uncouch
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C2 verb /ʌnˈkaʊtʃ/

uncouch

sacar del sofá (uso raro)
Meaning
to remove from a couch or to release from being laid down (rare/archaic usage)
Example
The surgeon attempted to uncouch the cataract.
El cirujano intentó sacar la catarata.
B1 noun /ruːˈtiːn/

routine

rutina, hábito, secuencia fija
Meaning
A sequence of actions regularly followed; a fixed program.
Example
A well-structured routine improves productivity.
Una rutina bien estructurada mejora la productividad.
C1 adjective /ˌsaɪkəˈpæθɪk/

psychopathic

psicópata
Meaning
Relating to or affected by psychopathy; showing chronic mental disorder with abnormal or violent behavior.
Example
The film portrayed a psychopathic killer with no sense of empathy.
La película retrataba a un asesino psicópata sin ningún sentido de empatía.
C1 adjective /kəˈləʊ.kwi.əl/

colloquial

coloquial
Meaning
Used in ordinary conversation rather than formal speech or writing; informal language.
Example
His colloquial expressions made the speech relatable.
Sus expresiones coloquiales hicieron que el discurso fuera más accesible.
B2 noun /ˈkɒm.pɒ.stɪŋ/

composting

compostaje
Meaning
The process of recycling organic waste into fertile fertilizer.
Example
Composting reduces waste and enhances soil fertility.
El compostaje reduce los desechos y mejora la fertilidad del suelo.
B2 noun /rɪˌlaɪəˈbɪləti/

reliability

fiabilidad
Meaning
the quality of being trustworthy or performing consistently well
Example
Customers value the reliability of our service.
Los clientes valoran la fiabilidad de nuestro servicio.
A2 noun /pɪn/

pin

alfiler
Meaning
a small thin piece of metal used to fasten or hold things together
Example
She used a pin to attach the note to the board.
Ella usó un alfiler para fijar la nota en la pizarra.
C2 noun /ˈpjuː.pɪ.lɪdʒ/

pupilage

estado de pupilo
Meaning
The state of being a pupil or under instruction.
Example
During his pupilage, he studied law under a senior barrister.
Durante su pupilaje, estudió derecho bajo un barrister senior.
B1 adjective /kəˈmɪtɪd/

committed

comprometido
Meaning
Dedicated and loyal to a cause, activity, or relationship.
Example
She is a committed teacher who cares deeply for her students.
Ella es una maestra comprometida que cuida profundamente a sus estudiantes.
B2 noun /ˈsɑːrdʒənt/

sergeant

sargento
Meaning
A rank of non-commissioned officer in the armed forces or police.
Example
The sergeant gave orders to the soldiers before the mission.
El sargento dio órdenes a los soldados antes de la misión.
C1 verb /riˈdʒɔɪn/

rejoin

reunirse de nuevo
Meaning
to join again or return to a group, place, or activity
Example
After a short break, she decided to rejoin the team.
Después de una breve pausa, decidió reunirse de nuevo con el equipo.
C1 noun /kənˈtɛnʃən/

contention

contienda, desacuerdo
Meaning
heated disagreement or argument; a point asserted in debate
Example
The main contention between the two parties was over tax reform.
La principal contienda entre las dos partes fue sobre la reforma fiscal.
C1 verb /bɪˈstoʊ/

bestow

otorgar
Meaning
To give or present something as a gift or honor.
Example
The king bestowed honors upon the brave soldiers.
El rey otorgó honores a los valientes soldados.
A1 noun ˈflaʊərz

Flowers

flor
Meaning
The reproductive structures of plants that provide nectar for butterflies.
Example
Butterflies are attracted to colorful flowers.
Las mariposas se sienten atraídas por las flores coloridas.
C1 adjective /ˈɡrɪz.li/

grisly

espantoso
Meaning
causing horror or disgust
Example
The police discovered a grisly scene at the crime site.
La policía descubrió una escena espantosa en el lugar del crimen.
C1 noun /ˈdɒɡmə/

dogma

dogma
Meaning
A principle or set of principles laid down by an authority as incontrovertibly true.
Example
The religious leader strictly adhered to traditional dogma.
El líder religioso se adhirió estrictamente al dogma tradicional.
B1 adjective /ˈdʒɛnjʊɪn/

