Quack
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C1 noun /kwæk/

Quack

charlatán
Meaning
a person who pretends to be a doctor but has no medical training; the sound a duck makes
Example
People should be careful not to trust medical advice from a quack.
Las personas deben tener cuidado de no confiar en consejos médicos de un charlatán.
B1 verb /kənˈtɪnjuɪŋ/

continuing

continuando
Meaning
to keep doing something without stopping
Example
They are continuing their journey despite the rain.
Ellos están continuando su viaje a pesar de la lluvia.
C1 noun /ʃoʊl/

shoal

cardumen
Meaning
a large group of fish swimming together; a shallow place in water
Example
We saw a shoal of fish near the coast.
Vimos un cardumen de peces cerca de la costa.
C1 adjective lɪŋˈɡwɪs.tɪk

linguistic

lingüístico
Meaning
Related to language or linguistics; concerning the scientific study of language.
Example
The AI model learns from linguistic patterns.
El modelo de IA aprende de los patrones lingüísticos.
C2 noun /kəˈlɒsəti/

callosity

piel engrosada
Meaning
A thickened or hardened area of skin; insensitivity or hardness of character.
Example
Years of manual labor left callosity on his hands.
Años de trabajo manual dejaron callosidad en sus manos.
B1 noun /sɛks/

sex

sexo
Meaning
the biological distinction between male and female; sexual activity
Example
He was asked about his sex at the doctor's office.
Se le preguntó sobre su sexo en el consultorio del médico.
C2 adjective /ˈdʒɪg.ərd/

Jiggered

sorprendido; asombrado;
Meaning
surprised or astonished; confused or puzzled
Example
I'll be jiggered if I know what happened here.
Me sorprendería si supiera lo que ocurrió aquí.
A1 noun /faɪər/

Fire

fuego
Meaning
combustion or burning, in which substances combine chemically with oxygen from the air
Example
The fire in the fireplace provided warmth and a cozy atmosphere.
El fuego en la chimenea proporcionó calor y un ambiente acogedor.
A1 interjection /həˈloʊ/

hello

hola
Meaning
a greeting or expression used when meeting someone or starting a conversation
Example
She answered the phone with a cheerful hello.
Ella respondió al teléfono con un alegre hola.
C1 noun /ˈʃrɪŋkɪdʒ/

shrinkage

encogimiento
Meaning
The process of becoming smaller in size, amount, or value.
Example
The company reported a shrinkage in profits this quarter.
La empresa reportó un encogimiento en las ganancias de este trimestre.
B2 adjective /ˈpəʊstwɔːr/

postwar

postguerra
Meaning
occurring or existing after a war
Example
The postwar period saw significant economic growth.
El periodo de postguerra vio un crecimiento económico significativo.
C1 noun /ˌɛksɛnˈtrɪsəti/

eccentricity

excentricidad
Meaning
the quality of being unconventional or slightly strange
Example
His eccentricity made him both admired and misunderstood.
Su excentricidad lo hizo ser tanto admirado como incomprendido.
C2 verb /ˈɪməleɪt/

immolate

inmolar
Meaning
To kill or sacrifice, especially by burning.
Example
The protesters threatened to immolate themselves in front of the building.
Los manifestantes amenazaron con inmolarse frente al edificio.
B1 noun /ˈwɜːrkʃɒp/

workshop

taller
Meaning
a room or building where people engage in work or creative activities
Example
The workshop focused on improving technical skills for young professionals.
El taller se centró en mejorar las habilidades técnicas para jóvenes profesionales.
B2 noun /dɪsˈpoʊzl/

disposal

eliminación
Meaning
the action or process of getting rid of something
Example
The disposal of waste is crucial for maintaining a clean environment.
La eliminación de residuos es crucial para mantener un ambiente limpio.
C1 noun prɪˈzɝː.və.tɪv

preservative

conservante
Meaning
A chemical substance that prevents decay, fermentation, or other natural processes that cause food deterioration.
Example
Artificial preservatives are harmful to health.
Los conservantes artificiales son perjudiciales para la salud.
A1 noun /ˈʌŋkəl/

uncle

tío
Meaning
the brother of one's father or mother
Example
My uncle is visiting us next week.
Mi tío nos visitará la próxima semana.
C1 verb /blɜːrt/

