ribbon
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B2 noun /ˈrɪb.ən/

ribbon

cinta
Meaning
a long, narrow strip of fabric used for tying or decoration
Example
She tied her hair with a red ribbon.
Ella ató su cabello con una cinta roja.
B1 verb /ˈɒpəreɪt/

operate

operar
Meaning
to function; to control or manage; to perform surgery
Example
The surgeon will operate on the patient tomorrow.
El cirujano operará al paciente mañana.
C1 adjective /ˌʌnrɪˈfaɪnd/

unrefined

sin refinar
Meaning
not processed or purified; lacking polish or sophistication
Example
The unrefined oil must be processed before it can be used as fuel.
El aceite sin refinar debe procesarse antes de usarse como combustible.
A1 verb /teɪk/

take

tomar, llevar
Meaning
to get possession of; to carry or bring with oneself
Example
Please take this book to the library.
Por favor, lleva este libro a la biblioteca.
B2 noun ˈɪn.deks

index

índice
Meaning
An alphabetical list of names, subjects, etc. with references to the places where they occur, typically found at the end of a book; a sign or measure of something.
Example
An index organizes critical data.
Un índice organiza datos importantes.
B2 verb /ɪkˈskleɪm/

exclaim

gritar
Meaning
to cry out suddenly in surprise, strong emotion, or excitement
Example
She exclaimed with joy when she saw the gift.
Ella exclamó con alegría cuando vio el regalo.
A1 noun /ɪɡˈzɑːm.pəl/

example

ejemplo
Meaning
a thing or person regarded as a model to be followed or avoided
Example
He is a good example of a hardworking student.
Él es un buen ejemplo de un estudiante trabajador.
C2 noun /ˈɡæŋ.weɪ/

gangway

pasarela
Meaning
A narrow passage or walkway; also an exclamation used to clear the way.
Example
The sailors lowered the gangway for passengers to board.
Los marineros bajaron la pasarela para que los pasajeros subieran.
C1 adjective ʌnˈmætʃt

unmatched

incomparable
Meaning
Not equaled or rivaled by any other; without equal.
Example
The freedom fighters showed unmatched bravery.
Los luchadores por la libertad demostraron valentía incomparable.
C1 noun/verb /ˈtʌtʃ.ʌp/

touch-up

corrección o mejora pequeña
Meaning
Small corrections or improvements made to something.
Example
The artist gave a quick touch-up to the painting.
El artista hizo un toque rápido en la pintura.
B2 adverb /ˈfɔːrmərli/

Formerly

anteriormente; antes
Meaning
in the past; previously; at an earlier time
Example
The building was formerly a school but is now a community center.
El edificio era anteriormente una escuela, pero ahora es un centro comunitario.
B2 verb /ˌʌndərˈteɪk/

undertake

emprender
Meaning
to commit to and begin a task or project; to take on responsibility
Example
She decided to undertake a challenging project.
Ella decidió emprender un proyecto desafiante.
C1 adjective /ˈlɔː.ləs/

Lawless

sin ley; anárquico; desordenado; criminal
Meaning
without law; anarchic; unruly; criminal
Example
The frontier town was known for its lawless behavior and chaos.
La ciudad fronteriza era conocida por su comportamiento sin ley y el caos.
C1 adjective /ˈtɑːrdi/

tardy

tarde
Meaning
Delayed; arriving or happening late.
Example
The student received a warning for being tardy to class.
El estudiante recibió una advertencia por llegar tarde a clase.
C1 adjective /səˈriːn/

serene

sereno y pacífico
Meaning
Calm, peaceful, and untroubled; tranquil.
Example
The lake had a serene and peaceful atmosphere.
El lago tenía una atmósfera serena y pacífica.
C1 noun /ˌtɒləˈreɪʃən/

toleration

tolerancia
Meaning
The practice of allowing something that one does not necessarily agree with.
Example
The government promoted religious toleration.
El gobierno promovió la tolerancia religiosa.
A1 noun /ˈsɛvən/

seven

siete
Meaning
the number following six and preceding eight
Example
She has seven apples in her basket.
Ella tiene siete manzanas en su cesta.
C2 adjective /ˈhɔːrtətɔːri/

hortatory

exhortatorio
Meaning
Intended to encourage or urge to action.
Example
The manager’s hortatory words inspired the team to work harder.
Las palabras exhortatorias del gerente inspiraron al equipo a trabajar mas duro.
C2 noun /ˈɔːfəl/

offal

vísceras
Meaning
the internal organs and entrails of an animal used as food; waste parts
Example
The butcher prepared sausages using pork offal.
El carnicero preparó salchichas usando vísceras de cerdo.
C1 verb /ˈpʌməl/

pummel

aporrear
Meaning
To strike repeatedly with the fists; to beat or hit forcefully.
Example
The boxer pummeled his opponent in the final round.
El boxeador aporreó a su oponente en la ronda final.
A2 noun /roʊz/

