molten
All a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
All CEFR A1 A2 B1 B2 C1 C2
Content locale
EN English BN Bengali HI Hindi ES Español FR Francés DE Alemán RU Ruso ZH Chino JA Japonés
All Vocabulary Cards All Vocabularies
C1 adjective /ˈməʊltən/

molten

fundido
Meaning
Made into liquid by heat; melted.
Example
The blacksmith poured molten metal into the mold.
El herrero vertió metal fundido en el molde.
A2 noun /ˈɡrændˌpeə.rənt/

grandparent

abuelo/abuela
Meaning
the parent of one's father or mother
Example
My grandparents live in a small village near the hills.
Mis abuelos viven en un pequeño pueblo cerca de las colinas.
B1 adjective /pleɪn/

plain

sencillo
Meaning
simple or clear, without decoration or complexity
Example
She wore a plain white dress to the ceremony.
Ella llevaba un vestido blanco sencillo a la ceremonia.
C2 adjective /ˈkɒr.ə.ɡeɪ.tɪd/

corrugated

ondulado o doblado
Meaning
shaped into ridges and grooves; wrinkled or folded
Example
The roof was made of corrugated metal sheets.
El techo estaba hecho de hojas de metal corrugado.
B2 adjective /ˈplɔː.zə.bəl/

plausible

plausible o probable
Meaning
Seeming reasonable or probable; credible or believable.
Example
His excuse seemed plausible, but I had my doubts.
Su excusa parecía plausible, pero tenía mis dudas.
C1 verb /dɪˈbeɪs/

debase

degradar
Meaning
to reduce the quality, value, or dignity of something
Example
Corruption can debase the values of a society.
La corrupción puede degradar los valores de una sociedad.
C1 noun ˌtraɪ.bjuˈnæl əv ˈdʒʌs.tɪs

tribunal of justice

tribunal de justicia
Meaning
A court of justice or judicial body that settles disputes or tries offenses.
Example
The Tribunal of Justice started the hearings promptly.
El tribunal de justicia comenzó las audiencias de inmediato.
C2 verb /ˈprɑː.məl.ɡeɪt/

promulgate

promulgar
Meaning
To announce or make a law, decree, or idea officially known.
Example
The government promulgated new regulations on data privacy.
El gobierno promulgó nuevas regulaciones sobre privacidad de datos.
B2 adjective /ˈsoʊpi/

Soapy

cubierto de jabón; espumoso
Meaning
covered with soap; having the characteristics of soap; foamy
Example
The dishes were still soapy after washing.
Los platos aún estaban jabonosos después de lavarlos.
C1 adjective /ˈreɪdiənt/

radiant

radiante
Meaning
Shining brightly; expressing great happiness.
Example
She looked radiant in her wedding dress.
Ella se veía radiante con su vestido de novia.
B2 verb /kəmˈpɛl/

compel

obligar
Meaning
To force or drive someone to do something.
Example
The law compels citizens to pay taxes.
La ley obliga a los ciudadanos a pagar impuestos.
C1 noun ˌdep.əˈzɪʃ.ən

deposition

deposición, el proceso de depositar algo
Meaning
The action of depositing something; the laying down of matter by a natural process.
Example
River deposition leads to the formation of new landmasses.
La deposición de un río lleva a la formación de nuevas masas de tierra.
B2 verb /saɪ/

sigh

suspirar
Meaning
to let out a long, deep breath as an expression of tiredness, relief, or sadness
Example
She sighed with relief when she heard the good news.
Ella suspiró de alivio cuando escuchó las buenas noticias.
B2 noun /dɪsˈɔːrdər/

disorder

trastorno
Meaning
A state of confusion or lack of order; also a medical or mental condition.
Example
The protest ended in disorder when the crowd became violent.
La protesta terminó en trastorno cuando la multitud se volvió violenta.
B2 adverb /əˈproʊpriətli/

appropriately

apropiadamente
Meaning
in a way that is suitable or proper for a particular situation
Example
She was dressed appropriately for the event.
Ella estaba vestida apropiadamente para el evento.
C2 noun ˈtɪl.ɪdʒ

tillage

labranza
Meaning
The preparation of land for growing crops.
Example
Excessive tillage can lead to soil erosion.
La labranza excesiva puede causar erosión del suelo.
C1 adverb /suːˈpɜːb.li/

