manipulation
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B2 noun /məˌnɪp.jəˈleɪ.ʃən/

manipulation

manipulación
Meaning
The action of manipulating someone or something in a skillful manner; handling or controlling in a subtle, unfair, or unscrupulous way.
Example
Media manipulation influences public opinion.
La manipulación mediática influye en la opinión pública.
C2 noun /boʊ/

beau

novio
Meaning
a male admirer or boyfriend; a fashionable young man
Example
She arrived at the party with her beau.
Ella llegó a la fiesta con su novio.
C1 noun /ˈmænəˌrɪzəm/

Mannerism

manierismo
Meaning
A habitual gesture or way of speaking or behaving; an idiosyncrasy
Example
His constant throat clearing had become an annoying mannerism.
Su constante aclaración de garganta se había convertido en una molesta manera de actuar.
B1 noun /ˈkʌntrisaɪd/

countryside

campo
Meaning
land outside cities and towns; rural areas with farms, fields, and villages
Example
She enjoys the peace and beauty of the countryside.
Ella disfruta de la paz y la belleza del campo.
B2 verb /ɪnˈtɜːrprət/

interpret

interpretar / traducir
Meaning
to explain the meaning of something; to translate orally
Example
She had to interpret the speech for the foreign guests.
Ella tuvo que interpretar el discurso para los invitados extranjeros.
B2 noun ˈlɒŋ tɜːm ˈmɛm.ər.i

Long-term memory

memoria a largo plazo
Meaning
Such memory that remains stored in the brain for a long time
Example
Repeated practice helps transfer information into long-term memory.
La práctica repetida ayuda a transferir información a la memoria a largo plazo.
B1 noun /ɪkˈspens/

Expense

gasto; desembolso;
Meaning
the cost required for something; money spent on something
Example
The travel expense for the business trip was covered by the company.
El gasto de viaje para el viaje de negocios fue cubierto por la empresa.
C2 verb /səbˈsjuːm/

subsume

incluir
Meaning
To include or absorb something into a larger group or category.
Example
Minor details were subsumed under the main topic.
Los detalles menores fueron subsumidos bajo el tema principal.
C1 adjective ˈɛl.ə.kwənt

eloquent

elocuente
Meaning
Fluent or persuasive in speaking or writing; clearly expressing or indicating something.
Example
Her eloquent speech inspired the entire audience.
Su elocuente discurso inspiró a toda la audiencia.
C1 noun /ˈɪtʃ.i.nəs/

itchiness

picazón
Meaning
The quality or condition of feeling an irritating sensation on the skin that causes a desire to scratch.
Example
Eye itchiness often leads to rubbing.
La picazón en los ojos a menudo conduce a frotarse.
B1 noun /rɪˈzɔː.sɪz/

resources

recursos
Meaning
A stock or supply of money, materials, staff, and other assets.
Example
The region was rich in herbal resources.
La región estaba rica en recursos herbales.
B1 noun /ˈskwɪr.əl/

Squirrel

ardilla
Meaning
a small agile tree-dwelling rodent with a long bushy tail
Example
The squirrel gathered nuts for winter.
La ardilla recogió nueces para el invierno.
B2 adjective /ˈnoʊ.ɪŋ/

Knowing

conocimiento; perceptivo; astuto;
Meaning
showing awareness or understanding; perceptive; shrewd
Example
She gave him a knowing smile when he mentioned the secret.
Ella le dio una sonrisa comprensiva cuando mencionó el secreto.
A1 interjection /baɪ/

bye

adiós
Meaning
used to say goodbye; a short and informal farewell
Example
I said bye to her before leaving.
Le dije adiós antes de irme.
C2 noun /ˈkɒnsənəns/

consonance

consonancia, armonía
Meaning
Agreement or harmony among parts; a pleasing combination of sounds in music or words.
Example
The consonance between their ideas made the project successful.
La consonancia entre sus ideas hizo que el proyecto fuera exitoso.
C1 noun /ˈvæɡ.ə.bɒnd/

Vagabond

vagabundo; nómada
Meaning
a person who has no home or job and travels from place to place
Example
The old vagabond wandered through the streets looking for food.
El viejo vagabundo caminaba por las calles buscando comida.
B1 noun rɪˈdʌk.ʃən

reduction

reducción
Meaning
The action or fact of making a specified thing smaller or less in amount, degree, or size.
Example
Greenhouse gas reduction is a primary global goal.
La reducción de los gases de efecto invernadero es un objetivo global principal.
C2 noun /draɪ ˈmæŋgoʊ ˈpaʊdər/

