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B2 adjective /ˈsɪtʃueɪtɪd/

situated

situado
Meaning
located in a particular place or position
Example
The hotel is situated near the beach.
El hotel está situado cerca de la playa.
A2 adjective /ˈsɛntrəl/

central

central
Meaning
Situated in the middle; of the greatest importance.
Example
Water is central to human survival.
El agua es central para la supervivencia humana.
B1 noun /ˈhɑːrdˌwɛr/

hardware

hardware
Meaning
the physical parts of a computer or electronic system, such as the monitor, keyboard, and processor
Example
The company upgraded its computer hardware to improve performance.
La empresa actualizó su hardware de computadora para mejorar el rendimiento.
C1 noun /ˌɪntərˌɒpərəˈbɪləti/

interoperability

interoperabilidad
Meaning
The ability of computer systems or software to exchange and make use of information.
Example
The interoperability of different software systems ensures seamless workflow.
La interoperabilidad de diferentes sistemas de software asegura un flujo de trabajo continuo.
C2 noun /ˈhɔːrs.liːt͡ʃ/

Horse-leach

sanguijuela de caballo
Meaning
a large species of leech that was traditionally used in veterinary medicine
Example
The veterinarian explained that horse-leach was once commonly used to treat horses.
El veterinario explicó que la sanguijuela de caballo se usaba comúnmente en el tratamiento de caballos.
C1 noun /roʊt/

rote

de memoria
Meaning
mechanical or habitual repetition, often without understanding
Example
He learned the poem by rote without understanding its meaning.
Él aprendió el poema de memoria sin entender su significado.
C1 noun /kəmˈplɪsəti/

complicity

complicidad
Meaning
the state of being involved with others in an illegal activity or wrongdoing
Example
The court revealed his complicity in the fraud scheme.
El tribunal reveló su complicidad en el esquema de fraude.
B1 noun /kəˈnuː/

Canoe

canoa
Meaning
a narrow boat pointed at both ends and moved with a paddle
Example
They paddled their canoe down the peaceful stream.
Remaron su canoa por el tranquilo arroyo.
C1 adjective /ˈɡʌsti/

gusty

ventoso
Meaning
characterized by strong, sudden bursts of wind
Example
It was a cold, gusty day by the sea.
Fue un día frío y ventoso junto al mar.
C1 verb /əbˈsteɪn/

abstain

abstenerse
Meaning
To restrain oneself from indulging in or partaking of something.
Example
People often abstain from digital devices to enhance focus.
Las personas a menudo se abstienen de los dispositivos digitales para mejorar su enfoque.
C1 noun, verb /əˈsɛnt/

assent

asentimiento
Meaning
To agree to something, especially after careful consideration; an expression of approval.
Example
She nodded her head in silent assent.
Ella asintió con la cabeza en silencio.
A2 noun /taɪər/

tire

llanta
Meaning
a rubber covering around a wheel
Example
The car’s tire burst on the highway.
La llanta del coche explotó en la carretera.
B1 noun /ˈprəʊsesɪŋ/

processing

procesamiento
Meaning
the series of actions or steps taken to achieve a particular end, especially in data or food handling
Example
Data processing takes place in the server.
El procesamiento de datos ocurre en el servidor.
C1 adjective /ˌɪnɪkˈskjuːzəbl/

inexcusable

inexcusable
Meaning
Too bad to be justified or overlooked; unforgivable.
Example
His rude behavior was inexcusable.
Su comportamiento grosero era inexcusable.
C1 verb /sɪft/

sift

tamizar / examinar cuidadosamente
Meaning
to separate or sort through carefully, often using a sieve or by examining closely
Example
She sifted the flour before adding it to the cake mixture.
Ella tamizó la harina antes de agregarla a la mezcla del pastel.
C1 noun /foʊ/

foe

enemigo
Meaning
an enemy or opponent
Example
The knight fought bravely against his foe.
El caballero luchó valientemente contra su enemigo.
C1 adjective /ˈtrɛtʃərəs/

treacherous

traicionero
Meaning
Dangerously unstable or deceptive; likely to betray trust.
Example
The treacherous road made driving difficult.
La carretera traicionera hizo que conducir fuera difícil.
B2 adjective /dɪˈtætʃt/

detached

desprendido, separado
Meaning
separate or disconnected; showing a lack of emotional involvement
Example
He lived in a detached house away from the city.
Él vivía en una casa desprendida alejada de la ciudad.
C2 noun /ˌviːələnsɛloʊ/

violoncello

chelo
Meaning
The full name of the cello, a large string instrument played with a bow and held between the knees.
Example
He practiced the violoncello for hours each day.
Practicó el violonchelo durante horas cada día.
A2 noun /ɡlʌv/

glove

guante
Meaning
A covering for the hand with separate parts for the fingers and thumb.
Example
She wore gloves to protect her hands from the cold.
Ella usó guantes para proteger sus manos del frío.
C1 adjective /rɪˈsɪ.prə.kəl/

