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B1 adjective /ˈpɜːrmənənt/

Permanent

permanente; inmutable
Meaning
lasting; unchanging; enduring
Example
The tattoo is a permanent mark on his skin.
El tatuaje es una marca permanente en su piel.
C2 noun /ˈkɒɡ.nɪ.zəns/

cognizance

conciencia
Meaning
Awareness, knowledge, or understanding of something; conscious perception.
Example
The judge took cognizance of the new evidence.
El juez tomó conciencia de la nueva evidencia.
C2 noun /ˌiː.kəʊ.tɒkˈsɪ.kə.lə.dʒi/

ecotoxicology

ecotoxicología
Meaning
The study of the effects of chemical pollution on the environment.
Example
Ecotoxicology studies the effects of pesticides on wildlife.
La ecotoxicología estudia los efectos de los pesticidas en la vida silvestre.
B2 noun /fʌs/

Fuss

alboroto; agitación; preocupación innecesaria
Meaning
unnecessary worry or bother about something; agitated excitement over a trivial matter
Example
She made such a fuss about the small stain on her dress that everyone noticed.
Hizo tanto alboroto por la pequeña mancha en su vestido que todos lo notaron.
C1 adjective /ˈsiː.naɪl/

senile

debilidad relacionada con la vejez
Meaning
Showing the weaknesses of old age, especially mental decline.
Example
The old man became senile and forgot familiar faces.
El hombre viejo se volvió senil y olvidó rostros familiares.
A2 noun /kəˈmjuː.nə.ti/

community

comunidad
Meaning
a group of people living in the same place or sharing common interests
Example
The community worked together to clean the park.
La comunidad trabajó junta para limpiar el parque.
A2 noun /kraɪm/

crime

delito
Meaning
An illegal act punishable by law.
Example
The police are investigating the crime.
La policía está investigando el crimen.
C2 noun /ˈpɛstɪləns/

pestilence

peste
Meaning
A deadly or virulent epidemic disease that spreads rapidly.
Example
The medieval city was devastated by a pestilence.
La ciudad medieval fue devastada por una peste.
C1 noun/verb /ˈkwɒr.i/

quarry

cantera / presa
Meaning
A place where stone or minerals are extracted; also means prey when hunted.
Example
The workers quarried limestone from the hill.
Los trabajadores extrajeron piedra caliza de la colina.
C1 noun /ɪˈreləvəns/

irrelevance

irrelevancia
Meaning
the quality of not being connected to or important for a particular matter; lack of significance
Example
His long explanation only highlighted the irrelevance of the details to the main issue.
Su larga explicación solo resaltó la irrelevancia de los detalles para el tema principal.
C1 adjective /əˈdɒptɪv/

adoptive

adoptivo
Meaning
relating to the adoption of a child or the act of taking something as one’s own
Example
She grew up in a loving adoptive family.
Ella creció en una familia adoptiva cariñosa.
C1 adjective /ˌhaɪəˈrɑː.kɪ.kəl/

hierarchical

jerárquico
Meaning
arranged in order of rank or authority
Example
The company has a strict hierarchical structure.
La empresa tiene una estructura jerárquica estricta.
B2 noun/verb /ˌoʊvərˈlæp/

overlap

solapamiento
Meaning
To extend over and cover partly; an area where things coincide.
Example
The two meetings overlap by an hour.
Las dos reuniones se solapan por una hora.
C2 verb /ˌɪn.trəˈmɪt/

intromit

introducir
Meaning
To insert or introduce something into a place or body.
Example
The doctor carefully intromitted the instrument into the wound.
El doctor introdujo cuidadosamente el instrumento en la herida.
C1 noun /ˈfaɪərɑːm/

firearm

arma de fuego
Meaning
a weapon capable of firing a projectile using gunpowder or other propellant
Example
The police found a hidden firearm during the investigation.
La policía encontró un arma de fuego oculta durante la investigación.
B2 noun ˈɪnəveɪtɪv tuːlz

innovative tools

herramientas innovadoras
Meaning
Creative devices or advanced technologies that introduce new methods or approaches to accomplish tasks.
Example
Teachers use innovative tools to enhance classroom learning.
Los maestros utilizan herramientas innovadoras para mejorar el aprendizaje en el aula.
A2 noun ˈɡrænˌpɛrənts