Superbly

de manera excelente
Meaning
in an excellent or outstanding manner
Example
She performed superbly in the dance competition.
Ella actuó de manera excelente en la competencia de danza.
A2 noun /ɡoʊld/

Gold

oro
Meaning
a precious yellow metallic element; jewelry or ornaments made of gold
Example
The gold bracelet sparkled in the sunlight.
El brazalete de oro brillaba bajo la luz del sol.
C1 noun /rɪˈteɪnər/

retainer

anticipo / retenedor
Meaning
a fee paid in advance to secure someone's services, or a device that holds something in place
Example
The lawyer asked for a retainer before taking the case.
El abogado pidió un anticipo antes de tomar el caso.
C1 noun /bɑːrˈbeəriən/

Barbarian

bárbaro; salvaje;
Meaning
a person from an uncivilized group; someone who is cruel or brutal
Example
The ancient Romans considered anyone outside their empire to be barbarians.
Los antiguos romanos consideraban bárbaros a todos los que estaban fuera de su imperio.
C1 noun /ˌsɑːrdʒənt ˈmeɪdʒər/

sergeant-major

sargento-mayor
Meaning
A senior non-commissioned officer in the army responsible for discipline and administration within a unit.
Example
The sergeant-major inspected the troops before the parade.
El sargento-mayor inspeccionó a las tropas antes del desfile.
C1 noun, verb /ˈmæn.deɪt/

mandate

mandato
Meaning
an official order or command; to give someone authority to act in a certain way
Example
The government issued a mandate to reduce carbon emissions.
El gobierno emitió un mandato para reducir las emisiones de carbono.
C2 noun /ˌpoʊpʊˈriː/

potpourri

mezcla de flores secas
Meaning
a mixture of dried flowers and spices kept in a bowl to perfume a room; a miscellaneous collection
Example
The living room was filled with the scent of potpourri.
La sala de estar estaba llena con el aroma del potpourri.
C2 noun /ˈpoʊ.ə.si/

poesy

poesía
Meaning
poetry; the art or composition of poems
Example
The anthology was filled with romantic poesy.
La antología estaba llena de poesía romántica.
B1 noun /doʊˈneɪ.ʃən/

Donation

donación; contribución
Meaning
something that is given to a charity, especially a sum of money; the act of giving
Example
The generous donation helped the hospital purchase new medical equipment.
La generosa donación ayudó al hospital a comprar nuevos equipos médicos.
C2 adjective /ɪnˈsuːpərəbl/

insuperable

insuperable
Meaning
Impossible to overcome or surpass.
Example
The team faced insuperable challenges during the expedition.
El equipo enfrentó desafíos insuperables durante la expedición.
A1 pronoun /ʃi/

she

ella
Meaning
a female person or animal previously mentioned or easily identified
Example
She is going to the market to buy vegetables.
Ella va al mercado a comprar verduras.
B2 noun /ˈlen.tɪl/

Lentil

lenteja
Meaning
a high-protein pulse which is dried and then soaked and cooked prior to eating
Example
She cooked red lentils for dinner tonight.
Ella cocinó lentejas rojas para la cena de esta noche.
B2 noun /strɪp/

