preface
All a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
All CEFR A1 A2 B1 B2 C1 C2
Content locale
EN English BN Bengali HI Hindi ES Español FR Francés DE Alemán RU Ruso ZH Chino JA Japonés
All Vocabulary Cards All Vocabularies
B2 noun /ˈprɛfəs/

preface

prefacio
Meaning
an introduction to a book, speech, or other written work
Example
The author explained his motivation in the preface.
El autor explicó su motivación en el prefacio.
A2 verb /ˈkɑːpi/

copy

copiar
Meaning
to make an identical reproduction of something
Example
Please copy this document for the meeting.
Por favor, copie este documento para la reunión.
B2 adjective /ˈθɔːr.ni/

Thorny

espinoso; difícil
Meaning
having thorns; difficult to handle or deal with
Example
The thorny issue of budget cuts needs careful consideration.
El espinoso problema de los recortes presupuestarios necesita una consideración cuidadosa.
B2 noun /kreɪn/

Crane

grúa
Meaning
a large tall bird with long legs and neck; a machine for lifting heavy objects
Example
The graceful crane stood motionless by the water's edge.
La grácil grúa permaneció inmóvil al borde del agua.
A2 noun /ˈtɜːr.nɪŋ/

Turning

giro; carretera secundaria
Meaning
a place where a road branches off from another; a side road
Example
Take the first turning on the left.
Tome la primera curva a la izquierda.
C1 noun /ˈstɛə.rɪ.əʊˌtaɪ.pɪŋ/

stereotyping

estereotipar
Meaning
A widely held but fixed and oversimplified image or idea of a particular type of person or thing.
Example
Stereotyping people based on their race is harmful.
Estereotipar a las personas según su raza es perjudicial.
B2 noun /ˈfriːˌlænsər/

freelancer

trabajador independiente
Meaning
A person who works independently without being permanently employed by one organization.
Example
She works as a freelancer designing websites for different clients.
Ella trabaja como freelancer diseñando sitios web para diferentes clientes.
B2 noun /ˈtiːmmeɪt/

teammate

compañero de equipo
Meaning
a member of the same team
Example
He congratulated his teammate after scoring the goal.
Él felicitó a su compañero de equipo después de marcar el gol.
C2 verb /ɛnˈkɪndl/

enkindle

encender, inspirar
Meaning
to set on fire or inspire strong emotion
Example
The speech enkindled hope in the audience.
El discurso encendió la esperanza en la audiencia.
C2 adjective /ɪˈkwɪvəkəl/

equivocal

ambiguo
Meaning
Open to more than one interpretation; ambiguous.
Example
His equivocal answer confused everyone.
Su respuesta ambigua confundió a todos.
C1 noun /ˌɪnkɑːrˈneɪʃən/

incarnation

encarnación
Meaning
the embodiment of a deity, spirit, or quality in a physical form
Example
The monk was considered the incarnation of compassion.
El monje fue considerado la encarnación de la compasión.
C2 noun /sɪˈnɛrəsɪs/

syneresis

sineresis
Meaning
The contraction of two adjacent vowels into a single syllable or the separation of liquid from a gel.
Example
The yogurt showed syneresis when liquid separated on top.
El yogur mostró sinéresis cuando el líquido se separó en la parte superior.
C1 verb /əˈfɪks/

affix

adjuntar / pegar
Meaning
to attach or stick something firmly to another thing
Example
Please affix the stamp to the envelope.
Por favor, adjunte el sello al sobre.
A1 verb /feɪs/

face

enfrentar
Meaning
to confront or deal with; to turn toward; to have the front in a particular direction
Example
She had to face many challenges in her new job.
Ella tuvo que enfrentar muchos desafíos en su nuevo trabajo.
B2 noun /ˌfiː.ɑːnˈseɪ/

