sustainable and collaborative approach
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C1 noun səˈsteɪnəbəl ænd kəˈlæbərətɪv əˈproʊtʃ

sustainable and collaborative approach

enfoque sostenible y colaborativo
Meaning
A method of working together that can be maintained over time without depleting resources or causing harm.
Example
A sustainable and collaborative approach is crucial for solving environmental problems.
Un enfoque sostenible y colaborativo es crucial para resolver los problemas ambientales.
B2 noun /sɪnˈserɪti/

Sincerity

sinceridad
Meaning
the quality of being free from pretense or deceit; honesty
Example
His sincerity in apologizing was evident to everyone.
Su sinceridad al disculparse fue evidente para todos.
B2 noun /ˌɡriːn ˈen.ə.dʒi/

green energy

energía verde
Meaning
Energy derived from renewable sources that have minimal environmental impact.
Example
Green energy reduces environmental harm.
La energía verde reduce el daño ambiental.
C2 verb /bɪˈhuːvz/

behooves

es necesario
Meaning
third person singular form of 'behoove'; means it is proper or necessary
Example
It behooves every citizen to follow the law.
Es necesario que cada ciudadano siga la ley.
C1 noun /ˈlʊkaʊt/

lookout

vigilancia, vigilancia
Meaning
A place for watching; a person keeping watch.
Example
The guard kept a lookout for suspicious activity.
El guardia mantenía un lookout para actividades sospechosas.
B1 verb /rɪˈtɜrnɪŋ/

returning

regreso
Meaning
Coming or going back to a place or person.
Example
The group is returning to the port on December 25th.
El grupo está regresando al puerto el 25 de diciembre.
B1 noun/verb /skɔːr/

score

puntuación
Meaning
a number of points achieved in a game or test; to gain points or achieve a goal
Example
He scored the winning goal in the final match.
Él marcó el gol ganador en el partido final.
C2 adjective /ˌseɪpiˈɛnʃəl/

sapiential

relacionado con la sabiduría
Meaning
Relating to wisdom or knowledge, often in a religious or philosophical sense.
Example
The monk shared sapiential teachings with his students.
El monje compartió enseñanzas relacionadas con la sabiduría con sus estudiantes.
C1 noun /strəˈtiː.dʒɪk ˈɪn.saɪts/

strategic insights

perspectivas estratégicas
Meaning
Deep understanding and wisdom gained through careful analysis for planning purposes.
Example
Strategic insights guide policymaking.
Las perspectivas estratégicas guían la toma de decisiones políticas.
C2 noun /feɪt/

fete

fiesta, celebración
Meaning
a celebration or festival, often in honor of someone
Example
The village held a grand fete to celebrate the harvest.
El pueblo celebró una gran fiesta para celebrar la cosecha.
B2 noun /træŋˈkwɪl.ɪ.ti/

tranquillity

tranquilidad
Meaning
the state of being calm, peaceful, and free from disturbance
Example
She enjoyed the tranquillity of the countryside after years in the city.
Ella disfrutó de la tranquilidad del campo después de años en la ciudad.
B1 noun /əkˈsɛptəns/

acceptance

aceptación
Meaning
the act of agreeing to receive or undertake something offered
Example
Her acceptance of the award was met with applause.
Su aceptación del premio fue recibida con aplausos.
C1 noun /rɪˈsɜː.dʒəns/

resurgence

resurgimiento
Meaning
An increase or revival after a period of little activity, popularity, or occurrence.
Example
The city saw a resurgence in tourism after the pandemic.
La ciudad vio un resurgimiento en el turismo después de la pandemia.
A1 verb /ɡoʊ/

go

ir
Meaning
to move or travel from one place to another
Example
I go to school every day.
Voy a la escuela todos los días.
B1 verb /ɪmˈplɔɪ/

employ

emplear
Meaning
to hire someone to do a job; to use something effectively
Example
The company plans to employ more engineers next year.
La empresa planea emplear más ingenieros el próximo año.
B1 verb /əˈdɒpt/