Strip

una tira larga y estrecha de tela, papel, plástico u otro material
Meaning
a long narrow piece of cloth, paper, plastic, or other material
Example
She tore a strip of paper from the notebook.
Ella arrancó una tira de papel del cuaderno.
B2 verb /ˈdɛdɪkeɪt/

dedicate

dedicar
Meaning
to devote time, effort, or oneself to a particular purpose or person
Example
She dedicated her life to helping the poor.
Ella dedicó su vida a ayudar a los pobres.
C2 noun /ˈlɪbərˌtiːn/

libertine

persona inmoral
Meaning
A person who behaves without moral principles, especially in sexual matters.
Example
The novel depicted the reckless life of a libertine in 18th century France.
La novela describía la vida desenfrenada de un libertino en el Francia del siglo XVIII.
C2 adjective /ˈæsənənt/

assonant

asonante
Meaning
Having or characterized by assonance; repeating similar vowel sounds.
Example
The poem is filled with assonant words that create a musical rhythm.
El poema está lleno de palabras asonantes que crean un ritmo musical.
A1 adjective /tʃiːp/

Cheap

barato; económico
Meaning
low in price; costing little money
Example
This restaurant serves cheap but delicious food.
Este restaurante sirve comida barata pero deliciosa.
C2 adjective /ɪmˈpɛn.ɪ.tənt/

impenitent

impenitente
Meaning
Not feeling regret or shame about one's actions.
Example
The criminal remained impenitent after the trial.
El criminal permaneció impenitente después del juicio.
C2 noun /ˈæl.baɪt/

albite

albita
Meaning
A white or colorless mineral of the feldspar group, often found in igneous rocks.
Example
Geologists discovered albite crystals in the rock sample.
Los geólogos descubrieron cristales de albita en la muestra de roca.
C1 noun /səˈlɛmnɪti/

solemnity

solemnidad
Meaning
the state or quality of being serious and dignified
Example
The ceremony was conducted with great solemnity.
La ceremonia se realizó con gran solemnidad.
C1 noun /dɪˈmaɪz/

demise

muerte / fin
Meaning
Death or end of something, especially the end of an institution or system.
Example
The sudden demise of the company shocked investors.
El repentino fin de la empresa sorprendió a los inversores.
B1 noun /ˈhæŋ.kər.tʃɪf/

Handkerchief

pañuelo
Meaning
a small piece of cloth used for wiping the nose or face
Example
She always carries a clean handkerchief in her purse.
Ella siempre lleva un pañuelo limpio en su bolso.
B2 noun /siːdʒ/

siege

asedio
Meaning
A military operation in which a place is surrounded to force its surrender.
Example
The castle fell after a long siege.
El castillo cayó después de un largo asedio.
C2 noun əˌdʌl.təˈreɪ.ʃən

adulteration

adulteración
Meaning
The action of making something poorer in quality by the addition of another substance.
Example
Adulteration of food is a serious health risk.
La adulteración de alimentos es un serio riesgo para la salud.
B2 noun /ˈsɛnət/

senate

senado
Meaning
a legislative or governing body, typically the upper chamber in a bicameral legislature
Example
The senate voted in favor of the new healthcare bill.
El senado votó a favor del nuevo proyecto de ley de salud.
B1 preposition /θruːˈaʊt/

throughout

a lo largo
Meaning
in every part of a place or during the whole time of an event
Example
She worked throughout the night.
Ella trabajó toda la noche.
C1 verb /ɪnˈɡreɪv/

engrave

grabar
Meaning
to cut or carve a design, letter, or pattern into a hard surface
Example
The craftsman engraved her name on the silver ring.
El artesano grabó su nombre en el anillo de plata.
B2 noun /joʊlk/