Fiancee

prometida
Meaning
a woman who is engaged to be married
Example
John bought a beautiful engagement ring for his fiancee.
John compró un hermoso anillo de compromiso para su prometida.
C2 adjective /ˈækwɪˌlaɪn/

aquiline

de pico de águila
Meaning
curved like an eagle's beak; hooked
Example
He had an aquiline nose that gave him a distinguished appearance.
Él tenía una nariz de pico de águila que le daba una apariencia distinguida.
B2 verb /ˈænəlaɪz/

analyze

analizar
Meaning
to examine something in detail to understand it better or draw conclusions
Example
Scientists analyze data to discover new patterns.
Los científicos analizan los datos para descubrir nuevos patrones.
C1 adjective /ˈstɪltɪd/

stilted

artificial, forzado
Meaning
Speech or writing that is stiff, unnatural, or overly formal.
Example
His speech sounded stilted and rehearsed.
Su discurso sonaba forzado y ensayado.
B2 adjective /hoʊˈlɪs.tɪk/

holistic

holístico
Meaning
Understanding or analyzing something through a comprehensive, integrated whole perspective.
Example
A holistic approach to health considers both body and mind.
Un enfoque holístico de la salud considera tanto el cuerpo como la mente.
C2 adjective /ʌnˈfeɪnd/

unfeigned

genuino
Meaning
genuine; not pretended or insincere
Example
She expressed unfeigned joy at her friend's success.
Ella expresó una alegría genuina por el éxito de su amiga.
C1 noun /ˌspɒn.təˈneɪ.ɪ.ti/

spontaneity

espontaneidad
Meaning
The quality of being spontaneous; natural and unplanned behavior.
Example
His spontaneity makes him a great conversationalist.
Su espontaneidad lo convierte en un gran conversador.
C2 adjective /ˈtæsɪtɜrn/

taciturn

taciturno
Meaning
reserved or uncommunicative in speech; saying little
Example
He was a taciturn man who rarely spoke in meetings.
Era un hombre taciturno que rara vez hablaba en las reuniones.
B2 adjective /proʊn/

Prone

propenso
Meaning
having a tendency to; inclined; lying face down
Example
He is prone to making mistakes when he's tired.
Él es propenso a cometer errores cuando está cansado.
A2 noun /ˈdaɪəri/

diary

diario
Meaning
a book in which one keeps a daily record of events and experiences
Example
She wrote about her day in her diary before going to bed.
Ella escribió sobre su día en su diario antes de acostarse.
C2 noun /loʊd/

lode

vetas minerales
Meaning
A rich source of something, often a vein of valuable metal in the earth.
Example
The miners discovered a rich lode of silver.
Los mineros descubrieron una rica veta de plata.
B1 noun /ˈpɑː.vər.t̬i/

Poverty

pobreza; falta de necesidades básicas
Meaning
the state of being extremely poor; lack of basic necessities
Example
Many organizations work to reduce poverty around the world.
Muchas organizaciones trabajan para reducir la pobreza en todo el mundo.
B2 noun /ˌnɒməˈneɪʃən/

nomination

nominación
Meaning
The act of formally proposing someone for a role, position, or award.
Example
Her nomination for the award surprised everyone.
Su nominación para el premio sorprendió a todos.
B2 verb /ɪnˈkwaɪər/

inquire

preguntar
Meaning
to ask; to investigate
Example
She inquired about the job opening.
Ella preguntó sobre la oferta de trabajo.
C1 noun /ˈpærəbl/

parable

parable
Meaning
A simple story used to illustrate a moral or spiritual lesson.
Example
Jesus often taught using a parable to convey deeper truths.
Jesús a menudo enseñaba usando una parábola para transmitir verdades más profundas.
B2 noun /ˈʃɔːr.tɪdʒ/

Shortage

escasez
Meaning
a lack or deficiency of something that is needed or expected
Example
There is a severe water shortage in the region.
Hay una grave escasez de agua en la region.
C1 adjective /kəmˈplaɪənt/

compliant

conforme
Meaning
Willing to agree with or follow rules, requests, or demands.
Example
She was compliant with all the safety requirements.
Ella estaba conforme con todos los requisitos de seguridad.
C2 adjective /kɔːrˈpɔːriəl/

corporeal

corporal, material
Meaning
relating to the physical body; material or tangible
Example
Ghosts are often described as having no corporeal form.
Los fantasmas a menudo se describen como sin forma corporal.
C1 adjective /ˌpæθəˈdʒɛnɪk/

pathogenic

patógeno
Meaning
Capable of causing disease.
Example
Some bacteria are harmless, while others are highly pathogenic.
Algunas bacterias son inofensivas, mientras que otras son altamente patógenas.
B1 noun /ˈkɔːlɪˌflaʊər/