Grandparents

Abuelos
Meaning
The parents of one's father or mother.
Example
Grandparents are an important part of the family tree.
Los abuelos son una parte importante del árbol genealógico.
C1 adjective /ɪˈleɪtɪd/

elated

extremadamente feliz
Meaning
Extremely happy and excited.
Example
She was elated when she heard the good news.
Estaba extremadamente feliz cuando escuchó las buenas noticias.
B2 adjective /hɪˈroʊɪk/

heroic

heroico
Meaning
showing great bravery or courage; relating to a hero or heroes
Example
The firefighter made a heroic effort to save the child.
El bombero hizo un esfuerzo heroico para salvar al niño.
B1 noun ˌdemənˈstreɪʃənz

demonstrations

manifestaciones
Meaning
The action or process of showing the existence or truth of something by giving proof or evidence.
Example
Demonstrations occurred on March 11.
Las manifestaciones ocurrieron el 11 de marzo.
B2 noun /ˌkɒnsərˈveɪʃən ˈmuːvmənt/

Conservation Movement

Movimiento de conservación
Meaning
A political, environmental, and social movement that seeks to protect natural resources including plant and animal species as well as their habitat for the future.
Example
The conservation movement began in the 19th century to protect wildlife.
El movimiento de conservación comenzó en el siglo XIX para proteger la vida silvestre.
C1 noun /ˈæntənɪm/

antonym

antónimo
Meaning
A word opposite in meaning to another.
Example
‘Hot’ is the antonym of ‘cold’.
‘Hot’ es el antónimo de ‘cold’.
B1 noun pɑːˈtɪs.ɪ.pənts

participants

participantes
Meaning
People who take part in something; those involved in an activity or event.
Example
Participants will enjoy breathtaking views.
Los participantes disfrutarán vistas impresionantes.
C1 noun ˈdaɪ.nə.sti

dynasty

dinastía
Meaning
A line of hereditary rulers of a country; a succession of people from the same family who play a prominent role in business, politics, or another field.
Example
The Ming dynasty ruled China for centuries.
La dinastía Ming gobernó China durante siglos.
C1 verb /ˈstɪp.jʊ.leɪt/

stipulate

establecer
Meaning
to demand or specify a condition in an agreement or contract
Example
The contract stipulates that payment must be made within 30 days.
El contrato estipula que el pago debe realizarse dentro de 30 días.
B2 verb /ɪɡˈzɜrt/

exert

ejercer
Meaning
to apply or bring to bear; to use physical or mental effort
Example
He exerted all his strength to lift the heavy box.
Él ejerció toda su fuerza para levantar la caja pesada.
C2 noun /ˈhæknɪ/

hackney

caballo de alquiler, trillado
Meaning
a horse kept for ordinary riding or hire; also used for something overused or trite
Example
The old hackney was still pulling the carriage.
El viejo caballo de alquiler seguía tirando del carruaje.
B2 verb /draʊn/

drown

ahogarse
Meaning
to die or cause to die by being submerged in and inhaling water
Example
He nearly drowned while swimming in the river.
Él casi se ahogó mientras nadaba en el río.
A2 noun /ˈɑːrtɪkl/

article

artículo
Meaning
a piece of writing included in a newspaper, magazine, or journal
Example
He wrote an article about climate change.
Escribió un artículo sobre el cambio climático.
C2 noun /ˈspɛndˌθrɪft/

spendthrift

derrochador
Meaning
A person who spends money extravagantly or wastefully.
Example
The young prince was known as a spendthrift, wasting his fortune on lavish parties.
El joven príncipe era conocido como un derrochador, desperdiciando su fortuna en fiestas lujosas.
C1 noun /sleɪ/

sleigh

trineo
Meaning
A vehicle pulled by horses or reindeer over snow or ice.
Example
Children were excited to ride in the sleigh through the snowy village.
Los niños estaban emocionados de montar en el trineo por el pueblo nevado.
B2 adverb /ˈpʌb.lɪk.li/

