vaudeville
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C2 noun /ˈvɔːdəvɪl/

vaudeville

vaudeville
Meaning
A type of entertainment popular in the early 20th century, featuring a mixture of comedy, song, dance, and variety acts.
Example
The vaudeville show included comedians, magicians, and dancers.
El espectáculo de vaudeville incluía comediantes, magos y bailarines.
B1 noun /ˈvoʊtɪŋ/

voting

votación
Meaning
the act of making a choice in an election or decision by casting a vote
Example
Voting is an important part of a democratic society.
La votación es una parte importante de una sociedad democrática.
C1 adjective /ˈvɛrɪtəbl/

veritable

verdadero
Meaning
used to emphasize that something is genuine or true
Example
The house was a veritable palace compared to ours.
La casa era un verdadero palacio comparado con la nuestra.
C1 noun /ˈvenɪsən/

Venison

carne de venado
Meaning
meat from a deer used as food
Example
The restaurant serves delicious venison steaks.
El restaurante sirve deliciosos filetes de venado.
C1 adjective /ˈven.ə.məs/

Venomous

venenoso; malicioso;
Meaning
secreting venom; full of malice or spite; extremely hostile
Example
The venomous snake struck quickly at its prey.
La serpiente venenosa atacó rápidamente a su presa.
C2 adjective /ˈvɪndɪkətɔːri/

vindicatory

vindicativo
Meaning
Serving to justify, clear of blame, or defend.
Example
His vindicatory remarks restored his reputation.
Sus comentarios vindicatorios restauraron su reputación.
B2 noun /ˌveəriˈeɪʃən/

Variation

variación; cambio; diferencia en condición o cantidad
Meaning
a change or difference in condition, amount, or level; a different or distinct form or version of something
Example
There was a significant variation in temperature throughout the day.
Hubo una variación significativa en la temperatura durante el día.
C1 verb /veks/

vex

molestar
Meaning
to annoy or frustrate someone; to cause trouble
Example
The constant noise from construction vexes the residents.
El ruido constante de la construcción molesta a los residentes.
C1 noun /ˈvɜːrtɪˌɡoʊ/

vertigo

felicidad
Meaning
A sensation of spinning or dizziness, often caused by problems in the inner ear or brain.
Example
She felt a sudden vertigo when she looked down from the tall building.
Ella no pudo ocultar su felicidad cuando recibió el premio.
C1 noun /vəˈlɒs.ɪ.ti/

velocity

velocidad
Meaning
Speed or acceleration, the rate of movement of any object or vehicle.
Example
High velocity trains reduce travel time significantly.
Los trenes de alta velocidad reducen significativamente el tiempo de viaje.
C2 noun /ˌvɪvɪˈsɛkʃən/

vivisection

la práctica de realizar operaciones en animales vivos para la investigación científica
Meaning
the practice of performing operations on live animals for scientific research
Example
Vivisection has long been a controversial topic among scientists and animal rights activists.
La vivisección ha sido durante mucho tiempo un tema controvertido entre científicos y activistas por los derechos de los animales.
B2 adjective /ˈvɛriəbl/

Variable

variable
Meaning
able to change; not consistent or having a fixed pattern
Example
The weather has been very variable this week.
El clima ha sido muy variable esta semana.
C1 noun /vɛnˈdɛtə/

vendetta

venganza
Meaning
a prolonged bitter quarrel or campaign of revenge
Example
The two families were caught in a bitter vendetta for generations.
Las dos familias estuvieron atrapadas en una amarga venganza durante generaciones.
B1 adjective /ˈvaɪə.lənt/

