Mattress
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B2 noun /ˈmæt.rəs/

Mattress

colchón
Meaning
a large rectangular pad for supporting the reclining body, used as or on a bed
Example
We bought a new mattress for our bedroom.
Compramos un colchón nuevo para nuestra habitación.
C1 verb /ˈɪə.mɑːrk/

earmark

destinar
Meaning
To designate funds, resources, or time for a particular purpose.
Example
The government has earmarked funds for education.
El gobierno ha destinado fondos para la educación.
C1 verb /hɜːrl/

hurl

arrojar con fuerza
Meaning
To throw something with great force.
Example
The boy hurled a stone into the river.
El niño arrojó una piedra al río.
B2 adjective /ˈneɪ.bər.ɪŋ/

Neighbouring

vecino; adyacente; contiguo
Meaning
situated next to or very near; adjacent; bordering
Example
We often visit our neighbouring countries for trade.
A menudo visitamos nuestros países vecinos para el comercio.
C1 noun /ˈɔːtəkræt/

autocrat

autócrata
Meaning
A ruler with absolute power.
Example
The autocrat controlled the country with an iron fist.
El autócrata controlaba el país con mano de hierro.
C1 noun /ɪˈnɔːrmɪti/

enormity

enormidad
Meaning
The extreme scale, seriousness, or extent of something perceived as bad or morally wrong.
Example
The enormity of the crime shocked the entire community.
La enormidad del crimen sorprendió a toda la comunidad.
B2 adjective rɪˈnaʊnd

renowned

renombrado
Meaning
Known or talked about by many people; famous.
Example
The renowned scientist led the reform panel.
El renombrado científico dirigió el panel de reforma.
C1 noun /ˈpɒpjʊləs/

populace

población
Meaning
the general public; the ordinary people living in a country or area
Example
The new law was welcomed by the local populace.
La nueva ley fue bienvenida por la población local.
A2 adjective /trəˈdɪʃənəl/

Traditional

tradicional
Meaning
relating to or following long-established customs; conventional
Example
They had a traditional wedding ceremony.
Tuvieron una ceremonia de boda tradicional.
C1 noun /ˈpɛdlər/

peddler

vendedor ambulante
Meaning
a person who sells goods, often traveling from place to place
Example
The peddler walked through the village selling fresh fruits.
El vendedor ambulante caminaba por el pueblo vendiendo frutas frescas.
B2 verb /ˈɔːltər/

alter

alterar
Meaning
to change or modify something slightly but significantly
Example
She decided to alter her dress to make it fit better.
Ella decidió alterar su vestido para que encajara mejor.
C1 adjective dɒɡˈmæt.ɪk

dogmatic

dogmático
Meaning
Being inclined to lay down principles as incontrovertibly true; characterized by arrogant assertion of unproven principles.
Example
His dogmatic approach to politics made discussions difficult.
Su enfoque dogmático en política hizo que las discusiones fueran difíciles.
C1 adjective /ˈkjuːmjələtɪv/

cumulative

cumulativo
Meaning
Increasing gradually by addition; growing in quantity, force, or effect.
Example
The cumulative effect of stress can harm your health.
El efecto acumulativo del estrés puede dañar tu salud.
C2 noun /ˈsoʊbrɪˌkeɪ/

sobriquet

apodo
Meaning
a person's nickname or descriptive name
Example
The famous leader was known by the sobriquet 'The Iron Lady'.
El famoso líder era conocido por el apodo 'La Dama de Hierro'.
C1 noun /ˌtes.tɪˈmoʊ.ni.əl/

Testimonial

testimonio
Meaning
a formal statement testifying to someone's character and qualifications
Example
The professor wrote a glowing testimonial for her former student.
El profesor escribió un brillante testimonio para su exalumna.
C2 noun /ɡrænˈtiː/

grantee

beneficiario
Meaning
A person or organization that receives a grant or benefit.
Example
The grantee must submit a progress report every six months.
El beneficiario debe presentar un informe de progreso cada seis meses.
A1 noun /fəʊn/

phone

teléfono
Meaning
a device for communication, typically used to make calls or send messages
Example
I need to charge my phone.
Necesito cargar mi teléfono.
A2 adverb /ˈrɛə(r)li/

rarely

raramente
Meaning
not often, infrequently
Example
She rarely eats sweets because of her diet.
Ella rara vez come dulces debido a su dieta.
C1 verb /ˈpɪlfər/

