laudation
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C2 noun /lɔːˈdeɪʃən/

laudation

elogio
Meaning
The act of praising or expressing approval.
Example
The poet received much laudation for his moving verses.
El poeta recibió muchos elogios por sus versos conmovedores.
C1 noun /ˈsɑːɡə/

saga

gran historia
Meaning
A long story of heroic achievement, or a long, complex series of events.
Example
The company's rise and fall became a corporate saga.
El ascenso y la caída de la empresa se convirtió en una saga corporativa.
B1 noun /kæˈʃɪər/

Cashier

cajero
Meaning
a person who handles payments and transactions in a store or bank
Example
The cashier scanned all the items and calculated the total bill.
El cajero escaneó todos los artículos y calculó el total de la factura.
A1 noun, verb /wɪl/

will

voluntad
Meaning
expressing future tense or intention; a legal document
Example
She will attend the meeting tomorrow.
Ella asistirá a la reunión mañana.
B1 noun /ˈætməsˌfɪər/

Atmosphere

atmósfera
Meaning
the envelope of gases surrounding the earth or another planet; the pervading tone or mood of a place
Example
The atmosphere protects us from harmful solar radiation.
La atmósfera nos protege de la radiación solar perjudicial.
C2 noun /ˈaɪ.lət/

islet

islote
Meaning
A very small island.
Example
The fishermen rested on a tiny islet before continuing their journey.
Los pescadores descansaron en un islote pequeño antes de continuar su viaje.
B2 noun /ˈleɪbərər/

laborer

obrero
Meaning
a person who does physical work, especially work that requires strength rather than skill
Example
The laborer worked long hours at the construction site.
El obrero trabajó largas horas en la obra.
C1 adjective /prəˈvɒkətɪv/

provocative

provocativo
Meaning
Intended to make people angry, excited, or interested.
Example
She wore a provocative dress to the party.
Ella llevaba un vestido provocativo a la fiesta.
B1 adverb /ˈhaɪli/

highly

altamente
Meaning
to a great degree; very
Example
She is highly respected in her field.
Ella es altamente respetada en su campo.
C2 noun /ɒmˈnɪpətəns/

omnipotence

omnipotencia
Meaning
The quality of having unlimited power or authority.
Example
Many religions describe God’s omnipotence as absolute.
Muchas religiones describen la omnipotencia de Dios como absoluta.
A2 adjective /ˈter.ə.bl̩/

Terrible

terrible; malo
Meaning
extremely bad or serious; causing fear or dread; very poor quality
Example
The weather was terrible during our vacation.
El clima fue terrible durante nuestras vacaciones.
B2 noun ˈhæbɪtæt lɒs

Habitat Loss

pérdida de hábitat
Meaning
The destruction or disappearance of natural environments where organisms live.
Example
Habitat loss is one of the biggest threats to butterflies.
La pérdida de hábitat es una de las mayores amenazas para las mariposas.
C2 noun /prəˈlɪksɪti/

prolixity

prolijidad
Meaning
the quality of being tediously wordy and long
Example
The book’s prolixity made it difficult to read in one sitting.
La prolijidad del libro hizo que fuera difícil leerlo en una sola sesión.
C2 noun /kənˈtɔːrʃənz/

contortions

plural de contorsión; formas dobladas o retorcidas múltiples
Meaning
plural form of contortion; multiple twisted or bent shapes
Example
The magician's contortions left the crowd in awe.
Las contorsiones del mago dejaron a la multitud asombrada.
C1 noun /ˈtrænsfərəns/

transference

transferencia
Meaning
The act of moving something from one place, person, or situation to another.
Example
The transference of knowledge is essential in education.
La transferencia de conocimiento es esencial en la educación.
B2 noun /ˈɡlæmər/

glamor

encanto
Meaning
An attractive or exciting quality that makes something or someone appealing.
Example
The glamor of city life attracts many young people.
El encanto de la vida en la ciudad atrae a muchos jóvenes.
C2 verb /ʌpˈhiːv/

upheave

levantar
Meaning
to lift or raise something forcefully; to cause to rise suddenly
Example
The workers had to upheave the heavy stone to clear the path.
Los trabajadores tuvieron que levantar la piedra pesada para despejar el camino.
B2 noun ˈɡrætɪtjuːd

gratitude

gratitud
Meaning
The quality of being thankful; readiness to show appreciation.
Example
Gratitude towards the martyrs is a moral duty.
La gratitud hacia los mártires es un deber moral.
B2 noun /ˈraɪvəl/

