quaff
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C2 verb /kwɒf/

quaff

beber de un trago
Meaning
to drink something heartily or in large gulps, especially an alcoholic drink
Example
He quaffed a mug of ale after the long day.
Él bebió de un trago una jarra de cerveza después del largo día.
A1 verb /raɪd/

ride

montar/montar en
Meaning
to travel on or in a vehicle; to sit on and control a horse
Example
She likes to ride her bicycle to work.
A ella le gusta montar su bicicleta al trabajo.
C1 noun /kənˈdəʊləns/

condolence

pésame
Meaning
An expression of sympathy, especially on the occasion of death.
Example
She offered her sincere condolence to the grieving family.
Ella ofreció su más sentido pésame a la familia afligida.
C2 noun /kənˌdʒiː.niˈæl.ə.t̬i/

congeniality

afabilidad
Meaning
The quality of being pleasant, friendly, and easy to talk to.
Example
His congeniality makes him popular among friends.
Su afabilidad lo hace popular entre sus amigos.
C1 noun ɪˈveɪ.ʒən

evasion

evasión
Meaning
The practice of avoiding or escaping from something, especially responsibility or duty.
Example
His evasion of responsibilities frustrated his colleagues.
Su evasión de responsabilidades frustró a sus colegas.
C1 adjective /ræpt/

Rapt

absorto
Meaning
completely fascinated or absorbed by what one is seeing or hearing
Example
The children listened with rapt attention to the storyteller.
Los niños escucharon con atención absorta al cuentacuentos.
C2 noun /ˌɪrɪˈdɛsəns/

iridescence

brillo iridiscente
Meaning
a play of lustrous, changing colors like those of a rainbow
Example
The butterfly's wings shimmered with iridescence.
Las alas de la mariposa brillaban con brillo iridiscente.
C1 adjective /sɪmˈfɒnɪk/

symphonic

sinfónico
Meaning
relating to or having the character of a symphony or symphony orchestra
Example
The concert featured a symphonic masterpiece.
El concierto presentó una obra maestra sinfónica.
C2 verb /frɪz/

frizz

encrespar el cabello o hacerlo desordenado
Meaning
to form into small, tight curls or cause hair to become fuzzy and tangled
Example
The humid weather caused her hair to frizz.
El clima húmedo hizo que su cabello se encrespara.
C1 noun prəˈpʌl.ʃən

propulsion

propulsión
Meaning
The action of driving or pushing forward.
Example
Jet engines provide propulsion for aircraft to travel long distances.
Los motores a reacción proporcionan propulsión a las aeronaves para viajar largas distancias.
C1 adjective /ˈstɛr.aɪl/

sterile

estéril
Meaning
Free from bacteria or other living microorganisms; incapable of producing offspring.
Example
The surgeon worked in a sterile environment to avoid infection.
El cirujano trabajó en un ambiente estéril para evitar infecciones.
A2 noun /ˈpoʊstər/

poster

póster
Meaning
a large printed picture or notice that is put on a wall for decoration or to advertise something
Example
They put up a movie poster outside the theater.
Ellos pusieron un póster de película afuera del cine.
C1 adjective /ˈkɒn.keɪv/

concave

cóncavo
Meaning
curved inward like the inside of a bowl
Example
The mirror had a concave surface that magnified her reflection.
El espejo tenía una superficie cóncava que magnificaba su reflejo.
A2 adjective /maɪˈnuːt/

Minute

extremadamente pequeño; diminuto; detallado; preciso
Meaning
extremely small; tiny; detailed; precise
Example
The scientist examined minute details under the microscope.
El científico examinó los detalles minuciosos bajo el microscopio.
C1 verb /trænsˈɡrɛs/

transgress

transgredir
Meaning
to go beyond the limits of a moral law, command, or boundary; to sin
Example
He apologized after realizing he had transgressed the community's rules.
Él se disculpó después de darse cuenta de que había transgredido las reglas de la comunidad.
B2 adjective /ˈskeptɪkəl/