blurt

decir algo sin pensar
Meaning
to say something suddenly without thinking
Example
He blurts out the secret accidentally.
Él dice el secreto accidentalmente.
B2 noun /ræntʃ/

ranch

granja ganadera
Meaning
a large farm where animals such as cattle or sheep are raised
Example
They own a huge cattle ranch in Texas.
Ellos poseen una granja ganadera enorme en Texas.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈdʌstriəs/

industrious

trabajador
Meaning
Hardworking and diligent in one's duties.
Example
She is an industrious student who always completes her assignments on time.
Ella es una estudiante trabajadora que siempre completa sus tareas a tiempo.
A2 noun /sprɪŋ/

spring

primavera
Meaning
the season between winter and summer when plants begin to grow
Example
Flowers bloom in the spring.
Las flores florecen en la primavera.
A2 noun /ˈfɪɡ.jər/

Figure

figura; imagen; número;
Meaning
a number, especially one which forms part of official statistics; the shape of a human body
Example
The sales figure for this quarter exceeded all expectations.
La cifra de ventas de este trimestre superó todas las expectativas.
A1 noun /ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːrsɪti/

university

universidad
Meaning
an institution of higher education and research, which grants academic degrees
Example
She is studying law at the university.
Ella está estudiando derecho en la universidad.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈtændʒəbl/

intangible

intangible
Meaning
Unable to be touched or grasped; not having a physical presence.
Example
Trust is an intangible quality in relationships.
La confianza es una cualidad intangible en las relaciones.
C2 noun /njuːˈmɪzmətɪst/

numismatist

numismático
Meaning
A person who studies or collects coins, paper currency, and medals.
Example
The numismatist displayed his rare coin collection at the exhibition.
El numismático exhibió su rara colección de monedas en la exposición
B2 noun /ˈtreɪdmɑːrk/

trademark

marca registrada
Meaning
a symbol, word, or words legally registered or established by use as representing a company or product
Example
The company’s logo is its trademark.
El logo de la empresa es su marca registrada.
C1 noun /ˈmoʊ.tər ˈlɔː.ri/

Motor lorry

camión motorizado
Meaning
a large motor vehicle used for transporting goods; truck
Example
The motor lorry delivered fresh vegetables to the market.
El camión motorizado entregó verduras frescas al mercado.
B1 adjective /əˈlɜːrt/

alert

alerta
Meaning
quick to notice and respond to potential danger or issues; aware and attentive
Example
The alert dog barked at the stranger approaching the house.
El perro alerta ladró al extraño que se acercaba a la casa.
B1 noun /ˈvɪk.tɪm/

Victim

víctima
Meaning
a person who suffers harm, injury, or death as a result of an event or action
Example
The victim was taken to the hospital immediately.
La víctima fue llevada al hospital inmediatamente.
C1 noun/verb /ˈhɛrəld/

herald

heraldo
Meaning
A person or thing that announces or signals the approach of something; to announce or signal.
Example
The blooming flowers herald the arrival of spring.
Las flores que florecen anuncian la llegada de la primavera.
C2 adjective /ˌsuːdəˈrɪfɪk/

sudorific

sudorífico
Meaning
causing or increasing sweating
Example
The doctor prescribed a sudorific drug to help reduce the fever.
El doctor recetó un medicamento sudorífico para reducir la fiebre.
C1 adjective ˈmer.ɪt beɪst

merit-based

basado en méritos
Meaning
Based on or determined by individual merit, ability, or achievement rather than other factors.
Example
Merit-based recruitment strengthens the workforce.
El reclutamiento basado en méritos fortalece la fuerza laboral.
B2 adjective /ˈrɪdʒ.ɪd/

Rigid

rígido
Meaning
hard and stiff; not able to bend; strict and unwilling to change
Example
The company has a rigid dress code that all employees must follow.
La empresa tiene un código de vestimenta rígido que todos los empleados deben seguir.
C1 verb pleɪɡd

plagued

afligido
Meaning
Troubled or afflicted persistently by problems or difficulties.
Example
People are plagued by anxiety and depression.
Las personas están afligidas por la ansiedad y la depresión.
C2 noun /ˌfɑːsfəˈrɛsəns/

phosphorescence

fosforescencia
Meaning
the property of emitting light without noticeable heat
Example
The deep-sea creatures displayed a beautiful phosphorescence.
Las criaturas del fondo marino exhibieron una hermosa fosforescencia.
A2 adjective /əˈmeɪzɪŋ/