genuine

genuino
Meaning
real and authentic; not fake or artificial
Example
This is a genuine leather bag.
Este es un bolso de cuero genuino.
C2 noun /ˈproʊtoʊˌplæzəm/

protoplasm

protoplasma
Meaning
The living substance inside a cell, including the cytoplasm and nucleus.
Example
Scientists observed the movement of protoplasm under the microscope.
Los científicos observaron el movimiento del protoplasma bajo el microscopio.
C1 noun /djʊˈrɛs/

duress

coacción
Meaning
threats, violence, or pressure used to force someone to do something
Example
She signed the contract under duress.
Ella firmó el contrato bajo coacción.
C2 noun /ˈsɒfɪstri/

sophistry

sofistería
Meaning
the use of clever but false arguments, often to deceive
Example
The politician's speech was full of sophistry.
El discurso del político estaba lleno de sofistería.
C1 verb /ˈrɛlɪɡeɪt/

relegate

relegar
Meaning
to assign to a lower rank, position, or category
Example
The manager decided to relegate the player to the bench.
El gerente decidió relegar al jugador al banco.
C1 adjective /ʌnˈtʃælɪndʒd/

Unchallenged

incontestable; aceptado sin oposición; sin rival
Meaning
not disputed or questioned; accepted without opposition; having no rival
Example
He remained the unchallenged champion for five years.
Él permaneció como el campeón indiscutido durante cinco años.
C2 verb /əˈkriːt/

accrete

acumularse
Meaning
to grow or increase gradually by accumulation or addition
Example
Dust particles accrete over time to form larger celestial bodies.
Las partículas de polvo se acumulan con el tiempo para formar cuerpos celestes más grandes.
B2 verb /boʊlt/

bolt

correr de repente; asegurar algo con un perno
Meaning
To move suddenly and quickly; also to fasten something with a bolt.
Example
The horse bolted from the stable after hearing a loud noise.
El caballo salió disparado del establo al escuchar un ruido fuerte.
C1 verb /ˈvæŋkwɪʃ/

vanquish

vencer
Meaning
to defeat thoroughly, especially in battle or competition
Example
The army vanquished its enemies with superior strategy.
El ejército venció a sus enemigos con una estrategia superior.
C1 adjective /miːk/

Meek

suave y sumiso; humilde; paciente
Meaning
gentle and submissive; humble; patient
Example
Despite his power, he remained meek and humble.
A pesar de su poder, se mantuvo manso y humilde.
C1 noun /ˈkwɔːrəm/

quorum

quórum
Meaning
The minimum number of members needed to conduct official business in a meeting.
Example
The board meeting was postponed because there was no quorum.
La reunión de la junta fue pospuesta porque no había quórum.
B1 noun /rɪˈkʌvəri/

recovery

recuperación
Meaning
the process of recovering or returning to a normal state
Example
The patient is in recovery after the surgery.
El paciente está en recuperación después de la cirugía.
C1 noun /ˈtrɪkstər/

trickster

embaucador
Meaning
A person who cheats or deceives people.
Example
The old man turned out to be a clever trickster who fooled everyone.
El anciano resultó ser un astuto embaucador que engañó a todos.
C2 noun /ˈfaɪləm/

phylum

un categoría principal en la clasificación biológica, por encima de la clase y por debajo del reino
Meaning
a primary category in the biological classification of organisms, above class and below kingdom
Example
Humans belong to the phylum Chordata.
Los humanos pertenecen al filo Chordata.
C2 adjective /ˈkɒr.ə.ɡeɪ.tɪd/

corrugated

ondulado o doblado
Meaning
shaped into ridges and grooves; wrinkled or folded
Example
The roof was made of corrugated metal sheets.
El techo estaba hecho de hojas de metal corrugado.
B2 adverb /ˈden.sli/

densely

densamente
Meaning
In a closely compacted or crowded manner.
Example
The area is densely covered with trees.
El área está densamente cubierta de árboles.
C2 noun /ˈmɪsəleɪni/

miscellany

miscelánea
Meaning
A collection or mixture of various things.
Example
The book is a miscellany of essays and poems.
El libro es una miscelánea de ensayos y poemas.
B1 noun /rɪˈzɔː.sɪz/

resources

recursos
Meaning
A stock or supply of money, materials, staff, and other assets.
Example
The region was rich in herbal resources.
La región estaba rica en recursos herbales.
C1 adjective /ˈdjuːtɪfəl/