Sceptical

escéptico; desconfiado; que cuestiona la verdad de algo
Meaning
having doubts; not easily convinced; questioning the truth of something
Example
Many scientists remain sceptical about the new theory.
Muchos científicos siguen siendo escépticos sobre la nueva teoría.
A2 adjective /ˈlʌki/

lucky

afortunado
Meaning
having good fortune or favorable circumstances
Example
She felt lucky to have such supportive friends.
Ella se sintió afortunada de tener amigos tan solidarios.
C2 noun /ˈbɛlˌwɛðər/

bellwether

líder de tendencia
Meaning
A person or thing that leads or indicates a trend.
Example
The company is seen as a bellwether of the technology industry.
La compañía se ve como un líder de tendencia de la industria tecnológica.
C1 adverb /ˈrɪdʒɪdli/

Rigidly

estrictamente; de manera inflexible
Meaning
in a strict, inflexible manner; without compromise
Example
The rules are rigidly enforced in this institution.
Las reglas son estrictamente aplicadas en esta institución.
B1 noun /piːtʃ/

Peach

durazno
Meaning
a soft round fruit with fuzzy skin, sweet flesh, and a large pit in the center
Example
The peach was perfectly ripe and juicy when I bit into it.
El durazno estaba perfectamente maduro y jugoso cuando lo mordí.
B1 noun /tʃɑːrm/

Charm

encanto; hechizo; amabilidad
Meaning
the power or quality of giving delight or arousing admiration; a magical spell or talisman
Example
Her natural charm and wit made her popular at social gatherings.
Su encanto natural y agudeza la hicieron popular en las reuniones sociales.
B1 verb /tɛmpt/

tempt

tentar
Meaning
to entice or attract someone to do something, often something wrong or unwise
Example
The smell of fresh bread tempted him to enter the bakery.
El olor a pan recién hecho lo tentó a entrar en la panadería.
C2 adjective /ˈpjʊəraɪl/

puerile

infantil
Meaning
childishly silly or immature
Example
His puerile jokes annoyed the audience.
Sus bromas infantiles molestaron al público.
B1 verb /oʊ/

owe

deber
Meaning
to be under obligation to pay or repay; to be indebted
Example
I owe my success to my parents' support.
Le debo mi éxito al apoyo de mis padres.
C1 noun /ˈmɪm.ɪk/

Mimic

imitador; imitar;
Meaning
A person who copies or imitates the actions, speech, or mannerisms of others
Example
The talented mimic could perfectly imitate famous celebrities.
El talentoso imitador pudo imitar perfectamente a las celebridades famosas.
C1 noun /ˈɑn.set/

Onset

inicio; comienzo
Meaning
the beginning or early stages of something; the start of a medical condition
Example
The onset of winter brought heavy snowfall.
El inicio del invierno trajo fuertes nevadas.
C2 noun /ˈɡɔːntlɪt/

gauntlet

guante / desafío
Meaning
a protective glove; a challenge or trial; to 'throw down the gauntlet' means to issue a challenge
Example
The knight threw down his gauntlet as a sign of challenge.
El caballero arrojó su guante como señal de desafío.
A2 phrasal verb /bæk ʌp/

back up

respaldar; hacer una copia de seguridad; retroceder
Meaning
to support or help someone; to make a copy of data for safety; to move backward
Example
Please back up your files before updating the system.
Por favor, haz una copia de seguridad de tus archivos antes de actualizar el sistema.
A1 noun ˈpɛrənts

Parents

padres
Meaning
One's father and mother.
Example
The family tree starts with the child's parents.
El árbol genealógico comienza con los padres del niño.
C1 noun /rɪˈnaʊn/

