talk
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A1 verb /tɔːk/

talk

hablar
Meaning
to speak; to communicate by speaking; to discuss
Example
Let's talk about your future plans.
Hablemos sobre tus planes futuros.
B1 noun /ɛr pəˈluːʃən/

air pollution

contaminación del aire
Meaning
The presence of harmful or poisonous substances in the air, typically caused by industrial processes, vehicle emissions, or other human activities.
Example
Air pollution from factories led to the first environmental movement.
La contaminación del aire de las fábricas dio lugar al primer movimiento ambiental.
C1 noun /ˌdʒʌkstəpəˈzɪʃən/

juxtaposition

yuxtaposición
Meaning
The fact of two things being seen or placed close together with contrasting effect.
Example
The juxtaposition of light and dark colors created a dramatic effect.
La yuxtaposición de los colores claros y oscuros creó un efecto dramático.
B2 noun /buˈkeɪ/

Bouquet

ramo de flores
Meaning
an attractively arranged bunch of flowers, especially one presented as a gift or carried at a ceremony
Example
The bride carried a beautiful bouquet of white roses down the aisle.
La novia llevó un hermoso ramo de rosas blancas por el pasillo.
C2 adjective /ˈslʌvənli/

slovenly

desordenado
Meaning
Untidy or careless in appearance, habits, or work.
Example
His slovenly appearance made a bad impression at the interview.
Su apariencia desordenada causó una mala impresión en la entrevista.
B2 noun, adjective /prɪˈmɪər/ or /ˈpriːmiər/

premier

primer ministro / principal
Meaning
the head of government in some countries; first in importance or rank
Example
The French premier addressed the nation.
El primer ministro francés dirigió al país.
B2 adjective /lʌɡˈʒʊəriəs/

luxurious

lujoso
Meaning
extremely comfortable, elegant, or enjoyable, often involving great expense
Example
They stayed in a luxurious hotel during their vacation.
Se hospedaron en un hotel lujoso durante sus vacaciones.
C1 noun /ˈɪmɪnəns/

imminence

inminencia, estado de proximidad
Meaning
the state of being about to happen
Example
The imminence of the storm forced people to take shelter.
La inminencia de la tormenta obligó a la gente a buscar refugio.
C2 verb /ˌriː.kəˈnɔɪ.tər/

reconnoiter

reconocer
Meaning
to make a preliminary inspection or survey, especially of an area for military or strategic purposes
Example
The soldiers reconnoitered the area before advancing.
Los soldados reconocieron el área antes de avanzar.
C1 verb /ˌriː.ɪˈstæblɪʃ/

reestablish

restablecer
Meaning
to set up or restore something again after it has been disrupted
Example
The government worked hard to reestablish peace in the region.
El gobierno trabajó arduamente para restablecer la paz en la región.
C1 adjective /ˈprɒdɪɡəl/

prodigal

derrochador
Meaning
spending money or resources freely and recklessly; wastefully extravagant
Example
The prodigal son returned home after wasting his inheritance.
El hijo pródigo regresó a casa después de malgastar su herencia.
C1 noun ˌkɒm.pjʊˈteɪ.ʃən

computation

cálculo
Meaning
The action of mathematical calculation.
Example
Complex computation is required for AI models.
Se requiere un cálculo complejo para los modelos de IA.
B2 adjective /ˈfʌsi/

fussy

quisquilloso
Meaning
hard to please; very concerned with details
Example
The child is very fussy about what she eats.
La niña es muy quisquillosa con lo que come.
B2 verb praɪˈɒraɪtaɪz

prioritize

priorizar
Meaning
To designate or treat something as more important than other things
Example
Prioritize your tasks to stay efficient.
Prioriza tus tareas para mantenerte eficiente.
C2 adjective /ˈvɒl.jʊ.bəl/