Violent

violento; agresivo
Meaning
using or involving physical force intended to hurt, damage, or kill; very forceful or powerful
Example
The violent storm caused significant damage to the coastal areas.
La tormenta violenta causó daños significativos en las áreas costeras.
C2 verb /ˈvɛdʒɪteɪt/

vegetate

vegetar
Meaning
to live in a dull, inactive, or unchallenging way, often with little physical or mental effort
Example
He spent his vacation vegetating on the couch in front of the TV.
Él pasó sus vacaciones vegetando en el sofá frente a la televisión.
B2 verb /ˈvaɪəleɪt/

violate

violar
Meaning
to break or go against a rule or law; to disrespect
Example
Parking here violates the city regulations.
Estacionar aquí viola las regulaciones de la ciudad.
B1 noun /ˈvɪn.ɪ.ɡər/

Vinegar

vinagre
Meaning
a sour liquid made from fermented alcohol, used for cooking and preserving
Example
I added vinegar to the salad dressing for extra flavor.
Añadí vinagre a la salsa de ensalada para más sabor.
B2 noun ˈvɜː.tʃu.əl ˈklɑːs.ruːmz

virtual classrooms

aulas virtuales
Meaning
An online learning environment where teachers and students interact via digital platforms.
Example
Virtual classrooms enable remote learning for students worldwide.
Las aulas virtuales permiten el aprendizaje remoto para los estudiantes de todo el mundo.
C1 noun /vəˈræs.ə.ti/

veracity

veracidad
Meaning
Conformity to facts; accuracy and truthfulness.
Example
The journalist checked the veracity of the report.
El periodista verificó la veracidad del informe.
C2 noun /ˈvæsəl/

vassal

vasallo
Meaning
A person or country in a subordinate position to another, especially in feudal times under a lord.
Example
The king granted land to his vassal in return for loyalty and service.
El rey otorgó tierras a su vasallo a cambio de lealtad y servicio.
B1 noun /vɒlˈkeɪ.noʊ/

Volcano

felicidad
Meaning
a mountain with an opening through which lava, gas, and ash can escape
Example
The volcano erupted after being dormant for decades.
No pudo esconder su felicidad cuando recibió el premio.
B2 noun /ˈvæn.ɪ.ti/

Vanity

vanidad
Meaning
excessive pride in one's appearance or achievements; the quality of being worthless or pointless
Example
Her vanity made her spend hours looking at herself in the mirror.
Su vanidad la hizo pasar horas mirándose en el espejo.
B2 adjective /ˈvaɪtl/

vital

vital
Meaning
essential or necessary for life or success
Example
It's vital to stay hydrated during the summer.
Es vital mantenerse hidratado durante el verano.
B1 noun /ˈvaɪrəs/

virus

virus
Meaning
A tiny infectious agent that can replicate only inside the living cells of an organism.
Example
The computer was infected with a dangerous virus.
El ordenador se infectó con un virus peligroso.
B2 noun ˌvɒlənˈtɪər ˌɔːɡənaɪˈzeɪʃən

volunteer organization

organización voluntaria
Meaning
A nonprofit group of people who offer their services willingly without payment for a cause.
Example
BD Clean is a volunteer organization promoting recycling.
BD Clean es una organización voluntaria que promueve el reciclaje.
B2 noun /vɒlˈkæn.ɪk ɪˈrʌp.ʃən/

volcanic eruption

erupción volcánica
Meaning
The discharge of lava, ash, and gases from a volcano.
Example
The volcanic eruption covered the town in ash.
La erupción volcánica cubrió la ciudad con cenizas.
C1 adjective /ˈvɛnərəbəl/

Venerable

venerable; respetado
Meaning
deserving respect due to age, wisdom, or character; revered
Example
The venerable professor has taught at the university for fifty years.
El venerable profesor ha enseñado en la universidad durante cincuenta años.
B2 adjective /ˈvʌl.nər.ə.bəl/

vulnerable

vulnerable
Meaning
susceptible to physical or emotional harm
Example
Children are often the most vulnerable in times of crisis.
Los niños son a menudo los más vulnerables en tiempos de crisis.
C1 noun /ˌvɜːbəlɪˈzeɪʃən/

verbalization

verbalización
Meaning
The action of expressing something in words.
Example
The verbalization of his thoughts was clear and direct.
La verbalización de sus pensamientos fue clara y directa.
B2 noun /ˈveɪ.pər/