Publicly

públicamente; abiertamente;
Meaning
in a public manner; openly; for everyone to see or know
Example
The company publicly announced their new policy.
La compañía anunció públicamente su nueva política.
C1 verb /rɪˈdʒuː.vɪ.neɪt/

rejuvenate

rejuvenecer
Meaning
To make or feel young, healthy, or energetic again.
Example
A vacation can rejuvenate the mind and body.
unas vacaciones pueden rejuvenecer la mente y el cuerpo.
C2 noun /ɡrænˈtiː/

grantee

beneficiario
Meaning
A person or organization that receives a grant or benefit.
Example
The grantee must submit a progress report every six months.
El beneficiario debe presentar un informe de progreso cada seis meses.
A1 noun /biːtʃ/

beach

playa
Meaning
An area of sand or small stones beside the sea or a lake.
Example
They spent the day relaxing on the beach.
Pasaron el día relajándose en la playa.
C1 noun/adjective /ˈbaɪ.ɡɒn/

bygone

pasado
Meaning
Something belonging to an earlier time; past and no longer existing.
Example
He often talks about the traditions of bygone days.
Él a menudo habla sobre las tradiciones de los días pasados.
C2 noun /voʊˈsɪfərəns/

vociferance

gritar fuerte
Meaning
the act of shouting or making a loud outcry
Example
The vociferance of the protesters filled the streets.
La vociferancia de los manifestantes llenó las calles.
C2 verb /dɪˈfreɪ/

defray

cubrir los costos
Meaning
to provide money to pay the costs of something
Example
The grant will help defray the cost of education.
La subvención ayudará a cubrir el costo de la educación.
A2 noun /ˈtæksi/

taxi

taxi
Meaning
A car licensed to transport passengers in exchange for payment of a fare.
Example
We hailed a taxi to get to the airport.
Tomamos un taxi para llegar al aeropuerto.
C1 noun /pəˈraɪə/

pariah

paria
Meaning
An outcast; someone who is rejected by society or a social group.
Example
After the scandal, he became a social pariah.
Después del escándalo, se convirtió en un paria social.
B1 noun /kəmˈpær.ɪ.sən/

Comparison

comparación
Meaning
the act of examining the similarities and differences between two or more things
Example
The teacher made a comparison between the two poems to show their different styles.
La maestra hizo una comparación entre los dos poemas para mostrar sus diferentes estilos.
C1 noun /ˈkɜːrfjuː/

curfew

toque de queda
Meaning
a rule requiring people to stay indoors after a certain time, usually at night
Example
The city imposed a curfew during the unrest.
La ciudad impuso un toque de queda durante los disturbios.
B2 noun /səˈspens/

Suspense

suspenso
Meaning
a feeling of excited or anxious uncertainty about what will happen
Example
The movie kept us in suspense until the very end.
La película nos mantuvo en suspenso hasta el final.
C2 verb /ɪnˈdaɪt/

indite

componer
Meaning
To write or compose (literary or formal works).
Example
The poet indited a heartfelt sonnet.
El poeta compuso un soneto sincero.
B2 noun /ˌnoʊtɪfɪˈkeɪʃənz/

notifications

notificaciones
Meaning
A notice or announcement, especially an official one.
Example
Turn off notifications to stay focused.
Apaga las notificaciones para mantenerte enfocado.
C1 verb /ˈfrɒlɪk/

frolic

jugar alegremente
Meaning
to play and move about cheerfully, energetically, or playfully
Example
The children frolicked in the garden all afternoon.
Los niños jugaron alegremente en el jardín toda la tarde.
A2 noun /ɡlʌv/

glove

guante
Meaning
A covering for the hand with separate parts for the fingers and thumb.
Example
She wore gloves to protect her hands from the cold.
Ella usó guantes para proteger sus manos del frío.
B2 noun /ˈhɑːrvɪst/

harvest

cosecha
Meaning
the process or period of gathering crops
Example
Farmers are busy during the rice harvest season.
Los agricultores están ocupados durante la temporada de cosecha de arroz.
A2 noun /dɪˈskʌʃən/

discussion

discusión
Meaning
The action or process of talking about something in order to reach a decision or share ideas.
Example
The project needs more discussion before moving forward.
El proyecto necesita más discusión antes de avanzar.
C1 noun /dɪˌlɪb.əˈreɪ.ʃənz/

deliberations

deliberaciones
Meaning
Careful consideration and discussion before making decisions.
Example
Deliberations on sustainability continued for hours.
Las deliberaciones sobre sostenibilidad continuaron durante horas.
C1 adjective /ˈfɪs.kəl/

fiscal

fiscal
Meaning
Relating to government revenue, especially taxes, or public money management.
Example
The government introduced new fiscal policies to control inflation.
El gobierno introdujo nuevas políticas fiscales para controlar la inflación.
C2 noun /ˈlɪtərdʒi/