Dry Mango Powder

amchur
Meaning
a tangy powder made from dried raw mangoes, used as a spice in Indian cuisine
Example
The chef sprinkled dry mango powder over the chaat for extra tanginess.
El chef espolvoreó polvo de mango seco sobre el chaat para darle más acidez.
C1 noun /prəˈpraɪəti/

propriety

decoro
Meaning
Conformity to accepted standards of behavior or morality.
Example
He always behaved with the utmost propriety in public.
Siempre se comportaba con el máximo decoro en público.
A2 verb /ˈloʊər/

lower

reducir
Meaning
to move something to a lower position or to reduce
Example
The company decided to lower the prices.
La compañía decidió reducir los precios.
B2 noun /ˈæɡ.ə.ni/

Agony

sufrimiento extremo físico o mental; dolor intenso
Meaning
extreme physical or mental suffering; intense pain
Example
He was in agony after the accident.
Estaba en agonía después del accidente.
B2 noun /pʌŋk/

punk

punk
Meaning
a type of popular music, or the culture associated with it, characterized by loud, fast rhythms and rebellious attitudes
Example
He’s always been into punk music and fashion.
Siempre le ha interesado la música y la moda punk.
C1 noun /ˌdɛməˈlɪʃən/

demolition

demolición
Meaning
the act or process of destroying a building or structure
Example
The demolition of the old factory took several weeks.
La demolición de la antigua fábrica tomó varias semanas.
C2 noun /ˈkɒntrətɑː̃/

contretemps

desacuerdo inesperado
Meaning
an unexpected and unfortunate event or disagreement; a minor dispute
Example
There was a small contretemps between the two colleagues during the meeting.
Hubo un pequeño desacuerdo entre los dos colegas durante la reunión.
B2 noun /ʌnˈsɜːrtənti/

Uncertainty

incertidumbre; duda o falta de certeza
Meaning
the state of being uncertain; doubt or lack of sureness
Example
The uncertainty about the weather delayed our trip.
La incertidumbre sobre el clima retrasó nuestro viaje.
C1 verb /ˈnjuːtrəlaɪz/

neutralize

neutralizar
Meaning
to make something ineffective or harmless
Example
The medicine helped neutralize the poison in his system.
La medicina ayudó a neutralizar el veneno en su sistema.
B2 noun /heɪ/

hay

heno
Meaning
grass that has been cut, dried, and stored for use as animal feed
Example
The cows were eating hay in the barn.
Las vacas estaban comiendo heno en el granero.
B1 adverb /ˈriː.zən.ə.bli/

Reasonably

razonablemente; de manera sensata;
Meaning
in a sensible way; fairly; to a moderate degree
Example
The hotel room was reasonably priced for the location.
La habitación del hotel estaba razonablemente bien precio para la ubicación.
C2 adjective /ˈkɒndʒʊɡəl/

conjugal

conyugal
Meaning
relating to marriage or the relationship between husband and wife
Example
They enjoyed a long life of conjugal happiness.
Disfrutaron de una larga vida de felicidad conyugal.
B2 adverb /bɪˈfɔːr.hænd/

Beforehand

de antemano; con anticipación; antes
Meaning
in advance; ahead of time; earlier
Example
We prepared everything beforehand.
Preparamos todo de antemano.
B1 verb /krɔːl/

crawl

arrastrarse
Meaning
to move slowly on hands and knees; to move very slowly
Example
The baby crawled across the floor to reach the toy.
El bebé se arrastró por el piso para alcanzar el juguete.
B2 verb /ˈæɡ.rə.veɪt/

aggravate

agravar
Meaning
To make a situation worse or more serious.
Example
Scratching the rash will only aggravate the condition.
Rascar la erupción solo agravará la condición.
C2 noun /ˈprɛlət/

prelate

miembro de alto rango del clero
Meaning
A high-ranking member of the clergy, especially a bishop or abbot.
Example
The prelate delivered a sermon to the congregation.
El prelado dio un sermón a la congregación.
B1 verb /rɪˈdʒekt/

reject

rechazar
Meaning
to refuse to accept or consider something
Example
The committee decided to reject the proposal.
El comité decidió rechazar la propuesta.
A2 verb /ˈmɪsɪŋ/