Vapour

vapor
Meaning
a substance in the form of a gas, especially when it has changed from a liquid or solid state
Example
Water vapour rose from the hot pavement after the rain.
El vapor de agua subió del pavimento caliente después de la lluvia.
C1 verb /ˈvɪktɪmaɪz/

victimize

victimizar
Meaning
To make someone a victim, often by treating them unfairly or cruelly.
Example
The corrupt officials victimized the poor villagers.
Los funcionarios corruptos victimizaron a los pobres aldeanos.
B2 adjective /ˈvɜːr.tʃu.əs/

Virtuous

virtuoso; recto; moralmente excelente;
Meaning
having high moral standards; righteous; morally excellent
Example
She is known for her virtuous character and honest dealings.
Ella es conocida por su carácter virtuoso y sus tratos honestos.
C1 noun /ˈvælər/

valor

valor
Meaning
Great courage in the face of danger, especially in battle.
Example
The soldier was honored for his valor during the war.
El soldado fue honrado por su valor durante la guerra.
C2 noun /ˈvaɪənd/

viand

manjar
Meaning
an item of food, especially a delicacy
Example
The banquet was filled with rich viands and wines.
El banquete estaba lleno de manjares y vinos.
C1 noun/verb /ˈvɑːrnɪʃ/

varnish

barniz
Meaning
A liquid that is applied to wood or other materials to form a hard, shiny surface; also to apply such a liquid.
Example
The carpenter varnished the table to give it a glossy finish.
El carpintero barnizó la mesa para darle un acabado brillante.
B2 noun /vaɪˈbreɪ.ʃən/

Vibration

vibración
Meaning
a rapid back and forth movement; oscillation
Example
The phone's vibration woke me up.
La vibración del teléfono me despertó.
C1 noun ˌvɛn.əˈreɪ.ʃən

veneration

veneración
Meaning
Great respect; reverence; the action of regarding with great respect or reverence.
Example
Many cultures show veneration for their ancestors.
Muchas culturas muestran veneración por sus antepasados.
B2 adjective /ˈvɜː.tʃu.əl/

Virtual

virtual
Meaning
almost or nearly as described, but not completely or according to strict definition; existing in essence or effect, though not in fact
Example
The virtual meeting allowed participants from different countries to collaborate.
La reunión virtual permitió a los participantes de diferentes países colaborar.
C2 noun vəˈlɪʃən

volition

volición
Meaning
The faculty or power of using one's will; the power of choosing or determining.
Example
She left the job of her own volition.
Ella dejó el trabajo por su propia volición.
B2 adjective /ˈvaɪ.brənt/

Vibrant

vibrante; lleno de vida; brillante
Meaning
full of energy and life; bright and striking
Example
The vibrant colors of the sunset painted the sky beautifully.
Los colores vibrantes del atardecer pintaron el cielo hermosamente.
C2 noun /ˈvɛstmənt/

vestment

vestimenta religiosa
Meaning
a garment, especially a ceremonial or official robe worn during religious services
Example
The priest wore a golden vestment during the ceremony.
El sacerdote usó una vestimenta dorada durante la ceremonia.
C2 adjective /ˈvɒkətɪv/

vocative

caso vocativo
Meaning
relating to a case in grammar used for directly addressing someone
Example
In Latin, the vocative case is used when directly calling someone by name.
En latín, el caso vocativo se usa para llamar directamente a alguien por su nombre.
A1 noun /ˈvedʒ.tə.bəlz/

Vegetables

verduras
Meaning
plants or parts of plants that are eaten as food, such as peas, beans, cabbage, potatoes, onions, or carrots
Example
We should eat more vegetables to maintain a healthy diet.
Debemos comer más verduras para mantener una dieta saludable.
B1 noun /ˈvaɪ.ə.ləns/

