C1 noun
Kin
familia; parientes;
C2 verb /dɪsˈtɛnd/
distend
hinchar
Meaning
to swell or expand by pressure from within
Example
Her stomach began to distend after the large meal.
Su estómago comenzó a distenderse después de la gran comida.
C2 noun /ˈfɔːrʃɔːr/
foreshore
orilla
Meaning
The part of the shore between the high and low tide marks
Example
Children were playing on the foreshore, collecting shells.
Los niños estaban jugando en la orilla, recogiendo conchas.
C1 verb /ɪnˈvɪɡ.ər.eɪt/
invigorate
revitalizar
Meaning
To give strength or energy to someone or something.
Example
A morning walk can invigorate both body and mind.
Una caminata matutina puede revitalizar tanto el cuerpo como la mente.
C2 noun /lɔːˈdeɪʃən/
laudation
elogio
Meaning
The act of praising or expressing approval.
Example
The poet received much laudation for his moving verses.
El poeta recibió muchos elogios por sus versos conmovedores.
B2 noun /ˈweər.ə.baʊts/
Whereabouts
paradero; ubicación
Meaning
the place where someone or something is located
Example
Nobody knows the whereabouts of the missing person.
Nadie sabe el paradero de la persona desaparecida.
B1 adjective /drəˈmæt.ɪk/
Dramatic
dramático; repentino y sorprendente; emocionante e impresionante
Meaning
relating to drama; sudden and striking; exciting and impressive
Example
The dramatic sunset painted the sky in brilliant colors.
El dramático atardecer pintó el cielo con colores brillantes.
C2 verb /dɪˈspɔɪl/
despoil
saquear
Meaning
To steal or violently remove valuable possessions from a place.
Example
The invaders despoiled the village during the war.
Los invasores saquearon la aldea durante la guerra.
C1 noun /pɔl/
Pall
paño que se coloca sobre un ataúd; una capa oscura que crea una atmósfera sombría
Meaning
a cloth spread over a coffin; a dark covering that creates a gloomy atmosphere
Example
A pall of smoke hung over the burning building.
Una capa de humo colgaba sobre el edificio en llamas.
C1 verb /ˌmɪsˈmænɪdʒ/
mismanage
gestionar mal
Meaning
to handle or control something badly or inefficiently
Example
The company went bankrupt because it was mismanaged for years.
La empresa quebró porque estuvo mal gestionada durante años.
C1 noun /ˈziːnɪθ/
zenith
cenit
Meaning
The time at which something is most powerful or successful; the highest point.
Example
Her career reached its zenith in the late 1990s.
Su carrera alcanzó su cenit a fines de los años 90.
B2 noun ˈsækrɪfaɪs
sacrifice
sacrificio
Meaning
An act of giving up something valued for the sake of something else.
Example
The country was freed due to the sacrifice of the warriors.
El país fue liberado gracias al sacrificio de los guerreros.
C1 noun /ˈɡreɪ.tər/
Grater
rallador
Meaning
a kitchen utensil with a rough surface for grating food into small pieces
Example
Use the grater to grate cheese for the pizza.
Usa el rallador para rallar queso para la pizza.
A2 adjective /wiːk/
Weak
débil; frágil
Meaning
lacking physical strength; not strong; fragile
Example
After the illness, he felt weak and tired.
Después de la enfermedad, él se sintió débil y cansado.
C2 adjective ˌɪm.pəˈtɜː.bə.bəl
imperturbable
imperturbable
Meaning
Unable to be upset or excited; not easily disturbed.
Example
His imperturbable nature made him a great leader.
Su naturaleza imperturbable lo convirtió en un gran líder.
C1 adjective /ˈɡæl.ənt/
gallant
valiente, héroe
Meaning
Brave, heroic, or chivalrous.
Example
The gallant firefighter saved the child from the burning building.
El valiente bombero salvó al niño del edificio en llamas.
C2 noun /ˈmæn.li.nəs/
manliness
virilidad
Meaning
The quality of being manly; courage, strength, and honor associated with men.
Example
His manliness was admired by his peers.
Su virilidad fue admirada por sus compañeros.
C2 adjective /kəˈmɛnʃərət/
commensurate
proporcional
Meaning
corresponding in size, degree, or extent; proportionate
Example
Salary will be commensurate with experience.
El salario será proporcional a la experiencia.