Cauliflower

coliflor
Meaning
white vegetable with a compact head of undeveloped flower buds
Example
Roasted cauliflower makes a delicious and healthy side dish.
La coliflor asada hace un delicioso y saludable acompañamiento.
A2 verb ˈselɪbreɪt

celebrate

celebrar
Meaning
To acknowledge a significant or happy day or event with a social gathering or enjoyable activity.
Example
Bangladesh celebrates Urban Planning Day on November 8.
España celebra el Día de la Hispanidad el 12 de octubre.
C1 noun /kəmˈprɛʃn̩/

compression

compresión
Meaning
The act of pressing or squeezing something into a smaller space.
Example
File compression helps reduce storage requirements.
La compresión de archivos ayuda a reducir los requisitos de almacenamiento.
C2 verb /mʌlkt/

mulct

multar / defraudar
Meaning
to punish by a fine or to defraud someone of money
Example
The corrupt official was mulcted for his misconduct.
El funcionario corrupto fue multado por su mala conducta.
C1 adjective /ˈspɛktrəl/

spectral

espectral
Meaning
Relating to a ghost or specter; ghostly. Also relating to a spectrum.
Example
The old mansion had a spectral atmosphere at night.
La vieja mansión tenía una atmósfera espectral por la noche.
C2 noun /ɪˈlɛk.trə.taɪp/

electrotype

electrotipo
Meaning
A duplicate printing plate made by electroplating a mold of the original.
Example
The printer used an electrotype to produce multiple copies of the page.
El impresor utilizó un electrotipo para producir múltiples copias de la página.
C2 noun /əˈsɜːrbəti/

acerbity

acerbidad
Meaning
bitterness or sharpness of tone, manner, or taste
Example
The acerbity of his remarks left everyone silent.
La acerbidad de sus comentarios dejó a todos en silencio.
C1 adjective /ˈnɑːkʃəs/

noxious

nocivo
Meaning
harmful, poisonous, or very unpleasant
Example
The factory released noxious fumes into the air.
La fábrica liberó vapores nocivos al aire.
C1 verb /dʒəʊlt/

jolt

sacudida
Meaning
to push or shake someone or something abruptly and roughly
Example
The sudden stop jolted all the passengers forward.
La parada repentina empujó a todos los pasajeros hacia adelante.
C2 adjective /raɪˈpɛə.ri.ən/

riparian

relativo o situado en las orillas de un río u otro cauce de agua
Meaning
Relating to or situated on the banks of a river or other watercourse.
Example
Riparian vegetation helps prevent soil erosion along rivers.
La vegetación ribereña ayuda a prevenir la erosión del suelo a lo largo de los ríos.
B1 noun /prəʊ/

pro

profesional
Meaning
a professional, especially in sports; or a person who is in favor of something
Example
He plays tennis like a pro.
Él juega al tenis como un profesional.
B2 noun ˈæk.tɪv rɪˈkɔːl

Active recall

recuerdo activo
Meaning
A learning technique that involves actively trying to retrieve information from memory rather than passively reviewing material.
Example
Active recall improves long-term memory and retention.
El recuerdo activo mejora la memoria a largo plazo y la retención.
A2 noun /ˈwɛdɪŋ/

wedding

boda
Meaning
a marriage ceremony, especially considered as including the associated celebrations
Example
They are planning a wedding in the summer.
Están planeando una boda en el verano.
A1 verb /liːv/

leave

salir
Meaning
to go away from; to depart or exit
Example
The train leaves at 6 PM.
El tren sale a las 6 PM.
C1 noun /ˈfiːtəs/

fetus

feto
Meaning
an unborn or unhatched offspring in the womb or egg
Example
The doctor explained the development of the fetus during pregnancy.
El doctor explicó el desarrollo del feto durante el embarazo.
C2 noun /ˌhoʊmə.dʒəˈniːəti/

homogeneity

homogeneidad
Meaning
The quality or state of being all the same or all of the same kind.
Example
The cultural homogeneity of the village made it feel unified.
La homogeneidad cultural del pueblo hizo que se sintiera unido.
A2 verb /kjʊər/

cure

curar
Meaning
to make someone healthy again after an illness
Example
The new medicine cured her of the infection.
La nueva medicina la curó de la infección.
A1 adjective /ˈprɪti/