Voluble

hablador; locuaz
Meaning
speaking fluently and readily; talkative; having a continuous flow of words
Example
The voluble salesman talked for hours about his products.
El hablador vendedor habló durante horas sobre sus productos.
C1 verb /skɪmp/

skimp

escatimar
Meaning
to use less of something than is necessary in order to save money or effort
Example
Don’t skimp on quality when buying a new laptop.
No escatimes en calidad al comprar una nueva laptop.
A2 verb /laɪ/

lie

mentir, acostarse
Meaning
to be in a horizontal position; to tell an untruth
Example
The book lies on the table.
El libro está sobre la mesa.
C1 noun /stɛntʃ/

stench

hedor
Meaning
A very strong and unpleasant smell.
Example
The stench of garbage filled the alley.
El hedor de la basura llenó el callejón.
B1 noun /ˈkɒləm/

column

columna
Meaning
A vertical structure that supports a building; also a section of text arranged vertically in a newspaper or table.
Example
The ancient temple had tall marble columns.
El antiguo templo tenía altas columnas de mármol.
A2 noun /ˈdɪfərəns/

difference

diferencia
Meaning
A point or way in which things are not the same.
Example
There is a big difference between theory and practice.
Hay una gran diferencia entre la teoría y la práctica.
C1 adjective /ˈljʊərɪd/

lurid

impactante y sensacional de manera vívida
Meaning
shocking or sensational in a vivid way, often involving crime or violence
Example
The newspaper published a lurid account of the crime.
El periódico publicó una impactante narración del crimen.
B2 verb /ˌoʊvərˈteɪk/

overtake

adelantar
Meaning
to catch up with and pass someone or something; to surpass
Example
The runner managed to overtake his competitor in the final lap.
El corredor logró adelantar a su competidor en la última vuelta.
B2 verb /ɪkˈsɛl/

excel

sobresalir
Meaning
to be exceptionally good at or proficient in an activity or subject
Example
She always tries to excel in her studies.
Ella siempre trata de sobresalir en sus estudios.
C1 verb /rɪˈpiːl/

repeal

derogar
Meaning
To officially cancel or revoke a law or decision.
Example
The government decided to repeal the outdated law.
El gobierno decidió derogar la ley obsoleta.
B2 verb /əˈteɪn/

attain

alcanzar
Meaning
to achieve or reach something
Example
She worked hard to attain her goals.
Ella trabajó duro para alcanzar sus metas.
C1 verb /ɪnˈtɪmɪdeɪt/

intimidate

intimidar
Meaning
To frighten or overawe someone, especially to make them do what one wants.
Example
The bully tried to intimidate the smaller kids.
El matón intentó intimidar a los niños más pequeños.
C1 noun /ɪnˈɛk.wɪ.ti/

inequity

inequidad
Meaning
Lack of fairness or justice; unequal distribution or treatment.
Example
Social inequity continues to be a global issue.
La inequidad social sigue siendo un problema global.
C2 verb /əˈdʒʊər/

adjure

adjuramentar
Meaning
to urge or command someone solemnly, often under oath or a strong sense of duty
Example
The witness was adjured to tell the truth in court.
El testigo fue adjurado a decir la verdad en el tribunal.
B2 noun /skɛtʃ/

sketch

boceto
Meaning
a simple, rough drawing or outline
Example
He made a quick sketch of the landscape.
Él hizo un boceto rápido del paisaje.
C1 noun /weɪ/

Whey

suero
Meaning
the watery part of milk that separates from the curds when making cheese
Example
Whey protein is popular among athletes and bodybuilders.
El proteína de suero es popular entre los atletas y culturistas.
C1 noun ˈflɔː.rə ænd ˈfɔː.nə

flora and fauna

flora y fauna
Meaning
The plants and animals of a particular region, habitat, or geological period.
Example
The Galápagos Islands have unique flora and fauna.
Las Islas Galápagos tienen una flora y fauna únicas.
B1 noun /ˈʃoʊldər/