Rose

rosa
Meaning
a fragrant flower with thorny stems, typically red, pink, white, or yellow
Example
She gave me a beautiful red rose for Valentine's Day.
Ella me dio una hermosa rosa roja para el Día de San Valentín.
C1 noun /ˈmjuːtɪni/

mutiny

motín
Meaning
an open rebellion against authority, especially by soldiers or sailors
Example
The sailors staged a mutiny against their captain.
Los marineros organizaron un motín contra su capitán.
C2 noun /ˈtɛsteɪtər/

testator

testador
Meaning
a person who has made a will
Example
The lawyer read the will of the deceased testator.
El abogado leyó el testamento del testador fallecido.
C1 noun /fɪlθ/

filth

suciedad
Meaning
dirty or disgusting matter; moral corruption
Example
The streets were full of filth after the storm.
Las calles estaban llenas de suciedad después de la tormenta.
A2 verb /ɡriːt/

greet

saludar
Meaning
to welcome someone; to say hello
Example
She greeted her guests warmly at the door.
Ella saludó a sus invitados cálidamente en la puerta.
C1 verb /əˈvɛndʒ/

avenge

vengar
Meaning
to inflict harm in return for an injury or wrong done to oneself or another
Example
He vowed to avenge his brother's death.
Él juró vengar la muerte de su hermano.
C2 noun /ˈhaɪərlɪŋ/

hireling

mercenario
Meaning
A person who works for payment only, often with little loyalty or principle.
Example
The mercenary was dismissed as just a hireling with no real loyalty.
El mercenario fue despedido como un simple hireling sin lealtad real.
C2 noun /ˈtʃaɪ.nə bɑːks/

China box

jazmín de naranja
Meaning
a small evergreen shrub with tiny white fragrant flowers
Example
The China box plant produced clusters of small white flowers.
La planta de jazmín de naranja produjo racimos de pequeñas flores blancas.
C1 adjective /ˌɪnɔːrˈɡænɪk/

inorganic

inorgánico
Meaning
relating to substances that are not derived from living organisms; lacking organic structure or growth
Example
Inorganic compounds are commonly studied in chemistry labs.
Los compuestos inorgánicos se estudian en los laboratorios.
C2 verb /ˈfʊl.mɪ.neɪt/

fulminate

protestar enérgicamente
Meaning
To express strong protest or criticism loudly and forcefully; to explode violently.
Example
The politician began to fulminate against corruption.
El político comenzó a protestar enérgicamente contra la corrupción.
C2 noun /ˈmæləprɒˌpɪzəm/

malapropism

malapropismo
Meaning
the mistaken use of a word in place of a similar-sounding one, often with amusing effect
Example
He is famous for his malapropism when speaking in public.
Es famoso por su malapropismo cuando habla en público.
C1 noun /təˈlɛpəθi/

telepathy

telepatía
Meaning
the supposed communication of thoughts or ideas by means other than the known senses
Example
The twins claimed to share telepathy with each other.
Los gemelos afirmaron compartir telepatía entre sí.
C1 adjective /ˈkɔː.zəl/

causal

causal
Meaning
relating to or acting as a cause
Example
There is a causal link between smoking and cancer.
Existe una relación causal entre fumar y el cáncer.
B1 verb /dɪˈfaɪn/

define

definir
Meaning
to explain the meaning of a word, phrase, or concept clearly
Example
The teacher asked the student to define the word 'democracy'.
El maestro le pidió al estudiante que definiera la palabra 'democracia'.
B1 adverb /ˌnesəˈserəli/

Necessarily

necesariamente; de manera inevitable;
Meaning
as a necessary result; inevitably; by logical consequence
Example
Rich people are not necessarily happy.
Las personas ricas no son necesariamente felices.
C2 noun /ˈæl.kə.laɪ ækt/