Rival

rival; competidor;
Meaning
a person or thing competing with another for the same objective or for superiority in the same field
Example
The two companies have been business rivals for decades.
Las dos empresas han sido rivales comerciales durante décadas.
A1 verb /kʊk/

cook

cocinar
Meaning
to prepare food by heating; to make food ready to eat
Example
My mother loves to cook traditional dishes.
A mi madre le encanta cocinar platos tradicionales.
A2 noun /ˈbʌdi/

buddy

amigo
Meaning
a close friend or companion, used informally
Example
He went to the movies with his best buddy.
Él fue al cine con su mejor amigo.
C1 adjective /ˈsnɒbɪʃ/

snobbish

presuntuoso
Meaning
having or showing the attitude of people who think they are better than others
Example
She seemed snobbish because she avoided talking to the waiters.
Ella parecía presuntuosa porque evitó hablar con los camareros.
A2 noun /ɡoʊt/

Goat

cabra
Meaning
a farm animal with horns that gives milk and meat
Example
The farmer keeps goats for their milk and cheese.
El granjero cría cabras por su leche y queso.
A1 adjective /sæd/

sad

triste
Meaning
feeling or showing sorrow; unhappy
Example
She felt sad after hearing the bad news.
Ella se sintió triste después de escuchar las malas noticias.
C1 adjective /ˌʌndərˈsaɪzd/

undersized

de tamaño pequeño
Meaning
Smaller than the usual or expected size.
Example
The undersized puppy struggled to keep up with its siblings.
El perrito de tamaño pequeño luchaba por mantenerse al día con sus hermanos.
B1 noun /ˈmɛdəl/

medal

medalla
Meaning
a piece of metal given as an award for achievement
Example
She won a gold medal in the 100-meter race.
Ganó una medalla de oro en la carrera de 100 metros.
C2 noun, verb /ˈkaʊntərˌtʃɑːrdʒ/

countercharge

contracargo
Meaning
an opposing charge or accusation; to make an opposing attack
Example
The lawyer filed a countercharge against the accuser.
El abogado presentó una contracarga contra el acusador.
B1 noun /ɪˈskeɪp/

Escape

escapar; liberación; fuga
Meaning
an act of breaking free from confinement or control; a way out
Example
The prisoner's escape from the jail shocked the authorities.
La fuga del prisionero de la cárcel sorprendió a las autoridades.
B2 adjective /ˈtaɪə.səm/

Tiresome

cansado; tedioso
Meaning
causing weariness or boredom; tedious
Example
The long lecture was tiresome and repetitive.
La larga conferencia fue cansada y repetitiva.
C1 adjective /ɔːˈstɪə/

austere

austero, sencillo
Meaning
Severe or strict in manner, attitude, or appearance; plain and simple.
Example
The monk lived an austere life in the mountains.
El monje vivió una vida austera en las montañas.
B2 adjective /bɪˈheɪvjərəl/

behavioral

comportamental
Meaning
relating to the way a person or animal acts
Example
The psychologist studied the child's behavioral patterns.
El psicólogo estudió los patrones de comportamiento del niño.
C1 noun /juːˈtoʊpiə/

utopia

utopía
Meaning
An imagined perfect society or place where everything is ideal.
Example
Many philosophers dreamed of creating a utopia for humanity.
Muchos filósofos soñaron con crear una utopía para la humanidad.
C2 adjective ɪnˈdɒm.ɪ.tə.bəl

indomitable

indomable
Meaning
Impossible to subdue or defeat.
Example
Her indomitable spirit helped her overcome adversity.
Su espíritu indomable la ayudó a superar la adversidad.
A1 adverb /ʌp/

up

arriba
Meaning
towards a higher position or level
Example
He climbed up the ladder quickly.
Él subió rápidamente la escalera.
C1 verb/noun ˈbuːt.stræp

bootstrap

empezar un negocio utilizando recursos personales sin financiación externa
Meaning
To start and develop a business using personal resources without external funding.
Example
He bootstrapped his company with minimal resources.
Él comenzó su empresa con recursos mínimos.
B2 noun /ˈhaɪəˌrɑːrki/

hierarchy

jerarquía
Meaning
A system in which people or things are arranged in levels of importance or authority.
Example
The corporate hierarchy determines who makes the final decision.
La jerarquía corporativa determina quién toma la decisión final.
B2 adjective /ˈbɪtər/