Yolk

yema de huevo
Meaning
the yellow internal part of a bird's egg, especially a hen's egg, which is rich in protein and fat
Example
She separated the egg white from the yolk.
Ella separó la clara del huevo de la yema.
C2 verb /feɪz/

faze

perturbar
Meaning
to disturb or disconcert someone; to cause to feel unsettled
Example
She was not fazed by the unexpected question.
Ella no se perturbó por la pregunta inesperada.
C1 noun /ˈkætərækt/

cataract

catarata / cascada
Meaning
A medical condition causing clouding of the eye's lens; also a large waterfall.
Example
The old man suffered from cataracts in both eyes.
El hombre mayor sufría de cataratas en ambos ojos.
B2 conjunction /wɛərˈæz/

whereas

mientras que
Meaning
used to introduce a contrast or comparison between two facts
Example
She prefers tea, whereas he likes coffee.
A ella le gusta el té, mientras que a él le gusta el café.
A2 noun /teɪp/

tape

cinta
Meaning
a long, narrow strip of material, often sticky on one side, used for fastening or sticking things together
Example
I need some tape to seal this box.
Necesito algo de cinta para sellar esta caja.
C1 verb /ˈmɒd.jʊ.leɪt/

modulate

modular
Meaning
To change the strength, tone, or pitch of something; to adjust or regulate.
Example
A good speaker knows how to modulate their voice.
Un buen orador sabe cómo modular su voz.
B2 verb, adjective /ɪˈlæbəreɪt/ (verb), /ɪˈlæbərət/ (adjective)

elaborate

elaborar / detallado y complicado en diseño
Meaning
verb: to explain something in detail; adjective: detailed and complicated in design
Example
She asked him to elaborate on his proposal.
Ella le pidió que elaborara su propuesta.
C1 adjective /ˈkæni/

canny

astuto
Meaning
Having good judgment, especially in business or practical matters; shrewd.
Example
She made a canny investment in real estate.
Ella hizo una inversión astuta en bienes raíces.
B2 adjective, verb (past) /səˈspɛndɪd/

suspended

suspendido
Meaning
Temporarily not allowed, stopped, or hanging.
Example
He was suspended from school for a week.
Él fue suspendido de la escuela por una semana.
C1 verb /strʌt/

strut

caminar con arrogancia
Meaning
to walk with a stiff, proud, and confident gait, often to show off
Example
He strutted across the stage after winning the award.
Él caminó por el escenario después de ganar el premio.
C2 adjective /ˈnjuː.mər.ə.bəl/

Numerable

contable; numerable
Meaning
capable of being counted; countable
Example
The stars in the sky are not numerable.
Las estrellas en el cielo no son numerables.
C2 noun /foʊl fʊt/

Foal-foot

flor de pezuña de caballo
Meaning
a yellow flowering plant with leaves shaped like a horse's hoof, also known as coltsfoot
Example
The foal-foot plant grows wild in many meadows and is often the first flower to bloom in spring.
La planta de pezuña de caballo crece silvestre en muchos prados y a menudo es la primera flor en florecer en primavera.
C1 adjective /ˌɪnɪkˈskjuːzəbl/

inexcusable

inexcusable
Meaning
Too bad to be justified or overlooked; unforgivable.
Example
His rude behavior was inexcusable.
Su comportamiento grosero era inexcusable.
C1 noun /ˈmɪmɪkri/

mimicry

imitación
Meaning
The act of imitating someone or something, often for humor or learning.
Example
The comedian’s mimicry of celebrities made the audience laugh.
La imitación de las celebridades por el comediante hizo reír a la audiencia.
C2 verb /əˈpraɪz/

apprise

informar
Meaning
to inform or notify someone
Example
The manager will apprise the staff of the new policies.
El gerente informará al personal sobre las nuevas políticas.
C2 verb /ˈpɛrəɡrɪˌneɪt/

peregrinate

felicidad
Meaning
To travel or wander from place to place.
Example
He loved to peregrinate across the countryside during summer.
No pudo ocultar su felicidad cuando recibió el premio.
B1 noun /ˈdʒʌm.pər/

Jumper

suéter;
Meaning
a knitted garment worn on the upper body; a person or animal that jumps
Example
She wore a warm woolen jumper during the cold winter evening.
Ella llevaba un cálido suéter de lana durante la fría tarde de invierno.
C1 noun /rɪˈpraɪ.zəl/