adopt

adoptar
Meaning
To take something as your own, such as a child, idea, or method.
Example
They decided to adopt a child from the orphanage.
Decidieron adoptar un niño del orfanato.
C1 noun /ɔːˈdæs.ə.ti/

audacity

osadía
Meaning
The willingness to take bold risks; boldness or fearlessness.
Example
His audacity to question authority was admirable.
Su osadía para cuestionar la autoridad era admirable.
A1 noun /bæɡ/

bag

bolsa
Meaning
a container made of flexible material, used for carrying items
Example
She carried her books in a bag.
Ella llevó sus libros en una bolsa.
C1 adjective /ˈhiːdləs/

heedless

despreocupado
Meaning
showing a reckless lack of care or attention
Example
He drove with heedless disregard for the rules.
Condujo con desprecio por las reglas.
C1 adjective /ˈpɒs.tʃə.məs/

Posthumous

póstumo
Meaning
occurring or continuing after death; published after the author's death
Example
The author received a posthumous award for his last novel.
El autor recibió un premio póstumo por su última novela.
C1 noun/verb /rɪˈpriːv/

reprieve

retraso temporal / perdón de castigo
Meaning
A temporary relief or delay from something unpleasant; to postpone or cancel punishment.
Example
The prisoner was granted a last-minute reprieve from execution.
El prisionero recibió un perdón de último minuto de la ejecución.
C1 adjective /ˈlækˌlʌstər/

lackluster

falto de brillo
Meaning
Lacking in vitality, force, or conviction; uninspired or uninspiring.
Example
The lackluster performance disappointed the audience.
La actuación sin brillo decepcionó a la audiencia.
B1 noun /pɔːrk/

pork

felicidad
Meaning
the flesh of a pig used as food
Example
He doesn't eat pork for religious reasons.
Ella no pudo esconder su felicidad cuando recibió el premio.
A2 noun /ˈfɔːrənər/ or /ˈfɑːrənər/

foreigner

extranjero
Meaning
A person from another country.
Example
The city welcomes every foreigner with kindness.
La ciudad recibe a cada extranjero con amabilidad.
C2 noun /ˈflɛdʒlɪŋ/

fledgeling

pájaro joven
Meaning
A young bird that has just developed its feathers and is learning to fly; a beginner.
Example
The fledgeling was trying hard to take its first flight.
El pájaro joven estaba tratando de hacer su primer vuelo.
C2 noun /ˌdɪfəˈrɛnʃə/

differentia

característica diferenciadora
Meaning
A distinguishing characteristic that sets one thing apart from another.
Example
The differentia of humans is their ability to reason abstractly.
La característica diferenciadora de los humanos es su capacidad para razonar de manera abstracta.
C2 noun /ˈɔːldərmən/

alderman

miembro del consejo municipal
Meaning
An elected member of a municipal council in certain cities and towns.
Example
The alderman proposed a new plan for community parks.
El concejal propuso un nuevo plan para los parques comunitarios.
B1 noun /wɪtʃ/

Witch

bruja
Meaning
a woman thought to have magic powers, especially evil ones; a practitioner of witchcraft
Example
The old witch cast a spell on the prince.
La vieja bruja lanzó un hechizo sobre el príncipe.
B2 adjective /ˌmʌl.tiˈpɜː.pəs/