pilfer

robar
Meaning
to steal things of small value or in small quantities
Example
The employee was caught pilfering office supplies.
El empleado fue atrapado robando suministros de oficina.
C2 adjective /fəˈsiːʃəs/

facetious

humerístico
Meaning
Treating serious issues with deliberately inappropriate humor
Example
He was being facetious when he said he wanted to live on the moon.
Estaba siendo humerístico cuando dijo que quería vivir en la luna.
C2 adjective /ɪmˈpræktɪkəbl/

impracticable

impracticable
Meaning
Not capable of being carried out or put into practice.
Example
The plan seemed impracticable due to limited resources.
El plan parecía impracticable debido a los recursos limitados.
A2 verb /ˈriːəlaɪz/

realize

darse cuenta
Meaning
to become aware of; to understand clearly; to achieve or make real
Example
I didn't realize how late it was until I checked the clock.
No me di cuenta de lo tarde que era hasta que miré el reloj.
C2 adjective /əˈskjuː/

askew

torcido
Meaning
Not in a straight or level position; crooked or tilted.
Example
The picture on the wall hung slightly askew.
El cuadro en la pared estaba colgado ligeramente torcido.
C2 verb /ruː/

rue

lamentar
Meaning
To feel regret or sorrow about something.
Example
She will rue the day she trusted him.
Ella lamentará el día que le dio su confianza.
C2 noun /ˌmɪsæprɪˈhɛnʃən/

misapprehension

malentendido
Meaning
a mistaken belief or misunderstanding
Example
There is a common misapprehension about the causes of the disease.
Existe un malentendido común sobre las causas de la enfermedad.
B2 noun ˈpɛstɪˌsaɪd

pesticide

pesticida
Meaning
A substance used for destroying insects or other organisms harmful to cultivated plants or to animals.
Example
The pesticide sprayed in the field killed the harmful insects.
El pesticida rociado en el campo mató a los insectos dañinos.
C1 verb প্রিসিপিটেট

precipitate

precipitar
Meaning
To fall from the sky as rain, snow, or other forms of water.
Example
Vapor precipitates as rain in warmer climates.
El vapor se precipita como lluvia en climas más cálidos.
C1 verb /feɪn/

feign

fingir, simular
Meaning
to pretend or fake; to give a false appearance of
Example
She feigned illness to avoid going to work.
Ella fingió estar enferma para evitar ir a trabajar.
A2 verb /hʌnt/

hunt

cazar
Meaning
to chase and kill wild animals; to search for something
Example
The tigers hunt their prey at night.
Los tigres cazan a su presa por la noche.
A2 noun /treɪ/

Tray

bandeja
Meaning
a flat, shallow container with a raised rim, used for carrying, holding, or displaying articles
Example
She carried the cups on a wooden tray.
Ella llevó las tazas en una bandeja de madera.
A2 preposition /sɪns/

since

desde
Meaning
from a particular time in the past until now
Example
I have known her since childhood.
La conozco desde la infancia.
C1 noun /səˈsteɪnəbl ˈæɡrɪkʌltʃər/

sustainable agriculture

agricultura sostenible
Meaning
Farming practices that meet current food needs while preserving environmental resources and maintaining the ability to produce food for future generations through ecologically sound methods.
Example
Sustainable agriculture practices protect the environment while ensuring food security.
Las prácticas de agricultura sostenible protegen el medio ambiente mientras garantizan la seguridad alimentaria.
B1 adjective /ˈpɜːrmənənt/

Permanent

permanente; inmutable
Meaning
lasting; unchanging; enduring
Example
The tattoo is a permanent mark on his skin.
El tatuaje es una marca permanente en su piel.
B2 noun /kɜːrl/

Curl

rizo; espiral
Meaning
a piece of hair that curves or coils; something with a spiral or curved shape
Example
She had beautiful natural curls that framed her face perfectly.
Ella tenía hermosos rizos naturales que enmarcaban su rostro perfectamente.
C2 noun /ɪkˈsɔːr.ə/