Reciprocal

recíproco; mutuo; compartido por ambas partes;
Meaning
given or done in return; mutual; shared equally by both parties;
Example
The two countries have a reciprocal trade agreement.
Los dos países tienen un acuerdo comercial recíproco.
C2 adjective /ˈvɪtriəs/

vitreous

vítreo
Meaning
having a glass-like appearance or quality
Example
The mineral has a vitreous shine.
El mineral tiene un brillo vítreo.
C1 verb /eɪl/

ail

padecer una enfermedad
Meaning
to be ill or suffer from a physical or mental problem; to trouble or afflict
Example
She has been ailing since last winter.
Ella ha estado enferma desde el invierno pasado.
C2 noun /ˈdʒuː.dɪˌkeɪ.tʃər/

judicature

sistema judicial
Meaning
the administration of justice or the system of courts
Example
The judicature ensures that laws are fairly applied.
El sistema judicial asegura que las leyes se apliquen de manera justa.
B2 noun /ˈkɔːtruːm/

courtroom

sala de audiencias
Meaning
a room in which legal cases are heard and decided by a judge
Example
The witness was called to testify in the courtroom.
Se llamo al testigo a testificar en la sala de audiencias.
B2 noun /ˈkreɪvɪŋ/

craving

antojo, deseo fuerte
Meaning
a strong desire for something
Example
She has a craving for chocolate every evening.
Ella tiene un antojo de chocolate todas las noches.
C2 verb /əˈbreɪd/

abrade

desgastar por fricción
Meaning
to scrape or wear away the surface by friction or erosion
Example
The rough cloth can easily abrade the skin.
La tela rugosa puede fácilmente desgastar la piel.
B2 noun /ˈoʊvərpæs/

overpass

paso elevado
Meaning
A bridge that carries one road or railway over another.
Example
The new overpass reduced traffic congestion in the city.
El nuevo paso elevado redujo la congestión de tráfico en la ciudad.
C1 noun /vʌlˈɡær.ɪ.ti/

Vulgarity

vulgaridad
Meaning
the quality of being rude, offensive, or indecent; lack of sophistication or good taste
Example
The comedian's jokes were criticized for their vulgarity.
Los chistes del comediante fueron criticados por su vulgaridad.
C2 adjective /ˈhaɪndmoʊst/

hindmost

más trasero
Meaning
Farthest back; last in position.
Example
The hindmost car in the convoy broke down first.
El coche más trasero en el convoy se rompió primero.
B2 noun /ˈɔr.fən/

Orphan

huérfano
Meaning
a child whose parents are dead; someone without protective support
Example
The orphan was adopted by a loving family.
El huérfano fue adoptado por una familia amorosa.
C1 adjective /ˈvɛrɪtəbl/

veritable

verdadero
Meaning
used to emphasize that something is genuine or true
Example
The house was a veritable palace compared to ours.
La casa era un verdadero palacio comparado con la nuestra.
A2 noun /ˈtaɪ.ɡər/

Tiger

tigre
Meaning
a very large solitary cat with a yellow-brown coat striped with black, native to the forests of Asia
Example
The tiger hunted silently through the jungle.
El tigre cazó silenciosamente a través de la jungla.
B2 adjective /nəˈtɔːriəs/

notorious

notorio
Meaning
Famous or well-known for something bad or undesirable
Example
The area is notorious for its high crime rate.
La zona es notoria por su alta tasa de criminalidad.
C1 noun /ˈpær.ə.di/