Multipurpose

multifuncional
Meaning
having multiple uses or functions; versatile
Example
This multipurpose tool can be used as a knife, screwdriver, and bottle opener.
Esta herramienta multifuncional se puede usar como cuchillo, destornillador y abridor de botellas.
C1 verb /proʊˈtrækt/

protract

prolongar
Meaning
To prolong or extend in time or duration.
Example
Negotiations were protracted for several months.
Las negociaciones fueron prolongadas durante varios meses.
B1 noun/adjective /ˈmæksɪməm/

maximum

máximo
Meaning
the greatest or highest amount, value, or degree possible
Example
She scored the maximum marks in the exam.
Ella sacó la máxima puntuación en el examen.
C2 adjective /ˌæpəˈplɛktɪk/

apoplectic

apoplético
Meaning
Extremely angry; furious.
Example
He was apoplectic when he heard about the unfair decision.
Estaba apoplético cuando escuchó sobre la decisión injusta.
C2 noun /ˌmɪnəˈrɛt/

minaret

minarete
Meaning
A tall, slender tower of a mosque, from which the call to prayer is announced.
Example
The minaret of the mosque could be seen from miles away.
El minarete de la mezquita se podía ver desde kilómetros de distancia.
B2 adjective /ɪnˈfekʃəs/

infectious

infeccioso
Meaning
capable of causing infection or disease; spreading easily from one person to another; able to spread feelings or attitudes such as enthusiasm
Example
Her infectious laughter made everyone in the room smile.
Su risa infecciosa hizo sonreír a todos.
A2 noun ˈfɔːrɪsts

Forests

bosques
Meaning
Large areas covered with trees and undergrowth, providing natural habitats for wildlife.
Example
Forests provide shelter and food for butterflies.
Los bosques proporcionan refugio y alimento para las mariposas.
A2 noun /ˈpʌp.i/

Puppy

cachorro
Meaning
a young dog
Example
The puppy wagged its tail when it saw its owner.
El cachorro movió su cola cuando vio a su dueño.
C1 adjective /nəʊˈmæd.ɪk/

nomadic

nómada
Meaning
Living the life of a nomad; wandering from place to place without a fixed home.
Example
The tribe led a nomadic lifestyle.
La tribu vivía un estilo de vida nómada.
C1 noun /ˈwɔː.tər hen/

Water hen

gallineta
Meaning
a waterbird with dark plumage that lives near ponds and wetlands
Example
The water hen swam gracefully across the pond.
La gallineta nadó elegantemente a través del estanque.
A2 verb /ɪkˈspres/

express

expresar
Meaning
to show or make known a feeling, thought, or opinion
Example
She expressed her gratitude for the help she received.
Ella expresó su gratitud por la ayuda que recibió.
A2 noun /ˈpɑːrkɪŋ/

parking

estacionamiento
Meaning
the action or practice of leaving a vehicle in a particular place for a period of time
Example
There was no available parking near the restaurant.
No había estacionamiento disponible cerca del restaurante.
B2 adjective /ɪmˈper.ə.tɪv/

imperative

imperativo
Meaning
Of vital importance; crucial; giving or expressing a command.
Example
It is imperative to address the climate crisis immediately.
Es imperativo abordar la crisis climática de inmediato.
B2 noun rɪˈpʌb.lɪk

republic

república
Meaning
A state in which supreme power is held by the people and their elected representatives, with an elected or nominated president rather than a monarch.
Example
A republic is governed by representatives of the people.
Una república es gobernada por los representantes del pueblo.
C1 noun /ˈmɪl.ɪ.tənt/

Militant

militante
Meaning
A person who uses aggressive or violent methods to promote a political or social cause
Example
The militant group demanded immediate political reforms.
El grupo militante exigió reformas políticas inmediatas.
A2 noun /ˌpɒsəˈbɪləti/

possibility

posibilidad
Meaning
something that may happen or be the case; a chance that something exists or might occur
Example
There is a strong possibility of rain tomorrow.
Hay una fuerte posibilidad de lluvia mañana.
C2 noun /naɪt ˈdʒæz.mɪn/