Renown

renombre; fama
Meaning
the condition of being known or talked about by many people; fame
Example
The scientist achieved international renown for her discoveries.
La científica alcanzó renombre internacional por sus descubrimientos.
B2 noun /ˈtʃæpəl/

chapel

capilla
Meaning
A small church or a room used for Christian worship, often within a larger building.
Example
The couple got married in a small countryside chapel.
La pareja se casó en una pequeña capilla en el campo.
B2 noun /ˈvɜː.tʃuː/

Virtue

virtud; moralidad; calidad útil
Meaning
behavior showing high moral standards; a good or useful quality of a thing
Example
Honesty is considered the highest virtue in many cultures.
La honestidad se considera la más alta virtud en muchas culturas.
B2 adjective ˌsɪm.əlˈteɪ.ni.əs

simultaneous

simultáneo
Meaning
Occurring, operating, or done at the same time.
Example
Simultaneous crop failures affect global food supply.
Las fallas simultáneas de los cultivos afectan el suministro global de alimentos.
C2 verb /məˈmɔːriəlaɪz/

memorialize

conmemorar
Meaning
to preserve the memory of a person or event, often through a ceremony, monument, or record
Example
The city decided to memorialize the hero with a statue in the central square.
La ciudad decidió conmemorar al héroe con una estatua en la plaza central.
C2 noun (plural) /ˌmæk.ɪˈneɪ.ʃənz/

machinations

maquinaciones
Meaning
complicated and secret plans, often intended to cause harm
Example
The politician was brought down by his own machinations.
El político fue derribado por sus propias maquinaciones.
A2 noun /ˈɔːdiəns/

audience

audiencia
Meaning
A group of people who gather to watch, listen to, or experience a performance, event, or broadcast.
Example
The audience clapped loudly after the performance.
La audiencia aplaudió fuerte después de la actuación.
C1 noun /ˈpɛdlər/

peddler

vendedor ambulante
Meaning
a person who sells goods, often traveling from place to place
Example
The peddler walked through the village selling fresh fruits.
El vendedor ambulante caminaba por el pueblo vendiendo frutas frescas.
B2 verb /ˈtaɪtən/

Tighten

apretar
Meaning
to make something more secure or less loose
Example
He tightened the screws to secure the shelf.
Él apretó los tornillos para asegurar la estantería.
B2 adjective /traɪˈʌmfənt/

Triumphant

triunfante; feliz
Meaning
having won a battle or contest; rejoicing as a result of success
Example
The team was triumphant after winning the championship.
El equipo estaba triunfante después de ganar el campeonato.
B2 verb /dɪˈsɛnd/

descend

descender
Meaning
To move or fall downward; to come or go down from a higher place.
Example
The hikers descended the steep mountain path.
Los excursionistas descendieron por el empinado camino de montaña.
A2 noun ˈhɪrəʊ

hero

héroe
Meaning
A person who is admired or idealized for courage, outstanding achievements, or noble qualities.
Example
Sydney Carton becomes the ultimate hero through his sacrifice.
Sydney Carton se convierte en el héroe definitivo a través de su sacrificio.
B1 noun raɪts

rights

derechos
Meaning
A moral or legal entitlement to have or obtain something or to act in a certain way.
Example
The rights of people were prioritized.
Los derechos de las personas fueron priorizados.
C2 noun /ˌiː.kəʊ.tɒkˈsɪ.kə.lə.dʒi/

ecotoxicology

ecotoxicología
Meaning
The study of the effects of chemical pollution on the environment.
Example
Ecotoxicology studies the effects of pesticides on wildlife.
La ecotoxicología estudia los efectos de los pesticidas en la vida silvestre.
A1 adjective /ʃʊr/

Sure

seguro; ciertamente
Meaning
completely confident that something is true; certain; definitely true
Example
I am sure that he will come tomorrow.
Estoy seguro de que él vendrá mañana.
A1 noun /bred/