Alkali Act

Ley de Alcalinidad
Meaning
A British law passed in 1863 to regulate the emission of hydrochloric acid gas from alkali works, representing one of the first pieces of environmental legislation.
Example
The Alkali Act of 1863 was one of the first environmental laws.
La Ley de Alcalinidad de 1863 fue una de las primeras leyes ambientales.
A2 noun /ˈket.əl/

Kettle

tetera
Meaning
a container used for boiling water, typically with a lid, spout, and handle
Example
The electric kettle whistled when the water reached boiling point.
La tetera eléctrica silbó cuando el agua alcanzó el punto de ebullición.
A1 adverb /wʌns/

Once

una vez; alguna vez en el pasado
Meaning
one time only; at some time in the past; formerly
Example
I have been to Paris once in my life.
He estado en París una vez en mi vida.
B1 adjective /ˈɪrɪteɪtɪŋ/

irritating

irritante
Meaning
causing annoyance, impatience, or mild anger
Example
The constant noise from the street is extremely irritating.
El ruido constante de la calle es extremadamente irritante.
C2 adjective /ˌɛl.ɪˈmɑː.səˌnɛr.i/

eleemosynary

caritativo
Meaning
Relating to charity; dependent on or supported by charity.
Example
The hospital was founded as an eleemosynary institution.
El hospital fue fundado como una institución caritativa.
A2 noun /ˈdɪs.təns/

Distance

distancia
Meaning
the length of space between two points; remoteness in place, time, or relationship
Example
The distance between the two cities is approximately three hundred kilometers.
La distancia entre las dos ciudades es de aproximadamente trescientos kilómetros.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈstrʌktɪv/

instructive

instructivo
Meaning
useful and informative; providing knowledge or instruction
Example
The lecture was highly instructive and engaging.
La conferencia fue muy instructiva y atractiva.
A1 verb /peɪ/

pay

pagar
Meaning
to give money in exchange for goods or services
Example
I need to pay my bills on time.
Necesito pagar mis facturas a tiempo.
C1 adjective/verb /ˈprɒstreɪt/

prostrate

postrado
Meaning
lying stretched out on the ground with one's face downward, often as a sign of submission or exhaustion
Example
He lay prostrate on the ground after the long battle.
Él se tiró postrado en el suelo después de la larga batalla.
B2 verb /prɪˈsiːd/

precede

preceder
Meaning
to come before something in time, order, or position
Example
A brief introduction precedes each chapter.
Una breve introducción precede cada capítulo.
C2 adjective /ˌlɪlɪˈpjuːʃən/

lilliputian

muy pequeño
Meaning
Extremely small or tiny; trivial or petty.
Example
The model village was filled with lilliputian houses.
El pueblo modelo estaba lleno de casas muy pequeñas.
C2 noun, verb /ɡɔːl/

gall

descaro, molestar
Meaning
Annoyance, boldness, or to irritate.
Example
She had the gall to question his decision.
Ella tenía el descaro de cuestionar su decisión.
A2 noun ˌtræn.spɔːrˈteɪ.ʃən

Transportation

transporte
Meaning
The movement of people or goods from one place to another.
Example
Efficient transportation reduces costs.
El transporte eficiente reduce los costos.
C1 noun /wɪk/

Wick

mecha de vela
Meaning
a cord or strand of cotton that burns to provide light in a candle or lamp
Example
The candle wick needs to be trimmed for better burning.
La mecha de la vela necesita ser recortada para una mejor combustión.
C2 adjective /ˌævəˈrɪʃəs/

avaricious

codicioso
Meaning
having or showing extreme greed for wealth or material gain
Example
The avaricious landlord increased the rent unfairly.
El codicioso propietario aumentó el alquiler de manera injusta.
C1 noun /səˈvænə/

savanna

sabana (con árboles dispersos)
Meaning
a grassy plain with scattered trees, typical of tropical and subtropical regions
Example
Giraffes browsed on acacia trees across the wide savanna.
Las jirafas pastaban en los árboles de acacia a través de la amplia sabana.
C1 adjective /ˌkaʊntərɪnˈtuːɪtɪv/