Ixora

ixora
Meaning
a tropical flowering shrub with clusters of small bright red, orange, or yellow flowers
Example
The bright red ixora bushes lined the pathway to the tropical garden.
Los arbustos de ixora de color rojo brillante alineaban el camino hacia el jardín tropical.
C1 adjective ˈwɛðərpruːf

weatherproof

resistente a la intemperie
Meaning
Able to resist or be unaffected by weather, especially rain and wind.
Example
The materials used are weatherproof, ensuring longevity.
Los materiales utilizados son resistentes a la intemperie, asegurando longevidad.
B1 noun /ˌkɒmpəˈzɪʃən/

composition

composición
Meaning
the act of creating a piece of writing, music, or art; the way parts are arranged
Example
Her composition won first prize in the contest.
Su composición ganó el primer premio en el concurso.
B2 noun /ræk/

Rack

estante
Meaning
a framework or structure for holding or storing things
Example
She hung her coat on the rack by the door.
Ella colgó su abrigo en el estante junto a la puerta.
B2 adjective /ˈpʌz.lɪŋ/

Puzzling

desconcertante
Meaning
confusing; perplexing;
Example
The scientist found the results puzzling.
El científico encontró los resultados desconcertantes.
C2 noun /ˌiː.kəʊ.tɒkˈsɪ.kə.lə.dʒi/

ecotoxicology

ecotoxicología
Meaning
The study of the effects of chemical pollution on the environment.
Example
Ecotoxicology studies the effects of pesticides on wildlife.
La ecotoxicología estudia los efectos de los pesticidas en la vida silvestre.
A1 adverb /æz/

As

mientras; porque; durante el tiempo que
Meaning
in the way that; while; because; during the time that
Example
As you grow older, you become wiser.
A medida que creces, te haces más sabio.
C2 noun ট্রোপোস্ফিয়ার

troposphere

troposfera
Meaning
The lowest layer of Earth's atmosphere where weather phenomena occur.
Example
The troposphere is where weather phenomena occur.
La troposfera es donde ocurren los fenómenos meteorológicos.
C1 noun prəˈtɛk.ʃə.nɪ.zəm

protectionism

proteccionismo
Meaning
The theory or practice of shielding a country's domestic industries from foreign competition by taxing imports.
Example
The government's protectionism helped local businesses grow.
El proteccionismo del gobierno ayudó a las empresas locales a crecer.
B2 noun /əˈɡrɛʃən/

aggression

agresión
Meaning
hostile or violent behavior towards others
Example
His sudden aggression surprised everyone in the meeting.
Su repentina agresión sorprendió a todos en la reunión.
C1 noun/adjective /klɛft/

cleft

grieta
Meaning
a split or crack; a space or opening made by cleavage
Example
The goat disappeared into a cleft in the rocks.
La cabra desapareció en una grieta en las rocas.
C1 adjective /ˌʌnfɔːrθˈkʌmɪŋ/

unforthcoming

reacio
Meaning
Not willing to talk or provide information; uncooperative.
Example
The witness was unforthcoming about what he had seen.
El testigo fue reacio a hablar sobre lo que había visto.
A2 noun /wɔːr/

War

guerra
Meaning
a state of armed conflict between different countries or different groups within a country
Example
The war lasted for five years and caused great destruction.
La guerra duró cinco años y causó gran destrucción.
C1 adjective /əbˈstrʌk.tɪv/

Obstructive

obstructivo
Meaning
deliberately creating difficulties or preventing progress; hindering or blocking something
Example
The obstructive policies hindered economic growth.
Las políticas obstructivas obstaculizaron el crecimiento económico.
C2 verb /məˈlɪŋɡər/

malinger

simular enfermedad
Meaning
to exaggerate or fake illness in order to escape duty or work
Example
He tried to malinger to avoid going to school.
Él intentó malinger para evitar ir a la escuela.
B1 noun /leɪn/

lane

camino
Meaning
a narrow road or path, often in the countryside or for specific traffic
Example
They walked down a quiet country lane.
Ellos caminaron por un tranquilo camino rural.
C1 verb /sluː/

slew

girar bruscamente
Meaning
To turn or slide violently in a particular direction.
Example
The car slewed across the icy road.
El coche se deslizó por la carretera helada.
C2 adjective /ɪnˈklɛmɛnt/

inclement

clima inclemente
Meaning
unpleasantly cold, wet, or stormy (usually weather)
Example
The match was canceled due to inclement weather.
El partido fue cancelado debido al clima inclemente.
B2 verb /əˈveɪl/

avail

aprovechar
Meaning
to make use of something; to be of use or benefit
Example
You should avail yourself of this opportunity.
Deberías aprovechar esta oportunidad.
B2 noun /ˈɛseɪ/

essay

ensayo
Meaning
A short piece of writing on a particular subject.
Example
She wrote an essay about climate change.
Ella escribió un ensayo sobre el cambio climático.
C1 adjective /sɛkˈtɛəriən/

sectarian

sectario
Meaning
relating to or characterized by the differences between sects, often leading to conflict
Example
The region has been troubled by sectarian violence for decades.
La región ha estado atormentada por la violencia sectaria durante décadas.
C1 noun /bɜːrθ/