amazing

asombroso
Meaning
causing great surprise or wonder; astonishing
Example
The magician performed an amazing trick.
El mago realizó un truco asombroso.
C1 verb /ˌdɪsˈmaʊnt/

dismount

bajarse
Meaning
to get off or down from something, especially a horse, bicycle, or motorcycle
Example
The rider dismounted from the horse after a long journey.
El jinete se bajó del caballo después de un largo viaje.
C1 verb /ˈrɛplɪkeɪt/

replicate

replicar
Meaning
to copy, reproduce, or duplicate something exactly
Example
The scientist tried to replicate the experiment for accuracy.
El científico intentó replicar el experimento para mayor precisión.
C1 adjective /ˌiːɡoʊˈsentrɪk/

egocentric

egocéntrico
Meaning
thinking only about yourself and not about others
Example
His egocentric behavior annoyed everyone at the meeting.
Su comportamiento egocéntrico molestó a todos en la reunión.
B2 noun breɪn ˈtreɪ.nɪŋ

brain-training

entrenamiento cerebral
Meaning
Mental exercises designed to improve cognitive functions, memory retention, and overall brain performance.
Example
Regular brain-training can improve memory retention.
El entrenamiento cerebral regular puede mejorar la retención de la memoria.
C2 adjective /ˌdɛlɪˈkwɛsənt/

deliquescent

que se convierte en líquido al absorber humedad
Meaning
tending to become liquid by absorbing moisture from the air
Example
Sugar is not deliquescent, but salt can be.
El azúcar no es deliquescente, pero la sal sí puede serlo.
B2 noun /maɪˈnɔːr.ɪ.ti/

minority

minoría
Meaning
A smaller number or part, especially a group differing from the majority.
Example
The law aims to protect the rights of ethnic minorities.
La ley tiene como objetivo proteger los derechos de las minorías étnicas.
C2 noun/adjective /ɪˈmɒliənt/

emollient

sustancia que suaviza la piel
Meaning
a substance that softens or soothes the skin
Example
She used an emollient cream to treat her dry skin.
Ella usó una crema emoliente para tratar su piel seca.
C2 adjective /ˈɛdɪfaɪɪŋ/

edifying

edificante
Meaning
Providing moral or intellectual instruction or enlightenment.
Example
The documentary was both entertaining and edifying.
El documental fue tanto entretenido como edificante.
B2 noun /kənˈdʒʌŋkʃən/

conjunction

conjunción
Meaning
a word used to connect clauses or sentences, or to coordinate words
Example
The words 'and' and 'but' are common conjunctions.
Las palabras 'y' y 'pero' son conjunciones comunes.
B1 noun ˈɪmpækt

impact

impacto
Meaning
A strong effect or influence; the action of one object coming forcibly into contact with another.
Example
The decision had great impact.
La decisión tuvo un gran impacto.
C2 noun /ˌnjuːməˈreɪʃən/

numeration

numeración
Meaning
the action or process of counting or assigning numbers
Example
The teacher explained the basics of numeration to the students.
El maestro explicó los conceptos básicos de la numeración a los estudiantes.
B1 noun, verb /dɪˈzaɪər/

desire

deseo
Meaning
a strong feeling of wanting something or wishing for something to happen
Example
He has a strong desire to travel the world.
Él tiene un fuerte deseo de viajar por el mundo.
B1 noun ˈstrætədʒi

strategy

estrategia
Meaning
A plan of action designed to achieve a long-term or overall aim.
Example
The strategy ensured success.
La estrategia aseguró el éxito.
B2 adjective ˈlɒdʒ.ɪ.kəl

logical

lógico
Meaning
Of or according to the rules of logic or formal argument.
Example
Logical circuits ensure effective computation.
Los circuitos lógicos aseguran un cálculo efectivo.
B1 noun /ɪkˈspreʃ.ən/

Expression

expresión; manifestación;
Meaning
the act of making thoughts or feelings known; a look on someone's face
Example
The artist's painting was a beautiful expression of her inner emotions.
La pintura del artista fue una hermosa expresión de sus emociones internas.
A2 noun /ˈraɪ.tər/