Reprisal

venganza
Meaning
an act of retaliation; revenge taken for an injury or wrong
Example
The attack was carried out as a reprisal for the earlier bombing.
El ataque se realizó como una represalia por el bombardeo anterior.
C1 noun /trænsˈɡrɛʃən/

transgression

transgresión, delito
Meaning
an act that goes against a law, rule, or code of conduct; a violation or sin
Example
The court forgave his first transgression but warned him not to repeat it.
El tribunal perdonó su primera transgresión pero le advirtió que no la repitiera.
A2 adjective /fɔːls/

False

falso; incorrecto; engañoso; artificial
Meaning
not true; incorrect; deceptive; artificial
Example
The witness gave false testimony in court.
El testigo dio un falso testimonio en el tribunal.
B2 adjective /əˈpəʊzd/

opposed

opuesto
Meaning
being against or in disagreement with something
Example
She is strongly opposed to animal testing.
Ella está firmemente en contra de las pruebas con animales.
A2 noun /ˈæroʊ/

arrow

flecha
Meaning
a thin, straight weapon with a pointed tip, shot from a bow
Example
The hunter shot an arrow at the target.
El cazador disparó una flecha al objetivo.
C2 noun /ˈæn.oʊd/

anode

electrodo positivo
Meaning
The positive electrode in a device such as a battery, where current flows into a polarized electrical device.
Example
The anode of the battery was corroded after long use.
El electrodo positivo de la batería se corroyó después de un uso prolongado.
C1 adjective /ˌθiːəˈlɒdʒɪkl/

theological

teológico
Meaning
Relating to the study of theology or religious belief.
Example
He wrote a theological paper on the concept of divine justice.
Escribió un artículo teológico sobre el concepto de justicia divina.
C1 noun /ɡeɪt/

gait

modo de caminar
Meaning
A person's manner of walking.
Example
His slow gait showed that he was tired.
Su marcha lenta mostró que estaba cansado.
A1 noun /ˈpiːtsə/

pizza

pizza
Meaning
a flat round bread baked with toppings such as cheese, tomato, and other ingredients
Example
We ordered a large pepperoni pizza for dinner.
Pedimos una pizza grande de pepperoni para la cena.
C2 noun /ˈdeb.juː.tɑːnt/

debutante

joven que hace su primera aparición formal en la sociedad
Meaning
A young woman making her first formal appearance in society.
Example
The debutante wore a white gown at the ball.
La debutante llevaba un vestido blanco en el baile.
C2 adjective /ˈlɪtərəl/

littoral

litoral
Meaning
Related to or situated on the shore of the sea or a lake.
Example
The littoral zone is home to many unique marine species.
La zona litoral es el hogar de muchas especies marinas únicas.
C1 noun /ˌævɒ̃ˈɡɑːrd/

avantgarde

vanguardia
Meaning
people or works that are innovative, experimental, and ahead of their time
Example
The avantgarde of the 20th century reshaped modern art.
La vanguardia del siglo XX remodeló el arte moderno.
C1 verb /ˈkɒr.ə.leɪt/

correlate

establecer una relación
Meaning
To have a mutual relationship or connection; to establish a relationship between two or more things.
Example
Researchers found that diet and mental health correlate strongly.
Los investigadores descubrieron que la dieta y la salud mental se correlacionan fuertemente.
A2 verb /riːtʃ/

reach

alcanzar
Meaning
to arrive at a destination; to extend one's arm to touch something
Example
We will reach the station in ten minutes.
Llegaremos a la estación en diez minutos.
B2 verb /ˈklærɪfaɪ/

clarify

aclarar
Meaning
to make clear; to explain more clearly
Example
The teacher clarifies the difficult concept.
El profesor aclara el concepto difícil.
C1 noun /ˈwɪŋˌspæn/

wingspan

envergadura
Meaning
the distance from the tip of one wing to the tip of the other wing
Example
The eagle has an impressive wingspan of over two meters.
El águila tiene una impresionante envergadura de más de dos metros.
C2 verb /ˈmʌfəl/

muffle

amortiguar
Meaning
to make a sound quieter or less distinct; to cover or wrap something to reduce noise or warmth
Example
She tried to muffle her laughter with a scarf.
Ella intentó amortiguar su risa con una bufanda.
C1 noun /aɪˈdiː.ə.lɪ.zəm/