Berth

lit; un lugar para dormir en un barco, tren u otro vehículo
Meaning
a sleeping place in a ship, train, or other vehicle; a place where a ship can dock
Example
I booked an upper berth on the overnight train.
Reservé una litera superior en el tren nocturno.
C1 noun /ɪkˌsperɪˈmɛnteɪʃən/

experimentation

experimentación
Meaning
The process of performing a scientific procedure to make a discovery, test a hypothesis, or demonstrate a known fact.
Example
Experimentation leads to groundbreaking products.
La experimentación conduce a productos innovadores.
B2 verb /wɛd/

wed

casarse
Meaning
to marry someone; to enter into a marriage
Example
They decided to wed in a small ceremony by the beach.
Ellos decidieron casarse en una pequeña ceremonia en la playa.
C1 adjective /ˈrævənəs/

ravenous

hambriento
Meaning
Extremely hungry; famished.
Example
After the long hike, she was ravenous and ate quickly.
Después de la larga caminata, ella estaba famélica y comió rápidamente.
C1 adjective /ˌkɒnsɪˈkwɛnʃəl/

consequential

trascendental
Meaning
Having important or significant consequences; resulting from something.
Example
The meeting was consequential for the future of the project.
La reunión fue trascendental para el futuro del proyecto.
C2 adjective /ˈsɪŋkəˌpeɪtɪd/

syncopated

sincopado
Meaning
Characterized by displaced beats or rhythms, especially in music.
Example
The jazz piece had a syncopated rhythm that energized the crowd.
La pieza de jazz tenía un ritmo sincopado que energizó a la multitud.
A2 noun /ˈtrævələr/

traveller

viajero
Meaning
A person who is on a journey or frequently travels to different places.
Example
The traveller set out early in the morning to explore new lands.
El viajero salió temprano por la mañana para explorar nuevas tierras.
C1 noun /kəmˈplɪsəti/

complicity

complicidad
Meaning
the state of being involved with others in an illegal activity or wrongdoing
Example
The court revealed his complicity in the fraud scheme.
El tribunal reveló su complicidad en el esquema de fraude.
C1 adjective ˈzɛləs

zealous

celoso
Meaning
Having or showing great energy or enthusiasm in pursuit of a cause or objective; fervent.
Example
The zealous volunteers worked tirelessly for the cause.
Los voluntarios celosos trabajaron incansablemente por la causa.
B2 noun /ˈɡʌvərnər/

governor

gobernador
Meaning
An official appointed or elected to govern a state, territory, or organization.
Example
The governor addressed the citizens about the upcoming election.
El gobernador dirigió a los ciudadanos sobre las próximas elecciones.
C1 verb /ɪnˈtɒksɪkeɪt/

intoxicate

felicidad
Meaning
to make someone lose control of their faculties or behavior due to alcohol or drugs
Example
The strong drink quickly intoxicated him.
No pudo esconder su felicidad cuando recibió el premio.
C2 verb /bruːt/

bruit

difundir un rumor
Meaning
to spread a rumor or report widely
Example
The scandal was quickly bruited about the town.
El escándalo se difundió rápidamente por la ciudad.
B2 adjective /ʌnˈkɒn.ʃəs/

Unconscious

inconsciente; desmayado
Meaning
not awake and aware of one's surroundings; done or existing without one realizing
Example
The patient was unconscious for several hours after the surgery.
El paciente estuvo inconsciente durante varias horas después de la cirugía.
C2 noun /ˈplɛntɪtjuːd/

plentitude

abundancia
Meaning
the condition of being full or abundant
Example
The garden offered a plentitude of flowers in spring.
El jardín ofreció una gran cantidad de flores en primavera.
B2 noun /ˈɪm.pʌls/

Impulse

impulso; deseo súbito
Meaning
a sudden strong and unreflective urge or desire to act; a driving force or motivation
Example
She bought the expensive dress on impulse and later regretted the purchase.
Compró el vestido caro por impulso y luego lamentó la compra.
C1 adjective /ˈliː.ni.ənt/