Bread

pan
Meaning
a food made from flour, water, and yeast mixed together and baked
Example
She bought fresh bread from the bakery.
Ella compró pan fresco de la panadería.
C1 noun/adjective/verb /bʌf/

buff

aficionado / pulir
Meaning
A fan or enthusiast; also to polish or shine something.
Example
He is a movie buff who watches films every weekend.
Él es un aficionado al cine que ve películas cada fin de semana.
A2 noun /ˈtʃaɪldhʊd/

childhood

infancia
Meaning
the period of being a child
Example
She spent her childhood in a small village.
Ella pasó su infancia en un pequeño pueblo.
B1 noun /ˈbed ʃiːt/

Bed sheet

sábana
Meaning
a large rectangular piece of cloth used as bedding to lie on or under
Example
The clean white bed sheet felt soft against her skin.
La sábana blanca y limpia se sintió suave contra su piel.
B2 noun/verb /ˈlɪtər/

litter

basura
Meaning
rubbish or waste left lying in a public place; to make a place untidy by leaving rubbish
Example
The park was full of litter after the festival.
El parque estaba lleno de basura después del festival.
C1 noun /ˈken.əl/

Kennel

caseta para perros; establecimiento para la cría o alojamiento de perros
Meaning
a small shelter for a dog; an establishment for the breeding or boarding of dogs
Example
The dog slept comfortably in his wooden kennel in the backyard.
El perro durmió cómodamente en su perrera de madera en el patio trasero.
C1 noun /liˈeɪzɒn/

liaison

enlace
Meaning
communication or cooperation between people or groups for a smooth working relationship
Example
She works as a liaison between the company and its clients.
Ella trabaja como un enlace entre la empresa y sus clientes.
C2 noun /kiˌɑːrəˈskjʊəroʊ/

chiaroscuro

contraste dramático entre luz y sombra
Meaning
The use of strong contrasts between light and dark in art or literature to create a dramatic effect.
Example
The artist's painting used chiaroscuro to highlight the figure's face.
La pintura del artista usó el claroscuro para resaltar la cara de la figura.
B2 verb /ˈkæt.ɪ.ɡə.raɪzd/

categorized

clasificado
Meaning
Placed in a particular class or group.
Example
The city was categorized as highly polluted.
La ciudad fue clasificada como altamente contaminada.
A2 noun /ˈwʌndər/

wonder

maravilla
Meaning
a feeling of amazement and admiration, caused by something beautiful, remarkable, or unfamiliar
Example
The view from the mountain was a true wonder.
La vista desde la montaña fue una verdadera maravilla.
C2 noun /dæmˈneɪ.ʃən/

Damnation

condena eterna; destrucción
Meaning
condemnation to eternal punishment in hell; something that causes ruin or failure
Example
The preacher spoke about salvation and damnation in his sermon.
El predicador habló sobre la salvación y la condena en su sermón.
C1 noun /ɪnˈdaɪtmənt/

indictment

acusación formal
Meaning
a formal charge or accusation of a serious crime
Example
The indictment accused the company of multiple violations.
La acusación formal acusó a la empresa de múltiples violaciones.
C2 noun /ˈdrʌmɪt/

Drumet

drumet
Meaning
a small drum used in military or marching bands
Example
The drummer played a steady beat on the drumet during the parade.
El batería tocó un ritmo constante en el drumet durante el desfile.
C1 verb /ˈkæptɪveɪt/

captivate

cautivar, atraer
Meaning
to attract and hold the interest of; to charm or fascinate
Example
Her beautiful voice captivated the audience.
Su hermosa voz cautivó a la audiencia.
C2 verb /ˈɑːbvieɪt/

obviate

eliminar
Meaning
To remove a need or difficulty; to prevent or avoid something.
Example
This new system obviates the need for manual data entry.
Este nuevo sistema elimina la necesidad de ingresar datos manualmente.
C1 adjective /ˌkɒmprɪˈhɛnsəbl/

comprehensible

comprensible
Meaning
able to be understood; intelligible
Example
The teacher explained the topic in a comprehensible way.
El maestro explicó el tema de una manera comprensible.
B1 noun /ˈpoʊni/