Shoulder

hombro
Meaning
the part of the body between the neck and the arm
Example
He carried the bag over his shoulder.
Él llevó la bolsa sobre su hombro.
B2 adverb /pəˈlɪtɪkəli/

politically

políticamente
Meaning
in a way that relates to politics or government
Example
The country is politically divided between two major parties.
El país está políticamente dividido entre dos partidos principales.
A2 adjective /fer/

Fair

justo; razonable; atractivo
Meaning
just and reasonable; treating people equally; light in color; attractive
Example
The judge made a fair decision in the case.
El juez tomó una decisión justa en el caso.
B1 noun /dɪˈmænd/

Demand

demanda; deseo de los consumidores por bienes o servicios
Meaning
an urgent request; the desire of consumers for goods or services
Example
The demand for organic food has increased significantly in recent years.
La demanda de alimentos orgánicos ha aumentado significativamente en los últimos años.
C1 noun /ˈhɪntərlænd/

hinterland

tierras interiores
Meaning
The remote or less developed areas away from the coast or a city.
Example
The farmers came from the rural hinterland to sell their produce in the city.
Los agricultores vinieron de las tierras interiores rurales para vender sus productos en la ciudad.
C1 adjective /ˈspel.baʊnd/

Spellbound

hechizado; cautivado
Meaning
completely fascinated and unable to move or think about anything else; enchanted
Example
The children sat spellbound as the magician performed his tricks.
Los niños se quedaron hechizados mientras el mago hacía sus trucos.
C2 verb /dɪˈspɔɪl/

despoil

saquear
Meaning
To steal or violently remove valuable possessions from a place.
Example
The invaders despoiled the village during the war.
Los invasores saquearon la aldea durante la guerra.
B2 noun ˈəʊ.və.hed

overhead

gastos generales
Meaning
Ongoing business expenses not directly attributable to creating a product or service.
Example
The company reduced its overhead to increase profits.
La empresa redujo sus gastos generales para aumentar las ganancias.
B2 noun /ˈklɒzɪt/

closet

armario
Meaning
a small room or enclosed space used for storing clothes or other things
Example
She keeps her winter coats in the closet near the door.
Ella guarda sus abrigos de invierno en el armario cerca de la puerta.
B2 adjective/verb /kəˈrʌpt/

corrupt

corrupto
Meaning
dishonest or morally wrong; to make something impure or evil
Example
The politician was accused of corrupt practices.
El político fue acusado de prácticas corruptas.
B2 noun ˈsəʊ.ʃəl ˈdʒʌs.tɪs

social justice

justicia social
Meaning
Justice in terms of the distribution of wealth, opportunities, and privileges within a society.
Example
Social justice ensures equality of opportunity.
La justicia social asegura la igualdad de oportunidades.
B2 adjective /ˌæksɪˈdɛntl/

accidental

accidental
Meaning
happening by chance, unintentionally
Example
The fire was caused by an accidental spark.
El fuego fue causado por una chispa accidental.
C2 noun /ˌɑːpərˈtuːnɪzəm/

opportunism

oportunismo
Meaning
The practice of taking advantage of opportunities regardless of principles or ethics.
Example
His decision was driven by opportunism, not values.
Su decisión fue impulsada por el oportunismo, no por los valores.
C1 noun /ɡʌst/

Gust

ráfaga de viento repentina
Meaning
a sudden strong rush of wind; a sudden burst or outburst of feeling
Example
A powerful gust of wind knocked over the outdoor umbrellas at the cafe.
Una ráfaga poderosa de viento derribó las sombrillas exteriores en el café.
C1 adjective /dɪˈmɪnjətɪv/

diminutive

diminuto
Meaning
extremely or unusually small
Example
Despite his diminutive size, he was a powerful leader.
A pesar de su tamaño diminuto, era un líder poderoso.
C2 noun /ˈoʊpiət/

opiate

opiáceo
Meaning
a drug containing opium or its derivatives, used to relieve pain or cause sleep
Example
The doctor prescribed an opiate to relieve the patient's pain.
El médico recetó un opiáceo para aliviar el dolor del paciente.
C1 noun /təˈlɛfəni/