Night-jesmine

jazmín nocturno
Meaning
a fragrant flowering tree that blooms at night with small white flowers
Example
The night-jasmine tree blooms only after sunset with its tiny white flowers.
El árbol de jazmín nocturno florece solo después del atardecer con sus pequeñas flores blancas.
A2 proper noun /ˌsaʊθ əˈmɛrɪkə/

south america

América del Sur
Meaning
a continent located in the Western Hemisphere, mostly in the Southern Hemisphere
Example
Brazil is the largest country in South America.
Brasil es el país más grande de América del Sur.
B2 noun /aɪˈdiː/

id

identificación
Meaning
identification; a document or number used to prove who someone is
Example
Please show your ID at the entrance.
Por favor, muestre su identificación en la entrada.
C1 adjective /ˈkɔː.stɪk/

caustic

caústico, mordaz
Meaning
able to burn or corrode by chemical action; severely sarcastic
Example
Her caustic remarks hurt his feelings.
Sus comentarios caústicos hirieron sus sentimientos.
B1 noun /ˈθɛrəpɪst/

therapist

terapeuta
Meaning
a person trained to provide treatment or counseling for physical or mental health
Example
The therapist helped him overcome his anxiety.
El terapeuta le ayudó a superar su ansiedad.
B2 noun ˌkɒnsəlˈteɪʃən

consultation

consulta
Meaning
The action of consulting or discussing; a meeting with an expert or professional to seek advice.
Example
Consultation was essential.
La consulta fue esencial.
C1 noun /ˈkæzəm/

chasm

grieta / gran diferencia
Meaning
a deep fissure in the earth's surface or a wide difference between people or ideas
Example
There was a great chasm between the two political parties.
Había una gran grieta entre los dos partidos políticos.
B2 noun /rɪˈmeɪn.dər/

Remainder

restante; lo que queda
Meaning
the part that is left over; what remains after the other parts have been taken away
Example
The remainder of the food was stored in the refrigerator.
El resto de la comida fue guardado en el refrigerador.
C1 verb /dɪsˈɑːrm/

disarm

desarmar
Meaning
to take weapons away from someone; to make someone feel less hostile
Example
The soldiers were ordered to disarm the rebels.
A los soldados se les ordenó desarmar a los rebeldes.
B2 noun /ˌek.əˈnɒm.ɪk səˌsteɪ.nəˈbɪl.ə.ti/

economic sustainability

sostenibilidad económica
Meaning
The ability of an economy to support a defined level of economic production indefinitely.
Example
Economic sustainability drives long-term growth.
La sostenibilidad económica impulsa el crecimiento a largo plazo.
B2 noun /ɪnˈtɛnt/

intent

intención
Meaning
the purpose or reason behind an action; a strong determination to do something
Example
Her intent was to improve the quality of education in the community.
Su intención era mejorar la calidad de la educación en la comunidad.
C2 adjective /ˈklæmərəs/

clamorous

ruidoso
Meaning
making a loud and confused noise; expressing strong demands noisily
Example
The clamorous audience demanded an encore from the band.
La audiencia ruidosa exigió un bis de la banda.
C1 verb θwɔːt

thwart

frustrar
Meaning
Prevent (someone) from accomplishing something; oppose successfully.
Example
His efforts to thwart the proposal were unsuccessful.
Sus esfuerzos para frustrar la propuesta no tuvieron éxito.
C2 adjective /ɪnˈɛksərəbl/

inexorable

inexorable
Meaning
Impossible to stop or prevent; relentless.
Example
The inexorable rise of technology is changing every aspect of life.
El inexorable aumento de la tecnología está cambiando cada aspecto de la vida.
C1 adjective /ˈflʌstərd/

flustered

desconcertado
Meaning
in a state of confusion or agitation
Example
She appeared flustered after being asked so many questions.
Ella parecía desconcertada después de tantas preguntas.
A2 noun /ˈsɪz.ərz/