Bitter

amargo; de sabor fuerte; que expresa ira o decepción
Meaning
having a sharp, pungent taste; feeling or showing anger and disappointment
Example
The medicine had a bitter taste.
La medicina tenía un sabor amargo.
B2 noun/verb /ˈslɔː.tər/

slaughter

matanza / asesinato
Meaning
the killing of animals for food; killing in large numbers violently
Example
The army slaughtered hundreds of enemy soldiers.
El ejército mató a cientos de soldados enemigos.
C1 noun /dɪˈrɪʒən/

derision

desdén
Meaning
Contemptuous ridicule or mockery.
Example
His ideas were greeted with derision by the audience.
Sus ideas fueron recibidas con desdén por la audiencia.
C1 adjective /ˈpær.ə.nɔɪd/

paranoid

tener un miedo o sospecha irracional hacia los demás
Meaning
having an unreasonable fear or suspicion of others
Example
She became paranoid after hearing strange noises outside.
Se volvió paranoica después de escuchar ruidos extraños afuera.
C2 adjective /ˈmɒtld/

mottled

moteado
Meaning
Marked with spots, streaks, or blotches of different shades or colors.
Example
The snake's mottled skin helped it blend into the forest floor.
La piel moteada de la serpiente le ayudó a camuflarse en el suelo del bosque.
C1 noun /ˈtrɪkəri/

trickery

Meaning
The use of dishonest methods to deceive or cheat someone.
Example
The politician was accused of winning the election through trickery.
C2 adjective /ˈɪnmoʊst/

inmost

más profundo
Meaning
Situated at the very heart or deepest part; most private or secret.
Example
She revealed her inmost thoughts to her closest friend.
Ella reveló sus pensamientos más profundos a su amigo más cercano.
A2 verb /fɪks/

fix

arreglar
Meaning
To repair or make something work again.
Example
The mechanic fixed the broken car.
El mecánico arregló el coche roto.
C1 noun ˈprɒdʒ.ə.ni

progeny

descendencia, prole, herederos
Meaning
A descendant or the descendants of a person, animal, or plant; offspring.
Example
The philosopher's teachings have influenced many generations of progeny.
Las enseñanzas del filósofo han influenciado a muchas generaciones de progenie.
C2 noun ˌæɡ.roʊ.iˈkɒl.ə.dʒi

agroecology

agroecología
Meaning
A scientific discipline that studies agricultural systems by applying ecological concepts and principles.
Example
Agroecology promotes eco-friendly farming.
La agroecología promueve la agricultura ecológica.
B2 adjective /məˈkænɪkəl/

mechanical

felicidad
Meaning
relating to machines or the way they work
Example
She has a good understanding of mechanical systems.
Ella no podía esconder su felicidad cuando recibió el premio.
A2 noun /biːf/

Beef

carne de res
Meaning
meat from a cow or bull
Example
The restaurant serves the best beef steak in town.
El restaurante sirve el mejor bistec de carne de res en la ciudad.
B2 noun /pʌntʃ/

Punch

punzón
Meaning
a tool used for making holes or indentations in materials
Example
The carpenter used a punch to make holes in the leather.
El carpintero usó un punzón para hacer agujeros en el cuero.
C2 noun /sfɪˈrɒmɪtər/

spherometer

esferómetro
Meaning
An instrument used for measuring the curvature of spherical surfaces.
Example
The scientist used a spherometer to measure the lens curvature.
El científico usó un esferómetro para medir la curvatura de la lente.
B2 noun /ˈkʌt.lət/

Cutlet

croqueta
Meaning
a small piece of meat, especially veal or lamb, for frying or grilling
Example
She served delicious chicken cutlets for dinner.
Ella sirvió deliciosas croquetas de pollo para la cena.
C2 verb /ˈseɪʃiˌeɪt/

satiate

saciar
Meaning
To satisfy fully, especially with food or desire.
Example
The large meal satiated his hunger.
La gran comida sació su hambre.
C2 noun /ˌmænjəˈmɪʃən/

manumission

emancipación de los esclavos
Meaning
The act of a slave owner freeing their slaves.
Example
The manumission of the slaves marked a turning point in history.
La emancipación de los esclavos marcó un punto de inflexión en la historia.
C1 noun /ˈbrɛvɪti/