Violence

violencia; brutalidad; intensidad extrema
Meaning
behavior involving physical force intended to hurt, damage, or kill; extreme force or intensity
Example
The government condemned all forms of violence against civilians.
El gobierno condenó todas las formas de violencia contra los civiles.
C2 noun /ˌviːələnsɛloʊ/

violoncello

chelo
Meaning
The full name of the cello, a large string instrument played with a bow and held between the knees.
Example
He practiced the violoncello for hours each day.
Practicó el violonchelo durante horas cada día.
B2 noun /ˈven.juː/

Venue

lugar
Meaning
a place where an event or activity takes place
Example
The wedding venue was beautifully decorated.
El lugar de la boda estaba bellamente decorado.
B2 noun /ˈvel.vɪt/

Velvet

terciopelo
Meaning
a soft, luxurious fabric with a thick, short pile on one side
Example
The royal curtains were made of rich red velvet.
Las cortinas reales estaban hechas de rico terciopelo rojo.
B2 adjective /ˈvoʊkəl/

vocal

vocal
Meaning
expressing opinions or feelings freely and loudly; relating to the voice
Example
She was very vocal about her dissatisfaction.
Ella estaba muy vocal sobre su insatisfacción.
B1 adjective /ˈvæljʊəbl/

Valuable

valioso; importante
Meaning
worth a great deal of money; extremely useful or important
Example
The painting is very valuable and worth millions.
La pintura es muy valiosa y vale millones.
C2 noun /ˈveɪɡəri/

vagary

cambio inesperado
Meaning
An unexpected and inexplicable change in a situation or someone's behavior.
Example
The vagaries of the weather made planning difficult.
Los caprichos del clima hicieron que la planificación fuera difícil.
B2 verb /ˈvælɪdeɪt/

validate

validar
Meaning
To check or prove the accuracy, truth, or legality of something.
Example
The scientist worked hard to validate the experiment's results.
El científico trabajó duro para validar los resultados del experimento.
C2 noun /ˌvɑːljəˈbɪləti/

volubility

volubilidad
Meaning
The quality of talking fluently, readily, or incessantly.
Example
His volubility made him a successful radio host.
Su volubilidad lo convirtió en un exitoso presentador de radio.
B2 noun /ˌvʌl.nər.əˈbɪl.ə.ti/

vulnerability

vulnerabilidad
Meaning
The quality or state of being exposed to the possibility of being attacked or harmed.
Example
Addressing vulnerability is crucial for stability.
Abordar la vulnerabilidad es crucial para la estabilidad.
C1 adjective /vɪˈveɪʃəs/

vivacious

vivaz
Meaning
Attractively lively and animated.
Example
She was admired for her vivacious personality.
Ella fue admirada por su personalidad vivaz.
B1 noun /ˈvɪk.tɪm/

Victim

víctima
Meaning
a person who suffers harm, injury, or death as a result of an event or action
Example
The victim was taken to the hospital immediately.
La víctima fue llevada al hospital inmediatamente.
C2 noun /vɜːrˈtuː/

virtu

gusto por el arte
Meaning
a love of or taste for fine art, antiques, or curiosities
Example
The collector’s house was filled with objects of virtu.
La casa del coleccionista estaba llena de objetos de virtu.
C1 adjective vəˈreɪ.ʃəs

voracious

voraz
Meaning
Having a very eager approach to an activity; wanting or devouring great quantities of food or having an insatiable appetite.
Example
He has a voracious appetite for knowledge.
Él tiene un apetito voraz por el conocimiento.
C2 noun /ˈvɪntnər/

vintner

vinatero / vendedor de vino
Meaning
A person who makes or sells wine.
Example
The vintner explained the process of making red wine.
El vinatero explicó el proceso de hacer vino tinto.
C1 adverb /ˈvælɪdli/

validly

válidamente
Meaning
in a legally, logically, or officially acceptable manner
Example
The contract was validly signed by both parties.
El contrato fue firmado válidamente por ambas partes.
B2 verb/noun /vɛnt/

vent

ventilar / agujero por donde pasa aire o gas
Meaning
to release air, gas, or strong emotions; an opening that allows air, gas, or liquid to pass
Example
She vented her frustration after the long meeting.
Ella desahogó su frustración después de la larga reunión.
C2 noun /ˌvæs.ɪˈleɪ.ʃən/