A1 noun /ˈbɒdi/
body
cuerpo
Meaning
the physical structure of a person or animal
Example
Exercise helps keep the body healthy.
El ejercicio ayuda a mantener el cuerpo saludable.
B2 adjective /ˈkjuːbən/
cuban
cubano
Meaning
relating to Cuba, its people, or its culture
Example
We enjoyed delicious Cuban coffee at the café.
Disfrutamos de un delicioso café cubano en el café.
A2 noun /ˈbɪznəsmæn/
businessman
empresario
Meaning
a person engaged in commercial or industrial business activities
Example
The businessman invested heavily in new technology.
El empresario invirtió fuertemente en nuevas tecnologías.
B2 noun ˌel.ɪ.dʒəˈbɪl.ə.ti
eligibility
eligibilidad
Meaning
The state of having the right to do or obtain something through satisfaction of the appropriate conditions.
Example
Eligibility criteria maintain fairness.
Los criterios de elegibilidad mantienen la equidad.
B2 adjective ˌkɑː.bən ˈnjuː.trəl
carbon-neutral
carbono neutral
Meaning
Having a balance between emitting carbon and absorbing carbon from the atmosphere; not adding to overall carbon emissions.
Example
The company aims to be carbon-neutral by 2030.
La empresa tiene como objetivo ser carbono neutral para 2030.
B1 adjective /ˈeɪn.ʃənt/
Ancient
antiguo
Meaning
belonging to the very distant past; very old; historical
Example
We visited the ancient ruins of the Roman empire.
Visitamos las antiguas ruinas del Imperio Romano.
B2 noun /ˈɒpəreɪtər/
operator
operador
Meaning
a person who operates equipment, a business, or controls something
Example
The machine operator ensured that everything ran smoothly.
El operador de la máquina se aseguró de que todo funcionara sin problemas.
C1 verb /rɪˈkɔɪl/
recoil
retroceder
Meaning
To suddenly spring back in fear, horror, or from force such as a gun's kickback.
Example
She recoiled at the sight of the snake.
Ella se encogió al ver la serpiente.
C1 noun /fiˈæs.koʊ/
fiasco
fracaso total
Meaning
a complete failure, especially a ludicrous or humiliating one
Example
The event turned into a complete fiasco due to poor planning.
El evento se convirtió en un fracaso total debido a una mala planificación.
C1 noun /ˈkætərækt/
cataract
catarata / cascada
Meaning
A medical condition causing clouding of the eye's lens; also a large waterfall.
Example
The old man suffered from cataracts in both eyes.
El hombre mayor sufría de cataratas en ambos ojos.
B1 noun /koʊm/
Comb
peine
Meaning
a toothed device for arranging or cleaning the hair
Example
She used a comb to style her hair before the party.
Ella usó un peine para peinar su cabello antes de la fiesta.
A2 adjective /miːn/
Mean
cruel; mezquino; desagradable
Meaning
unkind; cruel; nasty
Example
Don't be so mean to your little sister.
No seas tan cruel con tu hermana pequeña.
C2 adjective /ˈoʊ.vɔɪd/
ovoid
ovoide
Meaning
egg-shaped; resembling an oval or ellipse
Example
The artist painted an ovoid shape in the center of the canvas.
El artista pintó una forma ovoide en el centro del lienzo.
A1 noun /wel/
Well
pozo; bienestar;
Meaning
a deep hole in the ground from which water is obtained
Example
The villagers get water from the old well in the center of town.
Los aldeanos obtienen agua del viejo pozo en el centro del pueblo.
C1 noun /ˌfəʊtəʊˈsɪnθɛtɪk ɪˈfɪʃənsi/
photosynthetic efficiency
eficiencia fotosintética
Meaning
The measure of how effectively plants convert light energy into chemical energy through the process of photosynthesis, directly affecting plant growth and crop yield.
Example
Improving photosynthetic efficiency can increase crop yields.
Mejorar la eficiencia fotosintética puede aumentar los rendimientos de los cultivos.
B1 adverb /səkˈsɛsfəli/
successfully
exitosamente
Meaning
in a way that achieves a desired result
Example
She passed the exam successfully after weeks of studying.
Ella aprobó el examen con éxito después de semanas de estudio.
C2 adjective /kəˈmoʊdiəs/
commodious
espacioso
Meaning
spacious and comfortable; having plenty of room
Example
They rented a commodious apartment in the city.