missing

desaparecido
Meaning
Being without or lacking; failing to be present or included.
Example
Many youths are missing economic opportunities.
Muchos jóvenes están perdiendo oportunidades económicas.
C2 noun /ˈdræɡˌnɛt/

dragnet

redada
Meaning
A systematic search or investigation, often by police to catch criminals.
Example
The police launched a dragnet to capture the fugitives.
La policía lanzó una redada para capturar a los fugitivos.
C1 verb /ˈpɪlfər/

pilfer

robar
Meaning
to steal things of small value or in small quantities
Example
The employee was caught pilfering office supplies.
El empleado fue atrapado robando suministros de oficina.
B2 adjective /ʌnˈfeɪv(ə)rəbəl/

unfavorable

desfavorable
Meaning
not beneficial or advantageous; showing disapproval or opposition
Example
The proposal received an unfavorable response from the committee.
La propuesta recibió una respuesta desfavorable del comité.
B1 noun /bæŋ/

Bang

un ruido fuerte repentino; un golpe o impacto fuerte
Meaning
a sudden loud noise; a hard blow or hit
Example
The door closed with a loud bang that woke everyone up.
La puerta se cerró con un fuerte ruido que despertó a todos.
B2 noun /ˈsɒr.oʊ/

Sorrow

tristeza; dolor;
Meaning
a feeling of deep distress caused by loss or disappointment
Example
His heart was filled with sorrow after the tragedy.
Su corazón estaba lleno de tristeza después de la tragedia.
B2 noun /ˌsuː.pərˈstɪʃ.ən/

Superstition

superstición
Meaning
a belief or practice considered irrational or supernatural
Example
Breaking a mirror brings seven years of bad luck is a common superstition.
Romper un espejo trae siete años de mala suerte, es una superstición común.
C1 noun /ˌekspəˈzɪʃən/

exposition

exposición
Meaning
a detailed explanation or a large public exhibition
Example
The scientist gave a clear exposition of the theory.
El científico dio una explicación clara de la teoría.
B2 noun /ˌklærɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/

clarification

aclaración
Meaning
The action of making a statement or situation less confused and more clearly comprehensible.
Example
The manager requested clarification on the project details.
El gerente solicitó aclaraciones sobre los detalles del proyecto.
C2 noun /ˌpriːɪɡˈzɪstəns/

preexistence

preexistencia
Meaning
the state of existing before something else
Example
Philosophers often debated the preexistence of the soul.
Los filósofos a menudo debatían sobre la preexistencia del alma.
C2 adjective /ˌɪndɪˈtɜːrmənət/

indeterminate

indeterminado
Meaning
Not exactly known, defined, or established; vague or uncertain.
Example
The project was delayed for an indeterminate amount of time.
El proyecto se retrasó por un tiempo indeterminado.
C1 noun /ˈhaɪndsaɪt/

hindsight

perspectiva retroactiva
Meaning
Understanding of a situation only after it has happened.
Example
With the benefit of hindsight, we realized the decision was a mistake.
Con la ventaja de la perspectiva retroactiva, nos dimos cuenta de que la decisión fue un error.
C2 noun /ˌær.əˈbɪl.ɪ.ti/

arability

arabilidad
Meaning
The quality of land being suitable for growing crops.
Example
The arability of land depends on soil quality and water availability.
La arabilidad de la tierra depende de la calidad del suelo y de la disponibilidad de agua.
B2 noun (plural) /ˈɑːrtɪˌfæks/

artifacts

artefactos
Meaning
objects made by humans, often of historical or cultural importance
Example
Archaeologists discovered valuable artifacts in the ruins.
Los arqueólogos descubrieron artefactos valiosos en las ruinas.
B1 noun /ˈsʌn.laɪt/

sunlight

luz solar
Meaning
Direct light from the sun.
Example
Sunlight does not reach the abyssal depths of the ocean.
La luz solar no llega a las profundidades abisales del océano.
B2 adjective /ræʃ/

rash

impulsivo, imprudente
Meaning
Acting quickly without careful consideration; reckless.
Example
It was a rash decision to invest without research.
Fue una decisión imprudente invertir sin investigación.
A2 adverb /ˈæktʃuəli/

actually

en realidad
Meaning
used to emphasize that something is true, especially when surprising
Example
She actually completed the project ahead of schedule.
Ella en realidad completó el proyecto antes de lo previsto.
C2 noun /ˈɡɑːrɡɔɪl/

gargoyle

escultura de piedra (de forma grotesca)
Meaning
A carved stone figure, often of a grotesque creature, on a building, typically used as a spout to carry water away.
Example
The ancient cathedral had gargoyles on every corner.
La antigua catedral tenía gárgolas en cada esquina.
C1 verb /ˈræn.sæk/

ransack

saquear
Meaning
to search a place roughly and steal or damage things
Example
Burglars ransacked the house while the family was away.
Los ladrones saquearon la casa mientras la familia estaba fuera.
B2 noun /slæŋ/