liturgy

liturgia
Meaning
A form or formulary according to which public religious worship is conducted.
Example
The priest followed the liturgy during the Sunday mass.
El sacerdote siguió la liturgia durante la misa del domingo.
B2 verb/noun /buː/

boo

grito de desaprobación/sonido de advertencia
Meaning
To show disapproval by shouting 'boo'; or a sound made to surprise or scare.
Example
The audience began to boo the bad performance.
La audiencia comenzó a abuchear la mala actuación.
C1 noun daɪˈkɒtəmi

dichotomy

dicotomía
Meaning
A division or contrast between two things that are or are represented as being opposed or entirely different.
Example
The dichotomy between tradition and modernity is often debated.
La dicotomía entre la tradición y la modernidad a menudo es debatida.
B2 adjective /əˈten.tɪv/

Attentive

atento; alerta; vigilante
Meaning
careful to pay attention; alert and observant
Example
The attentive student listened carefully to every word the teacher said.
El estudiante atento escuchó cuidadosamente cada palabra que dijo el maestro.
B1 adverb /ˈfɪzɪkəli/

physically

físicamente
Meaning
in a physical manner; relating to the body
Example
She is physically strong and healthy.
Ella es físicamente fuerte y saludable.
B2 verb /ˈraɪpən/

ripen

felicidad
Meaning
to become or make something ready to eat or fully developed
Example
The bananas ripened quickly in the warm weather.
Ella no pudo ocultar su felicidad cuando recibió el premio.
C2 noun /ˈvɪzɪdʒ/

visage

felicidad
Meaning
A person's face or facial expression.
Example
Her stern visage intimidated the children.
Ella no pudo ocultar su felicidad cuando recibió el premio.
C2 adjective /ˌbækəˈneɪliən/

bacchanalian

relacionado con la embriaguez
Meaning
Characterized by or involving drunken revelry.
Example
The students threw a bacchanalian party after the exams.
Los estudiantes organizaron una fiesta relacionada con la embriaguez después de los exámenes.
B1 adverb /ˈlɪtərəli/

literally

literalmente
Meaning
in a literal manner or sense; exactly
Example
He was literally running for three hours without stopping.
Él estuvo corriendo literalmente durante tres horas sin detenerse.
A2 noun /əˈsɪstənt/

assistant

asistente
Meaning
a person who helps or supports another, often in a job
Example
She works as an assistant in a law firm.
Ella trabaja como asistente en una firma de abogados.
B2 noun /ˈkʌvərɪdʒ/

coverage

cobertura
Meaning
The extent or scope of something, such as insurance protection or media reporting.
Example
The news channel provided extensive coverage of the event.
El canal de noticias proporcionó una amplia cobertura del evento.
B2 adjective /ˈʌl.tɪ.mət/

Ultimate

último; supremo; final
Meaning
being the best or most extreme example of its kind; final; last
Example
This is the ultimate test of your skills.
Este es el examen final de tus habilidades.
C1 verb /ɪnˈsɪnjueɪt/

insinuate

insinuar
Meaning
To suggest or hint something indirectly and often unpleasantly.
Example
He insinuated that she had lied about her qualifications.
Él insinuó que ella había mentido sobre sus calificaciones.
B2 verb /ˈɔːdɪt/

audit

auditar
Meaning
to examine and verify financial records or accounts officially
Example
The accountant will audit the company's books next month.
El contador auditará los libros de la empresa el próximo mes.
C2 adjective /əˈfɔːrsed/

Aforesaid

mencionado anteriormente
Meaning
mentioned before; previously stated
Example
The aforesaid conditions must be met before approval.
Las condiciones mencionadas anteriormente deben cumplirse antes de la aprobación.
C2 adjective /ɪˈkwɪvəkəl/

equivocal

ambiguo
Meaning
Open to more than one interpretation; ambiguous.
Example
His equivocal answer confused everyone.
Su respuesta ambigua confundió a todos.
C1 adjective /ˈtɛlˌteɪl/

telltale

delator
Meaning
Revealing something that is usually hidden; giving away a secret or clue.
Example
The telltale signs of fatigue were visible on his face.
Los signos delatores de fatiga eran visibles en su rostro.
B2 adjective /raɪp/