Parody

parodia
Meaning
an imitation of a particular style for comic effect; a humorous exaggerated copy
Example
The comedy show featured a parody of famous politicians.
El programa de comedia presentó una parodia de políticos famosos.
C1 noun /ˌlɛ.seɪ ˈfɛər/

laissez-faire

política de no intervención
Meaning
An economic policy where government does not intervene in business affairs.
Example
Laissez-faire policies encourage private enterprise.
Las políticas de laissez-faire fomentan la empresa privada.
C1 noun /ˈkætərækt/

cataract

catarata / cascada
Meaning
A medical condition causing clouding of the eye's lens; also a large waterfall.
Example
The old man suffered from cataracts in both eyes.
El hombre mayor sufría de cataratas en ambos ojos.
C1 adjective /pɪˈkjuːniˌɛri/

pecuniary

pecuniario
Meaning
relating to money or financial matters
Example
They faced pecuniary difficulties after the business failed.
Enfrentaron dificultades pecuniarias después de que el negocio fracasó.
B1 adjective /dɪsˈɡʌstɪŋ/

disgusting

repugnante
Meaning
extremely unpleasant or offensive; causing strong dislike or revulsion
Example
The smell coming from the trash can was absolutely disgusting.
El olor que venía del basurero era absolutamente repugnante.
A2 adjective /maɪld/

mild

suave
Meaning
not severe or strong; gentle in nature
Example
The patient had only mild symptoms.
El paciente solo tenía síntomas leves.
B2 adjective /ˈstɑː.ri/

Starry

estrellado; brillante;
Meaning
full of stars; shining like stars; relating to stars
Example
We enjoyed the starry night sky while camping in the mountains.
Disfrutamos del cielo estrellado mientras acampábamos en las montañas.
B2 adjective /ˈwɪt.i/

Witty

ingenioso; divertido
Meaning
having or showing quick intelligence; amusing in a clever way
Example
Her witty response to the critic's question impressed the entire audience.
Su ingeniosa respuesta a la pregunta del crítico impresionó a toda la audiencia.
A2 preposition /tɔːrd/

toward

hacia
Meaning
in the direction of
Example
She walked toward the door.
Ella caminó hacia la puerta.
B2 noun /ˈsɜːr.tən.ti/

Certainty

certeza
Meaning
firm conviction that something is the case; the quality of being reliably true
Example
We can say with certainty that the project will be completed on time.
Podemos decir con certeza que el proyecto se completará a tiempo.
A2 adjective /taɪt/

tight

apretado
Meaning
firmly held in place, not loose or slack
Example
The knot was too tight to untie.
El nudo estaba demasiado apretado para deshacerlo.
C1 adjective /ˈretʃɪd/

Wretched

miserable; deplorable; de mala calidad
Meaning
very unhappy; miserable; of poor quality
Example
The refugees lived in wretched conditions.
Los refugiados vivieron en condiciones miserables.
C2 noun /kwaɪˈiːtəs/

Quietus

muerte o algo que causa la muerte; una resolución final
Meaning
death or something that causes death; a final settlement
Example
The hero received his quietus from the villain's sword.
El héroe recibió su quietus de la espada del villano.
B1 verb/noun /bɔːr/

bore

aburrir
Meaning
Verb: To make someone feel uninterested or tired; Noun: A dull or tiresome person.
Example
The lecture began to bore the students.
La conferencia comenzó a aburrir a los estudiantes.
C1 verb /wiːld/

wield

sujetar, usar
Meaning
To hold and use a weapon, tool, or power effectively.
Example
The warrior wielded his sword with great skill.
El guerrero usó su espada con gran habilidad.
B2 adverb /ɪnˈɛvɪtəbli/

inevitably

inevitable
Meaning
in a way that cannot be avoided or prevented
Example
Inevitably, the team faced challenges during the project.
Inevitablemente, el equipo enfrentó desafíos durante el proyecto.
C1 noun /ˈfjuː.dʒə.tɪv/

Fugitive

fugitivo
Meaning
a person who has escaped from a place or is in hiding, especially to avoid arrest
Example
The police launched a manhunt to capture the fugitive who escaped from prison.
La policía lanzó una búsqueda para capturar al fugitivo que escapó de la prisión.
A1 noun /ˈfæməli/

family

familia
Meaning
A group consisting of parents and their children, or all the descendants of a common ancestor.
Example
She spends most of her weekends with her family.
Ella pasa la mayoría de sus fines de semana con su familia.
A1 preposition, adverb /əˈlɔːŋ/

along

a lo largo de
Meaning
moving in a constant direction on (a road, path, or surface)
Example
We walked along the river.
Caminamos a lo largo del río.
C2 verb /ˈfrɪzəl/