Pretty

bonito; hermoso; atractivo
Meaning
attractive in a delicate way; fairly or moderately
Example
She wore a pretty dress to the party.
Ella llevaba un vestido bonito a la fiesta.
C2 noun /ˈpɛdəˌɡɒɡ/

pedagogue

maestro
Meaning
a teacher, especially a strict or formal one
Example
The old pedagogue insisted on discipline in the classroom.
El viejo maestro insistió en la disciplina en el aula.
C1 noun /kwɔːrˈtɛt/

quartet

cuarteto
Meaning
A group of four people playing music or singing together.
Example
The string quartet performed beautifully at the concert.
El cuarteto de cuerdas actuó maravillosamente en el concierto.
C1 noun /liːtʃ/

Leech

sanguijuela
Meaning
an aquatic or terrestrial annelid worm with suckers at both ends; metaphorically, a person who extorts profit from others
Example
The leech attached itself to his leg while swimming.
La sanguijuela se pegó a su pierna mientras nadaba.
B1 noun /ˌrɛzəˈluːʃən/

resolution

resolución, decisión
Meaning
The action of solving a problem, dispute, or contentious matter.
Example
The resolution of the issue requires careful planning and action.
La resolución del problema requiere una planificación y acción cuidadosa.
B1 noun /ˈpeɪvmənt/

pavement

acera
Meaning
a hard paved surface such as a road or sidewalk; the act or result of paving
Example
She walked along the pavement to reach the bus stop.
Ella caminó por la acera para llegar a la parada del autobús.
A1 noun /dres/

Dress

vestido
Meaning
a piece of clothing for women or girls that covers the body and extends down over the legs
Example
She wore a beautiful blue dress to the party.
Ella llevaba un hermoso vestido azul en la fiesta.
C2 verb /ˌnɒnˈplʌst/

nonplussed

desconcertado
Meaning
Past tense of nonplus; surprised and unsure how to react.
Example
He stood nonplussed at the strange remark.
Se quedó desconcertado por el comentario extraño.
C1 noun ˈrɛp.ə.twɑːr

repertoire

repertorio
Meaning
A stock of plays, dances, or pieces that a company or a performer knows or is prepared to perform.
Example
The actor's repertoire includes both comedy and drama.
El repertorio del actor incluye tanto comedia como drama.
C1 verb /rɪˈmɪt/

remit

enviar dinero / perdonar
Meaning
To send money in payment or as a gift; to cancel or refrain from exacting a debt or punishment.
Example
He promised to remit the payment by the end of the week.
Él prometió remitir el pago antes del final de la semana.
C1 adjective /ˈmeɪkˌʃɪft/

makeshift

improvisado
Meaning
used as a temporary substitute; improvised
Example
They used boxes as a makeshift table.
Usaron cajas como una mesa improvisada.
C2 noun /hɑrˈmoʊniəm/

Harmonium

harmonium
Meaning
a keyboard musical instrument similar to an organ, using air to produce sound
Example
She played devotional songs on the harmonium at the temple.
Ella tocó canciones devocionales en el harmonium del templo.
B1 noun /ˈtʃær.ɪ.ti/

Charity

caridad; generosidad; altruismo
Meaning
the voluntary giving of help to those in need; kindness and tolerance in judging others
Example
The wealthy businessman donated millions to charity for education.
El empresario adinerado donó millones a la caridad para la educación.
B1 adjective, adverb /ˈoʊvərɔːl/

overall

en general
Meaning
in general or as a whole
Example
Overall, the project has been successful.
En general, el proyecto ha sido exitoso.
B2 adverb /ˈkrɪtɪkli/

critically

gravemente
Meaning
in a way that expresses disapproval or a very serious, important way
Example
He was critically injured in the accident.
Él resultó gravemente herido en el accidente.
B2 noun /ɪkˈspen.dɪ.tʃər/

expenditure

gasto
Meaning
The action of spending funds; an amount of money spent.
Example
Managing expenditure is critical for budgeting.
Gestionar el gasto es fundamental para hacer un presupuesto.
A2 verb /lɪft/

lift

levantar
Meaning
to raise or move upward; to pick up
Example
He lifted the heavy box with effort.
Él levantó la caja pesada con esfuerzo.
A2 verb /əkˈsɛpt/

accept

aceptar
Meaning
to receive willingly; to believe or come to recognize
Example
She decided to accept the job offer.
Ella decidió aceptar la oferta de trabajo.
B1 noun /ˈmʌðər ˈlæŋɡwɪdʒ/