Lenient

tolerante; indulgente; misericordioso; no estricto en el castigo o juicio
Meaning
tolerant; forgiving; merciful; not strict in punishment or judgment
Example
The teacher was lenient with students who submitted their homework late.
El maestro fue tolerante con los estudiantes que entregaron su tarea tarde.
C1 adjective /ˌʌnəkˈnɒlɪdʒd/

unacknowledged

no reconocido
Meaning
Not recognized, admitted, or accepted; ignored or unnoticed
Example
Her contributions to the project went unacknowledged.
Sus contribuciones al proyecto pasaron desapercibidas.
B2 noun /ˈreɪn.dʒər/

ranger

guardabosques
Meaning
A person responsible for protecting and managing forests, parks, or natural areas.
Example
The park ranger guided the tourists through the forest trail.
El guardabosques del parque guió a los turistas por el sendero del bosque.
B2 noun /ˌɛkskləˈmeɪʃən/

exclamation

exclamación
Meaning
A sudden cry or remark expressing strong emotion or surprise.
Example
She let out an exclamation of joy when she heard the news.
Ella soltó una exclamación de alegría cuando escuchó las noticias.
C1 noun /lɪŋˈɡwɪstɪks/

linguistics

lingüística
Meaning
The scientific study of language and its structure.
Example
She decided to major in linguistics at university.
Decidió especializarse en lingüística en la universidad.
C1 noun rɪˌkuːpərˈeɪʃən

recuperation

recuperación
Meaning
The process of gradually recovering from illness or fatigue
Example
Rest is essential for recuperation after illness.
El descanso es esencial para la recuperación después de una enfermedad.
B1 noun /rɪˈzɔː.sɪz/

resources

recursos
Meaning
A stock or supply of money, materials, staff, and other assets.
Example
The region was rich in herbal resources.
La región estaba rica en recursos herbales.
C2 noun /hɑrˈmoʊniəm/

Harmonium

harmonium
Meaning
a keyboard musical instrument similar to an organ, using air to produce sound
Example
She played devotional songs on the harmonium at the temple.
Ella tocó canciones devocionales en el harmonium del templo.
A2 pronoun /wɒtˈɛvər/

whatever

lo que sea
Meaning
used to refer to anything or everything that is of the type mentioned
Example
You can choose whatever you like.
Puedes elegir lo que quieras.
B1 adjective /rɪˈdɪk.jə.ləs/

Ridiculous

ridículo; absurdo; tonto
Meaning
extremely silly or unreasonable; deserving or causing laughter
Example
The idea of building a house without tools is ridiculous.
La idea de construir una casa sin herramientas es ridícula.
B2 noun /ˈmɑːrdʒɪn/

Margin

margen
Meaning
The edge or border of something; an amount allowed beyond what is needed
Example
Please write your notes in the margin of the page.
Por favor, escribe tus notas en el margen de la página.
C1 noun /rɪˌdʒuːvəˈneɪʃən/

rejuvenation

rejuvenecimiento
Meaning
The process of restoring something to a former better state, especially referring to renewing soil fertility or revitalizing agricultural land through various restoration practices.
Example
Rejuvenation of soil is necessary for sustainable agriculture.
El rejuvenecimiento del suelo es necesario para la agricultura sostenible.
B1 noun /ˈhʌŋɡər/

hunger

hambre
Meaning
the feeling of discomfort caused by lack of food
Example
The child cried out of hunger.
El niño lloraba por hambre.
B2 noun/adjective /kənˈstɪtʃuənt/

constituent

constituente
Meaning
Noun: A member of a constituency or an essential part of something. Adjective: Being a necessary part of a whole.
Example
The senator met with his constituents to discuss local issues.
El senador se reunió con sus constituyentes para discutir problemas locales.
B2 adjective /ʌnˈkɒmən/

uncommon

poco común
Meaning
rare, unusual, or remarkable
Example
It is uncommon to see snow in this region.
Es raro ver nieve en esta región.
B2 noun /ˈɔːrɡənaɪzər/

organizer

organizador
Meaning
a person who arranges or coordinates activities, events, or groups; a tool or item used to keep things in order
Example
She worked as the main organizer of the international conference.
Ella fue la principal organizadora de la conferencia internacional.
C2 noun /ˈvɪtəlz/

victuals

víveres
Meaning
Food or provisions, especially for human consumption.
Example
The travelers packed enough victuals for their long journey.
Los viajeros empacaron suficientes víveres para su largo viaje.
A2 noun /ˈpoʊstər/