Dutiful

cumplidor; respetuoso; obediente
Meaning
conscientiously fulfilling one's duty; obedient; respectful
Example
She is a dutiful daughter who always helps her parents.
Ella es una hija cumplidora que siempre ayuda a sus padres.
A1 verb /faɪnd/

find

encontrar
Meaning
to discover or locate something that was lost or hidden
Example
I can't find my keys anywhere.
No puedo encontrar mis llaves en ninguna parte.
B2 noun /ˈklɪərəns/

clearance

autorización / permiso
Meaning
official permission or authorization; the removal of something unwanted; the distance between two objects
Example
The pilot received clearance to land the plane.
El piloto recibió autorización para aterrizar el avión.
A1 noun /dɛsk/

desk

escritorio
Meaning
a piece of furniture with a flat surface used for writing or working
Example
The books are on the desk.
Los libros están en el escritorio.
C2 adjective /ɪˈkwɪvəkəl/

equivocal

ambiguo
Meaning
Open to more than one interpretation; ambiguous.
Example
His equivocal answer confused everyone.
Su respuesta ambigua confundió a todos.
C1 adjective /kənˈtɪɡ.ju.əs/

contiguous

contiguo
Meaning
sharing a common border; touching
Example
The two continguous houses shared a wall.
Las dos casas contiguas compartieron una pared.
B2 noun/verb /dɪˈpɑːzɪt/

deposit

depósito, anticipo
Meaning
to place money in a bank account, or a sum paid in advance as security; a layer of material left naturally
Example
She deposited $500 into her savings account.
Ella depositó $500 en su cuenta de ahorros.
C1 verb /ˈʃækəl/

shackle

esposar
Meaning
to chain or restrain; to restrict someone’s actions or freedom
Example
Outdated regulations shackle small businesses and slow innovation.
Las regulaciones anticuadas encadenan a las pequeñas empresas y ralentizan la innovación.
A2 verb /riːtʃ/

reach

alcanzar
Meaning
to arrive at a destination; to extend one's arm to touch something
Example
We will reach the station in ten minutes.
Llegaremos a la estación en diez minutos.
C1 adjective /ˈskwɒlɪd/

squalid

extremadamente sucio
Meaning
extremely dirty and unpleasant, often due to poverty or neglect
Example
He lived in a squalid room with broken furniture.
Vivía en una habitación sucia con muebles rotos.
C1 noun /ˈliːdʒən/

legion

un gran grupo de personas, especialmente soldados; un gran número
Meaning
a large group of people, especially soldiers; a great number
Example
The Roman army was divided into legions.
El ejército romano se dividió en legiones.
C2 noun /ˈɜːrtʃɪn/

urchin

niño travieso de la calle
Meaning
a mischievous or poorly dressed child, often from the streets
Example
The ragged urchins played by the riverbank.
Los niños callejeros con ropa rasgada jugaban junto al río.
C1 adjective /ˌɪnɪkˈsplɪkəbl/

inexplicable

inexplicable
Meaning
Impossible to explain or understand.
Example
The sudden disappearance of the file was inexplicable.
La repentina desaparición del archivo fue inexplicable.
C2 noun /ˈbɜːrsər/

bursar

tesorero
Meaning
An official in a school or college responsible for financial affairs.
Example
The bursar approved the budget for the new library.
El tesorero aprobó el presupuesto para la nueva biblioteca.
C2 noun /səˈɡæs.ə.t̬i/

sagacity

sabiduría profunda
Meaning
The quality of being sagacious; having or showing keen mental discernment and good judgment.
Example
His sagacity made him a great leader.
Su sagacidad lo convirtió en un gran líder.
B2 adjective /ʌnˈsteɪbəl/

Unstable

inestable
Meaning
likely to change; not steady or secure; unsteady
Example
The unstable economy made people worried about their jobs.
La economía inestable hizo que las personas se preocuparan por sus trabajos.
B1 noun /ɪɡˌzæm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/

examination

examen
Meaning
a formal test of knowledge or ability
Example
She is preparing for her final examination.
Ella está preparándose para su examen final.
C1 adjective /əˈnæl.ə.ɡəs/

analogous

análogo
Meaning
Comparable in certain respects, typically in a way that makes clearer the nature of things being compared.
Example
The human brain is analogous to a supercomputer.
El cerebro humano es análogo a una supercomputadora.
C2 noun /ˌpoʊpʊˈriː/