Vacillation

vacilación
Meaning
the inability to decide between different opinions or actions; indecision
Example
His constant vacillation between career choices frustrated his parents.
Su constante vacilación entre opciones de carrera frustró a sus padres.
C1 noun /ˈvaɪəˌleɪtər/

violator

infractor
Meaning
A person who breaks or disregards a law, rule, or agreement.
Example
The police caught the traffic violator at the intersection.
La policía atrapó al infractor de tráfico en la intersección.
B2 verb /ˈvænɪʃ/

vanish

desaparecer
Meaning
to disappear suddenly; to become invisible
Example
The magician made the rabbit vanish from the hat.
El mago hizo desaparecer al conejo del sombrero.
C2 adjective /ˌvɛrɪˈsɪmɪlər/

verisimilar

parecido a la verdad
Meaning
appearing to be true or real
Example
The story seemed verisimilar though it was entirely fictional.
La historia parecía parecida a la verdad aunque era completamente ficticia.
C1 noun /vəˈnɪər/

veneer

felicidad
Meaning
A thin decorative covering of fine wood applied to a coarser wood or other material; a superficially attractive appearance.
Example
The table was covered with a thin veneer of mahogany.
Ella no pudo ocultar su felicidad cuando recibió el premio.
C2 adjective /ˈvjuː.ləs/

Viewless

invisible; sin opiniones
Meaning
invisible; having no views or opinions
Example
The ghost remained viewless to most people in the haunted house.
El fantasma permaneció invisible para la mayoría de las personas en la casa encantada.
C2 noun /ˌvɛəriəˈɡeɪʃən/

variegation

variegación
Meaning
The appearance of differently colored zones in the leaves, flowers, or stems of plants.
Example
Variegation makes the foliage look more attractive.
La variegación hace que el follaje sea más atractivo.
C1 noun /ˈvenəm/

Venom

veneno
Meaning
a poisonous substance secreted by animals such as snakes; extreme malice and bitterness
Example
The snake's venom can be deadly if not treated quickly.
El veneno de la serpiente puede ser mortal si no se trata rápidamente.
C2 noun /ˌvælɪˈdɪkʃən/

valediction

discurso de despedida
Meaning
The act of saying farewell; a formal goodbye.
Example
The professor gave a touching valediction at his retirement ceremony.
El profesor dio un emotivo discurso de despedida en su ceremonia de jubilación.
C2 noun /vɪˈsɪsɪtjuːd/

vicissitude

vicisitudes de la vida
Meaning
A natural change or succession of one thing to another; the ups and downs of life.
Example
The vicissitude of life often teaches resilience.
Las vicisitudes de la vida a menudo enseñan resiliencia.
C2 noun /vəˈrɑːɡoʊ/

virago

mujer autoritaria o ruda
Meaning
a loud, overbearing woman; historically, a strong or courageous woman
Example
The play depicted the heroine as a fierce virago who defied tradition.
La obra retrató a la heroína como una virago feroz que desafiaba la tradición.
A2 noun /vɔɪs/

voice

voz
Meaning
the sound produced by the vocal cords; the ability to speak or express oneself
Example
She has a beautiful voice that captivates the audience.
Ella tiene una voz hermosa que cautiva a la audiencia.
B2 noun /vɜːrdʒ/

Verge

borde; límite; umbral
Meaning
the edge or border of something; very close to happening
Example
She was on the verge of tears.
Ella estaba al borde de las lágrimas.
C1 noun /veɪl/

vale

valle
Meaning
A valley, often used in a poetic or literary sense.
Example
The village lay hidden in a quiet green vale.
El pueblo estaba oculto en un tranquilo valle verde.
B1 adjective /ˈvɪz.ə.bəl/