poster

póster
Meaning
a large printed picture or notice that is put on a wall for decoration or to advertise something
Example
They put up a movie poster outside the theater.
Ellos pusieron un póster de película afuera del cine.
C2 noun /ˌæd.ʌmˈbreɪ.ʃən/

adumbration

presagio vago
Meaning
a vague foreshadowing or symbolic representation of something
Example
The play offers an adumbration of the political unrest to come.
La obra ofrece un presagio vago del malestar político que se avecina.
C1 noun ˈledʒ.ɪ.slə.tʃər

legislature

legislatura
Meaning
The legislative body of a country or state; the branch of government that makes laws.
Example
The legislature drafts laws for governance.
La legislatura redacta leyes para la gobernanza.
B2 noun /ˈpɜr.mə.nəns/

Permanence

permanencia
Meaning
the state or quality of lasting or remaining unchanged indefinitely; enduring nature
Example
The permanence of the stone monument impressed all visitors.
La permanencia del monumento de piedra impresionó a todos los visitantes.
C1 noun ˌɪn.fɪlˈtreɪ.ʃən

infiltration

infiltración, acceso secreto
Meaning
The process of entering or gaining access to an organization or place surreptitiously.
Example
Cybersecurity prevents infiltration into sensitive data.
La ciberseguridad previene la infiltración en datos sensibles.
B2 verb/noun /ˈsɛnsər/

censor

censurar
Meaning
to suppress or remove parts of books, films, or information considered offensive or harmful; a person who does this
Example
The government tried to censor the controversial film.
El gobierno intentó censurar la película controvertida.
B2 verb /θraɪv/

thrive

prosperar
Meaning
to grow, develop, or be successful
Example
Small businesses can thrive with proper support.
Las pequeñas empresas pueden prosperar con el apoyo adecuado.
B2 noun /ˌɒb.zəˈveɪ.ʃənz/

observations

observación
Meaning
The action or process of observing something carefully.
Example
Observations of distant galaxies provide new insights.
Las observaciones de galaxias distantes proporcionan nuevas ideas.
C1 verb /ʌnˈnɜːrv/

unnerve

perder la confianza
Meaning
to make someone lose confidence, courage, or composure
Example
The hostile questions began to unnerve the witness.
Las preguntas hostiles comenzaron a poner nervioso al testigo.
B2 noun, verb /pɪə(r)/

peer

igual
Meaning
noun: a person of the same rank or status; verb: to look closely or with difficulty
Example
He tried to peer through the fog to see his peers on the other side.
Él intentó mirar a través de la niebla para ver a sus iguales al otro lado.
B1 noun /kəmˈpɛtɪtər/

competitor

competidor
Meaning
a person, team, or company that competes with others
Example
The company lowered its prices to beat its main competitor.
La empresa redujo sus precios para vencer a su principal competidor.
B1 noun, verb /ˈseɪ.lɪŋ/

sailing

navegación a vela
Meaning
The act of traveling in a boat or ship using sails; the sport or activity of navigating a boat with sails.
Example
We went sailing on the lake during the summer.
Fuimos a navegar en el lago durante el verano.
C1 noun /ˈblæs.fə.mi/

blasphemy

blasfemia
Meaning
the act of speaking disrespectfully about God or sacred things
Example
In some countries, blasphemy is a punishable offense.
En algunos países, la blasfemia es un delito castigable.
C1 noun /ˈstaɪpend/

Stipend

subsidio
Meaning
a fixed regular sum paid as a salary or allowance
Example
The research student receives a monthly stipend for living expenses.
El estudiante de investigación recibe un estipendio mensual para sus gastos de vida.
C2 noun /prəˈtɛktərət/

protectorate

protectorado
Meaning
A state that is controlled and protected by another.
Example
The small country became a protectorate of the empire.
El pequeño país se convirtió en un protectorado del imperio.
C1 verb /dɪˈɡreɪd/

degrade

degradar
Meaning
To lower in dignity, quality, or value; to treat with disrespect or to deteriorate.
Example
Harsh words can degrade a person's confidence.
Las palabras duras pueden degradar la confianza de una persona.
C2 noun /vɪˈsɪsɪtjuːd/

vicissitude

vicisitudes de la vida
Meaning
A natural change or succession of one thing to another; the ups and downs of life.
Example
The vicissitude of life often teaches resilience.
Las vicisitudes de la vida a menudo enseñan resiliencia.
C2 noun, adjective /nɒn ˈkɒmbətənt/