counterintuitive

contradictorio
Meaning
contrary to what one would intuitively expect
Example
His approach seems counterintuitive but it actually works.
Su enfoque parece contradictorio, pero en realidad funciona.
A1 pronoun /aʊər/

our

nuestro
Meaning
belonging to or associated with the speaker and one or more other people
Example
This is our house.
Esta es nuestra casa.
C2 adjective /ɪnˈtɛsteɪt/

intestate

muerto sin testamento
Meaning
Having died without leaving a valid will.
Example
She died intestate, so her assets were distributed by law.
Ella murió sin testamento, por lo que sus bienes fueron distribuidos por la ley.
B1 verb /koʊˈɑːpəreɪt/

cooperate

cooperar
Meaning
to work together; to collaborate
Example
The teams cooperate to achieve their common goals.
Los equipos cooperan para lograr sus objetivos comunes.
A1 adjective /ˈwelkəm/

Welcome

bienvenido
Meaning
received with pleasure; giving pleasure; allowed or invited
Example
You are always welcome in our home.
Siempre eres bienvenido en nuestra casa.
B2 adjective /ˈsoʊloʊ/

solo

solo
Meaning
performed by one person alone; a single performance
Example
She decided to perform a solo dance at the talent show.
Decidió hacer un baile solo en el show de talentos.
B2 adjective /flɔːd/

flawed

defectuoso
Meaning
having a mistake or fault that reduces its value or quality
Example
The flawed design of the car led to a recall.
El diseño defectuoso del coche provocó un retiro del mercado.
B2 noun /ˈkɒmpɪtəns/

competence

competencia
Meaning
the ability to do something successfully or efficiently
Example
Her competence as a manager impressed the board.
Su competencia como gerente impresionó a la junta.
B2 noun /ɡriːnz/

Greens

verduras de hoja
Meaning
Leafy vegetables such as spinach, lettuce, and cabbage
Example
Eating greens is important for good health.
Comer verduras de hoja es importante para una buena salud.
A2 noun /drʌm/

Drum

tambor
Meaning
a percussion instrument typically made of a hollow cylinder with a membrane stretched over one or both ends
Example
The drummer kept perfect time on his drum kit.
El baterista mantuvo un tempo perfecto en su kit de bateria.
C1 adjective /ɪmˈpʌlsɪv/

impulsive

impulsivo, de impulso
Meaning
acting suddenly without careful thought
Example
She made an impulsive decision to buy the car.
Tomó una decisión impulsiva de comprar el coche.
C2 noun /ɛnˈkoʊmiəm/

encomium

elogio
Meaning
A speech or piece of writing that praises someone or something highly.
Example
He delivered an encomium to his retiring teacher.
Él pronunció un elogio a su maestro que se retiraba.
B2 noun /hʌt/

hut

choza
Meaning
a small simple shelter or house
Example
They lived in a small wooden hut near the river.
Vivían en una pequeña choza de madera cerca del río.
B2 noun /slʌm/

Slum

barrio pobre
Meaning
a poor urban area with substandard housing and squalid conditions
Example
The government is working to improve conditions in the slum.
El gobierno está trabajando para mejorar las condiciones en el barrio pobre.
B2 noun /ˈɑːrkaɪvz/

archives

archivos
Meaning
A place or collection where historical records and documents are stored.
Example
She visited the national archives to research her family history.
Ella visitó los archivos nacionales para investigar la historia de su familia.
B2 verb /stɪtʃ/

stitch

felicidad
Meaning
to sew with needle and thread; to join pieces of fabric
Example
She will stitch the torn dress carefully.
Ella no pudo esconder su felicidad cuando recibió el premio.
C1 adjective /ˈwɪst.fəl/

Wistful

melancólico; nostálgico
Meaning
having a feeling of longing or yearning; melancholy
Example
She gave a wistful smile when remembering her childhood days.
Ella dio una sonrisa melancólica cuando recordaba sus días de infancia.
C2 noun /wiːl/

weal

felicidad
Meaning
A raised mark on the skin left after a blow; or general well-being and prosperity.
Example
The charity worked for the common weal of the community.
Ella no pudo ocultar su felicidad cuando recibió el premio.
C2 noun /rɪˈpruːf/

reproof

reprobación, censura
Meaning
An expression of blame or disapproval.
Example
His careless words drew a sharp reproof from his mother.
Sus palabras descuidadas provocaron una fuerte reprobación de su madre.
A1 noun /ˈswɪmɪŋ/