Alquilaron un apartamento espacioso en la ciudad.
B1 adjective /ˈblʌdi/
bloody
sangriento
Meaning
covered in, involving, or containing blood; also used informally for emphasis in British English.
Example
The soldier returned from battle with a bloody arm.
El soldado regresó de la batalla con un brazo sangriento.
C1 adjective /səˈtɪrɪkəl/
satirical
satírico
Meaning
containing or using satire to criticize or mock
Example
The satirical cartoon mocked the government's new policy.
El dibujo satírico burló la nueva política del gobierno.
C1 verb /ˈkælɪˌbreɪt/
calibrate
calibrar
Meaning
To adjust or mark something so it can be used accurately; to standardize.
Example
The technician calibrated the machine before starting the experiment.
El técnico calibró la máquina antes de comenzar el experimento.
C1 verb/noun /skaʊl/
scowl
fruncir el ceño
Meaning
To frown in an angry or bad-tempered way.
Example
She scowled when she heard the unfair remark.
Ella frunció el ceño cuando escuchó el comentario injusto.
A2 noun /ˈplɛʒər/
pleasure
placer
Meaning
a feeling of happiness or enjoyment
Example
It was a pleasure to meet you.
Fue un placer conocerte.
B2 verb /kənˈsiːl/
conceal
ocultar
Meaning
to hide something or keep it secret
Example
He tried to conceal his disappointment behind a smile.
Intentó ocultar su decepción detrás de una sonrisa.
B1 verb /əˈʃʊr/
assure
asegurar
Meaning
to make someone feel certain or confident about something
Example
He assured her that everything would be fine.
Él le aseguró que todo estaría bien.
C2 verb /dɔːb/
daub
untar
Meaning
to spread a thick or sticky substance carelessly on a surface
Example
The children daubed paint all over the walls.
Los niños untaron pintura por todas las paredes.
C1 adjective /ˌɪntərˈtwaɪnd/
intertwined
felicidad
Meaning
closely connected or twisted together
Example
Their lives became deeply intertwined after the accident.
Ella no pudo ocultar su felicidad cuando recibió el premio.
C1 adjective sɪˈmæn.tɪk
semantic
relacionado con el significado en el lenguaje
Meaning
Related to meaning in language; concerning the interpretation of words and sentences.
Example
AI models use semantic analysis to understand context.
Los modelos de IA utilizan análisis semántico para entender el contexto.
A2 noun /dʒɪˈræf/
Giraffe
jirafa
Meaning
a very tall African animal with a long neck and long legs
Example
The giraffe stretched its neck to reach the leaves on the tall tree.
La jirafa estiró su cuello para alcanzar las hojas en el árbol alto.
C1 noun /ˈræʃən/
ration
ración
Meaning
a fixed amount of something, especially food, officially allowed to each person
Example
During the war, each family received a weekly ration of rice.
Durante la guerra, cada familia recibía una ración semanal de arroz.
C1 adjective /fəˈnætɪk/
Fanatic
fanático
Meaning
extremely passionate about something; showing excessive enthusiasm or devotion
Example
He is a fanatic supporter of his football team.
Él es un fanático seguidor de su equipo de fútbol.
C1 adjective /rɪˈzɪdjuəl/
residual
residual
Meaning
Remaining after the greater part has gone.
Example
The patient experienced residual pain after the surgery.
El paciente experimentó dolor residual después de la cirugía.
B2 noun /ˈʃɪpɪŋ/
shipping
transporte
Meaning
the process of transporting goods
Example
The shipping of the products was delayed due to weather conditions.
El transporte de los productos se retrasó debido a las condiciones climáticas.
C1 adverb /ˈnoʊɪŋli/
knowingly
conscientemente
Meaning
in a way that shows you are aware of something; intentionally
Example
She knowingly kept the secret from her friends.
Ella conscientemente guardó el secreto de sus amigos.
B2 noun /skʌl/
Skull
cráneo
Meaning
the bony framework of the head that protects the brain
Example
The doctor examined the skull X-ray carefully.
El doctor examinó cuidadosamente la radiografía del cráneo.
C1 adjective /dɪˈfɛnsəbəl/
defensible
defendible / justificable
Meaning
Capable of being protected against attack or criticism; justifiable.