mother language

lengua materna
Meaning
the first language a person learns from childhood; native language
Example
Children learn best when they are taught in their mother language.
Los niños aprenden mejor en su lengua materna.
C2 verb /ɛksˈproʊprieɪt/

expropriate

expropiar
Meaning
To take property from its owner, especially by authority or for public use.
Example
The government decided to expropriate the land for a new highway.
El gobierno decidió expropiar la tierra para una nueva carretera.
C1 verb /kʌl/

cull

seleccionar / eliminar
Meaning
to select or remove from a larger group, often to reduce numbers
Example
The farmers decided to cull the sick animals from the herd.
Los granjeros decidieron eliminar a los animales enfermos del rebaño.
C1 noun /ˈnoʊmæd/

nomad

nómada
Meaning
A person who has no permanent home and moves from place to place.
Example
The desert was once home to nomads who lived by herding animals.
El desierto fue una vez hogar de los nómadas que vivían pastoreando animales.
C2 adjective /kəˈmɛnʃərət/

commensurate

proporcional
Meaning
corresponding in size, degree, or extent; proportionate
Example
Salary will be commensurate with experience.
El salario será proporcional a la experiencia.
C2 adjective /ˈtɪtjələr/

titular

titular
Meaning
holding a title or position in name only without real power; relating to the title of a work
Example
She is the titular head of the committee, but decisions are made by the coordinator.
Ella es la titular de la comisión, pero las decisiones las toma el coordinador.
C2 adjective /mæɡˈnɪləkwənt/

magniloquent

lenguaje pomposo
Meaning
using high-flown or pompous language
Example
The politician’s magniloquent speech impressed the crowd.
El discurso pomposo del político impresionó a la multitud.
B1 adjective /kənˈtroʊld/

controlled

controlado
Meaning
managed or regulated carefully; kept within limits
Example
The experiment was conducted in a controlled environment.
El experimento se realizó en un entorno controlado.
C1 adjective /bəˈzɜːrk/

berserk

enloquecido
Meaning
Out of control with anger or excitement; wild or frenzied.
Example
The fans went berserk when their team won the championship.
Los fanáticos se volvieron enloquecidos cuando su equipo ganó el campeonato.
B2 noun /ˌledʒɪsˈleɪʃən/

legislation

legislación
Meaning
laws considered collectively, or the act of making laws
Example
The government passed new legislation to protect the environment.
El gobierno aprobó nueva legislación para proteger el medio ambiente.
A2 conjunction /ɔːlˈðoʊ/

although

aunque
Meaning
in spite of the fact that; even though
Example
Although it was raining, they went for a walk.
Aunque estaba lloviendo, salieron a caminar.
A2 noun /ˈwɜːrkər/

worker

trabajador
Meaning
a person who is employed to perform tasks or duties
Example
The workers were busy building the bridge.
Los trabajadores estaban ocupados construyendo el puente.
B1 noun əˈreɪndʒmənt

arrangement

disposición
Meaning
The way things are organized, positioned, or structured.
Example
The arrangement of protons in the nucleus is critical.
La disposición de los protones en el núcleo es crítica.
C2 noun /ˈvæsəl/

vassal

vasallo
Meaning
A person or country in a subordinate position to another, especially in feudal times under a lord.
Example
The king granted land to his vassal in return for loyalty and service.
El rey otorgó tierras a su vasallo a cambio de lealtad y servicio.
C1 verb /ˌriːˈkæst/

recast

recast
Meaning
To present or change something in a different form or style.
Example
The director decided to recast the role with a younger actor.
El director decidió rehacer el papel con un actor más joven.
C1 adjective /əˈrɛstɪŋ/

arresting

atractivo
Meaning
Attracting attention in a striking or impressive way.
Example
The actress gave an arresting performance.
La actriz dio una actuación atractiva.
C2 verb /məʊlt/

molt

desprender plumas
Meaning
To shed old feathers, skin, or hair to make way for new growth.
Example
Birds molt their feathers once a year.
Los pájaros mudan sus plumas una vez al año.
B2 verb /klɪŋ/

cling

felicidad
Meaning
to hold on tightly to someone or something
Example
The child clung to his mother in fear.
Ella no pudo esconder su felicidad cuando recibió el premio.
B2 adjective /ˈɪn.tɪ.mət/