telephony

telefonía
Meaning
the technology and systems for transmitting voice over distances by telephone
Example
Modern telephony has evolved to include internet-based calls.
La telefonía moderna ha evolucionado para incluir llamadas basadas en Internet.
C1 noun ˌmɑːr.dʒɪ.nəl.aɪˈzeɪ.ʃən

marginalization

marginalización
Meaning
The treatment of a person, group, or concept as insignificant or peripheral.
Example
Economic policies should address the marginalization of the poor.
Las políticas económicas deben abordar la marginalización de los pobres.
B2 adjective ˈlɒdʒ.ɪ.kəl

logical

lógico
Meaning
Of or according to the rules of logic or formal argument.
Example
Logical circuits ensure effective computation.
Los circuitos lógicos aseguran un cálculo efectivo.
A1 verb /θæŋk/

Thank

agradecer
Meaning
to express gratitude or appreciation to someone
Example
She thanked her teacher for the extra help.
Ella agradeció a su maestro por la ayuda extra.
A2 noun /ˈruːlər/

ruler

gobernante; regla
Meaning
A person who governs or controls a country; a straight-edged tool used for measuring or drawing lines
Example
The ruler drew a straight line on the paper while the king was a powerful ruler of his kingdom.
El ruler dibujó una línea recta en el papel mientras el rey era un poderoso ruler de su reino.
A2 verb /kənˈtɪnjuː/

continue

continuar
Meaning
To keep happening, existing, or doing something without stopping.
Example
The rain will continue throughout the night.
La lluvia continuará durante la noche.
B2 noun /slɛdʒ/

sledge

trineo
Meaning
a vehicle for traveling over snow, often pulled by animals
Example
The children rode a sledge down the snowy hill.
Los niños montaron un trineo por la colina nevada.
B2 noun /tʃɔːr/

chore

tarea
Meaning
A routine task, especially a household duty.
Example
Washing the dishes is my least favorite chore.
Lavar los platos es mi tarea menos favorita.
C1 adjective /ˈʃeɪp.ləs/

Shapeless

sin forma
Meaning
having no definite or well-defined shape or form
Example
The fog created a shapeless mass in the distance.
La niebla creó una masa sin forma a lo lejos.
B2 adjective /ʌnˈθɪŋkəbl/

Unthinkable

inimaginable
Meaning
impossible to conceive or imagine; beyond belief or consideration
Example
It was unthinkable that such a tragedy could happen in our peaceful town.
Era inimaginable que tal tragedia pudiera ocurrir en nuestra tranquila ciudad.
C1 noun (plural) /kwɑːmz/

qualms

dudas
Meaning
feelings of doubt, worry, or uneasiness
Example
He had serious qualms about accepting the offer.
Él tenía serias dudas sobre aceptar la oferta.
B1 noun/adjective /ˌkærəktəˈrɪstɪk/

characteristic

característica
Meaning
A distinguishing quality or feature of a person, place, or thing.
Example
Kindness is a characteristic of true leadership.
La amabilidad es una característica del verdadero liderazgo.
C1 noun /ˈbɜːrθraɪt/

birthright

derecho de nacimiento
Meaning
A privilege or possession that a person has from birth.
Example
Freedom is considered a birthright of every individual.
La libertad se considera un derecho de nacimiento de cada individuo.
C1 adjective /ˈɑːrɡjuəbl/

arguable

discutible
Meaning
open to debate or discussion; not certain and capable of being argued for or against
Example
It is arguable that technology has improved our quality of life.
Es discutible que la tecnología haya mejorado nuestra calidad de vida.
A1 title /ˈmɪsɪz/

mrs

señora
Meaning
a title used before a married woman's name
Example
Mrs. Karim is the headmistress of the school.
La señora Karim es la directora de la escuela.
A2 noun /ˈæroʊ/