Example
Her decision was legally defensible.
Su decisión era legalmente defendible.
C1 noun /ɡrəˈfiː.ti/
Graffiti
escritura o dibujos hechos de manera ilegal en una pared u otra superficie en un lugar público
Meaning
writing or drawings scribbled, scratched, or sprayed illicitly on a wall or other surface in a public place
Example
The subway walls were covered with colorful graffiti created by local street artists.
Las paredes del metro estaban cubiertas con graffiti colorido creado por artistas locales.
C2 noun /ˈprɪvɪti/
privity
relación privada, relación contractual
Meaning
A close, private, or special relationship; in law, the direct connection between parties to a contract.
Example
There was no privity of contract between the supplier and the customer.
No había relación contractual entre el proveedor y el cliente.
C2 noun/verb /dɪsˈfeɪvər/
disfavor
desaprobación / desagrado
Meaning
disapproval or dislike; to regard with disapproval
Example
The new policy fell into disfavor with the public.
La nueva política cayó en el descrédito con el público.
C1 adjective /ˌɪnədˈmɪsəbl̩/
inadmissible
inadmisible
Meaning
Not allowed, especially as evidence in a court of law.
Example
The judge ruled the evidence inadmissible.
El juez dictaminó que la evidencia era inadmisible.
C1 noun /taɪˈkuːn/
tycoon
magnate
Meaning
a wealthy, powerful businessperson
Example
The real estate tycoon invested in several skyscrapers.
El magnate inmobiliario invirtió en varios rascacielos.
C2 noun /djuːˈɛnə/
duenna
gobernanta
Meaning
an older woman acting as a governess or chaperone, especially in Spanish families
Example
The young lady was accompanied by a duenna during the festival.
La joven estaba acompañada por una duéena durante el festival.
A2 noun /smɔːl boʊl/
Small bowl
tazón pequeño
Meaning
a round, shallow container of small size used for serving food or liquids
Example
She served the soup in a small bowl.
Ella sirvió la sopa en un tazón pequeño.
C1 verb /ɪnˈhɪbɪt/
inhibit
inhibir
Meaning
to prevent or restrain someone or something from acting freely; to hinder
Example
Fear can inhibit personal growth.
El miedo puede inhibir el crecimiento personal.
C2 adjective /ˈnɔɪ.səm/
Noisome
apestoso; dañino o desagradable
Meaning
having an extremely offensive smell; harmful or unpleasant
Example
The noisome smell from the garbage made everyone cover their noses.
El apestoso olor de la basura hizo que todos se taparan las narices.
C2 noun /məˈnɒkrəsi/
monocracy
monarquía
Meaning
A system of government by a single person; autocracy.
Example
The nation suffered under decades of monocracy.
La nación sufrió bajo décadas de monocracia.
B2 verb /prəˈkleɪm/
proclaim
proclamar
Meaning
to announce something publicly or officially, especially something important
Example
The president proclaimed a national day of mourning.
El presidente proclamó un día nacional de luto.
C1 adverb /ɪnˈdɛfɪnətli/
indefinitely
indefinidamente
Meaning
for an unlimited or unspecified period of time
Example
The project has been postponed indefinitely.
El proyecto ha sido pospuesto indefinidamente.
B1 noun /ˈwep.ən/
Weapon
arma
Meaning
a thing designed or used for inflicting bodily harm or physical damage
Example
The police found a dangerous weapon at the crime scene.
La policía encontró un arma peligrosa en la escena del crimen.
C2 noun /ˈbʌɡəˌbuː/
bugaboo
fantasma / temor
Meaning
An object of fear or worry; an imagined cause of anxiety.
Example
The threat of inflation became a political bugaboo.
La amenaza de la inflación se convirtió en un bugaboo político.
C2 noun /pəˈlɛmɪks/
polemics
polemica
Meaning
the art or practice of engaging in controversial debate or dispute
Example
The conference was full of polemics on economic reforms.
La conferencia estuvo llena de polémicas sobre las reformas económicas.
C2 verb /dɪˈlæpɪdeɪt/
dilapidate
deteriorar
Meaning
To cause something, especially a building, to fall into ruin or disrepair.
Example
The abandoned house began to dilapidate over the years.
La casa abandonada comenzó a deteriorarse con los años.