potpourri

mezcla de flores secas
Meaning
a mixture of dried flowers and spices kept in a bowl to perfume a room; a miscellaneous collection
Example
The living room was filled with the scent of potpourri.
La sala de estar estaba llena con el aroma del potpourri.
B1 noun /ˈfɛloʊ/

fellow

compañero
Meaning
a person who shares a common situation, interest, or activity with another
Example
He is a fellow student in my class.
Él es un compañero de clase en mi clase.
C2 noun /ˈpɪnjən/

pinion

un engranaje pequeño o la parte externa del ala de un pájaro; restringir o inmovilizar
Meaning
a small gear or the outer part of a bird's wing; to restrain or immobilize
Example
The bird's pinion was injured, preventing it from flying.
La pinión del pájaro estaba herida, lo que le impedía volar.
C2 verb /ˈɔːltərˌkeɪt/

altercate

discutir
Meaning
to argue or dispute angrily or noisily
Example
The neighbors began to altercate over the boundary wall.
Los vecinos comenzaron a discutir sobre la pared del límite.
A1 pronoun /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

nothing

nada
Meaning
not anything; no thing
Example
She has nothing to worry about.
Ella no tiene nada de qué preocuparse.
A2 noun səˈsaɪəti

society

sociedad
Meaning
The aggregate of people living together in a more or less ordered community.
Example
Society plays a pivotal role in shaping an individual's values.
La sociedad juega un papel crucial en la formación de los valores de un individuo.
C1 noun, verb /strænd/

strand

hilo / varado
Meaning
Noun: A single thin length of thread, wire, or similar. Verb: To leave someone or something without a way of moving or leaving.
Example
The storm stranded many tourists on the island.
La tormenta dejó a muchos turistas varados en la isla.
C1 noun /trænsˈɡrɛʃən/

transgression

transgresión, delito
Meaning
an act that goes against a law, rule, or code of conduct; a violation or sin
Example
The court forgave his first transgression but warned him not to repeat it.
El tribunal perdonó su primera transgresión pero le advirtió que no la repitiera.
C1 verb /ɪɡˈzɔːlt/

exalt

exaltar, ensalzar
Meaning
to praise highly or raise in rank, honor, or power
Example
The community exalted the teacher for his dedication.
La comunidad exaltó al maestro por su dedicación.
B2 verb /ədˈmɪnɪstər/

administer

administrar
Meaning
to manage or control the running of; to give or apply medicine or treatment
Example
The nurse will administer the vaccine to all patients.
La enfermera administrará la vacuna a todos los pacientes.
C1 noun /ˈmɪl.ɪ.tənt/

Militant

militante
Meaning
A person who uses aggressive or violent methods to promote a political or social cause
Example
The militant group demanded immediate political reforms.
El grupo militante exigió reformas políticas inmediatas.
C1 noun /bɒmˈbɑːrdmənt/

bombardment

bombardeo
Meaning
a continuous attack with bombs or other projectiles
Example
The city endured a heavy bombardment during the war.
La ciudad soportó un fuerte bombardeo durante la guerra.
C1 noun /krəˈvæs/

crevasse

grieta profunda
Meaning
a deep crack in a glacier or the earth’s surface
Example
The climbers carefully crossed the icy crevasse.
Los escaladores cruzaron cuidadosamente la grieta helada.
C2 noun /ˈdʒæz.mɪn/

Jesmine

jazmín
Meaning
a climbing shrub with fragrant white or yellow flowers
Example
The jasmine flowers filled the garden with their sweet fragrance.
Las flores de jazmín llenaron el jardín con su dulce fragancia.
B1 noun /tɔːrˈtiːə/

tortilla

tortilla
Meaning
A thin round flatbread made from corn or wheat, common in Mexican cuisine.
Example
She wrapped the vegetables in a warm tortilla.
Ella envolvió las verduras en una tortilla caliente.
A2 noun /ˈriːdər/

reader

lector
Meaning
a person who reads or who is capable of reading
Example
She is a fast reader, finishing books in a day.
Ella es una lectora rápida, termina libros en un día.
A2 noun, verb /fuːl/

fool

tonto
Meaning
a silly or stupid person; to trick someone
Example
He felt like a fool after believing the prank.
Se sintió como un tonto después de creer en la broma.
B2 adjective ʌnˈprɛsɪˌdɛntɪd

unprecedented

sin precedentes
Meaning
Never done or known before; without previous example.
Example
Unprecedented advancements in science changed human lives.
Los avances sin precedentes en la ciencia cambiaron la vida humana.
B1 noun /soʊl/