swimming

natación
Meaning
the activity or sport of moving through water using the limbs
Example
Swimming is a great way to stay fit and healthy.
La natación es una excelente manera de mantenerse en forma y saludable.
B2 verb ˈɛskəleɪt

escalate

escalar
Meaning
To increase rapidly; to become more intense or serious
Example
The aging population is escalating at an alarming rate.
La población envejecida está escalando a una tasa alarmante.
C2 noun /ˌhaɪdroʊməˈkænɪks/

hydromechanics

hidromecánica
Meaning
The study of the mechanical properties and behavior of fluids in motion and at rest.
Example
Hydromechanics provides the foundation for naval architecture.
La hidromecánica proporciona la base para la arquitectura naval.
B1 noun /ˈseɪ.lər/

Sailor

marinero
Meaning
a person who works on a ship or boat; a member of a navy
Example
The experienced sailor navigated the ship through the storm.
El marinero experimentado navegó el barco a través de la tormenta.
C1 noun ˌdɛməˈɡræfɪk trænˈzɪʃən

demographic transition

transición demográfica
Meaning
A shift in population patterns from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates as a country develops economically
Example
The demographic transition indicates a shift towards an aging society.
La transición demográfica indica un cambio hacia una sociedad envejecida.
B1 noun /dɪˈpɑː.tʃər/

Departure

salida
Meaning
the action of leaving, especially to start a journey; a deviation from an established course
Example
The departure of the train was delayed by thirty minutes due to technical issues.
La salida del tren se retrasó treinta minutos debido a problemas técnicos.
C2 adjective/noun /ˌhaɪərəˈɡlɪfɪk/

hieroglyphic

jeroglífico
Meaning
Relating to or written in hieroglyphs; symbols or writing that is difficult to understand.
Example
The archaeologists studied the hieroglyphic inscriptions carefully.
Los arqueólogos estudiaron las inscripciones jeroglíficas cuidadosamente.
B1 adjective /ˈvɪʒuəl/

visual

visual
Meaning
Relating to seeing or sight.
Example
The movie was praised for its stunning visual effects.
La película fue elogiada por sus impresionantes efectos visuales.
B2 noun /ɪmˈpeɪʃəns/

impatience

impaciencia
Meaning
The state of being quickly irritated or unable to wait calmly.
Example
His impatience grew as the meeting dragged on.
Su impaciencia creció a medida que la reunión se alargaba.
C2 noun /ˈɡloʊmɪŋ/

gloaming

crepúsculo
Meaning
The time of day after the sun has set and before it is completely dark; twilight.
Example
We walked home together in the quiet gloaming.
Caminamos a casa juntos en el tranquilo crepúsculo.
C1 verb /flaʊt/

flout

despreciar
Meaning
To openly disregard or show contempt for a rule or law.
Example
The company was fined for flouting environmental regulations.
La empresa fue multada por ignorar las regulaciones ambientales.
C1 noun /oʊˈveɪʃən/

ovation

ovación
Meaning
an enthusiastic show of approval, especially by clapping hands
Example
The actor received a standing ovation after his performance.
El actor recibió una ovación de pie después de su actuación.
C2 noun /ˈɪrˌʃɑːt/

earshot

rango de audición
Meaning
the range or distance within which a sound can be heard
Example
The children whispered secrets out of earshot of their parents.
Los niños susurraron secretos fuera del alcance de los padres.
C1 adjective /dɪˈmɛntɪd/

demented

demente / irracional
Meaning
behaving irrationally due to mental illness or extreme excitement
Example
He looked demented after hearing the shocking news.
Se veía demente después de escuchar la noticia impactante.
C2 verb /ˈhæroʊ/

harrow

afligir / rastra
Meaning
to cause distress or torment; also to break up and smooth soil with a farm tool
Example
The tragic news harrowed the entire family.
La noticia trágica afligió a toda la familia.
C1 verb /ˌdɪsəˈsɛmbəl/

disassemble

desarmar
Meaning
To take apart something into its separate pieces.
Example
He had to disassemble the computer to repair it.
Él tuvo que desarmar la computadora para repararla.
A2 adjective/adverb /laʊd/

loud

alto
Meaning
Producing or capable of producing much noise.
Example
The music was too loud to concentrate.
La música estaba demasiado alta para concentrarse.
B2 noun /fleɪm/