Intimate

íntimo; cercano; privado
Meaning
close in friendship; private and personal; detailed knowledge
Example
They have an intimate friendship that has lasted for decades.
Ellos tienen una amistad íntima que ha durado décadas.
C1 noun /ˈænvɪl/

anvil

yunque de hierro
Meaning
A heavy iron block used by blacksmiths for hammering and shaping metal.
Example
The blacksmith placed the hot iron on the anvil.
El herrero colocó el hierro caliente sobre el yunque.
B1 noun əbˈdʒek.tɪv

objective

objetivo
Meaning
A thing aimed at or sought; a goal.
Example
The main objective is to test sustainability.
El objetivo principal es probar la sostenibilidad.
A1 noun /ˈpɜːrsən/

person

persona
Meaning
an individual human being
Example
She is a kind person who always helps others.
Ella es una persona amable que siempre ayuda a los demás.
C2 adjective /ˈtɪd.li/

Tiddley

ligeramente borracho; pequeño o diminuto
Meaning
slightly drunk; small or tiny
Example
After a few drinks, he felt a bit tiddley.
Después de unas copas, se sintió un poco tiddley.
A2 noun /toʊ/

Toe

dedo del pie
Meaning
any of the five digits at the end of the human foot
Example
She stubbed her toe on the chair leg.
Ella se golpeó el dedo del pie con la pata de la silla.
B1 noun /ˈleɪ.ər/

Layer

capa; estratificación;
Meaning
a sheet, quantity, or thickness of material, typically one of several, covering a surface or body
Example
The cake has three layers of chocolate.
El pastel tiene tres capas de chocolate.
C2 noun vəˈlɪʃən

volition

volición
Meaning
The faculty or power of using one's will; the power of choosing or determining.
Example
She left the job of her own volition.
Ella dejó el trabajo por su propia volición.
C2 noun /ˈmænˌiː.tər/

man-eater

hombre-devorador
Meaning
An animal that kills and eats humans; informally, a woman who is very assertive in relationships.
Example
The tiger became a notorious man-eater in the village.
El tigre se convirtió en un hombre-devorador famoso en el pueblo.
B2 noun /ˈkɔːtruːm/

courtroom

sala de audiencias
Meaning
a room in which legal cases are heard and decided by a judge
Example
The witness was called to testify in the courtroom.
Se llamo al testigo a testificar en la sala de audiencias.
C2 adjective /ˈtrʌŋkeɪtɪd/

truncated

abreviado
Meaning
shortened by cutting off a part; cut short
Example
The meeting was truncated due to time constraints.
La reunión fue abreviada debido a las limitaciones de tiempo.
A2 noun /ˈdʌzən/

dozen

docena
Meaning
a group of twelve
Example
She bought a dozen eggs from the market.
Ella compró una docena de huevos en el mercado.
B2 adverb /ˌɑːrtɪˈfɪʃəli/

Artificially

artificialmente;
Meaning
by artificial means; not naturally; in a fake manner
Example
The lake was artificially created for irrigation purposes.
El lago fue creado artificialmente para fines de riego.
C2 noun /dɪsˈtɛmpər/

distemper

enfermedad viral que afecta a los animales, especialmente a los perros
Meaning
a viral disease affecting animals, especially dogs; also refers to a state of disorder
Example
The dog was diagnosed with distemper and needed immediate care.
El perro fue diagnosticado con distemper y necesitaba atención inmediata.
C1 noun /ˈsɪtrɪk ˈæsɪd/

Citric Acid

ácido cítrico
Meaning
a natural acid found in citrus fruits, used as a food preservative and flavoring agent
Example
Add a pinch of citric acid to preserve the color of the fruit jam.
Añade una pizca de ácido cítrico para preservar el color de la mermelada de fruta.
B2 noun /kwɪˈziːn/

cuisine

cocina
Meaning
A style or method of cooking, especially characteristic of a particular country or region.
Example
Italian cuisine is famous all over the world.
La cocina italiana es famosa en todo el mundo.
B1 adjective /ʌnˈkʊkt/

uncooked

crudo
Meaning
Not cooked; in a raw state.
Example
Eating uncooked meat can be dangerous.
Comer carne cruda puede ser peligroso.
C2 noun /ˈbɔːbəl/

bauble

adorno pequeño
Meaning
A small, decorative trinket or ornament, often of little value.
Example
She wore a shiny bauble around her neck.
Ella llevaba un adorno pequeño y brillante alrededor de su cuello.
C1 noun /ˈɡreɪdiənt/

gradient

pendiente
Meaning
A gradual slope, or the degree of inclination of a surface.
Example
The cyclist struggled up the steep gradient of the hill.
El ciclista luchó para subir la empinada pendiente de la colina.
C1 noun /ˈaɪ.wɪt.nəs/