Ripe

maduro; maduro para comer
Meaning
fully developed and ready to eat; mature; ready for action or use
Example
The bananas are ripe and ready to eat.
Los plátanos están maduros y listos para comer.
C1 verb /ɪkˈskriːt/

excrete

excretar
Meaning
to eliminate waste matter from the body
Example
Humans excrete carbon dioxide through breathing.
Los humanos excretan dióxido de carbono a través de la respiración.
A2 noun /lɒs/

loss

pérdida
Meaning
The state of no longer having something or someone; the harm resulting from losing.
Example
The company suffered a huge financial loss last year.
La compañía sufrió una gran pérdida financiera el año pasado.
B1 noun, verb /ʃeɪd/

shade

sombra
Meaning
a sheltered or darker area where direct light is blocked; to block light from something
Example
We sat under the tree for some shade.
Nos sentamos bajo el árbol para un poco de sombra.
A1 noun /hɔːrs/

Horse

caballo
Meaning
a large domesticated mammal used for riding and pulling loads
Example
The horse galloped across the field with great speed.
El caballo galopó a través del campo con gran velocidad.
A1 noun /bɜːrd/

bird

pájaro
Meaning
a warm-blooded animal with feathers and wings that usually lays eggs and can often fly
Example
A bird was singing on the tree branch.
Un pájaro estaba cantando en la rama del árbol.
C1 adverb, adjective /ˌɪnkɑːɡˈniːtoʊ/

incognito

incógnito
Meaning
In disguise or with one's identity concealed.
Example
The celebrity traveled incognito to avoid the paparazzi.
La celebridad viajó incognito para evitar a los paparazzi.
C1 adjective /məˈlɛvələnt/

malevolent

malévolo
Meaning
Having or showing a wish to do evil or harm to others.
Example
The malevolent glare in his eyes frightened the children.
La mirada malévola en sus ojos asustó a los niños.
C2 noun /hɪˈlærɪti/

hilarity

hilaridad
Meaning
Extreme amusement, especially when expressed by laughter.
Example
The movie caused great hilarity among the audience.
La película causó una gran hilaridad entre el público.
B2 noun /ˈkæʒ.u.əl.ti/

Casualty

víctima; herido; casualidad
Meaning
a person killed or injured in a war or accident; a victim of circumstances
Example
The hospital treated many casualties from the car accident.
El hospital trató muchas víctimas del accidente de coche.
B2 adverb /ɪmˈpɒlɪtli/

impolitely

de manera grosera
Meaning
in a rude or discourteous manner; without showing respect or proper manners
Example
He spoke impolitely to the waiter despite the polite service.
Habló de manera grosera con el camarero a pesar del buen servicio.
C1 noun ˌes.kəˈleɪ.ʃən

escalation

aumento rápido; un alza.
Meaning
A rapid increase; a rise.
Example
The escalation of production costs impacts profitability.
La escalada de los costos de producción impacta la rentabilidad.
B2 verb /ɪnˈstrʌkt/

instruct

instruir
Meaning
to teach; to give directions
Example
The teacher instructed the students carefully.
El maestro instruyó a los estudiantes con cuidado.
A2 adverb /ˈfaɪ.nəl.i/

Finally

finalmente
Meaning
at last; after a long time; in the end; as the last point
Example
After years of hard work, she finally achieved her goal.
Después de años de arduo trabajo, ella finalmente alcanzó su meta.
C1 verb /ˌriːˈsiːt/

reseat

reubicar
Meaning
to seat someone again or to fit something back into its place
Example
The usher had to reseat the guests after the interruption.
El acomodador tuvo que reubicar a los invitados después de la interrupción.
A2 noun /siːt/

seat

asiento
Meaning
a place to sit, especially a chair or other place for sitting
Example
I reserved a seat for you at the concert.
Reservé un asiento para ti en el concierto.
C1 noun /ˈtrɪŋkɪt/

trinket

adorno pequeño
Meaning
a small ornament or piece of jewelry that is not expensive
Example
She bought a little trinket from the beach market as a souvenir.
Compró un pequeño adorno en el mercado de la playa como recuerdo.
C2 noun /rɪˈpoʊst/

riposte

replica aguda
Meaning
a quick and clever reply to criticism or an insult
Example
Her sharp riposte left everyone in silence.
Su aguda réplica dejó a todos en silencio.
A2 noun /ɡoʊl/