frizzle

freír hasta que se vuelva crujiente y rizado
Meaning
to fry something until it becomes crisp and curled, or to make a sizzling noise
Example
The bacon began to frizzle in the pan.
El tocino comenzó a chisporrotear en la sartén.
C1 noun /ˈkaʊntərˌpɔɪnt/

counterpoint

contrapunto
Meaning
an argument, idea, or theme contrasting with another; also a musical term for independent melody
Example
Her calm attitude was a counterpoint to his anger.
Su actitud tranquila fue un contrapunto a su ira.
C1 verb /əˈpiːz/

appease

apaciguar / satisfacer
Meaning
to calm or pacify someone by meeting their demands
Example
The manager tried to appease the angry customer.
El gerente intentó apaciguar al cliente enojado.
C1 noun /ˈsɪk.əl/

Sickle

hoz
Meaning
a tool with a curved metal blade and short handle used for cutting grain crops
Example
The farmer harvested wheat using a traditional sickle.
El agricultor cosechó trigo usando una hoz tradicional.
A1 pronoun /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

nothing

nada
Meaning
not anything; no thing
Example
She has nothing to worry about.
Ella no tiene nada de qué preocuparse.
B1 adjective /rɪˈmeɪnɪŋ/

remaining

restante
Meaning
still existing or left after others are gone or dealt with
Example
There were only a few remaining tickets for the concert.
Quedaban solo unos pocos boletos para el concierto.
C2 adjective /vaɪˈtjuːpərəbl̩/

vituperable

digno de reproche
Meaning
Deserving of blame, censure, or harsh criticism.
Example
His reckless actions made him vituperable in the eyes of his colleagues.
Sus acciones imprudentes lo hicieron digno de reproche a los ojos de sus colegas.
C2 noun kəmˈpʌŋk.ʃən

compunction

remordimiento
Meaning
A feeling of guilt or moral scruple that prevents or follows the doing of something bad.
Example
He felt compunction after lying to his friend.
Sintió remordimiento después de mentirle a su amigo.
C2 noun /pəˈruːzl/

perusal

lectura cuidadosa
Meaning
The action of reading or examining something carefully.
Example
The contract was given to the lawyer for perusal.
El contrato fue dado al abogado para su lectura cuidadosa.
C2 verb /ˈɛnərˌveɪt/

enervate

debilitar
Meaning
To weaken or drain someone of strength or vitality.
Example
The long hours of work enervated him.
Las largas horas de trabajo lo debilitaron.
B1 noun /ˈvɜːr.ʒən/

Version

versión; forma; relato
Meaning
a particular form or variation of something; an account of an event
Example
This is the latest version of the software.
Esta es la última versión del software.
B2 adverb /ˌɪndəˈrɛktli/

indirectly

indirectamente
Meaning
in a way that is not direct; through an intermediate means or influence
Example
The policy affected small businesses indirectly.
La política afectó indirectamente a las pequeñas empresas.
B2 adjective /ɪnˈtɛnsɪv/

intensive

intenso
Meaning
Involving a lot of effort, energy, or concentration in a short period of time.
Example
She attended an intensive English course before moving abroad.
Ella asistió a un curso intensivo de inglés antes de mudarse al extranjero.
C1 verb /klæsp/

clasp

agarrar / broche
Meaning
to grasp or hold tightly; also a device for fastening
Example
She clasped her hands together in prayer.
Ella entrelazó sus manos en oración.
C1 verb /skɒf/

scoff

burlarse
Meaning
to speak about something in a mocking or dismissive way
Example
He scoffed at the idea of moving abroad.
Él se burló de la idea de mudarse al extranjero.
C1 noun pɔɪz

poise

confianza y compostura
Meaning
Natural confidence and composure maintained under pressure.
Example
A good speaker maintains poise under pressure.
Un buen orador mantiene la compostura bajo presión.
B2 noun /ˈkeɪ.ɒs/