Pony

potro
Meaning
a small horse, typically under 14.2 hands high
Example
The children enjoyed riding the gentle pony at the farm.
Los niños disfrutaron montando el suave potro en la granja.
C2 noun /ˈmiːliərɪzəm/

meliorism

meliorismo
Meaning
The belief that the world tends to improve and that humans can aid its betterment.
Example
Her philosophy of meliorism kept her hopeful during difficult times.
Su filosofía de meliorismo la mantuvo esperanzada durante tiempos difíciles.
B2 noun /ˈtwaɪ.laɪt/

Twilight

crepúsculo
Meaning
the soft glowing light from the sky when the sun is below the horizon; a period of decline
Example
We walked along the beach at twilight.
Caminamos por la playa al crepúsculo.
A1 noun /ʃɜːrt/

Shirt

camisa
Meaning
a piece of clothing worn on the upper body with sleeves and buttons
Example
He wore a white shirt to the office.
Él usó una camisa blanca para la oficina.
C1 adjective /ˈɑːr.dənt/

Ardent

ardiente; entusiasta; fervoroso
Meaning
very enthusiastic; passionate; fervent
Example
She is an ardent supporter of environmental conservation.
Ella es una ferviente defensora de la conservación ambiental.
C1 adjective /ʌnˈɜːrθli/

unearthly

sobrenatural
Meaning
Strange or unnatural in a way that seems not of this world
Example
The forest was filled with an unearthly glow.
El bosque estaba lleno de un resplandor sobrenatural.
C2 noun /mæn əv wɔːr/

Man of war

buque de guerra
Meaning
a warship; a naval vessel equipped with weapons for warfare
Example
The man of war sailed across the ocean to defend the coast.
El buque de guerra cruzó el océano para defender la costa.
B2 noun ˌnæv.ɪˈɡeɪ.ʃən

navigation

navegación
Meaning
The process or activity of accurately ascertaining one's position and planning and following a route.
Example
GPS technology has improved the navigation of self-driving cars.
La tecnología GPS ha mejorado la navegación de los autos autónomos.
B1 noun /sərˈtɪfɪkət/

certificate

certificado
Meaning
a document serving as proof of achievement or qualification
Example
She received a certificate for completing the course.
Ella recibió un certificado por completar el curso.
B1 noun /ˌprɛpəˈreɪʃən/

preparation

preparación
Meaning
The act of getting ready or making arrangements for something.
Example
The team made careful preparation for the presentation.
El equipo hizo una preparación cuidadosa para la presentación.
A2 adjective /flæt/

flat

plano
Meaning
Smooth and level, without raised areas or curves.
Example
The road ahead was completely flat.
El camino adelante estaba completamente plano.
B1 noun /ˌfɜːrst eɪd kɪt/

first aid kit

botiquín de primeros auxilios
Meaning
A collection of medical supplies for giving initial treatment in emergencies
Example
I always keep a first aid kit in my car for emergencies.
Siempre guardo un botiquín de primeros auxilios en mi coche para emergencias.
C2 noun, verb /ˈbɛvəl/

bevel

bisel
Meaning
A sloping edge or surface; to cut or shape an edge at an angle.
Example
The carpenter beveled the edges of the table.
El carpintero biseló los bordes de la mesa.
B1 noun /ˈsɛtʌp/

setup

configuración
Meaning
an arrangement of things or the way in which something is organized or prepared
Example
The setup of the event took hours to complete.
La configuración del evento tomó horas para completar.
C2 verb /kənˈstrɪndʒ/

constringe

contraer
Meaning
to cause to shrink or contract; to constrict
Example
The medicine helped constringe the swollen tissues.
El medicamento ayudó a contraer los tejidos hinchados.
B1 noun /rɪˈfjuːz/