Slang

jerga; lenguaje informal
Meaning
very informal language that is usually spoken rather than written
Example
The teenagers used slang that their parents couldn't understand.
Los adolescentes usaron jerga que sus padres no pudieron entender.
C2 noun /ˈpɒsi/

posse

pandilla / grupo de amigos
Meaning
A group of people, often friends or a group organized to support or enforce the law.
Example
He arrived at the party with his posse of friends.
Llegó a la fiesta con su pandilla de amigos.
C1 adjective /ˌæbəˈrɪdʒənəl/

aboriginal

aborigen
Meaning
Relating to the original inhabitants of a region.
Example
The museum has a large collection of aboriginal art.
El museo tiene una gran colección de arte aborigen.
C1 noun /ˈræp.tʃər/

rapture

éxtasis, rapto
Meaning
A feeling of intense joy, delight, or ecstasy.
Example
She listened to the music in rapture.
Ella escuchaba la música en éxtasis.
C2 adjective /ɪˈbʊliənt/

ebullient

exuberante
Meaning
cheerful and full of energy
Example
She was ebullient after receiving the good news.
Ella estaba exuberante después de recibir la buena noticia.
C2 adjective /ˈbɪbjələs/

bibulous

bebedor
Meaning
Excessively fond of drinking alcohol.
Example
His bibulous habits worried his family.
Sus hábitos bebedores preocupaban a su familia.
B2 adjective kəˈləʊ.ni.əl

colonial

colonial
Meaning
Relating to or characteristic of a colony or colonialism, especially involving the control of one country by another.
Example
Colonial rule suppressed local governance.
El gobierno colonial suprimió el gobierno local.
C1 adjective /ˈwɔːrˌlaɪk/

warlike

bélico
Meaning
Having an aggressive or militant nature; inclined to fight or engage in war.
Example
The tribe was known for its warlike traditions.
La tribu era conocida por sus tradiciones bélicas.
C2 adjective /həˈrɛtɪkəl/

heretical

herético
Meaning
Relating to or characterized by departure from accepted beliefs or standards, especially in religion.
Example
The priest condemned the book as heretical.
El sacerdote condenó el libro como herético.
C2 adjective /ˈpɪrɪk/

pyrrhic

victoria pírrica
Meaning
A victory won at such a great cost that it is almost equivalent to defeat.
Example
The general declared the battle a pyrrhic victory due to heavy losses.
El general declaró la batalla una victoria pírrica debido a las grandes pérdidas.
B2 adjective /ˌædvənˈteɪdʒəs/

Advantageous

ventajoso; favorable; lucrativo
Meaning
beneficial; favorable; profitable
Example
This position offers advantageous opportunities for career growth.
Esta posición ofrece oportunidades ventajosas para el crecimiento profesional.
C1 adjective /ˈkɒɡ.nɪ.zənt/

cognizant

consciente
Meaning
Having knowledge or being aware of something.
Example
He was cognizant of the risks before starting the project.
Él estaba consciente de los riesgos antes de comenzar el proyecto.
C1 noun prəˈfaʊnd ɪˈnɪʃətɪv

profound initiative

iniciativa profunda
Meaning
A deep, meaningful, and significant action or program designed to create change.
Example
A profound initiative can create sustainable changes.
Una iniciativa profunda puede crear cambios sostenibles.
B2 noun /ˈnɒvəlɪst/

novelist

novelista
Meaning
a person who writes novels
Example
The novelist spent years writing his new book.
El novelista pasó años escribiendo su nuevo libro.
C1 noun /ˈɡɑːr.lənd/

Garland

guirnalda; corona de flores;
Meaning
a wreath of flowers and leaves, worn on the head or hung as decoration
Example
The bride wore a beautiful floral garland during the traditional ceremony.
La novia llevó una hermosa guirnalda floral durante la ceremonia tradicional.
B1 verb /ˈstɒpɪŋ/

stopping

detener
Meaning
Coming to a halt or pause.
Example
The ship is stopping at the Falkland Islands.
El barco está deteniéndose en las Islas Malvinas.
B1 noun /tuːn/