Eyewitness

testigo ocular
Meaning
a person who has seen something happen and can give evidence about it
Example
The police interviewed several eyewitnesses to the accident.
La policía entrevistó a varios testigos oculares del accidente.
C1 verb, noun /træmp/

tramp

vagabundo / caminar pesadamente
Meaning
to walk heavily or noisily; a person who travels from place to place on foot, often homeless
Example
They tramped through the forest in heavy boots.
Ellos caminaron a través del bosque con botas gruesas.
C1 noun /tɪf/

tiff

disputa
Meaning
a small or petty quarrel or argument
Example
They had a little tiff over what movie to watch.
Tuvieron una pequeña disputa sobre qué película ver.
C1 noun ˌkɒm.pjʊˈteɪ.ʃən

computation

cálculo
Meaning
The action of mathematical calculation.
Example
Complex computation is required for AI models.
Se requiere un cálculo complejo para los modelos de IA.
B2 noun /ˈkɒmənˌtɛri/

commentary

comentario
Meaning
An expression of opinions or explanations about an event, situation, or text.
Example
The professor's commentary on the novel was insightful.
El comentario del profesor sobre la novela fue perspicaz.
C2 noun /ˌdɛd ˈhiːt/

dead-heat

empate
Meaning
a race or contest in which two or more competitors finish exactly equal
Example
The race ended in a dead-heat between the two runners.
La carrera terminó en un empate entre los dos corredores.
C2 adjective /ˈɔːrəˌtʌnd/

orotund

voz grave y clara
Meaning
full, rich, and clear in sound; pompous in style
Example
The actor's orotund voice filled the theater.
La voz grave del actor llenó el teatro.
B2 noun /ˈleɪbərər/

laborer

obrero
Meaning
a person who does physical work, especially work that requires strength rather than skill
Example
The laborer worked long hours at the construction site.
El obrero trabajó largas horas en la obra.
C2 adjective ˈen.də.krɪn

endocrine

endocrino
Meaning
Relating to or denoting glands that secrete hormones directly into the blood.
Example
The endocrine system regulates metabolism and growth.
El sistema endocrino regula el metabolismo y el crecimiento.
B1 noun /ˈfɑːrməsi/

pharmacy

farmacia
Meaning
A place where medicinal drugs are prepared and sold.
Example
I went to the pharmacy to buy antibiotics.
Fui a la farmacia a comprar antibióticos.
C1 adjective /ˈɜːrksəm/

irksome

molesto
Meaning
annoying or irritating
Example
Waiting in a long line is one of the most irksome tasks.
Esperar en una larga fila es una de las tareas más molestas.
A1 verb /pliːz/

please

complacer
Meaning
to make someone happy or satisfied; used as a polite request
Example
His performance pleased the audience.
Su rendimiento complació a la audiencia.
B2 noun ˌkɒn.stɪˈtjuː.ʃən

constitution

constitución
Meaning
A body of fundamental principles or established precedents according to which a state is governed.
Example
Constitutional reforms ensure equity.
Las reformas constitucionales aseguran la equidad.
C2 noun /lɔːˈdeɪʃən/

laudation

elogio
Meaning
The act of praising or expressing approval.
Example
The poet received much laudation for his moving verses.
El poeta recibió muchos elogios por sus versos conmovedores.
C2 adjective /ˈæsɪnaɪn/

asinine

asinado
Meaning
Extremely foolish or stupid.
Example
It was an asinine idea to drive into the storm without checking the weather.
Fue una idea asina conducir hacia la tormenta sin revisar el clima.
C1 verb /ɪnˈθjuːz/

enthuse

entusiasmar
Meaning
to express excitement or admiration
Example
She enthused about her trip to Italy.
Ella expresó su entusiasmo por su viaje a Italia.