Refuse

basura; rechazo
Meaning
waste material; garbage; to decline or reject something
Example
Please put the refuse in the designated bins.
Por favor, ponga la basura en los cubos designados.
B2 noun /ɪkˈskluːʒən/

exclusion

exclusión
Meaning
The process or state of being left out or denied access.
Example
The policy led to the exclusion of certain groups.
La política llevó a la exclusión de ciertos grupos.
A2 verb /ˈriːəlaɪz/

realize

darse cuenta
Meaning
to become aware of; to understand clearly; to achieve or make real
Example
I didn't realize how late it was until I checked the clock.
No me di cuenta de lo tarde que era hasta que miré el reloj.
C2 noun /ˌsɒ̃ˈfrwɑː/

sangfroid

autocontrol
Meaning
Composure or coolness under pressure.
Example
She impressed everyone with her sangfroid during the interview.
Ella impresionó a todos con su autocontrol durante la entrevista.
A2 verb /əˈtæk/

attack

atacar
Meaning
to use violence against someone; to criticize strongly
Example
The enemy forces attacked at dawn.
Las fuerzas enemigas atacaron al amanecer.
A2 adjective, adverb /ˈfʊl taɪm/

full-time

a tiempo completo
Meaning
working or studying for the whole standard period of time
Example
She works full-time as a teacher.
Ella trabaja a tiempo completo como profesora.
C2 noun /dreɪk/

Drake

pato macho
Meaning
a male duck; a type of waterfowl
Example
The drake led his family of ducks across the pond.
El drake llevó a su familia de patos a través del estanque.
B2 adjective /kənˈsɜːvətɪv/

conservative

conservador
Meaning
Favoring traditional views and values; resistant to change.
Example
He has conservative views on family and society.
Él tiene opiniones conservadoras sobre la familia y la sociedad.
C2 noun /ˈsɪniæst/

cineast

cineasta
Meaning
A film enthusiast or filmmaker; a person deeply interested in cinema.
Example
As a true cineast, she spends most weekends watching classic films.
Como una verdadera cineasta, pasa la mayoría de los fines de semana viendo películas clásicas.
B2 noun /ɪnˈfek.ʃən/

Infection

infección
Meaning
the process of infecting or the state of being infected; a disease caused by germs
Example
The doctor prescribed antibiotics to treat the bacterial infection in her throat.
El doctor recetó antibióticos para tratar la infección bacteriana en su garganta.
B1 noun ˌdɪsədˈvæntɪdʒ

disadvantage

desventaja
Meaning
An unfavorable circumstance or condition that reduces the chances of success or effectiveness.
Example
Urdu's dominance placed Bengalis at a disadvantage.
El dominio del urdu puso a los bengalíes en desventaja.
C1 verb /bruːd/

brood

pensar profundamente, grupo de pajaritos recién nacidos
Meaning
to think deeply about something that makes one unhappy; also, a group of young birds hatched at the same time
Example
He sat alone, brooding over his failures.
Él se sentó solo, pensando profundamente sobre sus fracasos.
C2 noun /ˌlæs.əˈreɪ.ʃən/

laceration

corte profundo
Meaning
a deep cut or tear in skin or flesh
Example
He needed stitches for a laceration on his leg.
Necesitaba puntos para un corte profundo en su pierna.
B1 verb /kəˈmænd/

command

orden
Meaning
to give an order authoritatively; to control or direct
Example
The general commanded the soldiers to move forward.
El general ordenó a los soldados avanzar.
C1 noun delˈteɪɪk ˈlændskeɪp

deltaic landscape

paisaje deltaico
Meaning
A geographical area formed by sediment deposits at the mouth of a river, creating a triangular land formation.
Example
Bangladesh has a unique deltaic landscape.
Bangladesh tiene un paisaje deltaico único.
C2 noun /kəˈdʌm.bə/