Scissors

tijeras
Meaning
a cutting instrument with two sharp blades that are joined and work against each other
Example
She used scissors to cut the paper into small pieces.
Ella usó las tijeras para cortar el papel en pedazos pequeños.
A2 noun /bæˈleɪ/

ballet

ballet
Meaning
a highly stylized and artistic form of dance
Example
She has trained for years in classical ballet.
Ella ha entrenado durante años en ballet clásico.
C2 verb /frɪsk/

frisk

registrar
Meaning
To search a person by patting their clothing to check for concealed items.
Example
The security guard frisked the man at the entrance.
El guardia de seguridad registró al hombre en la entrada.
B2 noun /səˈvaɪvl/

survival

supervivencia
Meaning
the state of continuing to live or exist, typically in difficult conditions
Example
Survival in the wild can be a challenging experience.
La supervivencia en la naturaleza puede ser una experiencia desafiante.
B2 adjective /dɪm/

Dim

tenue; poca luz; débil
Meaning
not bright; having little light; faint
Example
The room was dim with only a small candle for light.
La habitación estaba tenue, con solo una pequeña vela para luz.
C2 noun /dʒeɪp/

jape

broma, chiste
Meaning
A practical joke or humorous remark.
Example
He enjoyed a harmless jape with his friends.
Disfrutó de una broma inofensiva con sus amigos.
C2 noun /ˌɪməʊˈbɪləti/

immobility

inmovilidad
Meaning
The state of being unable to move.
Example
After the accident, she suffered from immobility in her legs.
Después del accidente, sufrió de inmovilidad en sus piernas.
A1 verb/noun /dæns/

dance

felicidad
Meaning
to move rhythmically to music, typically following a set sequence of steps
Example
They danced all night at the wedding.
No pudo ocultar su felicidad cuando recibió el premio.
C1 adjective /ˈæŋ.ɡjə.lər/

Angular

angular
Meaning
having sharp corners or edges; relating to angles
Example
The building has an angular design with sharp corners.
El edificio tiene un diseño angular con esquinas afiladas.
C1 adjective /ʌnˈvaɪəbl/

unviable

inválido
Meaning
Not capable of working successfully; not feasible or practical.
Example
The project was deemed unviable due to high costs.
El proyecto fue considerado inviable debido a los altos costos.
C1 noun ˌmɪtɪˈɡeɪʃən ˈstrætədʒiz

mitigation strategies

estrategias de mitigación
Meaning
Plans and actions designed to reduce the severity or impact of problems or risks.
Example
Governments must adopt mitigation strategies for climate change.
Los gobiernos deben adoptar estrategias de mitigación para el cambio climático.
B2 noun /dʒiˈɒl.ə.dʒi/

geology

geología
Meaning
the science that deals with the Earth's physical structure and substances
Example
She studied geology to understand earthquakes.
Ella estudió geología para entender los terremotos.
B2 noun /ˈkæʒ.u.əl.ti/

Casualty

víctima; herido; casualidad
Meaning
a person killed or injured in a war or accident; a victim of circumstances
Example
The hospital treated many casualties from the car accident.
El hospital trató muchas víctimas del accidente de coche.
C2 noun /ɪnˈsɪpiəns/

incipience

inicio
Meaning
the beginning or initial stage of something
Example
The project was still in its incipience when funding was approved.
El proyecto aún estaba en su inicio cuando se aprobó la financiación.
B1 noun /ˈhʌntər/

hunter

cazador
Meaning
a person or animal that hunts animals for food or sport
Example
The hunter tracked the deer through the forest.
El cazador rastreó al ciervo a través del bosque.
B1 noun /ˈplʌm.ər/

plumber

fontanero
Meaning
a person who installs or repairs water pipes
Example
The plumber fixed the leaking pipe in the kitchen.
El fontanero arregló la tubería con fugas en la cocina.
C1 adjective /əˈprɛs.ɪv/

Oppressive

opresivo
Meaning
Harsh and authoritarian; overwhelming; causing distress; tyrannical;
Example
The oppressive heat made it difficult to work outside during the summer.
El calor opresivo dificultaba trabajar afuera durante el verano.
B2 adjective /ˈsɪn.ɪ.kəl/

cynical

cínico
Meaning
Believing that people are motivated by self-interest; distrustful of human sincerity or integrity.
Example
She was cynical about the politician's promises.
Ella era cínica acerca de las promesas del político.
B1 noun /ˈæʃ.treɪ/