arrow

flecha
Meaning
a thin, straight weapon with a pointed tip, shot from a bow
Example
The hunter shot an arrow at the target.
El cazador disparó una flecha al objetivo.
C1 verb /ˈkwentʃɪŋ/

quenching

saciar / apagar
Meaning
The act of satisfying thirst or extinguishing something like fire.
Example
Drinking cold water was quenching her thirst.
Beber agua fría estaba saciando su sed.
B2 noun /ˈmɛkəˌnɪzəm/

mechanism

mecanismo
Meaning
A system of parts working together in a machine; a process or technique for achieving something.
Example
The mechanism of the clock stopped working after years of use.
El mecanismo del reloj dejó de funcionar después de años de uso.
C1 noun /truːp/

troupe

grupo, compañía de teatro
Meaning
A group of dancers, actors, or performers who work together.
Example
The theater troupe performed brilliantly on stage.
La compañía de teatro actuó brillantemente en el escenario.
B2 noun /ˈæplɪkənt/

applicant

solicitante
Meaning
a person who applies for something, such as a job or a position
Example
The applicant was interviewed for the position.
El solicitante fue entrevistado para el puesto.
B2 adjective /ˈplɔː.zə.bəl/

plausible

plausible o probable
Meaning
Seeming reasonable or probable; credible or believable.
Example
His excuse seemed plausible, but I had my doubts.
Su excusa parecía plausible, pero tenía mis dudas.
A2 noun /ˈprɪzən/

prison

prisión
Meaning
a building where people are kept as punishment for a crime or while waiting for trial
Example
He was sent to prison for his crimes.
Fue enviado a prisión por sus crímenes.
C1 noun /ˈsɛtərə/

cetera

etcétera
Meaning
Latin for 'the rest' or 'others'; commonly used in the phrase 'et cetera' meaning 'and so on'.
Example
We need to buy pens, paper, notebooks, et cetera.
Necesitamos comprar bolígrafos, papel, cuadernos, etcétera.
C1 verb /sərˈpæs/

surpass

superar
Meaning
to exceed or go beyond
Example
Her performance surpassed all expectations.
Su rendimiento superó todas las expectativas.
B1 adjective ˌɪn.dɪˈpen.dənt

independent

independiente
Meaning
Not depending on another for livelihood or subsistence; free from outside control; not subject to another's authority.
Example
An independent institution ensures transparency in governance.
Una institución independiente garantiza la transparencia en la gobernanza.
C1 verb /ˈsɪn.θə.saɪz/

synthesize

sintetizar
Meaning
To combine a number of things into a coherent whole.
Example
Scientists synthesize new compounds for medical research.
Los científicos sintetizan nuevos compuestos para la investigación médica.
A1 noun /ˈkrɪsməs/

christmas

Navidad
Meaning
an annual festival celebrating the birth of Jesus Christ, observed on December 25
Example
Families gather to celebrate Christmas with joy and love.
Las familias se reúnen para celebrar la Navidad con alegría y amor.
C2 adjective ˌɪn.ɪ.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃəs

inefficacious

ineficaz
Meaning
Not producing any or the desired effect; ineffective.
Example
The treatment was inefficacious in curing the disease.
El tratamiento fue ineficaz en curar la enfermedad.
C1 verb /prəˈlɪf.ə.reɪt/

proliferate

proliferar
Meaning
To increase rapidly in numbers; to grow or spread quickly and extensively.
Example
Startups tend to proliferate in a thriving economy.
Las startups tienden a proliferar en una economía próspera.
C1 verb /ˈpætər/

patter

hacer un sonido repetido de golpecitos suaves / hablar rápidamente de manera mecánica
Meaning
to make a repeated light tapping sound; to talk quickly in a rehearsed or mechanical way
Example
Rain pattered softly on the window.
La lluvia golpeaba suavemente en la ventana.
C2 adjective /dɪˈsɛnʃəs/

dissentious

divisivo
Meaning
Causing or likely to cause disagreement and conflict.
Example
His dissentious remarks divided the group further.
Sus comentarios divisivos dividieron aún más al grupo.
B2 noun /slæŋ/