C1 adjective /ˈmænɪfoʊld/
Manifold
múltiples
Meaning
many and of several different types; multiple; various
Example
The project has manifold benefits for the community.
El proyecto tiene múltiples beneficios para la comunidad.
C1 adjective /ˈnɔːʃəs/
nauseous
sentirse como si estuvieras a punto de vomitar
Meaning
feeling like you are about to vomit; causing a feeling of sickness
Example
The smell of rotten food made her feel nauseous.
El olor a comida en descomposición le hizo sentir como si fuera a vomitar.
B1 noun /ˈfeɪvər/
favor
favor
Meaning
An act of kindness or approval.
Example
She asked him for a small favor.
Ella le pidió un pequeño favor.
C1 noun /ˈkæn.dɚ/
candor
franqueza
Meaning
The quality of being open, honest, and straightforward in speech or expression.
Example
She spoke with candor about the challenges she faced.
Ella habló con franqueza sobre los desafíos que enfrentó.
C1 adjective /ˈpriːmə/
prima
principal, excelente
Meaning
first or most important; excellent
Example
She was treated as the prima ballerina of the troupe.
Ella fue tratada como la prima bailarina del grupo.
B1 noun, verb /spoʊk/
spoke
radios / habló
Meaning
As a noun, a bar connecting the center of a wheel to its rim; as the past tense of 'speak'.
Example
The bicycle's spoke was bent after the accident.
El radio de la bicicleta estaba doblado después del accidente.
B1 noun /ˈvæk.siːn/
Vaccine
vacuna
Meaning
a substance that is put into the body to prevent a disease
Example
The COVID-19 vaccine has helped reduce severe illness.
La vacuna contra el COVID-19 ha ayudado a reducir enfermedades graves.
B2 verb, noun, adjective /ˈtɛndər/
tender
propuesta / tierno
Meaning
to offer formally; soft and delicate in texture or character; a formal offer or proposal
Example
The company tendered its resignation to the board.
La compañía presentó su renuncia a la junta.
B1 noun sɪvɪˈlɪzeɪʃənz
civilizations
civilizaciones
Meaning
The stage of human social development and organization that is considered most advanced.
Example
Ancient civilizations developed complex systems of governance.
Las antiguas civilizaciones desarrollaron sistemas complejos de gobierno.
A2 adverb /ˈfaɪ.nəl.i/
Finally
finalmente
Meaning
at last; after a long time; in the end; as the last point
Example
After years of hard work, she finally achieved her goal.
Después de años de arduo trabajo, ella finalmente alcanzó su meta.
B1 noun /ˈpɑr.dən/
Pardon
perdón; excusa;
Meaning
forgiveness; the action of forgiving or being forgiven for an error or offense
Example
I beg your pardon for interrupting the meeting.
Te pido perdón por interrumpir la reunión.
C1 noun /ˈækəleɪd/
accolade
accolade
Meaning
An award, honor, or expression of praise.
Example
She received an accolade for her outstanding performance.
Ella recibió un reconocimiento por su destacado desempeño.
B2 adjective; past participle /ˈɒnəd/
honoured
honrado
Meaning
treated with respect or distinction; feeling proud and privileged
Example
She felt deeply honoured to receive the award.
Se sintió muy honrada de recibir el premio.
C1 noun ˈprɒdʒ.ə.ni
progeny
descendencia, prole, herederos
Meaning
A descendant or the descendants of a person, animal, or plant; offspring.
Example
The philosopher's teachings have influenced many generations of progeny.
Las enseñanzas del filósofo han influenciado a muchas generaciones de progenie.
A1 noun /haʊs/
house
casa
Meaning
A building for people to live in, usually with rooms and a roof.
Example
They bought a new house in the city.
Ellos compraron una casa nueva en la ciudad.
A2 noun /klɔːθ/
Cloth
tela
Meaning
woven or felted fabric made from wool, cotton, or a similar fiber
Example
The tailor cut the cloth into precise pieces.
El sastre cortó el tela en piezas precisas.
A2 adverb /ˈen.i.weər/
Anywhere
en cualquier lugar
Meaning
in or to any place; wherever
Example
You can sit anywhere you like in this restaurant.
Puedes sentarte donde quieras en este restaurante.
A1 noun /naɪn/
nine
nueve
Meaning
the number that is one more than eight
Example
She has nine books in her collection.
Ella tiene nueve libros en su colección.