Writer

escritor
Meaning
a person who writes books, articles, or other written works
Example
The writer spent hours crafting the perfect sentence.
El escritor pasó horas creando la frase perfecta.
C2 adjective /ɪˈmɒdɪst/

immodest

presuntuoso / indecente
Meaning
lacking humility or decency; excessively proud or improper
Example
His immodest remarks offended the audience.
Sus comentarios presuntuosos ofendieron a la audiencia.
B2 verb /briːd/

breed

criar, reproducir
Meaning
to produce young animals; to reproduce; to keep animals for producing young
Example
They breed horses on their farm.
Ellos crían caballos en su granja.
C2 adjective /ˈrɛd.ələnt/

redolent

oloroso
Meaning
having a strong pleasant smell; strongly reminiscent or suggestive of something
Example
The kitchen was redolent of spices and fresh herbs.
La cocina olía a especias y hierbas frescas.
B2 noun ˌrɛstəˈreɪʃən

restoration

restauración
Meaning
The process of returning something to its former condition.
Example
The restoration of the forest began after decades of neglect.
La restauración del bosque comenzó después de décadas de negligencia.
C1 adjective deft

deft

habilidoso
Meaning
Neatly skillful and quick in one's movements; dexterous and adroit.
Example
The artist's deft hands created a masterpiece.
Las manos hábiles del artista crearon una obra maestra.
C2 adjective /ˌdɪsəˈfɛktɪd/

disaffected

descontento
Meaning
Dissatisfied and rebellious, especially against authority or leadership.
Example
The reforms were introduced to calm the disaffected youth.
Se introdujeron reformas para calmar a los jóvenes descontentos.
C1 noun /ɪnˈɛk.wɪ.ti/

inequity

inequidad
Meaning
Lack of fairness or justice; unequal distribution or treatment.
Example
Social inequity continues to be a global issue.
La inequidad social sigue siendo un problema global.
A1 preposition /æt/

at

en
Meaning
used to indicate a specific time, place, or direction
Example
She arrived at the airport on time.
Ella llegó a tiempo al aeropuerto.
C2 noun /ˈæf.ə.rɪ.zəm/

aphorism

aforismo
Meaning
a short, witty saying that expresses a general truth or principle
Example
He began his speech with an aphorism about life and success.
Él comenzó su discurso con un aforismo sobre la vida y el éxito.
B1 verb /ɪnˈvɑːlv/

involve

involucrar
Meaning
to include as a necessary part, or to engage someone in an activity
Example
The project will involve several departments working together.
El proyecto involucrará varios departamentos trabajando juntos.
B1 adverb /ɪnˈkriːsɪŋli/

increasingly

cada vez más
Meaning
more and more over time
Example
People are increasingly concerned about climate change.
Las personas están cada vez más preocupadas por el cambio climático.
B1 adjective /ˈsætɪsfaɪd/

satisfied

satisfecho
Meaning
Pleased or content with what has been achieved or received.
Example
He felt satisfied after finishing his project.
Se sintió satisfecho después de terminar su proyecto.
C1 adjective /ˈpʊʃi/

pushy

insistente
Meaning
excessively assertive or aggressive, often annoyingly so
Example
The salesperson was too pushy, which drove customers away.
El vendedor era demasiado insistente, lo que alejó a los clientes.
B2 noun /aɪˌdɛntɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/

identification

identificación
Meaning
the process of recognizing or proving who or what someone or something is
Example
You need proper identification to enter the building.
Necesitas una identificación adecuada para entrar al edificio.
C1 adjective ˈpɪv.ə.təl

pivotal

fundamental
Meaning
Of crucial importance in relation to the development or success of something else.
Example
Renewable energy plays a pivotal role in sustainability.
La energía renovable juega un papel fundamental en la sostenibilidad.
C1 noun /ˌpændəˈmoʊniəm/

pandemonium

pandemonio
Meaning
Wild and noisy disorder or confusion; uproar.
Example
When the concert was canceled, pandemonium broke out among the crowd.
Cuando el concierto fue cancelado, se desató el pandemonio entre la multitud.
A2 verb /ˌɪntrəˈduːs/

introduce

presentar
Meaning
to present someone; to bring in for the first time
Example
Let me introduce you to my friend.
Déjame presentarte a mi amigo.
C1 noun /ɪˈnɪɡ.mə/

enigma

enigma
Meaning
A person or thing that is mysterious, puzzling, or difficult to understand.
Example
Life remains an enigma to many.
La vida sigue siendo un enigma para muchos.
B1 noun /kɔːr/