Idealism

Idealismo
Meaning
the pursuit of high principles and noble goals; unrealistic pursuit of perfection
Example
His youthful idealism motivated him to join various social justice movements.
Su idealismo juvenil lo motivó a unirse a varios movimientos de justicia social.
C1 noun /ˌɪnkəmˌpætəˈbɪlɪti/

incompatibility

incompatibilidad
Meaning
the state of being unable to exist or work together harmoniously; lack of compatibility
Example
The project failed because of incompatibility between the two software systems.
El proyecto fracasó por la incompatibilidad entre los dos sistemas de software.
C2 noun /ˈdʒɒs.stɪk/

Joss-stick

incienso
Meaning
a thin stick of incense that is burned for its pleasant smell, especially in religious ceremonies
Example
She lit a joss-stick in the temple during her prayers.
Ella encendió un palo de incienso en el templo durante sus oraciones.
C2 noun /ɡreɪˈdeɪʃən/

gradation

gradación
Meaning
A gradual change from one stage, tone, or degree to another.
Example
The artist used subtle gradation of colors in her painting.
La artista usó una sutil gradación de colores en su pintura.
C2 verb /ˌfɔːrɔːrˈdeɪn/

foreordain

predestinar
Meaning
to determine or decree something in advance; to predestine
Example
Some believe that our lives are foreordained by fate.
Algunos creen que nuestras vidas están predestinadas por el destino.
A2 adjective /ˈlʌv.li/

Lovely

hermoso; encantador; atractivo; agradable
Meaning
beautiful; charming; delightful; attractive
Example
What a lovely day for a picnic!
¡Qué día tan bonito para un picnic!
C1 adjective /pərˈveɪsɪv/

pervasive

pervasivo
Meaning
Existing in or spreading through every part of something
Example
Pervasive technology has become a fundamental part of daily life.
La tecnología pervasiva se ha convertido en una parte fundamental de la vida diaria.
B1 noun /ɪˌmædʒ.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/

Imagination

imaginación; facultad creativa
Meaning
the faculty or action of forming new ideas or images not present to the senses; creative thinking
Example
Children's imagination allows them to turn a cardboard box into a spaceship or castle.
La imaginación de los niños les permite convertir una caja de cartón en una nave espacial o castillo.
B2 noun /əˈpɒstrəfi/

apostrophe

apóstrofe
Meaning
A punctuation mark (') used to indicate possession or the omission of letters or numbers.
Example
You need an apostrophe in the word 'children’s'.
Necesitas un apóstrofe en la palabra 'children’s'.
C2 noun /ˈhɒɡz.hɛd/

hogshead

barril grande
Meaning
A large cask or barrel, traditionally used for storing liquids like wine or beer.
Example
The cellar was filled with hogsheads of ale.
El sótano estaba lleno de barriles grandes de cerveza.
B1 noun /beɪkt miːt/

Baked meat

carne asada
Meaning
meat that has been cooked in an oven using dry heat
Example
The baked meat was tender and flavorful.
La carne asada estaba tierna y sabrosa.
A1 preposition /frəm/ or /frʌm/

from

de
Meaning
Used to indicate the starting point of a journey, action, or source.
Example
She came from Dhaka to visit her family.
Ella vino de Dhaka para visitar a su familia.
B2 verb /pliːd/

plead

suplicar
Meaning
to make an emotional appeal; to present a case in court
Example
She pleaded for mercy.
Ella suplicó por misericordia.
C2 noun, verb /ˈbɛvəl/