Goal

meta; objetivo; destino;
Meaning
the object of a person's ambition or effort; an aim or desired result; a point scored in sports
Example
Her goal is to become a doctor and help people in underserved communities.
Su meta es convertirse en doctora y ayudar a personas en comunidades desatendidas.
B2 noun /drɪl/

drill

taladro
Meaning
a tool or exercise used for making holes or practicing skills
Example
The students took part in a fire drill at school.
Los estudiantes participaron en un simulacro de incendio en la escuela.
B1 noun /kəˈrɛkʃən/

correction

corrección
Meaning
the action or process of correcting something
Example
The teacher made a correction to the student's essay.
El profesor hizo una corrección en el ensayo del estudiante.
C1 verb ˈdwɪn.dl

dwindle

disminuir
Meaning
To diminish gradually in size, amount, or strength; to become progressively smaller.
Example
His savings dwindled due to unexpected expenses.
Sus ahorros disminuyeron debido a gastos inesperados.
B2 noun /ˈruːlɪŋ/

ruling

fallo
Meaning
an official decision made by a judge or authority.
Example
The court’s ruling favored the defendant.
El fallo del tribunal favoreció al acusado.
B2 noun ˈpɛs.tɪ.saɪdz

pesticides

plaguicidas
Meaning
Substances used for destroying insects or other organisms harmful to cultivated plants or to animals.
Example
Excessive pesticides use can harm the environment.
El uso excesivo de pesticidas puede dañar el medio ambiente.
B2 noun /æs/

Ass

burro
Meaning
a donkey; a small domesticated animal of the horse family
Example
The farmer used an ass to carry heavy loads.
El granjero usó un burro para cargar con pesadas cargas.
A1 noun /tɒp/

top

cima
Meaning
the highest or uppermost point, part, or surface of something
Example
The book is on the top shelf.
El libro está en la estantería superior.
C2 adjective /ˈmɜːrkəntaɪl/

mercantile

mercantil
Meaning
related to trade or commerce
Example
The city grew rapidly due to its mercantile activities.
La ciudad creció rápidamente debido a sus actividades mercantiles.
C1 noun /ˈplæn.teɪn ˈflaʊ.ər/

Plantain flower

flor de plátano
Meaning
The flower bud of a banana plant, used as a vegetable in cooking
Example
We cooked plantain flower curry for dinner.
Cocinamos curry de flor de plátano para la cena.
B2 noun /mɒsk/

mosque

mezquita
Meaning
A Muslim place of worship.
Example
They gathered at the mosque for the Friday prayer.
Se reunieron en la mezquita para la oración del viernes.
B2 verb /ˈreɪn.dʒɪŋ/

ranging

oscilar
Meaning
Extending or varying between limits.
Example
The temperatures are ranging from 15 to 30 degrees this week.
Las temperaturas están oscilando de 15 a 30 grados esta semana.
B2 adjective /ˈʌt.ɚ/

Utter

completo; absoluto; total
Meaning
complete; absolute; total
Example
The movie was an utter disaster at the box office.
La película fue un desastre total en la taquilla.
B2 adverb /ˈɜːrdʒəntli/

urgently

urgentemente
Meaning
in a way that requires immediate attention or action
Example
The patient urgently needs medical attention.
El paciente necesita atención médica urgentemente.
C1 verb /ˈɛkˌsaɪz/

excise

extirpar
Meaning
to cut out or remove completely, often by surgery
Example
The surgeon excised the tumor successfully.
El cirujano extirpó el tumor con éxito.
A2 noun/verb /kənˈsɜːrn/

concern

preocupación, asunto de preocupación
Meaning
to relate to or affect; a matter of worry or interest
Example
Environmental issues concern all of us.
Los problemas ambientales nos conciernen a todos.
C1 adjective /ɪmˈpʌlsɪv/

impulsive

impulsivo, de impulso
Meaning
acting suddenly without careful thought
Example
She made an impulsive decision to buy the car.
Tomó una decisión impulsiva de comprar el coche.
C1 noun /ˈdæmpər/

damper

algo que reduce o disminuye la fuerza, efecto o emoción
Meaning
something that reduces or lessens the force, effect, or excitement
Example
The cancellation of the trip put a damper on their enthusiasm.
La cancelación del viaje redujo su entusiasmo.
C2 verb /ɪnˈθroʊn/