Visible

visible; claro; aparente
Meaning
able to be seen; noticeable; apparent
Example
The mountain peak was clearly visible from our hotel room.
El pico de la montaña era claramente visible desde nuestra habitación del hotel.
C2 adjective ˌvɪz.ju.oʊˈspeɪ.ʃəl

visuospatial

Relacionado con la comprensión de la relación entre el espacio y los objetos a través de la visión
Meaning
Related to understanding the relationship between space and objects through vision.
Example
Good visuospatial skills are important for architecture and design.
Las buenas habilidades visualespaciales son importantes para la arquitectura y el diseño.
B2 adjective /ˈvɜː.sə.taɪl/

versatile

versátil
Meaning
Able to adapt or be adapted to many different functions or activities; having many uses or applications.
Example
He is a versatile musician who can play multiple instruments.
Él es un músico versátil que puede tocar múltiples instrumentos.
C1 noun ˈvæljuː beɪst ˌɛdjuːˈkeɪʃən

value-based education

educación basada en valores
Meaning
Education that emphasizes moral principles and ethical values.
Example
Value-based education shapes moral character.
La educación basada en valores moldea el carácter moral.
C2 noun /vəˈliːɪti/

velleity

deseo débil
Meaning
A wish or inclination not strong enough to lead to action.
Example
His interest in painting never grew beyond a mere velleity.
Su interés en la pintura nunca creció más allá de un mero deseo débil.
C1 noun ˌvæljuˈeɪʃən

valuation

valoración
Meaning
An estimation of the worth of something.
Example
The valuation of the property was much higher than expected.
La valoración de la propiedad fue mucho más alta de lo esperado.
B1 noun /ˈviː.ɪ.kəlz/

Vehicles

vehículos
Meaning
machines used for transporting people or goods from one place to another
Example
There are many different types of vehicles on the road today.
Hoy en día hay muchos tipos de vehículos en la carretera.
B2 noun /ˌvaɪ.əˈleɪ.ʃən/

Violation

violación; infracción de reglas
Meaning
the action of violating someone or something; the action of breaking or failing to comply with a rule or formal agreement
Example
The company was fined for violation of environmental regulations.
La empresa fue multada por violar las regulaciones ambientales.
C2 adjective /ˈviːnəl/

venal

corrupto
Meaning
willing to do dishonest things in return for money; corrupt
Example
The politician was accused of being venal and corrupt.
El político fue acusado de ser venal y corrupto.
B2 adjective /ˈvɪv.ɪd/

Vivid

vivo; brillante; claro;
Meaning
producing powerful feelings or strong, clear images in the mind; bright and intense
Example
She has vivid memories of her childhood in the countryside.
Ella tiene recuerdos vívidos de su infancia en el campo.
C2 adjective /ˈvɛntrəl/

ventral

ventral
Meaning
relating to the underside or abdominal part of an animal or organ
Example
The fish has a white ventral surface.
El pez tiene una superficie ventral blanca.
B2 verb /ˈvaɪbreɪt/

vibrate

vibrar
Meaning
To move or cause to move continuously and rapidly back and forth.
Example
The phone began to vibrate on the table.
El teléfono comenzó a vibrar sobre la mesa.
C1 noun /ˈves.tɪdʒ/

Vestige

vestigio
Meaning
a trace or remnant of something that is disappearing or no longer exists
Example
No vestige of the ancient city remains.
No queda ningún vestigio de la antigua ciudad.
C1 adjective /ˈvæljənt/

Valiant

valiente; heroico
Meaning
showing courage or determination; brave and heroic
Example
The valiant soldier fought bravely to protect his country.
El valiente soldado luchó valientemente para proteger su país.
B2 noun /ˈveɪ.kən.si/

Vacancy

vacante; un espacio o puesto vacío
Meaning
an unoccupied position or job; an empty space or room
Example
There is a vacancy for a software engineer in our company.
Hay una vacante para un ingeniero de software en nuestra empresa.
B2 noun /veɪn/