bevel

bisel
Meaning
A sloping edge or surface; to cut or shape an edge at an angle.
Example
The carpenter beveled the edges of the table.
El carpintero biseló los bordes de la mesa.
C1 noun /tɒŋ/

tong

tenaza
Meaning
a tool with two movable arms used to pick up and hold objects
Example
He used the tong to pick up the hot coal.
Él usó la tenaza para levantar el carbón caliente.
B2 verb /ˌdɪsəˈpruːv/

disapprove

desaprobar
Meaning
to have a negative opinion about something; to consider something wrong or bad
Example
Many parents disapprove of smoking.
Muchos padres desaprueban fumar.
B1 noun /ˈfɪkʃən/

fiction

ficción
Meaning
Literature created from the imagination, not presented as fact.
Example
She enjoys reading science fiction novels.
A ella le gusta leer novelas de ciencia ficción.
B2 noun rɪˈzentmənt

resentment

resentimiento
Meaning
Bitter indignation at having been treated unfairly.
Example
Resentment grew among the students.
El resentimiento creció entre los estudiantes.
C2 noun /ˈbrɪn.dʒəl/

Brinjal

berenjena
Meaning
a large purple vegetable that is white inside; also called eggplant
Example
My mother cooked brinjal curry for lunch.
Mi madre cocinó curry de berenjena para el almuerzo.
A1 noun /snoʊ/

Snow

felicidad
Meaning
white frozen water that falls from clouds as soft flakes
Example
The children played happily in the fresh snow.
Ella no pudo ocultar su felicidad cuando recibió el premio.
C2 noun ˈvaɪ.və ˈvəʊs

viva voce

examen oral
Meaning
An oral examination, typically for an academic qualification.
Example
Viva Voce tests communication skills.
Las pruebas de Viva Voce evalúan las habilidades de comunicación.
B2 noun /ˈrɛzərvwɑːr/

reservoir

embalse
Meaning
A large natural or artificial lake used as a source of water supply.
Example
The city built a new reservoir to ensure enough drinking water for its residents.
La ciudad construyó un nuevo embalse para garantizar suficiente agua potable para sus residentes.
B1 noun /ˈhɑːrdˌwɛr/

hardware

hardware
Meaning
the physical parts of a computer or electronic system, such as the monitor, keyboard, and processor
Example
The company upgraded its computer hardware to improve performance.
La empresa actualizó su hardware de computadora para mejorar el rendimiento.
B2 noun /ˈkɔːtruːm/

courtroom

sala de audiencias
Meaning
a room in which legal cases are heard and decided by a judge
Example
The witness was called to testify in the courtroom.
Se llamo al testigo a testificar en la sala de audiencias.
B2 noun ˈæt.rɪ.bjuːts

attributes

atributos
Meaning
A quality or feature regarded as a characteristic or inherent part of someone or something.
Example
Advanced crops possess beneficial attributes.
Los cultivos avanzados poseen atributos beneficiosos.
C1 noun /ˌfəʊtəʊˈsɪnθɛtɪk ɪˈfɪʃənsi/

photosynthetic efficiency

eficiencia fotosintética
Meaning
The measure of how effectively plants convert light energy into chemical energy through the process of photosynthesis, directly affecting plant growth and crop yield.
Example
Improving photosynthetic efficiency can increase crop yields.
Mejorar la eficiencia fotosintética puede aumentar los rendimientos de los cultivos.
A2 adjective /ˈsʌn.i/