non-combatant

no combatiente
Meaning
a person not engaged in fighting during a war, such as civilians or medical staff
Example
The Red Cross workers were treated as non-combatants in the conflict.
Los trabajadores de la Cruz Roja fueron tratados como no combatientes en el conflicto.
C2 noun /ˈfoʊ.nə.ɡræm/

phonogram

grafema fonético
Meaning
a written symbol representing a speech sound
Example
The teacher showed how each phonogram represents a particular sound.
El maestro mostró cómo cada fonograma representa un sonido particular.
C2 noun /ˈmɒnəɡrɑːf/

monograph

monografía
Meaning
A detailed written study of a single specialized subject or aspect of it.
Example
The professor published a monograph on ancient pottery.
El profesor publicó una monografía sobre la cerámica antigua.
B1 adjective /ɪmˈpruːvd/

improved

mejorado
Meaning
made better or enhanced in quality or condition
Example
Her health has significantly improved since last month.
Su salud ha mejorado significativamente desde el mes pasado.
C1 noun, verb /slɜːr/

slur

insulto / palabra despectiva
Meaning
An insulting remark or suggestion; or to speak indistinctly.
Example
He made a slur against her character.
Hizo un comentario despectivo sobre su carácter.
B2 noun /stəˈbɪl.ə.ti/

Stability

estabilidad
Meaning
the state of being stable; firmness; steadiness
Example
Political stability is essential for economic growth.
La estabilidad política es esencial para el crecimiento económico.
B2 adjective /ɪnˈkluːsɪv/

inclusive

inclusivo
Meaning
Including all the services, facilities, or items normally expected or required; not excluding any section of society or any party involved.
Example
Inclusive growth benefits all sections of society.
El crecimiento inclusivo beneficia a todas las secciones de la sociedad.
C2 adjective /ɪnˈeɪliənəbl/

inalienable

inalienable
Meaning
Unable to be taken away or transferred; absolute and permanent.
Example
Freedom of speech is an inalienable right.
La libertad de expresión es un derecho inalienable.
C1 adjective /seɪdʒ/

Sage

sabio; prudente; con buen juicio
Meaning
wise; showing wisdom from experience; prudent; having good judgment
Example
The sage advice from the elder helped solve the problem.
El sabio consejo del anciano ayudó a resolver el problema.
B1 noun /ˈkæp.ɪ.təl/

Capital

capital; riqueza; fondos
Meaning
the most important city or town of a country or region; wealth in the form of money or assets
Example
Paris is the capital of France and also a major financial capital.
París es la capital de Francia y también un importante centro financiero.
B2 verb /pɪəs/

pierce

perforar
Meaning
to make a hole through something; to penetrate with a sharp object
Example
The arrow will pierce through the target.
La flecha atravesará el objetivo.
B2 noun /ɪsˈlɑːm/

islam

islám religión
Meaning
the religion founded by the Prophet Muhammad, based on belief in one God (Allah)
Example
Islam emphasizes peace, justice, and compassion.
El Islam enfatiza la paz, la justicia y la compasión.
C2 noun phrase /ˌhjuː ən ˈkraɪ/

hue and cry

gritos de protesta
Meaning
A loud public outcry or protest, often demanding action.
Example
There was a hue and cry over the new policy changes.
Hubo un gran grito de protesta por los nuevos cambios de política.
B2 adjective ˈlɒdʒ.ɪ.kəl

logical

lógico
Meaning
Of or according to the rules of logic or formal argument.
Example
Logical circuits ensure effective computation.
Los circuitos lógicos aseguran un cálculo efectivo.
C2 verb /ˈɪmprɛɡneɪt/

impregnate

embarazar / impregnar
Meaning
To make pregnant; to fill or saturate with something.
Example
The scientist used a method to impregnate the material with resin.
El científico utilizó un método para impregnar el material con resina.
C1 verb /ˈliːɡəlaɪz/

legalize

legalizar
Meaning
To make something lawful by official approval.
Example
The government decided to legalize online businesses.
El gobierno decidió legalizar los negocios en línea.
C2 verb /ɪˈvɪns/

evince

demostrar
Meaning
to show or demonstrate clearly
Example
She evinced her interest in the project through active participation.
Ella evidenció su interés en el proyecto mediante una participación activa.