core

núcleo
Meaning
the central or most important part of something
Example
Honesty is at the core of their values.
La honestidad está en el núcleo de sus valores.
A1 pronoun /ðæt/

that

ese
Meaning
used to identify a specific person or thing observed or heard
Example
That is my book on the table.
Ese es mi libro en la mesa.
C2 noun /ˈhæbɪtjuːd/

habitude

hábito, costumbre
Meaning
a customary condition or mode of life; habitual practice
Example
He lived in a quiet habitude, avoiding the noise of the city.
Vivía en un hábito tranquilo, evitando el ruido de la ciudad.
B2 noun /joʊlk/

Yolk

yema de huevo
Meaning
the yellow internal part of a bird's egg, especially a hen's egg, which is rich in protein and fat
Example
She separated the egg white from the yolk.
Ella separó la clara del huevo de la yema.
B2 noun /dɪsˈkʌmfərt/

discomfort

incomodidad
Meaning
A feeling of slight pain, unease, or awkwardness.
Example
She shifted in her chair due to discomfort in her back.
Se movió en su silla debido a la incomodidad en su espalda.
C1 verb /dɪˈfeɪs/

deface

desfigurar
Meaning
to spoil the surface or appearance of something, especially by writing or drawing on it
Example
The vandals defaced the wall with graffiti.
Los vándalos desfiguraron la pared con grafitis.
A1 noun /ˈles.ən/

Lesson

lección
Meaning
a period of learning or teaching; an experience that teaches you something
Example
Today's math lesson was about fractions.
La lección de matemáticas de hoy fue sobre fracciones.
B1 noun /weɪdʒ/

Wage

salario; sueldo;
Meaning
money paid to someone for work, especially for work done by the hour or day
Example
The company increased the minimum wage for all workers.
La empresa aumentó el salario mínimo para todos los trabajadores.
C1 noun /lʌmp/

Lump

bulto; trozo; pedazo
Meaning
a compact mass of a substance, especially one without a definite or regular shape
Example
She found a lump of sugar in the bowl.
Ella encontró un trozo de azúcar en el tazón.
A1 adjective /mʌm/

Mum

silencioso; no decir nada; quedarse callado
Meaning
silent; saying nothing; keeping quiet
Example
He kept mum about the surprise party plans.
Él se quedó callado sobre los planes de la fiesta sorpresa.
C1 adjective /priːˈɛmɪnənt/

preeminent

preeminente
Meaning
Surpassing all others; very distinguished in some way.
Example
She is a preeminent scientist in the field of genetics.
Ella es una científica preeminente en el campo de la genética.
C2 adjective /əˈkɪliən/

achillean

achilliano
Meaning
like or characteristic of Achilles; strong but vulnerable
Example
His achillean pride made him blind to danger.
Su orgullo achilliano lo hizo ciego al peligro.
A2 noun ˈɡeɪ.mɪŋ

gaming

jugar videojuegos o juegos competitivos
Meaning
The practice of playing video games or competitive games.
Example
Gaming has evolved into a billion-dollar industry.
El gaming se ha convertido en una industria multimillonaria.
C2 verb /ʌnˈkaʊtʃ/

uncouch

sacar del sofá (uso raro)
Meaning
to remove from a couch or to release from being laid down (rare/archaic usage)
Example
The surgeon attempted to uncouch the cataract.
El cirujano intentó sacar la catarata.
B2 adjective /ˈklʌm.zi/

clumsy

torpe
Meaning
awkward in movement or lacking skill
Example
He is so clumsy that he drops things all the time.
Él es tan torpe que siempre deja caer cosas.
C1 verb /ˌriːˈsiːt/

reseat

reubicar
Meaning
to seat someone again or to fit something back into its place
Example
The usher had to reseat the guests after the interruption.
El acomodador tuvo que reubicar a los invitados después de la interrupción.
C2 noun /ˈklɔɪstər/

cloister

claustro
Meaning
a covered walk in a convent, monastery, or cathedral, typically with a wall on one side and a colonnade open to a quadrangle on the other.
Example
The monks walked silently through the cloister.
Los monjes caminaron en silencio a través del claustro.
B2 verb /pəˈreɪd/

parade

desfilar, exhibir
Meaning
to march in a procession; to display publicly; to show off
Example
The soldiers paraded through the streets on Independence Day.
Los soldados desfilaron por las calles en el Día de la Independencia.
C2 adverb /ˌpɛlˈmɛl/