Slang

jerga; lenguaje informal
Meaning
very informal language that is usually spoken rather than written
Example
The teenagers used slang that their parents couldn't understand.
Los adolescentes usaron jerga que sus padres no pudieron entender.
C2 noun /dɪˈsɪstəns/

desistance

desistimiento
Meaning
The act of stopping or ceasing from some action or behavior.
Example
The court urged his desistance from further unlawful activities.
El tribunal le instó a desistir de actividades ilegales adicionales.
C1 noun /ˌæŋɡloʊ ˈsæksən/

anglo-saxon

anglosajón
Meaning
A member of the Germanic peoples who settled in England in the early Middle Ages; also relating to their language or culture.
Example
The Anglo-Saxon period greatly influenced English culture and language.
El periodo anglosajón influyó enormemente en la cultura y la lengua inglesa.
C2 noun /ˈmæl.əˌfæk.tər/

malefactor

malhechor
Meaning
A person who commits a crime or does evil.
Example
The malefactor was arrested for the robbery.
El malhechor fue arrestado por el robo.
C1 noun ˈiː.pɒk

epoch

época
Meaning
A period of time in history or a person's life, typically one marked by notable events or particular characteristics.
Example
The invention of the internet marked a new epoch in human history.
La invención de internet marcó una nueva época en la historia humana.
B2 noun, verb /ˈædɪkt/ (noun), /əˈdɪkt/ (verb)

addict

adicto
Meaning
a person who is unable to stop using a harmful substance or doing something harmful; to cause someone to become dependent on something
Example
He is a video game addict who spends hours playing every day.
Él es un adicto a los videojuegos que pasa horas jugando todos los días.
B2 adjective /ˈrek.ləs/

Reckless

imprudente; temerario; peligroso;
Meaning
acting without thinking about consequences; careless; dangerous;
Example
His reckless driving caused a serious accident.
Su conducción imprudente causó un accidente grave.
B2 noun /ˈsnoʊ.fɔːl/

Snowfall

nevada
Meaning
the process of snow falling from the sky; the amount of snow that falls
Example
The heavy snowfall blocked all the roads yesterday.
La fuerte nevada bloqueó todas las carreteras ayer.
C2 noun /koʊˈæɡjələnt/

coagulant

coagulante
Meaning
a substance that causes blood or another liquid to clot
Example
The doctor applied a coagulant to stop the bleeding quickly.
El doctor aplicó un coagulante para detener la hemorragia rápidamente.
C2 adjective /ˈfræk.ʃəs/

Fractious

irritable; problemático; difícil de controlar
Meaning
irritable and quarrelsome; difficult to control; bad-tempered
Example
The fractious child refused to follow any of the teacher's instructions.
El niño fractioso se negó a seguir cualquiera de las instrucciones del maestro.
A2 noun; gerund /ˈbɒksɪŋ/

boxing

boxeo
Meaning
the sport of fighting with fists using padded gloves; the act of putting something into a box
Example
He has been training hard for a professional boxing match.
Se está entrenando duro para un combate de boxeo.
C2 verb /bɪˈtroʊð/

betroth

prometerse
Meaning
To formally promise to marry someone; to engage.
Example
He was betrothed to the princess at a young age.
Él fue prometido a la princesa a una edad temprana.
C2 noun /ˌkʌl.pəˈbɪl.ɪ.ti/

culpability

culpabilidad
Meaning
responsibility for a fault or wrong; blameworthiness
Example
The jury considered his level of culpability in the crime.
El jurado consideró su nivel de culpabilidad en el crimen.
C1 noun /ænˈθɒlədʒi/

anthology

antología
Meaning
A collection of literary works, such as poems, short stories, or essays, compiled into one volume.
Example
She contributed a poem to the new poetry anthology.
Ella contribuyó con un poema a la nueva antología de poesía.
B1 adjective /slaɪt/