Flame

llama
Meaning
a hot glowing body of ignited gas that is generated by something on fire
Example
The candle flame flickered gently in the evening breeze.
La llama de la vela parpadeó suavemente en la brisa de la tarde.
C1 adjective /dɪˈpreɪvd/

depraved

depravado
Meaning
morally corrupt or wicked
Example
The film depicts the life of a depraved criminal.
La película describe la vida de un criminal depravado.
C1 noun /ˈiːkwɪnɒks/

equinox

equilibrio entre el día y la noche
Meaning
The time or date when day and night are of equal length, occurring twice a year.
Example
The spring equinox marks the beginning of longer days.
El equinoccio de primavera marca el comienzo de los días más largos.
C1 noun /ɒpˈtɒmɪtrɪst/

optometrist

optometrista
Meaning
A healthcare professional who examines eyes and prescribes corrective lenses.
Example
The optometrist prescribed new glasses for her.
El optometrista le recetó nuevos anteojos.
C2 noun /ˌɔːltərˈkeɪʃən/

altercation

altercado, pelea
Meaning
a noisy argument or quarrel
Example
There was a brief altercation between the two drivers.
Hubo una breve altercación entre los dos conductores.
C1 noun /wɪsp/

wisp

un pequeño racimo o trozo
Meaning
A small thin or twisted bunch, piece, or amount of something.
Example
A wisp of smoke rose from the chimney.
Una wisp de humo subió por la chimenea.
B2 adjective /ˈlɛdʒəndɛri/

legendary

legendario
Meaning
remarkable enough to be famous; often used to describe something that is iconic or widely known
Example
The legendary musician performed in front of a packed stadium.
El músico legendario se presentó ante un estadio lleno.
C2 noun /koʊˈædʒətər/

coadjutor

auxiliar
Meaning
a person who helps or assists another, especially in a religious or official capacity
Example
The bishop appointed a coadjutor to assist him with his duties.
El obispo nombró a un auxiliar para que lo asistiera con sus deberes.
C1 adjective /ˈpʌn.dʒənt/

Pungent

pungente
Meaning
sharp; strong-smelling; acrid;
Example
The pungent smell of garlic filled the kitchen.
El olor pungente del ajo llenó la cocina.
A1 verb /smaɪl/

smile

sonrisa
Meaning
to express happiness or friendliness by turning the corners of the mouth upwards
Example
She smiled when she saw the gift.
Ella sonrió cuando vio el regalo.
B2 adjective /ˈmɪnɪməl/

minimal

mínimo
Meaning
the smallest or least amount possible
Example
The damage to the car was minimal after the accident.
El daño al coche fue mínimo después del accidente.
B2 noun /ˌæk.jʊˈzeɪ.ʃən/

accusation

acusación
Meaning
A statement that someone has done something wrong or illegal.
Example
She made an accusation of theft against her colleague.
Ella hizo una acusación de robo contra su colega.
B2 noun ˈɡriːn.haʊs ɪˌfɛkt

greenhouse effect

efecto invernadero
Meaning
The trapping of the sun's warmth in a planet's lower atmosphere due to the greater transparency of the atmosphere to visible radiation from the sun than to infrared radiation emitted from the planet's surface.
Example
The greenhouse effect is increasing global temperatures.
El efecto invernadero está aumentando las temperaturas globales.
B2 noun /ˈbækɪŋ/

Backing

respaldo
Meaning
help or support; financial or material support
Example
The project received backing from several major investors.
El proyecto recibió respaldo de varios inversionistas importantes.
B2 noun /ˈɡloʊbəl əˈwɛrnɪs/

global awareness

conciencia global
Meaning
Worldwide consciousness and understanding of important issues that affect people globally, leading to informed action and policy changes.
Example
Global awareness of climate change is essential for policy changes.
La conciencia global sobre el cambio climático es esencial para los cambios en las políticas.
B2 adjective /ɪnˈsɛnsətɪv/

insensitive

insensible
Meaning
Showing or feeling no concern for others' feelings.
Example
His insensitive comment hurt her deeply.
Su comentario insensible la lastimó profundamente.
C2 adjective /ˌʌltrəˈmɒnteɪn/

ultramontane

partidario del Papa
Meaning
beyond the mountains, especially referring to support for the Pope over local church authority
Example
The debate highlighted the ultramontane position in church politics.
El debate destacó la posición ultramontana en la política eclesiástica.
B2 noun /ˈpæntri/

pantry

despensa
Meaning
A small room or cupboard where food, dishes, and kitchen supplies are stored.
Example
She stocked the pantry with fresh groceries for the week.
Ella llenó la despensa con víveres frescos para la semana.
C1 adjective /ˈveɪɡrənt/