C1 noun /ˈhaɪndsaɪt/
hindsight
perspectiva retroactiva
Meaning
Understanding of a situation only after it has happened.
Example
With the benefit of hindsight, we realized the decision was a mistake.
Con la ventaja de la perspectiva retroactiva, nos dimos cuenta de que la decisión fue un error.
A2 noun /hɪl/
Hill
colina; colina pequeña
Meaning
a naturally raised area of land, not as high or craggy as a mountain
Example
The children enjoyed rolling down the grassy hill behind their house during summer vacation.
Los niños disfrutaron rodando por la colina cubierta de césped detrás de su casa durante las vacaciones de verano.
B2 adjective /rɪˈzɜːrvd/
Reserved
reservado; introvertido
Meaning
slow to reveal emotion or opinions; restrained in manner
Example
She is quite reserved and doesn't talk much in meetings.
Ella es bastante reservada y no habla mucho en las reuniones.
B1 noun /ɪˈkɒnəmɪst/
economist
economista
Meaning
A person who studies or is an expert in economics.
Example
The economist predicted a rise in inflation.
El economista predijo un aumento en la inflación.
C1 adjective /ʌnˈtʌtʃəbəl/
Untouchable
intocable; más allá de la crítica o el ataque
Meaning
not able to be touched or affected; beyond criticism or attack
Example
The CEO seemed untouchable despite the scandal.
El CEO parecía intocable a pesar del escándalo.
B2 adjective /ɪˈmædʒ.ɪ.nər.i/
Imaginary
imaginario; ficticio; no real
Meaning
existing only in imagination; not real; fictional
Example
The child had an imaginary friend who she talked to every day.
La niña tenía un amigo imaginario con el que hablaba todos los días.
B1 verb /skɪp/
skip
saltar
Meaning
to omit or pass over something; to move lightly or quickly
Example
He decided to skip breakfast and go straight to work.
Decidió saltarse el desayuno e ir directamente al trabajo.
C1 adjective /ˈɡʌl.ə.bəl/
gullible
fácilmente engañado
Meaning
Easily deceived or tricked.
Example
She was so gullible that she believed every rumor.
Ella era tan crédula que creía cada rumor.
C1 verb /ɪmˈbrɔɪdər/
embroider
bordar
Meaning
to decorate fabric with patterns using a needle and thread
Example
She embroidered flowers on the pillowcase.
Ella bordó flores en la funda de almohada.
B2 adjective /ˈiːtəbl̩/
eatable
comestible
Meaning
suitable or safe for eating
Example
The berries are not only eatable but also quite tasty.
Las bayas no solo son comestibles, sino también bastante sabrosas.
C2 adjective /ɪkˈstɛnsəbl/
extensible
expansible
Meaning
able to be extended; capable of expansion.
Example
The software is designed to be extensible with new features.
El software está diseñado para ser expansible con nuevas funciones.
B2 noun /ˌdɛm.əˈɡræf.ɪks/
Demographics
Demografía
Meaning
Statistical data relating to the population and particular groups within it.
Example
Demographics help in targeted advertising.
La demografía ayuda en la publicidad dirigida.
A2 verb /kəˈlɛkt/
collect
recoger
Meaning
to gather together; to accumulate items
Example
I collect stamps as a hobby.
Colecciono sellos como pasatiempo.
C1 adjective /ˈvɛrɪtəbl/
veritable
verdadero
Meaning
used to emphasize that something is genuine or true
Example
The house was a veritable palace compared to ours.
La casa era un verdadero palacio comparado con la nuestra.
C1 adjective /pəˈnɪnsjələr/
peninsular
peninsular
Meaning
Relating to or resembling a peninsula.
Example
The peninsular region is surrounded by water on three sides.
La región peninsular está rodeada de agua por tres lados.
C2 noun /juːˌtrɑː.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/
eutrophication
exceso de nutrientes en un lago o cuerpo de agua
Meaning
Excessive richness of nutrients in a lake or other body of water, frequently due to runoff from the land, which causes a dense growth of plant life and death of animal life from lack of oxygen.
Example
Excess fertilizers lead to eutrophication in lakes.
Los fertilizantes excesivos provocan la eutrofización en los lagos.
B1 noun/adjective /ˌdɒkjʊˈmɛntri/
documentary
documental
Meaning
A film or television program that provides a factual record or report.