Slight

ligero; pequeño; delgado; sutil
Meaning
small in degree; not severe or intense; slim; thin
Example
There was a slight delay in the train schedule.
Hubo un pequeño retraso en el horario del tren.
A2 verb /prɪˈvent/

prevent

prevenir
Meaning
to stop something from happening; to keep from occurring
Example
Vaccination helps prevent many diseases.
La vacunación ayuda a prevenir muchas enfermedades.
C1 adjective /ʌnˈbraɪdld/

unbridled

desenfrenado
Meaning
Uncontrolled and unrestrained.
Example
The protesters showed unbridled enthusiasm for change.
Los manifestantes mostraron entusiasmo desenfrenado por el cambio.
B2 verb /twiːk/

tweak

ajustar
Meaning
to make small adjustments; to fine-tune something
Example
We need to tweak the design slightly.
Necesitamos ajustar ligeramente el diseño.
C2 adjective /ˈhɔːri/

hoary

gris, antiguo
Meaning
gray or white with age; very old and respected
Example
The hoary oak tree stood as a witness to centuries of history.
El viejo roble se erguía como un testigo de siglos de historia.
C2 adjective /ˌpɛntəˈveɪlənt/

pentavalent

pentavalente
Meaning
Having a valence of five, especially in chemistry.
Example
Phosphorus can exist in a pentavalent state.
El fósforo puede existir en un estado pentavalente.
C1 noun /ˈmænər/

manor

mansión
Meaning
A large country house with lands; the main house of an estate.
Example
The old manor stood proudly on the hill for centuries.
La vieja mansión se erguía orgullosa sobre la colina durante siglos.
C2 adjective /ˌæntɪdəˈluːviən/

antediluvian

anticuado
Meaning
extremely old-fashioned; belonging to the time before the biblical flood
Example
His views on women are positively antediluvian.
Sus opiniones sobre las mujeres son positivamente anticuadas.
C2 adjective /ˈvɑːlətɪv/

volitive

volitivo
Meaning
Relating to the will or the exercise of the will.
Example
The treaty was signed under volitive agreement between both nations.
El tratado fue firmado bajo un acuerdo volitivo entre ambas naciones.
C1 noun ˈtɑksɪk ɪˈmɪʃənz

toxic emissions

emisiones tóxicas
Meaning
Harmful or poisonous substances released into the environment, especially the atmosphere.
Example
Toxic emissions from vehicles pollute the atmosphere.
Las emisiones tóxicas de los vehículos contaminan la atmósfera.
C1 verb /ˈpærəlaɪz/

paralyze

paralizar
Meaning
to cause someone or something to lose the ability to move or function normally
Example
The sudden shock seemed to paralyze him.
El choque repentino parecía paralizarlo.
C2 verb /sɪˈkwɛstreɪt/

sequestrate

confiscar
Meaning
To take legal possession of assets until a debt is paid or disputes are resolved.
Example
The court decided to sequestrate the company's property.
El tribunal decidió confiscar la propiedad de la empresa.
C1 noun /rentʃ/

Wrench

llave inglesa
Meaning
a tool used for gripping and turning nuts, bolts, or pipes
Example
He used a wrench to tighten the bolt.
Usó una llave inglesa para apretar el perno.
B2 noun ˌsɛlf.kənˈtrəʊl

self-control

autocontrol
Meaning
The ability to control one's emotions, behavior, and desires in order to obtain some reward, or avoid some punishment, typically in the longer term.
Example
Self-control is important for maintaining a balanced life.
El autocontrol es importante para mantener una vida equilibrada.
B2 adverb /ˈvɜː.tʃu.ə.li/

Virtually

virtualmente; casi;
Meaning
nearly; almost; in effect though not in name
Example
The building was virtually destroyed in the earthquake.
El edificio fue virtualmente destruido en el terremoto.
C2 adjective /bɪˈnaɪtɪd/

benighted

oscuro, ignorante
Meaning
In a state of intellectual or moral ignorance; overtaken by darkness.
Example
The explorers were lost in the benighted forest without any guide.
Los exploradores se perdieron en el bosque oscuro sin ningún guía.
C2 noun /noʊl koʊl/