Chaos

caos; desorden total; confusión
Meaning
complete disorder and confusion; a state of total confusion with no order
Example
The earthquake caused chaos in the city as buildings collapsed and people panicked.
El terremoto causó caos en la ciudad cuando los edificios colapsaron y la gente entró en pánico.
B1 verb /aɪˈdentɪfaɪ/

identify

identificar
Meaning
to recognize; to establish who someone is
Example
Can you identify the suspect?
¿Puedes identificar al sospechoso?
C1 verb /rɪˈvɪər/

revere

reverenciar
Meaning
To deeply respect or admire someone or something.
Example
The students revered their teacher for his wisdom.
Los estudiantes veneraron a su maestro por su sabiduría.
B1 noun rɔː mətɪˈrɪəlz

raw materials

materias primas
Meaning
The basic material from which a product is made.
Example
The factory imports raw materials for production.
La fábrica importa materias primas para la producción.
B2 noun /ˈɡwɑːvə/

Guava

guayaba
Meaning
a tropical fruit with sweet pink or white flesh and small seeds
Example
I love eating fresh guava from the tree in our garden.
Me encanta comer guayaba fresca del árbol en nuestro jardín.
B2 noun /ˌvʌl.nər.əˈbɪl.ə.ti/

vulnerability

vulnerabilidad
Meaning
The quality or state of being exposed to the possibility of being attacked or harmed.
Example
Addressing vulnerability is crucial for stability.
Abordar la vulnerabilidad es crucial para la estabilidad.
A2 noun /tuːl/

tool

herramienta
Meaning
a device or implement used to carry out a particular function
Example
He used a hammer as a tool to fix the chair.
Usó un martillo como herramienta para arreglar la silla.
C1 adjective /kwɪər/

Queer

extraño; inusual; peculiar
Meaning
strange; unusual; peculiar; odd
Example
The old house had a queer atmosphere that made visitors uncomfortable.
La casa antigua tenía una atmósfera extraña que hacía sentir incómodos a los visitantes.
C1 noun /ɪnˈtruː.ʒən/

intrusion

intrusión no autorizada
Meaning
Unauthorized entry into a system or place without permission
Example
The company detected an intrusion in its server.
La empresa detectó una intrusión en su servidor.
B1 noun /məˈskiː.toʊ/

Mosquito

mosquito
Meaning
a small flying insect that bites people and animals to feed on their blood
Example
The mosquito bit me on the arm last night.
El mosquito me picó en el brazo anoche.
B2 noun kəmˈpet.ɪ.tɪv.nəs

competitiveness

competitividad
Meaning
The quality of being as good as or better than others of a comparable nature; the ability to compete successfully.
Example
Competitiveness is vital for economic sustainability.
La competitividad es vital para la sostenibilidad económica.
C1 noun /ˈtoʊɡə/

toga

toga
Meaning
A loose outer garment worn in ancient Rome, typically draped over the shoulders and body.
Example
The senator wore a white toga during the ceremony.
El senador llevaba una toga blanca durante la ceremonia.
B2 adjective /ˈded.li/

Deadly

mortal; letal; peligroso
Meaning
causing or able to cause death; extremely dangerous; lethal
Example
The deadly poison killed the plant instantly.
El veneno mortal mató la planta instantáneamente.
C1 noun kəmˈpleɪ.sən.si

complacency

autocomplacencia
Meaning
Excessive self-satisfaction with one's achievements that can hinder progress.
Example
His complacency led to a decline in his performance.
Su autocomplacencia llevó a una disminución en su rendimiento.
C2 verb /dɔːb/

daub

untar
Meaning
to spread a thick or sticky substance carelessly on a surface
Example
The children daubed paint all over the walls.
Los niños untaron pintura por todas las paredes.
C2 verb /ˌsuːpərˈæn.ju.eɪt/

superannuate

jubilar con pensión
Meaning
to retire someone with a pension, usually due to age or long service
Example
The company decided to superannuate its senior employees after thirty years of service.
La empresa decidió jubilar con pensión a sus empleados senior después de treinta años de servicio.
C1 adverb /ˈnæroʊli/

Narrowly

por un pequeño margen; apenas
Meaning
by a small margin; barely; in a limited way
Example
She narrowly escaped the accident.
Ella escapó por poco del accidente.
B2 noun /əkˈnɒlɪdʒmənt/

acknowledgement

reconocimiento
Meaning
the act of recognizing or accepting something as true or valid; an expression of gratitude or recognition
Example
She received an acknowledgement for her contribution to the project.
Recibió un reconocimiento por su contribución al proyecto.
C1 noun ˌɒp.tɪ.maɪˈzeɪ.ʃən

optimization

optimización
Meaning
Improving processes to increase performance and efficiency.
Example
SEO optimization helps websites rank higher on search engines.
La optimización de SEO ayuda a los sitios web a obtener un rango más alto en los motores de búsqueda.
C2 adjective /ˈdjuːtiəs/

duteous

obediente
Meaning
dutiful; obedient and respectful
Example
The duteous child always followed her parents’ instructions.
La niña obediente siempre seguía las instrucciones de sus padres.
C1 noun /ˈtʃæs.tɪ.ti/