Vein

vena; nervio
Meaning
a blood vessel that carries blood back to the heart; a streak or marking of a different color
Example
The nurse found a vein in his arm to draw blood.
La enfermera encontró una vena en su brazo para sacar sangre.
B2 noun /ˌvɛrɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/

verification

verificación
Meaning
The process of establishing the truth, accuracy, or validity of something.
Example
The bank requires verification of identity before opening an account.
El banco requiere verificación de identidad antes de abrir una cuenta.
C2 noun /ˈvɛrɪti/

verity

veracidad
Meaning
a true principle or belief; the state of being true
Example
The verity of his statement was confirmed by evidence.
La veracidad de su declaración fue confirmada por evidencia.
C1 noun /ˈviːəməns/

Vehemence

vehemencia; intensidad de sentimientos o expresión
Meaning
great forcefulness or intensity of feeling or expression; passionate conviction
Example
He argued with such vehemence that everyone was surprised.
Discutió con tal vehemencia que todos se sorprendieron.
B2 adjective /veɪɡ/

Vague

vago; incierto
Meaning
unclear or uncertain in meaning; not clearly expressed
Example
His explanation was too vague for me to understand.
Su explicación fue demasiado vaga para que yo pudiera entenderla.
C2 noun /ˈvæləns/

valance

volante decorativo
Meaning
A decorative drapery hung across the top of a window or bed.
Example
She chose a floral valance to match the curtains in her bedroom.
Ella eligió un volante floral para combinar con las cortinas de su dormitorio.
C1 adjective /ˈviːəmənt/

Vehement

vehemente; intenso; apasionado; enérgico
Meaning
showing strong feeling; forceful; passionate; intense
Example
She gave a vehement denial of the accusations.
Ella dio una negación vehemente de las acusaciones.
B2 adjective /væst/

Vast

enorme; vasto; extenso
Meaning
extremely large in size, amount, or extent; immense
Example
The vast ocean stretched endlessly to the horizon.
El vasto océano se extendió hasta el horizonte.
B1 abbreviation /vərsəs/

vs

contra
Meaning
used to indicate opposition or contrast between two things
Example
The match was Brazil vs Argentina in the final.
El partido fue Brasil contra Argentina en la final.
A2 noun /vəˈkæbjʊləri/

vocabulary

vocabulario
Meaning
the set of words known and used by a person, group, or language; the words used in a particular field or subject
Example
Reading every day helps improve your vocabulary.
Leer todos los días ayuda a mejorar tu vocabulario.
A2 noun /ˈvedʒtəbəl ɔɪl/

Vegetable oil

aceite vegetal
Meaning
Oil extracted from plants, seeds, or nuts used for cooking
Example
She heated vegetable oil in the pan before adding the vegetables.
Ella calentó aceite vegetal en la sartén antes de agregar las verduras.
A2 noun /væn/

van

furgoneta
Meaning
a large vehicle used for transporting goods or people
Example
The delivery van stopped in front of our house.
La furgoneta de entrega se detuvo frente a nuestra casa.
B1 noun /ˈvæl.i/

Valley

valle
Meaning
a low area of land between hills or mountains
Example
The green valley stretched for miles between the mountains.
El verde valle se extendía por millas entre las montañas.
C2 adverb /ˈvɛrɪli/

verily

verdaderamente
Meaning
truly; certainly; without a doubt
Example
Verily, I say unto you, this is the truth.
Verdaderamente, os digo, esto es la verdad.
B1 noun /ˈvɜːr.ʒən/