Knol khol

col de bolita
Meaning
round bulbous vegetable from cabbage family with pale green color and mild taste
Example
Knol khol can be eaten raw in salads or cooked in curries.
El col de bolita se puede comer crudo en ensaladas o cocinado en curris.
A1 noun /taɪm/

time

tiempo
Meaning
a measured or measurable period during which an action, process, or condition exists or continues
Example
I don’t have enough time to finish the project.
No tengo suficiente tiempo para terminar el proyecto.
C2 noun /ˈmɛtəfɔːrm/

metaphorm

metáfora de forma
Meaning
A coined or rare term sometimes used to describe a hybrid form of metaphor and form in literature or art.
Example
The poet introduced a metaphorm to blend imagery with structure.
El poeta introdujo un metáformo para combinar la imaginería con la estructura.
C2 noun /ˈkruːɪt/

cruet

pequeño recipiente
Meaning
a small container, especially for salt, pepper, oil, or vinegar, used at a dining table
Example
She filled the cruet with olive oil for the salad.
Ella llenó el cruet con aceite de oliva para la ensalada.
C2 noun /ˌɑːrtʃˈdiːkən/

archdeacon

archidiácono
Meaning
A senior clergyman in the Christian Church ranking below a bishop.
Example
The archdeacon assisted the bishop in administrative duties.
El archidiácono ayudó al obispo en los deberes administrativos.
C1 verb /ˌriːˈkɒn.stɪ.tʃuːt/

reconstitute

reconstituir
Meaning
to restore something to its original form or state; to reassemble
Example
The group was reconstituted after the leader returned.
El grupo fue reconstituido después de que el líder regresó.
C2 noun /dəˈkɔɪt/

Dacoit

bandido
Meaning
a member of an armed gang of robbers; a bandit, especially in India and Myanmar
Example
The village was terrorized by a gang of dacoits who robbed travelers.
La aldea fue aterrorizada por una banda de bandidos que robaban a los viajeros.
B2 noun /ˌdʒen.əˈrɒs.ə.ti/

Generosity

generosidad
Meaning
the quality of being kind and generous; willingness to give money, help, kindness freely
Example
The billionaire's generosity was evident in his numerous charitable donations to hospitals.
La generosidad del multimillonario fue evidente en sus numerosas donaciones caritativas a los hospitales.
B2 adjective /ˌærəˈmætɪk/

aromatic

aromático
Meaning
Having a pleasant and distinctive smell.
Example
The chef used aromatic herbs to flavor the dish.
El chef utilizó hierbas aromáticas para dar sabor al plato.
A2 pronoun /ðɛərz/

theirs

de ellos
Meaning
belonging to them; that which is theirs
Example
This book is theirs, not ours.
Este libro es de ellos, no nuestro.
B1 noun sɪvɪˈlɪzeɪʃənz

civilizations

civilizaciones
Meaning
The stage of human social development and organization that is considered most advanced.
Example
Ancient civilizations developed complex systems of governance.
Las antiguas civilizaciones desarrollaron sistemas complejos de gobierno.
C1 adjective ˈwɛðərpruːf

weatherproof

resistente a la intemperie
Meaning
Able to resist or be unaffected by weather, especially rain and wind.
Example
The materials used are weatherproof, ensuring longevity.
Los materiales utilizados son resistentes a la intemperie, asegurando longevidad.
C2 verb /ˈʌndərˌraɪt/

underwrite

garantizar apoyo financiero
Meaning
To guarantee financial support, especially by agreeing to cover losses or risks; in insurance, to assess and accept risks.
Example
The bank agreed to underwrite the company's new bond issue.
El banco acordó asegurar la nueva emisión de bonos de la empresa.