Sunny

soleado; optimista
Meaning
bright with sunlight; cheerful and optimistic
Example
It's a beautiful sunny day perfect for a picnic.
Es un hermoso día soleado, perfecto para un picnic.
C1 adjective /ˈtɛmpərd/

tempered

templado
Meaning
having a specified temper or disposition; strengthened or moderated.
Example
She gave a tempered response to the criticism.
Ella dio una respuesta templada a las críticas.
B2 verb /kəˈmɛns/

commence

comenzar
Meaning
to begin or start something
Example
The ceremony will commence at noon.
La ceremonia comenzará al mediodía.
B2 verb /ɪˈlɪmɪneɪt/

eliminate

eliminar
Meaning
To completely remove or get rid of something.
Example
Eliminate time-wasting habits.
Elimina los hábitos que desperdician tiempo.
C2 noun /ˈhɛklər/

heckler

interrumpidor
Meaning
A person who interrupts a speaker with rude or aggressive comments.
Example
The politician remained calm despite the heckler shouting from the crowd.
El político se mantuvo tranquilo a pesar del interrumpidor gritando desde la multitud.
C2 adjective /ˈhɛtərəˌdɒks/

heterodox

heterodoxo
Meaning
not conforming with accepted or orthodox standards or beliefs
Example
The professor was known for his heterodox views on religion.
El profesor era conocido por sus puntos de vista heterodoxos sobre la religión.
C1 adjective /ˈdwɪndlɪŋ/

dwindling

disminuyente
Meaning
Gradually reducing in number, size, or strength.
Example
The villagers relied on dwindling water supplies.
Los aldeanos dependían de los suministros de agua en disminución.
C2 noun /kəˈkɒfəni/

cacophony

ruido discordante
Meaning
A harsh, discordant mixture of sounds.
Example
The cacophony of horns made it impossible to concentrate.
El ruido discordante de las bocinas hacía imposible concentrarse.
B1 noun ˈklaɪ.mət tʃeɪndʒ

climate change

cambio climático
Meaning
A change in global or regional climate patterns, attributed largely to the increased levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide produced by the use of fossil fuels.
Example
Climate change is causing more natural disasters.
El cambio climático está causando más desastres naturales.
C2 verb /juˈzɜrp/

usurp

usurpar
Meaning
to take someone's position of power illegally or by force
Example
The general tried to usurp the king's throne.
El general intentó usurpar el trono del rey.
B2 adjective /ˈstʌdid/

studied

estudiado
Meaning
carefully considered, deliberate, or planned
Example
Her response was calm and studied, not impulsive.
Su respuesta fue calmada y estudiada, no impulsiva.
C2 noun /ˌniːoʊˈdɑːrwɪnɪzəm/

neo-darwinism

neodarwinismo
Meaning
A modern interpretation of Darwin's theory of evolution, integrating genetics and natural selection.
Example
Neo-Darwinism combines Darwin’s theory of natural selection with modern genetics.
El neodarwinismo combina la teoría de selección natural de Darwin con la genética moderna.
C2 adjective /ˈtrɛmjələs/

tremulous

tembloroso
Meaning
shaking or quivering slightly, often from nervousness or weakness
Example
Her voice was tremulous as she gave her speech.
Su voz estaba temblorosa cuando dio su discurso.
C1 verb /ɪnˈreɪdʒ/

enrage

enfurecer
Meaning
To make someone extremely angry.
Example
His unfair remarks enraged the audience.
Sus comentarios injustos enfurecieron a la audiencia.
A2 adjective/adverb /ˈdeɪli/

daily

diario
Meaning
happening every day
Example
She reads the newspaper daily.
Ella lee el periódico diariamente.
B2 noun /moʊd/

Mode

modo; forma
Meaning
a way or manner in which something occurs or is done; a setting
Example
The computer has a sleep mode to save energy.
El computador tiene un modo de suspensión para ahorrar energía.
C1 noun /ˈtrɛʒərər/

treasurer

tesorero
Meaning
a person responsible for managing the financial affairs of an organization
Example
The treasurer presented the annual financial report.
El tesorero presentó el informe financiero anual.
C1 adjective /ˈblʌdləs/

bloodless

sin sangre
Meaning
without bloodshed; lacking violence or vitality
Example
The revolution was surprisingly bloodless.
La revolución fue sorprendentemente sin sangre.