Tune

melodía; composición musical; tono musical
Meaning
a melody or musical composition; correct musical pitch
Example
She hummed a beautiful tune while working in the garden.
Ella tarareaba una hermosa melodía mientras trabajaba en el jardín.
B1 noun /ˈkɑn.tent/

Content

satisfecho
Meaning
pleased and satisfied; the things that are contained in something; subject matter of a text
Example
She felt content with her simple life in the countryside.
Ella estaba contenta con su vida simple en el campo.
C2 noun /ˌrækənˈtɜːr/

Raconteur

felicidad
Meaning
a person who tells anecdotes in a skillful and amusing way
Example
The old man was a gifted raconteur who entertained everyone with his stories.
Ella no pudo ocultar su felicidad cuando recibió el premio.
A1 noun /kiːp/

Keep

sustento; la parte más fuerte de un castillo
Meaning
food and other things necessary for living; the strongest part of a castle
Example
He worked hard to earn his keep and support his family.
Trabajó duro para ganarse el sustento y apoyar a su familia.
A1 noun /ˈrɛst(ə)rɒnt/

restaurant

restaurante
Meaning
a place where meals are prepared and served to customers
Example
We went to the restaurant for dinner.
Fuimos al restaurante para la cena.
A2 noun /prəˈfɛsər/

professor

profesor
Meaning
a senior teacher or academic at a college or university
Example
The professor explained the theory clearly.
El profesor explicó la teoría claramente.
B2 adjective /kənˈdɪʃ.ən.əl/

Conditional

condicional; sujeto a condiciones
Meaning
dependent on certain conditions; not absolute
Example
The job offer is conditional upon passing the background check.
La oferta de trabajo es condicional a pasar la verificación de antecedentes.
B1 noun /ˈwaɪldˌlaɪf/

wildlife

vida silvestre
Meaning
animals, birds, and plants living in their natural environment
Example
The park is home to a wide variety of wildlife.
El parque es hogar de una gran variedad de vida silvestre.
A2 adjective /ˈsʌdən/

Sudden

repentino; abrupto; inesperado;
Meaning
happening or done quickly and unexpectedly; abrupt
Example
There was a sudden change in the weather.
Hubo un cambio repentino en el clima.
C1 noun /ˈsɪtəˌdɛl/

citadel

ciudadela
Meaning
A fortress protecting or dominating a city.
Example
The ancient citadel stood guard over the town for centuries.
La antigua ciudadela protegía la ciudad durante siglos.
C2 verb /ˈɪntərˌdɪkt/

interdict

prohibir
Meaning
to prohibit or forbid something by authoritative order, often by law or decree
Example
The court moved to interdict the sale of the illegal goods.
El tribunal se movió para prohibir la venta de los bienes ilegales.
C2 noun /ˈɪntərˌveɪl/

intervale

terreno bajo a lo largo de un río, generalmente fértil y plano
Meaning
A low-lying tract of land along a river, usually fertile and flat.
Example
The farmers cultivated crops on the lush intervale by the river.
Los agricultores cultivaron cosechas en el intervalo fértil junto al río.
C2 noun /ˈpɒtˌbɔɪlə/

potboiler

literatura barata
Meaning
a book, play, or film produced quickly to make money rather than for artistic value
Example
The novel was dismissed by critics as a mere potboiler.
La novela fue rechazada por los críticos como una simple literatura barata.
C1 noun /dɪˈsɜːn.mənt/

discernment

discernimiento
Meaning
The ability to judge well or understand something correctly; keen insight.
Example
His discernment in business decisions made him successful.
Su discernimiento en las decisiones de negocios lo hizo exitoso.
C1 noun/verb /kwɪp/

quip

comentario ingenioso
Meaning
A witty remark; to make a witty or clever comment.
Example
She quipped about the weather during the meeting.
Ella hizo un comentario ingenioso sobre el clima durante la reunión.
B2 noun /ˈʃepərd/

