creían que la enfermedad fue causada por hechicería.
C1 phrase ˌdɪp.ləˈmæt.ɪk rɛz.əˈluː.ʃən

diplomatic resolution

resolución diplomática
Meaning
A peaceful solution to conflicts through negotiation and diplomatic channels.
Example
A diplomatic resolution is necessary for peace.
Es necesaria una resolución diplomática para la paz.
C1 noun /ʌnˈfeɪθfʊlnəs/

unfaithfulness

infidelidad
Meaning
the quality of being disloyal or not faithful; breach of trust or fidelity
Example
His unfaithfulness led to the end of their marriage.
Su infidelidad llevó al fin de su matrimonio.
C1 verb /ɪnˈvoʊk/

invoke

invocar
Meaning
to call upon a higher power, authority, or principle for help, support, or justification
Example
The lawyer invoked the constitution to defend his client.
El abogado invocó la constitución para defender a su cliente.
C1 verb /kwentʃ/

quench

calmar
Meaning
to satisfy thirst by drinking; to extinguish fire
Example
He drank water to quench his thirst after the long run.
Él bebió agua para calmar su sed después de la larga carrera.
C1 adjective /əˈniːmɪk/

anemic

anémico
Meaning
Suffering from anemia; lacking in vitality, strength, or color.
Example
The doctor prescribed iron supplements for her anemic condition.
El doctor recetó suplementos de hierro para su condición anémica.
C1 adjective /ˌʌnrɪˈfaɪnd/

unrefined

sin refinar
Meaning
not processed or purified; lacking polish or sophistication
Example
The unrefined oil must be processed before it can be used as fuel.
El aceite sin refinar debe procesarse antes de usarse como combustible.
C1 adjective /əbˈnɒkʃəs/

Obnoxious

odioso
Meaning
extremely unpleasant; offensive; annoying
Example
His obnoxious behavior at the party annoyed everyone.
Su comportamiento odioso en la fiesta molestó a todos.
C1 noun njuːˈtræl.ə.ti

neutrality

neutralidad
Meaning
The state of not supporting or helping either side in a conflict, disagreement, etc.; impartiality.
Example
Neutrality fosters trust in decision-making.
La neutralidad fomenta la confianza en la toma de decisiones.
C1 noun /ˈdʒʊərər/

juror

miembro del jurado
Meaning
a member of a jury who is chosen to hear evidence in a legal case and help make a decision
Example
The juror listened carefully to the witness’s testimony.
El miembro del jurado escuchó cuidadosamente el testimonio del testigo.
C1 adverb /maɪˈnjuːtli/

Minutely

minuciosamente
Meaning
in very small detail; extremely carefully
Example
The detective examined the evidence minutely.
El detective examinó la evidencia minuciosamente.
C1 noun /ˌdɜːrməˈtɑːlədʒi/

dermatology

dermatología
Meaning
The branch of medicine concerned with the skin and its diseases.
Example
He studied dermatology at medical school.
Estudió dermatología en la escuela de medicina.
C1 noun /ˈfaɪər.wɔːl/

firewall

cortafuegos
Meaning
A network security system that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules.
Example
A firewall protects networks from cyber-attacks.
Un cortafuegos protege las redes de ciberataques.
C1 noun /ɪmˈpɒs.tər/

Impostor

impostor; fraude
Meaning
a person who pretends to be someone else in order to deceive others; a fraud
Example
The impostor convinced everyone he was a doctor until his fake credentials were discovered.
El impostor convenció a todos de que era un doctor hasta que se descubrió que sus credenciales eran falsas.
C1 noun /dɪˈfjuːʒən/

diffusion

difusión
Meaning
the spreading of something more widely or the movement of particles from high to low concentration
Example
The diffusion of information on social media is rapid.
La difusión de información en las redes sociales es rápida.
C1 noun /ˈtæpəstri/

tapestry

tapiz
Meaning
A piece of thick textile fabric with pictures or designs woven into it, often hung on walls.
Example
The museum displayed an ancient tapestry from the 15th century.
El museo exhibió un tapiz antiguo del siglo XV.
C1 verb /ɪkˈspend/

expend

gastar
Meaning
to use up or consume; to spend energy or resources
Example
He expended all his energy on the project.
Él gastó toda su energía en el proyecto.
C1 verb /əˈvɛndʒ/

avenge

vengar
Meaning
to inflict harm in return for an injury or wrong done to oneself or another
Example
He vowed to avenge his brother's death.
Él juró vengar la muerte de su hermano.
C1 noun prɪˌsɪp.ɪˈteɪ.ʃən

precipitation

precipitación
Meaning
Rain, snow, sleet, or hail that falls to or condenses on the ground.
Example
Annual precipitation levels are decreasing.
Los niveles anuales de precipitación están disminuyendo.
C1 adjective, noun /ˈdɛrəlɪkt/

derelict

abandonado
Meaning
in poor condition due to neglect or disuse; a homeless or neglected person
Example
The old factory stood derelict for decades.
La vieja fábrica estuvo abandonada durante décadas.
C1 noun ˌmɛməraɪˈzeɪʃən

memorization

memorización
Meaning
The process of learning or committing something to memory
Example
Memorization of important information is crucial for exams.
La memorización de información importante es crucial para los exámenes.
C1 adjective /ˈnɔɪz.ləs/

Noiseless

sin sonido; completamente silencioso
Meaning
making no sound; completely silent
Example
She moved through the house in noiseless steps so as not to wake the baby.
Se movió por la casa con pasos silenciosos para no despertar al bebé.
C1 adjective /ɪˈlɪsɪt/

illicit

ilícito
Meaning
Forbidden by law, rules, or custom.
Example
The police shut down the illicit drug operation.
La policía cerró la operación de drogas ilícitas.
C1 verb /niːd/

knead

amasar
Meaning
to work dough or clay into a uniform mixture by pressing, folding, and stretching
Example
She kneads the dough until it becomes smooth.
Ella amasa la masa hasta que se vuelve suave.
C1 noun /ˈhæŋ.ər/

Hanger

percha
Meaning
a shaped piece of wood, plastic, or metal with a hook at the top, used to hang up clothes
Example
She hung her dress on a wooden hanger to prevent it from getting wrinkled.
Colgó su vestido en una percha de madera para evitar que se arrugara.