brevity

breviedad
Meaning
Concise and exact use of words in writing or speech.
Example
The brevity of the speech kept the audience engaged.
La brevedad del discurso mantuvo a la audiencia comprometida.
C1 noun /strəˈtiː.dʒɪk ˈɪn.saɪts/

strategic insights

perspectivas estratégicas
Meaning
Deep understanding and wisdom gained through careful analysis for planning purposes.
Example
Strategic insights guide policymaking.
Las perspectivas estratégicas guían la toma de decisiones políticas.
A1 adjective, adverb, pronoun /mʌtʃ/

much

mucho
Meaning
a large amount or degree of something
Example
She doesn’t have much time to finish the project.
Ella no tiene mucho tiempo para terminar el proyecto.
C1 noun ˌɪnfɛsˈteɪʃən

infestation

infestación, gran número de insectos o animales en un lugar
Meaning
The presence of an unusually large number of insects or animals in a place, causing damage or disease.
Example
The infestation of ants in the kitchen led to immediate pest control measures.
La infestación de hormigas en la cocina llevó a medidas inmediatas de control de plagas.
B2 adjective /ˈɡræs.i/

Grassy

cubierto de hierba
Meaning
covered with grass; resembling grass in color; green like grass
Example
The grassy field stretched as far as the eye could see.
El campo cubierto de hierba se extendió hasta donde alcanzaba la vista.
B2 noun ˈɒksɪdʒən prəˈdʌkʃən

oxygen production

producción de oxígeno
Meaning
The process of generating oxygen through photosynthesis or other means.
Example
Plants are vital for oxygen production and the maintenance of life.
Las plantas son vitales para la producción de oxígeno y el mantenimiento de la vida.
C2 adjective /trænzˈmɪsəbl/

transmissible

transmisible
Meaning
able to be passed or spread from one person or thing to another
Example
COVID-19 is a highly transmissible disease.
COVID-19 es una enfermedad altamente transmisible.
C1 verb /ˈpʌlseɪt/

pulsate

palpitar
Meaning
to expand and contract rhythmically; to throb or beat
Example
The neon lights pulsated with a steady rhythm.
Las luces de neón pulsaban con un ritmo constante.
A2 noun /dʒuːs/

Juice

jugo (de fruta/verdura o de carne)
Meaning
the liquid obtained from or present in fruit or vegetables; the liquid that comes from meat when it is cooked
Example
The fresh apple juice was delicious and packed with vitamins.
El jugo de manzana fresco estaba delicioso y lleno de vitaminas.
A1 adverb /fɑːr/

far

lejos
Meaning
at, to, or by a great distance
Example
The school is far from my house.
La escuela está lejos de mi casa.
B2 adverb /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/

essentially

esencialmente
Meaning
Used to emphasize the basic or fundamental nature of something.
Example
The two plans are essentially the same.
Los dos planes son esencialmente lo mismo.
B2 noun /ˈlænd.ɪŋ/

Landing

aterrizaje
Meaning
the action of coming to rest on the ground or another surface; a level area at the top of a staircase
Example
The pilot made a smooth landing despite the stormy weather conditions.
El piloto realizó un aterrizaje suave a pesar de las condiciones meteorológicas tormentosas.
C2 noun /ɛmˈpɪrɪˌsɪzəm/

empiricism

empirismo
Meaning
the theory that all knowledge is derived from sense-experience
Example
Empiricism argues that knowledge comes from experience and observation.
El empirismo sostiene que el conocimiento proviene de la experiencia y la observación.
C2 adjective /ˈboʊvaɪn/

bovine

relacionado con el ganado
Meaning
relating to cattle; showing a dull or sluggish nature
Example
Her bovine expression revealed no emotions.
Su expresión bovina no reveló ninguna emoción.
A2 adjective ˈfɪz.ɪ.kəl

physical

físico
Meaning
Relating to things perceived through the senses as opposed to the mind; tangible or concrete.
Example
Physical components form the system's base.
Los componentes físicos forman la base del sistema.
C2 noun /ˈpɑːrsɪmoʊni/

parsimony

tacañeria
Meaning
extreme unwillingness to spend money or use resources
Example
His parsimony was evident in the way he avoided any unnecessary expenses.
Su tacañeria era evidente en la manera en que evitaba cualquier gasto innecesario.
B2 verb /lɪk/

lick

lamer
Meaning
to pass the tongue over something; to defeat decisively
Example
The cat licked its paws clean.
El gato lamió sus patas limpias.
C1 noun/adjective /kənˈfɛdərət/

confederate

confederado
Meaning
a person, group, or state joined in an alliance or union; relating to a confederacy
Example
The confederate soldiers fought bravely in the war.
Los soldados confederados lucharon valientemente en la guerra.
A2 noun /ˈmaɪkroʊweɪv/