Shepherd

pastor
Meaning
a person who tends and guards sheep
Example
The shepherd guided his flock to the green pasture.
El pastor guió su rebaño hacia el pasto verde.
B1 noun/adjective /ˈstændɪŋ/

standing

posición / prestigio
Meaning
status, reputation, or position; also the act of being upright on the feet
Example
He has high standing in the community for his charity work.
Tiene un alto prestigio en la comunidad por su trabajo de caridad.
C2 noun /ˈkɔːldrən/

caldron

gran caldereta de metal
Meaning
A large metal pot used for boiling liquids or cooking over an open fire.
Example
The witch stirred her potion in a bubbling caldron.
La bruja removió su poción en una burbujeante caldereta.
C2 verb /ɪnˈtwaɪn/

entwine

enredar
Meaning
to twist or wind together; to become closely connected or involved
Example
The vines entwine around the old fence.
Las enredaderas se enrollan alrededor de la vieja cerca.
C2 adjective /ˌpəʊstˈprændɪəl/

postprandial

postprandial
Meaning
Occurring after a meal.
Example
He went for a postprandial walk after dinner.
Fue a caminar después de la cena postprandial.
C1 noun /ɪˈlɛk.trəʊ.laɪts/

electrolytes

electrolitos
Meaning
Minerals in body fluids that carry an electric charge and are essential for many bodily functions.
Example
Electrolytes help maintain proper fluid balance in the body.
Los electrolitos ayudan a mantener el equilibrio adecuado de líquidos en el cuerpo.
B2 noun, adjective /prɪˈmɪər/ or /ˈpriːmiər/

premier

primer ministro / principal
Meaning
the head of government in some countries; first in importance or rank
Example
The French premier addressed the nation.
El primer ministro francés dirigió al país.
C1 verb /ɪnˈdaʊ/

endow

dotar
Meaning
To provide with a quality, ability, or gift; to donate funds for a purpose.
Example
The university was endowed with a generous donation.
La universidad fue dotada con una generosa donación.
C2 noun /ˈɔːfəl/

offal

vísceras
Meaning
the internal organs and entrails of an animal used as food; waste parts
Example
The butcher prepared sausages using pork offal.
El carnicero preparó salchichas usando vísceras de cerdo.
B2 noun/verb /rɪˈmɑːrk/

remark

comentario
Meaning
something that is said; a comment
Example
She made a remark about the weather.
Ella hizo un comentario sobre el clima.
C2 noun /sɪnˈtɪl.ə/

scintilla

pequeña chispa
Meaning
A tiny trace or spark of a specified quality or feeling.
Example
There wasn’t a scintilla of doubt in her mind.
No había ni una chispa de duda en su mente.
B2 adjective /ˈliː.fi/

Leafy

con muchas hojas; cubierto de hojas
Meaning
having many leaves; covered with leaves
Example
The leafy green vegetables are very nutritious.
Las verduras de hojas verdes son muy nutritivas.
B2 adjective /ɪkˈsploʊsɪv/

explosive

explosivo
Meaning
able to cause an explosion; likely to burst out suddenly
Example
The situation became explosive after the argument.
La situación se volvió explosiva después de la discusión.
B2 noun /fʌs/

Fuss

alboroto; agitación; preocupación innecesaria
Meaning
unnecessary worry or bother about something; agitated excitement over a trivial matter
Example
She made such a fuss about the small stain on her dress that everyone noticed.
Hizo tanto alboroto por la pequeña mancha en su vestido que todos lo notaron.
B2 noun breɪn ˈtreɪ.nɪŋ

brain-training

entrenamiento cerebral
Meaning
Mental exercises designed to improve cognitive functions, memory retention, and overall brain performance.
Example
Regular brain-training can improve memory retention.
El entrenamiento cerebral regular puede mejorar la retención de la memoria.
B2 noun /kəˈθɒlɪsɪzəm/

catholicism

catolicismo
Meaning
The faith, practice, and church order of the Roman Catholic Church.
Example
Catholicism has a long history and rich traditions.
El catolicismo tiene una larga historia y ricas tradiciones.
C2 adjective /ˈprɒmɪsəri/

promissory

promisorio
Meaning
Containing or conveying a promise, especially in writing.
Example
He signed a promissory note to repay the loan.
Él firmó un pagaré para devolver el préstamo.
C1 noun /ˈkælɪbər/

caliber

calibre
Meaning
The quality of someone's ability or character; the internal diameter of a gun barrel.
Example
The university attracts students of high caliber.
La universidad atrae a estudiantes de alto calibre.
B2 noun /ˈθɪk.nəs/

thickness

grosor
Meaning
The measure of how thick or dense something is
Example
The thickness of the book made it hard to carry.
El grosor del libro lo hacía difícil de llevar.
A1 adjective /sæd/

sad

triste
Meaning
feeling or showing sorrow; unhappy
Example
She felt sad after hearing the bad news.
Ella se sintió triste después de escuchar las malas noticias.
A1 adjective /ˈiːzi/

easy

fácil
Meaning
not difficult; requiring little effort
Example
The exam was surprisingly easy.
El examen fue sorprendentemente fácil.
B2 adjective /ʌnˈskɪld/