Ash tray

cenicero
Meaning
a receptacle for tobacco ash and cigarette butts
Example
Please use the ash tray for your cigarette.
Por favor, usa el cenicero para tu cigarrillo.
C1 adjective /ʃrɪl/

shrill

sonido agudo
Meaning
High-pitched and piercing in sound.
Example
The shrill whistle startled everyone in the room.
El silbido agudo sorprendió a todos en la sala.
B2 noun /ˈskændəl/

scandal

escándalo
Meaning
an event or action that causes public outrage or damage to one's reputation
Example
The politician's affair became a public scandal.
El asunto del político se convirtió en un escándalo público.
B1 noun /ˈiː.tɪŋ ˈhæb.ɪts/

eating habits

hábitos alimenticios
Meaning
A person's usual pattern and preferences in food consumption.
Example
Developing good eating habits leads to better health.
Desarrollar buenos hábitos alimenticios conduce a una mejor salud.
B2 noun /red liːf/

Red leaf

hoja roja
Meaning
red-colored leafy vegetable; amaranth leaves used as greens
Example
Red leaf is rich in iron and is commonly eaten in Bengali households.
La hoja roja es rica en hierro y comúnmente se consume en los hogares bengalíes.
C2 noun /ˌlaɪ.pəˈdʒen.ɪ.sɪs/

lipogenesis

lipogénesis
Meaning
The metabolic process of fat synthesis where excess carbohydrates are converted into fatty acids and stored as triglycerides.
Example
Excess carbohydrate intake promotes lipogenesis and fat storage.
El consumo excesivo de carbohidratos promueve la lipogénesis y el almacenamiento de grasa.
A2 adverb /ˈfaɪ.nəl.i/

Finally

finalmente
Meaning
at last; after a long time; in the end; as the last point
Example
After years of hard work, she finally achieved her goal.
Después de años de arduo trabajo, ella finalmente alcanzó su meta.
C1 noun /ˈræftər/

rafter

viga
Meaning
One of the sloping beams that supports a roof.
Example
The old barn’s rafters were exposed.
Las vigas del viejo granero estaban expuestas.
C2 noun /ˌpɑːrtjʊˈrɪʃən/

parturition

parto
Meaning
The act of giving birth; childbirth.
Example
The doctor explained the stages of parturition to the students.
El médico explicó las etapas del parto a los estudiantes.
C1 verb /ˈɡælvənaɪz/

galvanize

felicidad
Meaning
to shock or excite someone into taking action; to coat iron or steel with a protective layer of zinc
Example
The speech galvanized the crowd into action.
Ella no pudo ocultar su felicidad cuando recibió el premio.
C2 verb /pərˈlɔɪn/

purloin

robar
Meaning
to steal something, often in a sneaky or dishonest way
Example
He tried to purloin a book from the library without being noticed.
Intentó robar un libro de la biblioteca sin ser notado.
C1 noun /ˈtɛnəmənt/

tenement

inmueble de alquiler
Meaning
a large building divided into separate apartments, often in poor condition
Example
The family lived in a crowded tenement in the city.
La familia vivió en un tenement atestado en la ciudad.
C2 noun /ˈʃɑːrlətən/

charlatan

charlatán
Meaning
a person who pretends to have knowledge or skills that they do not really possess; a fraud
Example
The so-called healer was exposed as a charlatan.
El llamado sanador fue expuesto como un charlatán.
C1 noun /ˈdrʌdʒəri/

drudgery

trabajo arduo y monótono
Meaning
Hard, menial, or dull work.
Example
She wanted to escape the drudgery of her daily routine.
Ella quería escapar de la rutina monótona de su día a día.
C1 adjective /bəˈzɜːrk/