Soul

alma
Meaning
the spiritual or immaterial essence of a human being or animal; a person's emotional or intellectual nature
Example
She poured her heart and soul into her artwork.
Ella vertió su corazón y alma en su obra de arte.
B2 noun /dʒɔɪnt/

Joint

articulación; conjunto
Meaning
a point at which parts of the body are connected; shared by two or more people
Example
The joint effort of the team led to the project's success.
El esfuerzo conjunto del equipo llevó al éxito del proyecto.
A1 noun /siː/

Sea

mar
Meaning
a large body of salt water that covers most of the earth's surface
Example
We went swimming in the sea.
Fuimos a nadar en el mar.
B2 noun /ˈstɑːrt.ʌp/

startup

empresa emergente
Meaning
A newly established business, especially a small technology or business company that is just beginning operations.
Example
The startup secured funding from investors.
La startup consiguió financiación de los inversores.
C1 adjective /ˈædʒ.aɪl/

agile

rápido y flexible
Meaning
able to move quickly and easily; quick and adaptable in thinking or action
Example
The startup team was agile in responding to market changes.
El equipo de la startup fue ágil al responder a los cambios del mercado.
B2 adjective /ˈbraʊn.ɪʃ/

Brownish

marrón
Meaning
having a color somewhat like brown; tending toward brown
Example
The old paper had a brownish tint from age.
El papel viejo tenía un tinte marrón debido a la edad.
B2 noun /ɪnˈθuziæst/

enthusiast

entusiasta
Meaning
a person who is very interested in a particular activity or subject
Example
He is a football enthusiast and watches every match.
Él es un entusiasta del fútbol y ve cada partido.
B1 noun /ˈpɑr.dən/

Pardon

perdón; excusa;
Meaning
forgiveness; the action of forgiving or being forgiven for an error or offense
Example
I beg your pardon for interrupting the meeting.
Te pido perdón por interrumpir la reunión.
C2 noun /əˈɡrɒnəmi/

agronomy

Agronomía
Meaning
The science and practice of soil management and crop production, focusing on the principles of plant and soil science to optimize agricultural productivity.
Example
Agronomy focuses on soil management and crop production.
La agronomía se enfoca en la gestión del suelo y la producción de cultivos.
B2 noun /ˈfjuːʒən/

fusion

fusión
Meaning
the process or result of joining two or more things together to form a single entity
Example
The restaurant offers a unique fusion of Asian and European cuisines.
El restaurante ofrece una fusión única de cocinas asiática y europea.
B2 noun /ˌdaɪəɡˈnoʊsɪs/

diagnosis

diagnóstico
Meaning
The identification of a disease, condition, or problem through examination of symptoms.
Example
The diagnosis confirmed that she had diabetes.
El diagnóstico confirmó que ella tenía diabetes.
A2 noun /waɪn/

wine

vino
Meaning
an alcoholic drink made from fermented grapes or other fruits
Example
They served a glass of red wine at the dinner.
Ellos sirvieron una copa de vino tinto en la cena.
C1 noun, verb, adjective /ˈæɡ.rɪ.ɡət/ (noun/adjective), /ˈæɡ.rɪ.ɡeɪt/ (verb)

aggregate

agregado, conjunto
Meaning
A whole formed by combining several elements; to combine into a total.
Example
The data was aggregated to provide a clearer picture of the market.
Los datos fueron agregados para proporcionar una imagen más clara del mercado.
C2 verb /ˌsuːpərɪnˈtɛnd/

superintend

supervisar
Meaning
to oversee and direct the work or operation of something
Example
She was hired to superintend the construction project.
Ella fue contratada para supervisar el proyecto de construcción.
C1 noun səˌfɪs.tɪˈkeɪ.ʃən

sophistication

nivel alto de complejidad o refinamiento
Meaning
High level of complexity or refinement.
Example
The sophistication of modern AI technology is remarkable.
La sofisticación de la tecnología moderna de IA es notable.
C1 noun /ˈəʊ.nəs/

onus

responsabilidad
Meaning
A duty or responsibility, especially a heavy one.
Example
The onus is on the government to provide relief to the victims.
El ónus está en el gobierno para proporcionar alivio a las víctimas.
C2 adjective səˈluː.bri.əs