enthrone

entronizar
Meaning
to install someone on a throne or to give someone high status
Example
The king was enthroned in a grand ceremony.
El rey fue entronizado en una gran ceremonia.
B1 adverb /praɪˈmɛrɪli/

primarily

principalmente
Meaning
for the most part; mainly
Example
She is primarily responsible for managing the finances.
Ella es principalmente responsable de gestionar las finanzas.
C1 adjective /sɪˈkluːdɪd/

secluded

aislado
Meaning
Placed apart from other people or things; private and quiet.
Example
They spent their vacation in a secluded beach house.
Pasaron sus vacaciones en una casa de playa aislada.
A2 adjective /prəˈfɛʃənl/

professional

profesional
Meaning
relating to a job that requires special training or education
Example
She is a professional dancer who performs internationally.
Ella es una bailarina profesional que se presenta internacionalmente.
B2 adjective /ˈfoʊni/

phony

falso, engañoso
Meaning
not genuine; fraudulent or insincere
Example
He gave a phony smile to hide his true feelings.
Él dio una sonrisa falsa para ocultar sus verdaderos sentimientos.
C2 noun /ˈkɪldʒɔɪ/

killjoy

aguafiestas
Meaning
a person who spoils the fun or enjoyment of others
Example
Don’t be a killjoy at the party.
No seas un aguafiestas en la fiesta.
B2 noun /taɪd/

Tide

marea
Meaning
the alternate rising and falling of the sea, usually twice in each lunar day, due to the attraction of the moon and sun
Example
The fishermen waited for high tide to launch their boats.
Los pescadores esperaban la marea alta para lanzar sus botes.
C1 noun moʊst ˈvʌlnərəbəl ˈneɪʃən

most vulnerable nation

nación más vulnerable
Meaning
A country that is highly exposed to risks and lacks adequate protection or resilience.
Example
Bangladesh is one of the most vulnerable nations to climate change.
Bangladesh es uno de los países más vulnerables al cambio climático.
A1 noun /dɛsk/

desk

escritorio
Meaning
a piece of furniture with a flat surface used for writing or working
Example
The books are on the desk.
Los libros están en el escritorio.
C1 adjective /ɪmˈpɛtʃ.u.əs/

impetuous

impulsivo
Meaning
Acting or done quickly and without thought or care; impulsive.
Example
His impetuous decision led to unexpected consequences.
Su decisión impulsiva condujo a consecuencias inesperadas.
C1 adjective /ˌaɪdiəˈlɪstɪk/

Idealistic

idealista
Meaning
pursuing high principles or ideals; unrealistically optimistic
Example
She has an idealistic view of changing the world.
Ella tiene una visión idealista de cambiar el mundo.
C1 adjective /ˈædʒɪteɪtɪd/

Agitated

agitado; inquieto; nervioso; excitado de manera negativa
Meaning
disturbed; anxious; restless; excited in a negative way
Example
He became agitated when he heard the bad news.
Se agitou cuando escuchó las malas noticias.
C2 noun /ɪkˈsɔːr.ə/

Ixora

ixora
Meaning
a tropical flowering shrub with clusters of small bright red, orange, or yellow flowers
Example
The bright red ixora bushes lined the pathway to the tropical garden.
Los arbustos de ixora de color rojo brillante alineaban el camino hacia el jardín tropical.
C1 adjective /ˈhær.oʊ.ɪŋ/

harrowing

aterrador y angustioso
Meaning
extremely distressing or upsetting
Example
It was a harrowing experience to witness the accident.
Fue una experiencia aterradora ser testigo del accidente.
B2 adjective /ɪsˈlɑːmɪk/

islamic

islámico
Meaning
relating to Islam, its followers, or its teachings
Example
The city has many Islamic cultural centers.
La ciudad tiene muchos centros culturales islámicos.
C2 adjective /ˈfraɪəbl/

friable

frágil
Meaning
Easily crumbled or reduced to powder.
Example
The old brick wall was friable and broke apart at a touch.
La pared vieja de ladrillos era frágil y se rompió con solo tocarla.
B1 adjective /ˌʌnˈpeɪd/

Unpaid

no remunerado; sin pago
Meaning
not paid for; without payment or salary
Example
She worked as an unpaid intern for six months.
Trabajó como una pasante no remunerada durante seis meses.