pell-mell

de manera desordenada
Meaning
In a confused, rushed, or disorderly manner.
Example
The children ran pell-mell through the playground.
Los niños corrieron de manera desordenada por el patio de recreo.
A2 noun /ˈjuːzər/

user

usuario
Meaning
a person who uses or operates something
Example
He is a frequent user of this app.
Él es un usuario frecuente de esta aplicación.
C2 noun /ˈdeɪ.mæn/

day-man

trabajador diario
Meaning
a worker employed by the day; a day laborer
Example
The farmer hired a day-man to help with the harvest.
El agricultor contrató a un trabajador diario para ayudar con la cosecha.
A2 adjective ˈɡləʊ.bəl

global

global
Meaning
Relating to the whole world; worldwide.
Example
Global collaboration improves connectivity.
La colaboración global mejora la conectividad.
A1 noun /speɪs/

space

espacio
Meaning
The dimensions of height, depth, and width within which all things exist and move.
Example
Space exploration expands human knowledge.
La exploración del espacio amplía el conocimiento humano.
C1 noun /ˌɡaɪnəˈkɒlədʒi/

gynecology

ginecología
Meaning
the branch of medicine dealing with women's reproductive health
Example
She decided to specialize in gynecology after medical school.
Decidió especializarse en ginecología después de la escuela de medicina.
B2 noun /tɒŋz/

Tongs

tenazas
Meaning
a tool consisting of two movable arms that are joined at one end, used for picking up and holding things
Example
Use the tongs to pick up the hot pieces of meat from the grill.
Usa las tenazas para recoger los trozos calientes de carne de la parrilla.
C2 adjective /bɪˈfɒɡd/

befogged

confuso, aturdido
Meaning
Confused or clouded in mind; made unclear like being surrounded by fog.
Example
His mind felt befogged after the long and exhausting meeting.
Su mente se sentía confusa después de la larga y agotadora reunión.
C2 noun /ˌkɒnsæŋˈɡwɪnɪti/

consanguinity

consanguinidad
Meaning
The fact of being descended from the same ancestor; blood relationship.
Example
The degree of consanguinity was important in inheritance laws.
El grado de consanguinidad era importante en las leyes de herencia.
C1 verb /skʌlpt/

sculpt

felicidad
Meaning
to create or shape something by carving or molding
Example
The artist sculpted a beautiful statue from marble.
Ella no pudo ocultar su felicidad cuando recibió el premio.
C1 noun /ˌdev.əˈtiː/

Devotee

devoto; seguidor
Meaning
a person who is very interested in and enthusiastic about someone or something
Example
As a devotee of classical music, she attended every concert in the city.
Como devota de la música clásica, asistió a cada concierto en la ciudad.
C1 noun /kənˈtʃɛrtoʊ/

concerto

composición musical
Meaning
a musical composition for one or more solo instruments accompanied by an orchestra
Example
She played a Mozart concerto with the orchestra.
Ella tocó un concierto de Mozart con la orquesta.
A2 noun /ˈsuːt.keɪs/

suitcase

maleta
Meaning
A portable rectangular container for carrying clothes and personal items when traveling
Example
She packed her clothes into a suitcase for the trip.
Ella metió su ropa en una maleta para el viaje.
C2 noun /ˈnɒn.ɪʤ/

Nonage

minoría de edad
Meaning
the period of being under the legal age of majority; youth or immaturity
Example
During his nonage, all legal decisions were made by his guardian.
Durante su minoría de edad, todas las decisiones legales fueron tomadas por su tutor.
C1 noun /ˌɪn.səˌbɔːr.dɪˈneɪ.ʃən/

insubordination

insubordinación
Meaning
Defiance of authority; refusal to obey orders.
Example
The soldier was punished for insubordination during the mission.
El soldado fue castigado por insubordinación durante la misión.
B2 verb /ˈkɒnstɪtjuːt/

constitute

constituir
Meaning
To make up, form, or establish something.
Example
These documents constitute the legal agreement between the two parties.
Estos documentos constituyen el acuerdo legal entre las dos partes.
C2 noun /ˌæpəˈrɪʃən/

apparition

aparición fantasmagórica
Meaning
A ghostly figure or an unusual or unexpected appearance.
Example
The children were frightened by the sudden apparition in the old house.
Los niños se asustaron por la repentina aparición en la casa vieja.
C1 noun /ˌɪn.dɪˈsɪʒ.ən/