Chastity

castidad; virginidad; moderación;
Meaning
the practice of refraining from extramarital or premarital sexual relations; sexual purity
Example
Many religious traditions value chastity as a virtue of moral purity.
Muchas tradiciones religiosas valoran la castidad como una virtud de pureza moral.
C2 verb /fɪˈlɪsɪˌteɪt/

felicitate

felicitar
Meaning
to congratulate; to express good wishes
Example
We felicitated the graduating students at the ceremony.
Felicitamos a los estudiantes graduados en la ceremonia.
C1 noun /ˈænərki/

anarchy

anarquía
Meaning
a state of disorder due to the absence or failure of government or authority
Example
The collapse of the regime led to anarchy in the streets.
El colapso del régimen llevó a la anarquía en las calles.
C1 noun /sɪˈkluːʒən/

seclusion

aislamiento
Meaning
The state of being private, away from other people.
Example
She spent the weekend in complete seclusion in her cabin.
Pasó el fin de semana en completo aislamiento en su cabaña.
B1 adjective /ˈfɒɡi/

foggy

neblinoso
Meaning
Full of or covered with fog; unclear or hazy.
Example
The mountain road was dangerous on the foggy morning.
La carretera de la montaña era peligrosa en la mañana neblinosa.
A2 adjective /ˈbeɪ.sɪk/

Basic

básico; fundamental;
Meaning
fundamental; essential; forming the foundation or starting point
Example
Learning basic English grammar is essential for beginners.
Aprender gramática básica de inglés es esencial para los principiantes.
C1 noun /ˈæd.vənt/

advent

advenimiento
Meaning
The arrival of a notable person, thing, or event.
Example
The advent of the internet changed the way people communicate.
El advenimiento de Internet cambió la forma en que las personas se comunican.
C1 adjective /ədˈmɪsəbl/

admissible

admisible
Meaning
acceptable or valid, especially as evidence in a court of law
Example
The judge ruled that the document was admissible as evidence.
El juez dictaminó que el documento era admisible como prueba.
B1 noun /ˈpɪkʌp/

pickup

camión pequeño con una parte trasera abierta; el acto de recoger o mejorar algo
Meaning
a small truck with an open back; the act of collecting or improving something
Example
The company scheduled a pickup for the returned goods.
La empresa programó una recogida para los productos devueltos.
C1 verb /vɪə(r)/

veer

cambiar de dirección
Meaning
to change direction suddenly
Example
The car veered off the road to avoid the accident.
El coche viró fuera de la carretera para evitar el accidente.
B2 noun /ˈlɛtɪs/

lettuce

lechuga
Meaning
a leafy green vegetable commonly used in salads and sandwiches
Example
She added fresh lettuce to the sandwich.
Ella añadió lechuga fresca al sándwich.
C1 verb /əˈdɔːrn/

adorn

adornar
Meaning
to decorate or add beauty to something
Example
The hall was adorned with flowers for the wedding.
El salón fue adornado con flores para la boda.
B2 noun /ˈhaɪdrədʒən/

hydrogen

hidrógeno
Meaning
a colorless, odorless, highly flammable gas that is the lightest and most abundant chemical element in the universe
Example
Hydrogen is used as a clean fuel in many energy systems.
El hidrógeno se utiliza como un combustible limpio en muchos sistemas de energía.
B1 adjective, noun /ˈkɔːrpərət/

corporate

Relacionado con la empresa/corporación
Meaning
relating to a corporation or large company; united as a single body
Example
Corporate social responsibility is important for modern businesses.
La responsabilidad social corporativa es importante para los negocios modernos.
B1 noun /ˈætməsˌfɪər/