Unskilled

no cualificado; trabajador sin habilidades
Meaning
lacking technical training or ability; not requiring special skills
Example
Many unskilled workers are looking for training opportunities.
Muchos trabajadores no cualificados están buscando oportunidades de formación.
B2 noun /ˈlɔɪəlti/

loyalty

lealtad
Meaning
a strong feeling of support or allegiance
Example
His loyalty to the company earned him great respect.
Su lealtad a la empresa le valió mucho respeto.
C1 adjective /ˈsleɪ.vɪʃ/

slavish

esclavo
Meaning
showing no originality; completely imitative or overly submissive
Example
His slavish devotion to tradition prevented any innovation.
Su devoción esclava a la tradición impidió cualquier innovación.
C1 noun /ˈstoʊəˌweɪ/

stowaway

polizón
Meaning
A person who hides on a ship, plane, or other vehicle in order to travel secretly without paying.
Example
The crew discovered a stowaway hiding in the cargo hold.
La tripulación descubrió un polizón escondido en el compartimento de carga.
C1 noun /ˈdeɪtəm/ or /ˈdætəm/

datum

dato
Meaning
a single piece of information; a fact used as a basis for reasoning or calculation
Example
Each datum in the survey was carefully analyzed.
Cada dato en la encuesta fue cuidadosamente analizado.
C2 adjective /ˈviːnəl/

venal

corrupto
Meaning
willing to do dishonest things in return for money; corrupt
Example
The politician was accused of being venal and corrupt.
El político fue acusado de ser venal y corrupto.
B2 verb /sɑːb/

sob

sollozar ruidosamente
Meaning
to cry noisily while taking short breaths
Example
She began to sob uncontrollably after hearing the news.
Ella comenzó a sollozar incontrolablemente después de escuchar la noticia.
C2 noun /ˌɪmprɪˈkeɪʃən/

imprecation

maldición
Meaning
A spoken curse or expression of strong condemnation.
Example
The angry crowd hurled imprecations at the corrupt official.
La multitud enojada lanzó maldiciones al funcionario corrupto.
C1 verb /skɔːrtʃ/

scorch

quemar
Meaning
to burn the surface of something slightly
Example
The fire scorched the walls of the building.
El fuego quemó las paredes del edificio.
C1 adjective ɪˌɡæl.ɪˈteə.ri.ən

egalitarian

igualitario
Meaning
Believing in or based on the principle that all people are equal and deserve equal rights and opportunities.
Example
The new law promotes an egalitarian society.
La nueva ley promueve una sociedad igualitaria.
B1 verb /siːl/

seal

sellar, cerrar
Meaning
to close or secure something tightly or officially confirm something
Example
He sealed the envelope before sending the letter.
Él selló el sobre antes de enviar la carta.
A2 noun /steɪdʒ/

stage

escenario
Meaning
a raised platform or area for performances or presentations
Example
The actor stepped onto the stage to deliver his speech.
El actor subió al escenario para dar su discurso.
A1 noun /ˈɡɜːrlfrɛnd/

girlfriend

novia
Meaning
A woman or girl with whom someone is romantically or emotionally involved.
Example
He introduced his girlfriend to his family.
Él presentó a su novia a su familia.
C1 noun /fɪˈdɛl.ɪ.ti/

fidelity

fidelidad
Meaning
Faithfulness to a person, cause, or belief, demonstrated by continuing loyalty and support.
Example
A dog's fidelity to its owner is unmatched.
La fidelidad de un perro hacia su dueño es incomparable.
C2 verb /ˌoʊvərˈliːp/

overleap

saltar por encima
Meaning
To jump over something; to omit or disregard something.
Example
He managed to overleap the fence easily.
Él logró saltar la cerca fácilmente.
C2 verb /ɪnˈtriːt/

entreat

rogar
Meaning
To ask earnestly or beg someone to do something.
Example
She entreated him to stay a little longer.
Ella le rogó que se quedara un poco más.