berserk

enloquecido
Meaning
Out of control with anger or excitement; wild or frenzied.
Example
The fans went berserk when their team won the championship.
Los fanáticos se volvieron enloquecidos cuando su equipo ganó el campeonato.
B2 verb /ˌoʊvərˈwɛlm/

overwhelm

abrumar
Meaning
to overpower someone emotionally or physically; to be too much to handle
Example
She was overwhelmed with gratitude after receiving the help.
Ella estaba abrumada de gratitud después de recibir la ayuda.
B1 adjective /ˌʌndərˈstændəbl/

understandable

comprensible
Meaning
Able to be understood; reasonable or justifiable.
Example
Her reaction was understandable given the situation.
Su reacción fue comprensible dada la situación.
B2 noun/verb /swɔːrm/

swarm

enjambre
Meaning
A large group of insects or people moving together.
Example
A swarm of bees surrounded the tree.
Un enjambre de abejas rodeó el árbol.
C2 noun /ˈbʌskɪn/

buskin

bota gruesa
Meaning
A type of thick-soled boot that reaches halfway to the knee; also associated with tragic drama in ancient times.
Example
The actor wore a buskin as part of his classical costume.
El actor llevaba un buskin como parte de su traje clásico.
B1 noun, verb /ˈseɪ.lɪŋ/

sailing

navegación a vela
Meaning
The act of traveling in a boat or ship using sails; the sport or activity of navigating a boat with sails.
Example
We went sailing on the lake during the summer.
Fuimos a navegar en el lago durante el verano.
B1 adjective /ˌstreɪt ˈfɔːr.wərd/

Straight forward

honesto y claro; no complicado; fácil de entender
Meaning
honest and open; not complicated; easy to understand
Example
His explanation was very straightforward and easy to follow.
Su explicación fue muy clara y fácil de seguir.
A2 adjective /ˈbrɪtɪʃ/

british

británico
Meaning
relating to Great Britain or its people
Example
She loves British culture and traditions.
A ella le encanta la cultura y las tradiciones británicas.
B1 verb /kwoʊt/

quote

citar
Meaning
to repeat someone else's words; to give a price or estimate
Example
The teacher asked students to quote the famous author in their essays.
El maestro pidió a los estudiantes que citaran al autor famoso en sus ensayos.
C1 noun /ˈdɪs.ə.nəns/

dissonance

disonancia
Meaning
Disagreement, lack of harmony, conflict between ideas or beliefs.
Example
The cultural dissonance created misunderstandings.
La disonancia cultural creó malentendidos.
C2 verb /ˌdɛlɪˈkwɛs/

deliquesce

volverse líquido al absorber humedad del aire
Meaning
to become liquid by absorbing moisture from the air
Example
The salt began to deliquesce after being left in the humid room.
La sal comenzó a deliquescer después de dejarla en la habitación húmeda.
B2 verb ˈɪmplɪmentɪd

implemented

implementado
Meaning
Put a decision or plan into effect; carried out or executed.
Example
The master plans were partially implemented.
Los planes maestros fueron implementados parcialmente.
C2 noun /ˌdiːnəʊˈteɪʃən/

denotation

denotación
Meaning
The literal or primary meaning of a word, in contrast to the feelings or ideas that the word suggests.
Example
The denotation of the word 'rose' is a type of flower.
La denotación de la palabra 'rosa' es un tipo de flor.
C1 adjective /ˈpɪt.i.əs/