Microwave

microondas
Meaning
an electric oven that uses electromagnetic radiation to heat food quickly
Example
She heated the leftover pizza in the microwave for two minutes.
Ella calentó la pizza sobrante en el microondas durante dos minutos.
C2 noun vəˈlɪʃən

volition

volición
Meaning
The faculty or power of using one's will; the power of choosing or determining.
Example
She left the job of her own volition.
Ella dejó el trabajo por su propia volición.
B2 noun /rɪˌlaɪəˈbɪləti/

reliability

fiabilidad
Meaning
the quality of being trustworthy or performing consistently well
Example
Customers value the reliability of our service.
Los clientes valoran la fiabilidad de nuestro servicio.
B2 adjective /ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl/

presidential

presidencial
Meaning
relating to a president or presidency
Example
The presidential election is scheduled for next month.
La elección presidencial está programada para el próximo mes.
B2 verb /pərˈsɪst/

persist

persistir
Meaning
to continue firmly in an action or opinion despite difficulty or opposition
Example
She decided to persist in her efforts to learn French.
Ella decidió persistir en sus esfuerzos para aprender francés.
B1 adjective /ˈɪrɪteɪtɪŋ/

irritating

irritante
Meaning
causing annoyance, impatience, or mild anger
Example
The constant noise from the street is extremely irritating.
El ruido constante de la calle es extremadamente irritante.
C2 noun /bɪˈhiː.mɒθ/

behemoth

coloso
Meaning
Something enormous, especially a large and powerful organization.
Example
The company grew into a corporate behemoth.
La empresa creció hasta convertirse en un coloso corporativo.
C1 adjective /ˌʌnˈpɑr.də.nə.bəl/

Unpardonable

imperdonable
Meaning
too bad to be forgiven; inexcusable
Example
His betrayal of trust was an unpardonable offense.
Su traición fue un delito imperdonable.
C2 adjective /ˈfʌŋɡəs/

fungous

relacionado con hongo
Meaning
relating to or resembling a fungus
Example
The damp basement had a fungous smell.
El sótano húmedo tenía un olor relacionado con hongo.
C1 verb /ˈfɔːrtɪˌfaɪ/

fortify

fortificar
Meaning
To strengthen a place, person, or thing physically or mentally.
Example
They fortified the city walls to protect against invasion.
Fortificaron las murallas de la ciudad para protegerse contra la invasión.
C1 noun rɪˌkuːpərˈeɪʃən

recuperation

recuperación
Meaning
The process of gradually recovering from illness or fatigue
Example
Rest is essential for recuperation after illness.
El descanso es esencial para la recuperación después de una enfermedad.
C1 verb /kənˈsɛptʃuəlaɪz/

conceptualize

conceptualizar
Meaning
to form an idea or concept of something in your mind
Example
The artist conceptualized a new design for the exhibition.
El artista conceptualizó un nuevo diseño para la exposición.
A2 noun /ˈɪndʒəri/

injury

lesión
Meaning
Harm or damage to a person’s body caused by an accident or attack.
Example
He suffered a serious injury during the football match.
Sufrió una lesión grave durante el partido de fútbol.
B2 noun /ˌmɪs.ʌn.dəˈstæn.dɪŋ/

Misunderstanding

malentendido
Meaning
A failure to understand something correctly; a disagreement or confusion between people
Example
The argument was caused by a simple misunderstanding.
La discusión fue causada por un simple malentendido.
C1 noun /hɪm/

hymn

himno
Meaning
A religious song or poem of praise to God or a deity.
Example
The congregation sang a hymn during the morning service.
La congregación cantó un himno durante el servicio de la mañana.
C1 verb /ˈsætʃəˌreɪt/

saturate

saturar
Meaning
to fill completely with something until no more can be absorbed
Example
The heavy rain saturated the ground within minutes.
La lluvia intensa saturó el suelo en minutos.
C1 noun /dɪˈfɔː.mə.ti/