Indecision

indecisión; duda; vacilación
Meaning
the inability to make decisions quickly; uncertainty about what to do
Example
Her indecision about which job offer to accept caused her to miss both opportunities.
Su indecisión sobre qué oferta de trabajo aceptar la llevó a perder ambas oportunidades.
C2 noun /ˈbed.ləm/

Bedlam

caos; confusión ruidosa
Meaning
a scene of noisy confusion; chaos and disorder
Example
The classroom was complete bedlam after the fire alarm.
El salón de clases estaba completamente caótico después de la alarma de incendios.
A2 noun /ˈdaɪnɪŋ/

dining

cena
Meaning
the act of eating a meal, especially in a formal setting
Example
We enjoyed fine dining at the new restaurant.
Disfrutamos de una excelente cena en el nuevo restaurante.
C1 adjective ʌnˈtʃɑːtɪd

uncharted

inexplorado
Meaning
Not mapped or surveyed; unknown or unexplored.
Example
The mission aimed to explore uncharted areas of the planet.
La misión tenía como objetivo explorar áreas inexploradas del planeta.
C2 noun /ˈkæθoʊd/

cathode

electrodo negativo
Meaning
The negative electrode in a device such as a battery or tube, where electrons enter.
Example
The cathode emits electrons in the tube.
El cátodo emite electrones en el tubo.
B2 verb ˈfaɪ.nəl.aɪz

finalize

finalizar
Meaning
To complete arrangements for something; put into final form.
Example
The treaty was finalized after the discussions.
El tratado fue finalizado después de las discusiones.
C2 noun /ˌdʒerənˈtɑːkrəsi/

gerontocracy

gerontocracia
Meaning
A system of government or control by old people.
Example
The country was seen as a gerontocracy, dominated by elderly leaders.
El país era visto como una gerontocracia, dominada por líderes ancianos.
B2 noun /trəˈdɪʃ.ən.əl ɪˈkɒn.ə.mi/

traditional economy

economía tradicional
Meaning
An economic system based on customs and traditions, often involving barter trade.
Example
Tribes still practice a traditional economy based on barter trade.
Las tribus todavía practican una economía tradicional basada en el trueque.
C1 noun ɪnˈsɛpʃən

inception

inicio
Meaning
The establishment or starting point of an institution or activity.
Example
The inception of the company marked a new era in the industry.
La incepción de la empresa marcó una nueva era en la industria.
B1 noun riˈækʃən

reaction

reacción
Meaning
An action performed or a feeling experienced in response to a situation or event.
Example
The arrests triggered a reaction.
Las detenciones desencadenaron una reacción.
B1 noun /ˈhændˌraɪ.tɪŋ/

handwriting

letra manuscrita
Meaning
the style or manner of writing by hand.
Example
Her handwriting is very neat and easy to read.
Su letra manuscrita es muy clara y fácil de leer.
C1 adjective /kəˈmɛmərətɪv/

commemorative

conmemorativo
Meaning
Serving as a reminder or in honor of a person or event.
Example
They issued a commemorative coin for the independence anniversary.
Emitieron una moneda conmemorativa para el aniversario de la independencia.
C1 noun /ˈræʃən/

ration

ración
Meaning
a fixed amount of something, especially food, officially allowed to each person
Example
During the war, each family received a weekly ration of rice.
Durante la guerra, cada familia recibía una ración semanal de arroz.
C2 verb /rɪˈfrækt/

refract

refractar
Meaning
To bend light, sound, or heat as it passes through a medium.
Example
The water refracts light, making the straw look bent.
El agua refracta la luz, haciendo que la pajilla se vea doblada.
C2 adjective /ɒmˈnɪʃ.ənt/

Omniscient

omnisciente
Meaning
having complete knowledge; all-knowing
Example
The narrator in the novel appears to be omniscient, knowing every character's thoughts.
El narrador en la novela parece ser omnisciente, conociendo todos los pensamientos de los personajes.
C2 noun /flæks/

flax

lino
Meaning
a plant whose fibers are used to make linen and whose seeds are edible
Example
Flax is often used in making linen fabrics.
El lino se usa a menudo para hacer telas de lino.