Piteous

lastimoso; compasivo
Meaning
deserving pity; arousing compassion
Example
The piteous cries of the injured animal moved everyone to tears.
Los lastimosos gritos del animal herido movieron a todos a lágrimas.
C2 noun /ˈθiː.ɑːr.ki/

thearchy

tearquía
Meaning
Rule or government by the gods; divine sovereignty.
Example
In ancient cultures, some societies believed in thearchy where gods directly guided human affairs.
En las culturas antiguas, algunas sociedades creían en la tearquía, donde los dioses guiaban directamente los asuntos humanos.
B1 verb ɪnˈvɛst

invest

invertir
Meaning
To put money, effort, time, etc. into something to make a profit or get an advantage.
Example
Investing in intellectual property can generate passive income.
Invertir en propiedad intelectual puede generar ingresos pasivos.
C2 noun /ˈɒb.stɪ.nə.si/

obstinacy

obstinación
Meaning
Stubborn refusal to change one's opinion or chosen course of action, despite attempts to persuade one to do so.
Example
His obstinacy made negotiations difficult.
Su obstinación hizo que las negociaciones fueran difíciles.
B2 noun /ˈwɑː.ʃər mæn/

Washer man

lavandero
Meaning
a person whose job is to wash clothes and linens for others
Example
The washer man collected dirty clothes from every household in the village.
El lavandero recogió ropa sucia de cada hogar en el pueblo.
B2 noun/verb /skɔːrn/

scorn

desprecio
Meaning
the feeling or expression of contempt or disdain; to treat with contempt
Example
She looked at him with open scorn.
Ella lo miró con desprecio.
B2 adjective ɪkˈsɛsɪv

excessive

excesivo
Meaning
More than is necessary, normal, or desirable; immoderate.
Example
Excessive population growth leads to resource depletion.
El crecimiento excesivo de la población conduce a la agotamiento de los recursos.
C2 noun /ˈkrɪptəɡræm/

cryptogram

código secreto
Meaning
a text written in code or cipher
Example
The detective solved the cryptogram hidden in the letter.
El detective resolvió el criptograma oculto en la carta.
C2 adjective /æbˈhɔːr.ənt/

Abhorrent

aborrecible; repugnante
Meaning
extremely unpleasant and causing disgust; detestable
Example
The idea of animal cruelty is abhorrent to most people.
La idea de la crueldad animal es aborrecible para la mayoría de la gente.
C1 noun ɪnˌvaɪ.rənˈmen.təl ˌtræns.fəˈmeɪ.ʃən

environmental transformation

transformación ambiental
Meaning
A significant change in environmental conditions or ecological systems.
Example
The city demonstrates environmental transformation.
La ciudad demuestra transformación ambiental.
B1 adjective /ɪˈnɪʃəl/

initial

inicial
Meaning
Existing or occurring at the beginning.
Example
Her initial reaction was one of surprise.
Su reacción inicial fue una de sorpresa.
C1 adjective /ˈstɪltɪd/

stilted

artificial, forzado
Meaning
Speech or writing that is stiff, unnatural, or overly formal.
Example
His speech sounded stilted and rehearsed.
Su discurso sonaba forzado y ensayado.
C2 verb /dɪˈlæpɪdeɪt/

dilapidate

deteriorar
Meaning
To cause something, especially a building, to fall into ruin or disrepair.
Example
The abandoned house began to dilapidate over the years.
La casa abandonada comenzó a deteriorarse con los años.
C2 noun /ˈɑːrtɪfɪs/

artifice

artificio
Meaning
clever or cunning devices or tricks used to deceive others
Example
The politician's charm was nothing but artifice.
El encanto del político no era más que artificio.
B2 adjective /ˈsɪnɪstər/

sinister

sinistro
Meaning
Giving the impression that something harmful or evil is happening or will happen.
Example
The abandoned house had a sinister atmosphere.
La casa abandonada tenía una atmósfera siniestra.
B2 adjective + noun ˈædvɜːrs ɪˈfekts

adverse effects

efectos adversos
Meaning
Negative or harmful impacts that result from an action or condition.
Example
Plastic usage has adverse effects on the environment.
El uso del plástico tiene efectos adversos sobre el medio ambiente.
C1 adjective /ˈpɑːr.dən.ə.bəl/

Pardonable

perdonable
Meaning
able to be forgiven; excusable
Example
His mistake was pardonable given the difficult circumstances.
Su error era perdonable dadas las difíciles circunstancias.