salubrious

saludable
Meaning
Health-giving; healthy; promoting health and well-being.
Example
The mountain air is salubrious and refreshing.
El aire de la montaña es saludable y refrescante.
B2 adjective /ˌʌnəˈveɪləbəl/

unavailable

no disponible
Meaning
Not able to be obtained, reached, or used; not present or accessible.
Example
The manager was unavailable to take calls during the meeting.
El gerente no estaba disponible para atender llamadas durante la reunión.
C2 noun /ɪmˈpjuːɪsəns/

impuissance

impotencia, incapacidad
Meaning
inability to take effective action; helplessness
Example
The government’s impuissance in the face of crisis frustrated the people.
La impotencia del gobierno ante la crisis frustró al pueblo.
B1 noun /weɪv/

Wave

ola; onda
Meaning
a moving ridge on the surface of water; a gesture of greeting or farewell
Example
The surfer rode the big wave all the way to the shore.
El surfista montó la gran ola hasta la orilla.
A2 noun /ˈpoʊɪm/

poem

poema
Meaning
a piece of writing that expresses ideas, feelings, or tells a story in a distinct form, often using rhyme or meter
Example
She wrote a beautiful poem for her mother.
Ella escribió un hermoso poema para su madre.
B2 verb /triːd/

tread

pisar
Meaning
to step or walk on something; to crush with feet
Example
Don't tread on the flowers.
No pises las flores.
B2 noun /ˈkæməˌflɑːʒ/

camouflage

camuflaje
Meaning
the act of hiding or disguising something by making it blend with its surroundings
Example
The soldiers used camouflage to hide from the enemy.
Los soldados usaron camuflaje para esconderse del enemigo.
B2 noun /ˈsɪnənɪm/

Synonym

sinónimo
Meaning
a word or phrase that means exactly or nearly the same as another word or phrase in the same language
Example
Happy and joyful are synonyms.
Feliz y alegre son sinónimos.
A2 verb /daɪ/

die

morir
Meaning
to stop living; to cease to exist
Example
The flowers will die without water.
Las flores morirán sin agua.
B2 noun /ˌdɪstrɪˈbjuːʃən/

distribution

distribución
Meaning
the act of sharing or delivering something to multiple people or places
Example
The company manages the distribution of food supplies to rural areas.
La empresa gestiona la distribución de suministros de alimentos a áreas rurales.
A1 verb /ˈoʊpən/

open

abrir
Meaning
to move something so as to allow access; to begin
Example
Please open the door for me.
por favor abre la puerta para mí.
A2 noun /vəˈkæbjʊləri/

vocabulary

vocabulario
Meaning
the set of words known and used by a person, group, or language; the words used in a particular field or subject
Example
Reading every day helps improve your vocabulary.
Leer todos los días ayuda a mejorar tu vocabulario.
B1 noun /ˈreɪlˌroʊd/

railroad

vía férrea
Meaning
a track or system of tracks made of steel rails along which trains run
Example
The railroad connects the city to several nearby towns.
La vía férrea conecta la ciudad con varios pueblos cercanos.
C1 adjective /dɪˈplɔːrəbl/

deplorable

despreciable
Meaning
deserving strong condemnation; shockingly bad in quality
Example
The refugees were living in deplorable conditions.
Los refugiados vivían en condiciones deplorables.
C2 verb /ˈfrʌktɪˌfaɪ/

fructify

fructificar
Meaning
To make fruitful or productive; to bear fruit.
Example
The new policies will help fructify the economic potential of the region.
Las nuevas políticas ayudarán a fructificar el potencial económico de la región.
C2 adjective /dʒərˈmeɪn/

germane

relevante
Meaning
Relevant and appropriate to the subject being considered.
Example
Her comments were not germane to the discussion.
Sus comentarios no eran relevantes para la discusión.
B1 adjective /kənˈtroʊld/

controlled

controlado
Meaning
managed or regulated carefully; kept within limits
Example
The experiment was conducted in a controlled environment.
El experimento se realizó en un entorno controlado.
C1 adjective ˌnɒnˈvɜːr.bəl

nonverbal

no verbal
Meaning
Communication using body language, facial expressions, or gestures instead of words
Example
Nonverbal cues play a crucial role in effective communication.
Las señales no verbales juegan un papel crucial en la comunicación efectiva.
C2 noun /ˈfɔːrʃɔːr/

foreshore

orilla
Meaning
The part of the shore between the high and low tide marks
Example
Children were playing on the foreshore, collecting shells.
Los niños estaban jugando en la orilla, recogiendo conchas.
B2 noun /sɪɡˈnɪf.ɪ.kəns/