Version

versión; forma; relato
Meaning
a particular form or variation of something; an account of an event
Example
This is the latest version of the software.
Esta es la última versión del software.
C2 adjective /ˈvɑːlətɪv/

volitive

volitivo
Meaning
Relating to the will or the exercise of the will.
Example
The treaty was signed under volitive agreement between both nations.
El tratado fue firmado bajo un acuerdo volitivo entre ambas naciones.
C1 noun /ˈvɪɡər/

vigor

vigor
Meaning
Physical strength, energy, or enthusiasm.
Example
She tackled the project with great vigor and determination.
Ella abordó el proyecto con gran vigor y determinación.
C2 noun /ˈvɛləm/

vellum

pergamino
Meaning
a fine parchment made originally from the skin of a calf, used for writing or printing
Example
The ancient manuscript was written on vellum.
El antiguo manuscrito fue escrito en pergamino.
C2 noun /vɜːrv/

verve

energía
Meaning
Great enthusiasm, spirit, or energy in expression or performance.
Example
The actor performed his role with remarkable verve.
El actor realizó su papel con notable energía.
B2 adjective /ˈveɪ.kənt/

Vacant

vacío; no ocupado; disponible
Meaning
empty; not occupied; available
Example
There is a vacant apartment on the second floor.
Hay un apartamento vacío en el segundo piso.
B1 noun /vaɪəˈlɪn/

Violin

violín
Meaning
a musical instrument with four strings that is played with a bow
Example
She plays the violin beautifully in the orchestra.
Ella toca el violín hermosamente en la orquesta.
C1 adjective /ˈvɑːlətl/

volatile

volátil
Meaning
likely to change rapidly and unpredictably, especially for the worse
Example
The stock market is extremely volatile these days.
El mercado de valores es extremadamente volátil estos días.
C1 noun /væt/

vat

gran recipiente
Meaning
A large container used for holding liquids such as dye or wine.
Example
The workers filled the vat with freshly pressed grape juice.
Los trabajadores llenaron el gran recipiente con jugo de uva recién exprimido.
C2 adjective /ˌvælɪˈdɪktəri/

valedictory

de despedida
Meaning
Serving as a farewell or parting; relating to a valediction.
Example
He delivered a valedictory speech at the conference.
Él dio un discurso de despedida en la conferencia.
C2 noun /ˈvɪrjʊləns/

virulence

virulencia
Meaning
The severity or harmfulness of a disease or poison.
Example
Scientists studied the virulence of the new virus strain.
Los científicos estudiaron la virulencia de la nueva cepa de virus.
C1 verb /vɪə(r)/

veer

cambiar de dirección
Meaning
to change direction suddenly
Example
The car veered off the road to avoid the accident.
El coche viró fuera de la carretera para evitar el accidente.
A2 verb /voʊt/

vote

votar
Meaning
to make a choice in an election; to express preference
Example
Citizens vote to choose their representatives.
Los ciudadanos votan para elegir a sus representantes.
C1 noun /ˈvɔːrtɛks/

vortex

vórtice
Meaning
A mass of whirling fluid or air, especially a whirlpool or whirlwind.
Example
The plane was caught in a dangerous vortex of air.
El avión fue atrapado en un peligroso vórtice de aire.
B1 adjective /ˈvælɪd/

Valid

válido; aceptable legal o oficialmente
Meaning
legally or officially acceptable; having a sound basis in logic or fact
Example
The passport is valid for ten years.
El pasaporte es válido por diez años.
C2 adjective /ˈvɪtriəs/

vitreous

vítreo
Meaning
having a glass-like appearance or quality
Example
The mineral has a vitreous shine.
El mineral tiene un brillo vítreo.
C2 noun /ˌvælədɪkˈtɔːriən/

valedictorian

mejor estudiante
Meaning
The student with the highest academic achievements in a graduating class, often chosen to give the farewell speech.
Example
She was honored as the valedictorian of her class.
Fue honrada como la mejor estudiante de su clase.
C1 adjective /ˈvɛdʒɪtətɪv/

vegetative

relacionado con el crecimiento o los procesos básicos de la vida
Meaning
relating to growth or the basic processes of life, often without conscious thought or activity
Example
The patient remained in a vegetative state after the accident.
El paciente permaneció en un estado vegetativo después del accidente.