Vagrant

vagabundo; sin hogar
Meaning
wandering aimlessly; having no settled home
Example
The vagrant man was asking for food near the station.
El hombre vagabundo estaba pidiendo comida cerca de la estación.
C2 adjective /ɒmˈnɪp.ə.tənt/

omnipotent

omnipotente
Meaning
Having unlimited power; able to do anything; all-powerful.
Example
In many religions, God is considered omnipotent.
En muchas religiones, Dios se considera omnipotente.
A2 noun /əˈdʌlt/

Adult

persona adulta; adulto
Meaning
a person who is fully grown or developed; mature
Example
Only adults are allowed to enter this area.
Solo los adultos tienen permitido entrar en esta área.
B1 adverb /ˈʌðərwaɪz/

Otherwise

de otra manera; si no; o sino
Meaning
in a different way; if not; or else; apart from that
Example
Study hard, otherwise you will fail the exam.
Estudia mucho, de lo contrario, reprobarás el examen.
A2 noun /ˈpɛpər/

pepper

pimienta
Meaning
a pungent spice obtained from pepper plants, used to flavor food
Example
I like to add pepper to my soup.
Me gusta añadir pimienta a mi sopa.
C1 adjective /ˈsɜːrpənˌtiːn/

serpentine

serpenteante
Meaning
Having the shape, movement, or qualities of a serpent; winding or twisting.
Example
The road took a serpentine path through the mountains.
El camino tomaba una ruta serpenteante a través de las montañas.
B1 noun /ˈmɑː.kɪ.tɪŋ/

Marketing

mercadeo, comercialización, marketing
Meaning
The activity, set of institutions, and processes for creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings that have value for customers, clients, partners, and society at large.
Example
Digital marketing has transformed business strategies.
El marketing digital ha transformado las estrategias comerciales.
C1 noun /ˈæftərˌθɔːt/

afterthought

un añadido
Meaning
Something added or considered later than originally planned.
Example
The gift seemed like an afterthought rather than a genuine gesture.
El regalo parecía un detalle de última hora más que un gesto genuino.
B1 noun əˈnæl.ə.sɪs

analysis

análisis
Meaning
Detailed examination and evaluation of data or information to understand its components and relationships.
Example
Data analysis is crucial for machine learning models.
El análisis de datos es crucial para los modelos de aprendizaje automático.
A1 noun, numeral /ˈhʌndrəd/

hundred

cien
Meaning
the number 100
Example
There are a hundred students in the hall.
Hay cien estudiantes en el salón.
B2 adjective ˈɡrædʒ.u.əl

gradual

gradual
Meaning
Taking place or progressing slowly or by degrees.
Example
Gradual changes are more sustainable.
Los cambios graduales son más sostenibles.
B1 adjective /ˈæn.ju.əl/

annual

anual
Meaning
happening once every year
Example
The company holds an annual meeting for all its shareholders.
La empresa realiza una reunión anual para todos sus accionistas.
C1 noun /ˈdɑːsieɪ/

dossier

expediente
Meaning
A collection of documents about a particular person, event, or subject.
Example
The lawyer presented a dossier of evidence to the court.
El abogado presentó un expediente de pruebas ante el tribunal.
A2 verb /sɔːrt/

sort

ordenar
Meaning
to arrange or categorize something
Example
Please sort the files by date.
Por favor ordena los archivos por fecha.
B1 adverb /ˈkʌrəntli/

currently

actualmente
Meaning
at the present time; now
Example
He is currently working on a new project.
Él está actualmente trabajando en un nuevo proyecto.
C1 noun /kənˈtɛnʃən/

contention

contienda, desacuerdo
Meaning
heated disagreement or argument; a point asserted in debate
Example
The main contention between the two parties was over tax reform.
La principal contienda entre las dos partes fue sobre la reforma fiscal.