Significance

significado
Meaning
the quality of being worthy of attention; importance
Example
The discovery has great significance for medical research.
El descubrimiento tiene gran importancia para la investigación médica.
C2 noun /dreɪk/

Drake

pato macho
Meaning
a male duck; a type of waterfowl
Example
The drake led his family of ducks across the pond.
El drake llevó a su familia de patos a través del estanque.
C2 adjective /daɪˈdæktɪk/

didactic

didáctico
Meaning
Intended to teach, often with a moral lesson.
Example
The novel is not just entertaining but also didactic in nature.
La novela no solo es entretenida, sino también didáctica por naturaleza.
C2 verb /ˈbaʊdləˌraɪz/

bowdlerize

eliminar partes ofensivas
Meaning
to remove or modify parts of a text considered offensive or inappropriate
Example
The editor bowdlerized the novel to make it suitable for children.
El editor boudlerizó la novela para hacerla adecuada para los niños.
C1 noun /ˌloʊ.kəˈmoʊ.tɪv/

locomotive

locomotora
Meaning
A powered rail vehicle used for pulling trains.
Example
The old steam locomotive was restored for the museum.
La antigua locomotora de vapor fue restaurada para el museo.
B2 verb /fɔːrdʒ/

forge

forjar, falsificar
Meaning
to create or shape something, often with effort or skill; also to counterfeit or fake something
Example
The blacksmith forged a strong sword from the iron.
El herrero forjó una espada fuerte con el hierro.
C1 adjective ˌkɑːr.sɪ.nəˈdʒen.ɪk

carcinogenic

carcinógeno
Meaning
Having the potential to cause cancer in living tissue.
Example
Processed meat contains carcinogenic compounds.
La carne procesada contiene compuestos carcinógenos.
B2 verb /ˈpɪnpɔɪnt/

pinpoint

localizar con precisión
Meaning
to locate or identify something with precision
Example
The detective was able to pinpoint the exact location of the suspect.
El detective fue capaz de localizar la ubicación exacta del sospechoso.
C1 noun /ˈskeɪp.ɡəʊt/

Scapegoat

chivo expiatorio
Meaning
a person who is blamed for the wrongdoings, mistakes, or faults of others
Example
He became the scapegoat for the team's poor performance.
Se convirtió en el chivo expiatorio del pobre rendimiento del equipo.
C2 verb /ɪɡˈzɪləreɪt/

exhilarate

exaltar
Meaning
To make someone feel very happy, animated, or excited.
Example
The mountain view exhilarated the travelers.
La vista de la montaña exaltó a los viajeros.
C2 adjective /ˈroʊziət/

roseate

rosado, optimista
Meaning
Having a pink color; optimistic or idealistic.
Example
She looked at the future with roseate optimism.
Ella miró al futuro con un optimismo rosado.
C1 noun /ˌtes.tɪˈmoʊ.ni.əl/

Testimonial

testimonio
Meaning
a formal statement testifying to someone's character and qualifications
Example
The professor wrote a glowing testimonial for her former student.
El profesor escribió un brillante testimonio para su exalumna.
B1 noun /ˈbed ʃiːt/

Bed sheet

sábana
Meaning
a large rectangular piece of cloth used as bedding to lie on or under
Example
The clean white bed sheet felt soft against her skin.
La sábana blanca y limpia se sintió suave contra su piel.
B1 noun ɪnˈvestmənt

investment

inversión
Meaning
The action or process of investing money for profit or material result.
Example
Investment in waste management infrastructure is essential.
La inversión en infraestructura de gestión de residuos es esencial.
C1 verb/adjective /ˈɡræspɪŋ/

grasping

agarrando / codicioso
Meaning
Holding firmly; or (as an adjective) excessively greedy.
Example
The child was grasping her mother’s hand tightly.
El niño estaba agarrando fuertemente la mano de su madre.
B1 adjective /ˌoʊld ˈfæʃənd/

old-fashioned

anticuado
Meaning
not modern; belonging to an earlier time
Example
He still wears an old-fashioned hat.
Él todavía usa un sombrero anticuado.