Atmosphere

atmósfera
Meaning
the envelope of gases surrounding the earth or another planet; the pervading tone or mood of a place
Example
The atmosphere protects us from harmful solar radiation.
La atmósfera nos protege de la radiación solar perjudicial.
B2 noun prəˈdʒɛk.ʃən

projection

proyección de la voz
Meaning
The strength and range of voice when speaking.
Example
Proper projection ensures that every listener hears clearly.
Una proyección adecuada asegura que cada oyente escuche claramente.
A2 verb /ʃʌt/

shut

cerrar
Meaning
to close something, especially a door or window
Example
Please shut the door before you leave.
Por favor, cierra la puerta antes de irte.
C1 noun /ˈpɪk.æks/

Pick-axe

pico
Meaning
a tool with a heavy metal head and long handle used for breaking up hard ground or rock
Example
The miner used a pick-axe to break through the rocky surface.
El minero usó un pico para romper la superficie rocosa.
C1 noun /ˈsɔːl.tɪd fɪʃ/

Salted fish

pescado salado
Meaning
fish preserved with salt; dried and salted fish for storage
Example
Salted fish is a traditional way to preserve seafood.
El pescado salado es una forma tradicional de conservar los mariscos.
C1 noun /ˌrɛfəˈrɛndəm/

referendum

referéndum
Meaning
a general vote by the population on a single political issue
Example
The government held a referendum on the new constitution.
El gobierno celebró un referéndum sobre la nueva constitución.
C2 adjective /ænˈdrɒdʒɪnəs/

androgynous

andrógino
Meaning
Having both male and female characteristics; not clearly masculine or feminine.
Example
The fashion show featured models with an androgynous look.
El desfile de moda presentó modelos con un look andrógino.
C1 noun /ˈpeɪtriɑːrk/

patriarch

patriarca
Meaning
a male head of a family or tribe; an older respected man who leads a group
Example
As the family patriarch, he mediated disputes and kept long traditions alive.
Como patriarca de la familia, mediaba disputas y mantenía vivas las viejas tradiciones.
C2 adverb /ɪnˈdjuːbɪtəbli/

indubitably

indudablemente
Meaning
Without a doubt; certainly.
Example
She is indubitably the best candidate for the job.
Ella es indudablemente la mejor candidata para el trabajo.
C2 verb /æbˈdʒʊər/

abjure

abjurar
Meaning
to formally renounce or give up a belief, cause, or claim
Example
He abjured his allegiance to the old regime.
Él renunció a su lealtad al viejo régimen.
C2 verb /aɪˈdɒləˌtraɪz/

idolatrize

idolatrar
Meaning
To worship idols; to regard with excessive devotion or admiration.
Example
They began to idolatrize the statue as a deity.
Comenzaron a idolatrar la estatua como una deidad.
B2 noun ˈtreɪd.ɒf

trade-off

compensación
Meaning
A situation where accepting one advantage means giving up another benefit.
Example
There is always a trade-off between price and quality.
Siempre hay una compensación entre el precio y la calidad.
B1 adverb /ˈɡlæd.li/

Gladly

con gusto y placer
Meaning
willingly and with pleasure
Example
I would gladly help you with your homework.
Con gusto te ayudaría con tu tarea.
C2 adjective /ˌɪrɪˈlɪdʒəs/

irreligious

irreligioso
Meaning
Indifferent or hostile to religion
Example
Some people in the community consider him irreligious because he never attends religious services.
Algunas personas en la comunidad lo consideran irreligioso porque nunca asiste a los servicios religiosos.
A1 noun /help/

Help

ayuda; asistencia
Meaning
the action of helping someone to do something; assistance or support
Example
The volunteer offered his help to carry the elderly woman's groceries to her car.
El voluntario ofreció su ayuda para llevar las compras de la anciana a su coche.
C2 noun /ˈhɛptɑːrki/

heptarchy

heptarquía
Meaning
A group of seven rulers or governments, especially the seven Anglo-Saxon kingdoms in early England.
Example
The history book described the heptarchy of Anglo-Saxon England.
El libro de historia describió la heptarquía de la Inglaterra anglosajona.
B2 noun /ˈpaɪ.rət/

Pirate

pirata
Meaning
a person who attacks and robs ships at sea; someone who uses or reproduces copyrighted material illegally
Example
The pirate ship was spotted near the coast.
El barco pirata fue visto cerca de la costa.
C1 adjective /bəˈzɜːrk/

berserk

enloquecido
Meaning
Out of control with anger or excitement; wild or frenzied.
Example
The fans went berserk when their team won the championship.
Los fanáticos se volvieron enloquecidos cuando su equipo ganó el campeonato.