Kadamba

árbol kadamba
Meaning
A tropical tree with round, fragrant orange flowers, sacred in Hindu culture and associated with Lord Krishna
Example
The kadamba tree is mentioned frequently in ancient Indian poetry.
El árbol kadamba se menciona con frecuencia en la poesía india antigua.
C1 verb/noun /ˈkrɒn.ɪ.kəl/

chronicle

registrar eventos en el orden en que ocurrieron
Meaning
To record events in the order in which they happened; a written record of historical events.
Example
She decided to chronicle her journey through a blog.
Ella decidió cronometrar su viaje a través de un blog.
C2 adjective /ˈfiːtɪd/

foetid

hediondo
Meaning
having an offensive, unpleasant smell
Example
The foetid smell from the garbage made it hard to breathe.
El hedor del basurero hizo que fuera difícil respirar.
C1 noun /ˈpæʃ.ən ˌflaʊ.ər/

Passion flower

flor de la pasión
Meaning
A climbing plant with intricate, colorful flowers; also refers to royal poinciana tree with red-orange blooms
Example
The passion flower vine covered the garden wall with beautiful blooms.
La vid de la flor de la pasión cubrió la pared del jardín con hermosas flores.
A1 noun /keɪk/

Cake

pastel
Meaning
a sweet baked dessert made from flour, sugar, and other ingredients
Example
They ordered a chocolate cake for the birthday party.
Pidieron un pastel de chocolate para la fiesta de cumpleaños.
B2 noun /ˈtʌndrə/

tundra

tundra
Meaning
A vast, flat, treeless Arctic region where the subsoil is permanently frozen.
Example
Polar bears roam across the icy tundra.
Los osos polares deambulan por la tundra helada.
C1 verb /ˈɪnstɪˌɡeɪt/

instigate

incitar
Meaning
To bring about or initiate an action, often something negative.
Example
He was accused of instigating the riot.
Fue acusado de incitar el motín.
B2 noun/verb /dræft/

draft

borrador
Meaning
A preliminary version of a piece of writing; to prepare a preliminary version of a document.
Example
She finished the first draft of her novel.
Ella terminó el primer borrador de su novela.
C1 noun dɪˈspær.ə.ti

disparity

disparidad
Meaning
A great difference or inequality.
Example
Disparity between countries must be reduced.
La disparidad entre los países debe ser reducida.
B2 adjective /ˈmɪnɪməm/

minimum

mínimo
Meaning
The least or smallest amount or quantity possible, attained, or required.
Example
This year saw a minimum unemployment rate.
Este año vio una tasa mínima de desempleo.
C1 verb /ˈfɜːrmɛnt/

ferment

someterse a un proceso químico donde los azúcares se convierten en alcohol o ácido; incitar o agitar el cambio
Meaning
to undergo a chemical process where sugars are converted to alcohol or acid; to incite or stir up change
Example
The grapes are left to ferment for several weeks.
Las uvas se dejan fermentar durante varias semanas.
C1 adjective /ˈflaʊəri/

flowery

florido / ornamentado
Meaning
Full of flowers or overly elaborate in style or language.
Example
She wrote a flowery letter filled with poetic phrases.
Ella escribió una carta florida llena de frases poéticas.
C2 adjective /əˈluːviəl/

alluvial

aluvial
Meaning
Relating to or derived from alluvium (loose soil or sediment deposited by rivers).
Example
The farmers cultivate crops on the fertile alluvial plains.
Los agricultores cultivan cultivos en las fértiles llanuras aluviales.
C2 noun /ˈtruːɪzəm/

truism

verdad de Perogrullo
Meaning
a statement that is obviously true and says nothing new or interesting
Example
It is a truism that hard work leads to success.
Es una verdad de Perogrullo que el trabajo duro lleva al éxito.
C1 verb /ɪˈlɪsɪt/

elicit

provocar
Meaning
To draw out a response, answer, or reaction from someone.
Example
The teacher’s question elicited thoughtful answers from the students.
La pregunta del maestro elicita respuestas pensativas de los estudiantes.
C2 noun /ˌkʌl.pəˈbɪl.ɪ.ti/