Example
We watched a documentary about climate change.
Vimos un documental sobre el cambio climático.
C2 noun /ˈtoʊ.di/
Toady
adulador
Meaning
a person who acts obsequiously to gain favor; a sycophant
Example
He was known as a toady who always agreed with the boss.
Él era conocido como un adulador que siempre estaba de acuerdo con el jefe.
B1 adjective /ænˈtiːk/
Antique
antiguo; valioso;
Meaning
old and valuable; belonging to ancient times
Example
She collected antique furniture from the Victorian era.
Ella coleccionó muebles antiguos de la era victoriana.
C1 adjective /ɔːˈstɪə/
austere
austero, sencillo
Meaning
Severe or strict in manner, attitude, or appearance; plain and simple.
Example
The monk lived an austere life in the mountains.
El monje vivió una vida austera en las montañas.
A2 noun /ˈkɒf.i ˈmeɪ.kər/
Coffee maker
cafetera
Meaning
an electric appliance used to brew coffee automatically
Example
I use my coffee maker every morning to brew fresh coffee.
Uso mi cafetera cada manana para preparar cafe fresco.
B2 noun /ˌkɑː.bəʊˈhaɪ.dreɪts/
carbohydrates
carbohidratos
Meaning
Organic compounds consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, serving as a primary source of energy for the body.
Example
Whole grains are a great source of healthy carbohydrates.
Los granos enteros son una excelente fuente de carbohidratos saludables.
C2 adverb /əˈskæns/
askance
despectivamente
Meaning
With suspicion, mistrust, or disapproval.
Example
She looked askance at his unusual proposal.
Ella miró despectivamente su propuesta inusual.
B2 adverb /ˈmɪzərəbli/
Miserably
miserablemente
Meaning
in a wretched or unhappy manner; extremely badly
Example
The team performed miserably in the championship.
El equipo jugó miserablemente en el campeonato.
C2 adjective /ˈtræktəbəl/
tractable
fácil de controlar o influir
Meaning
easy to control or influence
Example
The child was surprisingly tractable during the long journey.
El niño fue sorprendentemente fácil de controlar durante el largo viaje.
B2 verb /səˈrɛndər/
surrender
rendirse
Meaning
to give up or yield to an opponent or authority
Example
The army finally surrendered after weeks of fighting.
El ejército finalmente se rindió después de semanas de lucha.
B2 adjective /səkˈsɛsɪv/
Successive
sucesivo; consecutivo
Meaning
following one after the other in order; consecutive
Example
The team won three successive matches.
El equipo ganó tres partidos consecutivos.
A2 noun /ˈmɪr.ər/
Mirror
espejo
Meaning
a reflective surface that shows an image of whatever is in front of it
Example
She looked at herself in the mirror.
Ella se miró en el espejo.
B1 verb /rɪˈtɜrnɪŋ/
returning
regreso
Meaning
Coming or going back to a place or person.
Example
The group is returning to the port on December 25th.
El grupo está regresando al puerto el 25 de diciembre.
B2 adjective ˌkɒntrəˈdɪktəri
contradictory
contradictorio
Meaning
Mutually opposed or inconsistent; containing elements that oppose each other.
Example
Their views on education are contradictory.
Sus puntos de vista sobre la educación son contradictorios.
C2 noun /ˈfeɪ.tə.lɪ.zəm/
fatalism
fatalismo
Meaning
the belief that all events are predetermined and inevitable
Example
He embraced fatalism, believing that nothing he did could change his destiny.
Él abrazó el fatalismo, creyendo que nada de lo que hiciera podría cambiar su destino.
C1 adjective /ˌfɪz.i.əˈlɒdʒ.ɪ.kəl/
physiological
relacionado con las funciones y actividades corporales
Meaning
Relating to bodily functions and activities.
Example
Exercise improves physiological functions of the body.
El ejercicio mejora las funciones fisiológicas del cuerpo.
C2 adjective ˌsʌr.əpˈtɪʃ.əs
surreptitious
secreto
Meaning
Kept secret, especially because it would not be approved of; done stealthily.
Example
She took a surreptitious glance at his notes.
Ella echó un vistazo secreto a sus notas.
A2 adjective /tʌf/
tough
duro
Meaning
strong, durable, and difficult to break or deal with
Example
He had a tough day at work.
Tuvo un día duro en el trabajo.