Deformity

deformidad; malformación física
Meaning
a distorted or unnatural shape or form; physical malformation
Example
The accident caused a permanent deformity in his left hand.
El accidente causó una deformidad permanente en su mano izquierda.
B1 noun /ˈkaʊnti/

county

condado
Meaning
A territorial division within a country, typically a region with its own local government.
Example
She grew up in a small county in northern England.
Ella creció en un pequeño condado en el norte de Inglaterra.
C1 adjective /ˌɪrɪˈspɛktɪv/

Irrespective

irrespetuoso; sin tener en cuenta
Meaning
without taking something into account; regardless of
Example
All students will be treated equally, irrespective of their background.
Todos los estudiantes serán tratados por igual, independientemente de su origen.
A1 determiner/pronoun/conjunction/adverb /ˈaɪðər/ or /ˈiːðər/

either

cualquiera
Meaning
Used to indicate a choice between two alternatives.
Example
You can either call me tonight or send me an email.
Puedes llamarme esta noche o enviarme un correo electrónico.
C1 adjective /ˈhɔːltɪŋ/

halting

vacilante
Meaning
slow and hesitant, especially due to lack of confidence
Example
She gave a halting reply during the interview.
Ella dio una respuesta vacilante durante la entrevista.
A2 noun rɪˈspɛkt

respect

respeto
Meaning
A feeling of deep admiration for someone or something.
Example
We should show respect to the freedom fighters.
Debemos mostrar respeto a los luchadores por la libertad.
B1 adjective /ˈsæt.ɪs.fæk.tər.i/

Satisfactory

satisfactorio
Meaning
acceptable; meeting requirements; adequate
Example
The test results were satisfactory.
Los resultados de la prueba fueron satisfactorios.
C1 noun dəˌmɛstɪˈkeɪʃən

domestication

domesticación
Meaning
The process of taming an animal and keeping it as a pet or for farm produce.
Example
Domestication of animals has been crucial for human survival.
La domesticación de animales ha sido crucial para la supervivencia humana.
B2 adjective /ˈlɪtərəl/

literal

literal
Meaning
taking words in their usual or most basic sense without metaphor or exaggeration
Example
His comment was meant as a joke, not to be taken in a literal sense.
Su comentario fue dicho en tono de broma, no para tomarse de manera literal.
A2 adjective /ˈbrɪtɪʃ/

british

británico
Meaning
relating to Great Britain or its people
Example
She loves British culture and traditions.
A ella le encanta la cultura y las tradiciones británicas.
B2 verb /rɪˈfreɪn/

refrain

abstenerse
Meaning
To hold oneself back from doing something.
Example
Please refrain from smoking in this area.
Por favor absténgase de fumar en esta área.
C2 noun /ˈmeɪdənˌhʊd/

maidenhood

juventud
Meaning
The state of being a maiden; girlhood or virginity.
Example
The poem celebrated the innocence of maidenhood.
El poema celebró la inocencia de la juventud.
C1 noun /ˈsɪvɪks/

civics

educación cívica
Meaning
the study of the rights and duties of citizens and how government works
Example
Civics helps students understand their responsibilities as citizens.
La educación cívica ayuda a los estudiantes a entender sus deberes como ciudadanos.
B1 noun, verb /stɒk/

stock

inventario
Meaning
a supply of goods kept for sale or use; to keep or fill with goods
Example
The shop stocks a wide variety of products.
La tienda tiene una amplia variedad de productos.
C1 noun, verb /ˈmæn.deɪt/

mandate

mandato
Meaning
an official order or command; to give someone authority to act in a certain way
Example
The government issued a mandate to reduce carbon emissions.
El gobierno emitió un mandato para reducir las emisiones de carbono.
A2 proper noun /ˌsaʊθ əˈmɛrɪkə/

south america

América del Sur
Meaning
a continent located in the Western Hemisphere, mostly in the Southern Hemisphere
Example
Brazil is the largest country in South America.
Brasil es el país más grande de América del Sur.
C1 adjective /ˈmænɪfoʊld/

Manifold

múltiples
Meaning
many and of several different types; multiple; various
Example
The project has manifold benefits for the community.
El proyecto tiene múltiples beneficios para la comunidad.
A2 noun /ˈtrʌb.əl/