culpability

culpabilidad
Meaning
responsibility for a fault or wrong; blameworthiness
Example
The jury considered his level of culpability in the crime.
El jurado consideró su nivel de culpabilidad en el crimen.
C2 verb /næʃ/

gnash

apretar los dientes
Meaning
to grind or strike the teeth together, often in anger or frustration
Example
He began to gnash his teeth in rage.
Comenzó a apretar los dientes de rabia.
C2 noun/adjective /ɪˈmɒliənt/

emollient

sustancia que suaviza la piel
Meaning
a substance that softens or soothes the skin
Example
She used an emollient cream to treat her dry skin.
Ella usó una crema emoliente para tratar su piel seca.
C2 adjective /əˈɡeɪp/ or /əˈɡɑːp/

agape

boquiabierto
Meaning
With the mouth wide open in surprise or wonder.
Example
She stood agape at the breathtaking view.
Ella se quedó boquiabierta ante la vista impresionante.
C1 adjective /kɜːrt/

curt

ríspido
Meaning
Rudely brief in speech or manner.
Example
His curt reply made everyone uncomfortable.
Su respuesta ríspida hizo que todos se sintieran incómodos.
C1 verb /taʊt/

tout

promocionar
Meaning
to promote, praise, or advertise aggressively
Example
The company touted its new product as a game-changer.
La empresa promocionó su nuevo producto como un cambio de juego.
C1 adjective /ʌnˈspiːkəbl/

unspeakable

inexpresable
Meaning
too bad or shocking to be expressed in words
Example
The survivors endured unspeakable horrors during the war.
Los sobrevivientes soportaron horrores inexpresables durante la guerra.
A2 adjective /praʊd/

Proud

orgulloso
Meaning
feeling deep pleasure from one's achievements; having high self-respect
Example
She was proud of her daughter's academic achievements.
Ella estaba orgullosa de los logros académicos de su hija.
B2 noun /bluːz/

blues

blues
Meaning
a feeling of sadness; a style of music with melancholy themes
Example
Listening to blues music always calms him down.
Escuchar música blues siempre lo calma.
C1 noun /ˌrev.əˈluː.ʃən.ər.i ˈbreɪk.θruː/

revolutionary breakthrough

descubrimiento revolucionario
Meaning
A sudden, dramatic, and important discovery or development that changes everything.
Example
Robotic surgery is a revolutionary breakthrough in healthcare.
La cirugía robótica es un descubrimiento revolucionario en la atención sanitaria.
B1 adjective /səˈfɪʃənt/

Sufficient

suficiente; adecuado para el propósito; satisfactorio
Meaning
enough; adequate for the purpose; satisfactory
Example
We have sufficient time to complete the project.
Tenemos suficiente tiempo para completar el proyecto.
C2 noun /əˈmæl.ɡəm/

amalgam

mezcla
Meaning
a mixture or blend of different things
Example
The new policy is an amalgam of several previous laws.
La nueva política es una mezcla de varias leyes anteriores.
C2 noun/verb /ˈlɛv.ən/

leaven

levadura
Meaning
a substance, typically yeast, that causes dough to rise; to permeate and modify
Example
A little yeast will leaven the bread dough.
Un poco de levadura hará que la masa del pan suba.
C1 noun /əˈrɪs.tə.kræt/

Aristocrat

aristócrata; persona de nobleza
Meaning
a member of the aristocracy; a person of noble rank or birth
Example
The aristocrat lived in a magnificent castle.
El aristócrata vivía en un castillo magnífico.
B2 noun /ˈɒs.trɪtʃ/

Ostrich

avestruz
Meaning
a large flightless bird native to Africa with long legs and neck
Example
The ostrich is the world's largest bird.
El avestruz es el pájaro más grande del mundo.
C2 adverb /ˈtrɛbli/

trebly

triplemente
Meaning
in a triple manner or to a threefold degree
Example
The sound was trebly distorted through the old speakers.
El sonido estaba distorsionado en tres formas por los viejos altavoces