Trouble

problema; dificultad
Meaning
difficulty or problems; effort or exertion made to do something
Example
The car broke down and caused a lot of trouble for the family.
El coche se descompuso y causó muchos problemas a la familia.
B2 noun /dɪˈrɛktəri/

directory

directorio
Meaning
a book or online resource listing people, businesses, or services with relevant details
Example
I need to find a plumber in the phone directory.
Necesito encontrar un fontanero en el directorio telefónico.
A1 noun /weɪ/

Way

camino; manera; forma; estilo;
Meaning
a method, style, or manner of doing something; a road or path
Example
There must be a better way to solve this problem.
Debe haber una mejor manera de resolver este problema.
C2 adjective /rɪˈdjuːsəbl̩/

reducible

reducible
Meaning
capable of being simplified, lessened, or made smaller
Example
The problem is complex but reducible to a few basic principles.
El problema es complejo pero reducible a unos pocos principios básicos.
C1 noun /ɪˈnɜː.ʃə/

Inertia

inercia; falta de actividad
Meaning
a tendency to do nothing or remain unchanged; lack of activity or movement
Example
The team's inertia prevented them from adapting to the rapidly changing market conditions.
La inercia del equipo les impidió adaptarse a las condiciones de mercado en rápido cambio.
B2 adjective; verb (past participle) /ˈɒkjʊpaɪd/

occupied

ocupado
Meaning
being in use or taken; filled or lived in; controlled or held by force
Example
The room is occupied, so please wait outside.
La habitación está ocupada, por favor espere afuera.
C1 adjective ˈflʌd proʊn

flood-prone

propenso a inundaciones
Meaning
Susceptible to flooding; likely to experience floods frequently.
Example
Bangladesh is a flood-prone deltaic nation.
Bangladesh es una nación deltaica propensa a inundaciones.
C1 noun /məˈnɒtəni/

monotony

monotonía
Meaning
Lack of variety and interest; tedious repetition and routine.
Example
Breaking the monotony of everyday life can improve mental health.
Romper la monotonía de la vida diaria puede mejorar la salud mental.
C2 adjective /ˈəʊ.dər.əs/

Odorous

fragante; aromático
Meaning
having a strong smell; fragrant; aromatic
Example
The garden was filled with odorous flowers.
El jardín estaba lleno de flores fragantes.
C1 adjective /kəˈrəʊsɪv/

corrosive

corrosivo, dañino
Meaning
tending to cause corrosion; harmful or destructive to materials or people
Example
The chemical is highly corrosive and should be handled with care.
El producto químico es altamente corrosivo y debe manejarse con cuidado.
C1 verb /ˈstæmər/

stammer

tartamudear
Meaning
To speak with sudden involuntary pauses and a tendency to repeat the initial letters of words.
Example
The nervous student began to stammer during his speech.
El estudiante nervioso comenzó a tartamudear durante su discurso.
C1 noun /ʃəˈmiːz/

Chemise

camisa
Meaning
a woman's loose-fitting undergarment or dress hanging straight from the shoulders
Example
The vintage chemise was made of delicate lace and silk.
La camisa vintage estaba hecha de delicado encaje y seda.
B1 noun ˌkɒnsənˈtreɪʃən

concentration

concentración
Meaning
The action or power of focusing one's attention or mental effort on a particular object or activity
Example
Concentration is key to mastering any skill.
La concentración es clave para dominar cualquier habilidad.
B2 noun /ˈlʊkɪŋ ɡlæs/

Looking glass

espejo
Meaning
a mirror; a piece of glass that reflects images
Example
She looked at herself in the looking glass.
Ella se miró en el espejo.
C2 adjective /ɡrɪˈɡɛəriəs/

gregarious

sociable
Meaning
Fond of company; sociable.
Example
She is a gregarious person who loves meeting new people.
Es una persona sociable que disfruta conocer gente nueva.
C2 noun /kəmˈpleɪsəns/

complaisance

complacencia
Meaning
willingness to please others; courteous compliance
Example
Her complaisance made her popular among her colleagues.
Su complacencia la hizo popular entre sus compañeros de trabajo.
B1 noun, verb /ˈkɒndʌkt/ (noun), /kənˈdʌkt/ (verb)

conduct

comportamiento / conducir
Meaning
to organize or carry out; or a person's behavior
Example
The teacher conducted the exam fairly.
La profesora condujo el examen de manera justa.