irrelevancy
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C1 noun /ɪˈrɛlɪvənsi/

irrelevancy

irrelevancia
Meaning
the state of being unrelated or unimportant to the matter at hand
Example
The judge dismissed the argument because of its irrelevancy to the case.
El juez rechazó el argumento por su irrelevancia para el caso.
B2 verb /ˌoʊvərˈduː/

overdo

exagerar
Meaning
to do something too much; to exaggerate or carry to excess
Example
Don't overdo the exercise on your first day at the gym.
No exageres con el ejercicio en tu primer día en el gimnasio.
A2 verb /sɑːlv/

solve

resolver
Meaning
to find an answer to a problem or question; to resolve a difficulty
Example
The detective finally solved the mysterious case.
El detective finalmente resolvió el caso misterioso.
C1 noun /bruːˈtæləti/

brutality

brutalidad
Meaning
extreme cruelty or violence; savage or inhumane treatment
Example
The brutality of the attack shocked the entire community.
La brutalidad del ataque conmocionó a toda la comunidad.
C2 noun /ænˈtɪstrəfi/

antistrophe

antístrofe (un recurso retórico)
Meaning
A rhetorical device in which a word or phrase is repeated at the end of successive clauses; in Greek choral poetry, the part of the ode sung by the chorus in return movement.
Example
The poet used antistrophe to emphasize the repeated phrase.
El poeta usó la antístrofe para enfatizar la frase repetida.
C1 adjective /ˌeɪˈtɪpɪkəl/

atypical

atípico
Meaning
not representative of a type, group, or class; unusual or abnormal
Example
The doctor said it was an atypical case of the disease.
El doctor dijo que era un caso atípico de la enfermedad.
C2 noun /ˈhæk.ni ˈkær.ɪdʒ/

Hackney carriage

coche de alquiler
Meaning
A taxi; a car licensed to carry passengers for hire
Example
I called a hackney carriage to get to the airport.
Llamé a un coche de alquiler para llegar al aeropuerto.
C1 noun /ˈæb.stɪ.nəns/

abstinence

abstinencia, restricción
Meaning
the practice of restraining oneself from indulging in something, typically alcohol or sex
Example
His doctor advised abstinence from alcohol for better health.
Su médico le aconsejó abstinencia de alcohol para una mejor salud.
C2 noun /ˌθɜː.məʊˈdʒen.ɪ.sɪs/

thermogenesis

proceso de producción de calor
Meaning
The process of heat production in living organisms, often associated with burning calories and energy expenditure.
Example
Spicy foods can enhance thermogenesis and calorie burning.
Los alimentos picantes pueden mejorar la termogénesis y la quema de calorías.
B1 noun ˈlæŋɡwɪdʒ æps

language apps

aplicaciones de idiomas
Meaning
Mobile or computer applications designed to help users learn new languages through interactive lessons and exercises.
Example
Language apps make learning easier.
Las aplicaciones de idiomas hacen que aprender sea más fácil.
C2 noun /dɪˈspɔɪlər/

despoiler

despojador
Meaning
A person who robs, plunders, or violently takes things from others.
Example
The despoilers left the city in ruins.
Los despojadores dejaron la ciudad en ruinas.
B2 noun ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛntəl ˌdɛɡrəˈdeɪʃən

environmental degradation

degradación ambiental
Meaning
The deterioration of the environment through depletion of resources and destruction of ecosystems.
Example
Environmental degradation threatens biodiversity.
La degradación ambiental amenaza la biodiversidad.
B2 adverb /ˈlaɪtli/

lightly

ligeramente
Meaning
gently or with little force or weight
Example
She touched the baby’s hand lightly.
Ella tocó la mano del bebé ligeramente.
C1 verb /ˈveɪpəraɪz/

vaporize

vaporizar
Meaning
to turn into vapor or gas
Example
The heat of the sun can vaporize water from the surface.
El calor del sol puede vaporizar el agua de la superficie.
C1 noun /ˌsɛlfsəˈfɪʃənsi/

Self-sufficiency

autosuficiencia
Meaning
the ability to supply one's own needs without external assistance; independence
Example
The farm achieved complete self-sufficiency in food production.
La granja logró la autosuficiencia completa en la producción de alimentos.
C1 noun /ˈvenəm/

Venom

veneno
Meaning
a poisonous substance secreted by animals such as snakes; extreme malice and bitterness
Example
The snake's venom can be deadly if not treated quickly.
El veneno de la serpiente puede ser mortal si no se trata rápidamente.
A2 noun /ˈbraʊzər/

browser

navegador
Meaning
a software application for accessing information on the World Wide Web.
Example
I use a web browser to search for information online.
Uso un navegador web para buscar información en línea.
A2 adjective /ˈsʌdən/

Sudden

repentino; abrupto; inesperado;
Meaning
happening or done quickly and unexpectedly; abrupt
Example
There was a sudden change in the weather.
Hubo un cambio repentino en el clima.
A2 noun /dɪˈɡriː/

degree

grado / nivel
Meaning
an amount or level of something; an academic qualification
Example
She earned a degree in engineering.
Ella obtuvo un grado en ingeniería.
C2 noun /ˈæbɪs/

abbess

abadesa (mujer al cargo de un convento)
Meaning
the woman in charge of a convent of nuns
Example
The abbess welcomed the visitors to the convent.
La abadesa dio la bienvenida a los visitantes al convento.
C2 adjective /ˈɪl bred/

Ill-bred

maleducado
Meaning
lacking good manners; rude; showing poor upbringing
Example
His ill-bred behavior shocked everyone at the dinner party.
Su conducta maleducada dejó a todos sorprendidos en la cena.
B1 adjective /əˈfɪʃəl/

official

oficial
Meaning
relating to or connected with an authority or public office
Example
He is the official spokesperson for the company.
Él es el portavoz oficial de la empresa.
B2 adjective /ˈduː.əl/

Dual

dual
Meaning
having two parts or consisting of two elements; double
Example
She has dual citizenship of both countries.
Ella tiene doble ciudadanía de ambos países.
C1 adjective /præɡˈmæt.ɪk/

pragmatic

pragmático
Meaning
Dealing with things sensibly and realistically in a way that is based on practical rather than idealistic considerations.
Example
He took a pragmatic approach to solving the financial crisis.
Él adoptó un enfoque pragmático para resolver la crisis financiera.
B1 verb /əˈsɛs/

assess

evaluar
Meaning
to evaluate or estimate the nature, ability, or quality of something
Example
The teacher assessed the students' progress.
El maestro evaluó el progreso de los estudiantes.
C1 noun /ˌprɑːfɪˈtɪr/

profiteer

especulador
Meaning
a person who makes excessive profits, especially unfairly or illegally
Example
The government punished war profiteers.
El gobierno castigó a los especuladores de la guerra.
C1 noun /ˌsɑːrdʒənt ˈmeɪdʒər/

sergeant-major

sargento-mayor
Meaning
A senior non-commissioned officer in the army responsible for discipline and administration within a unit.
Example
The sergeant-major inspected the troops before the parade.
El sargento-mayor inspeccionó a las tropas antes del desfile.
C2 adjective /tʃəˈruːbɪk/

cherubic

angélico
Meaning
Innocent, sweet, and angelic, like a cherub.
Example
The baby had a cherubic smile that melted everyone’s heart.
El bebé tenía una sonrisa angelical que derretía el corazón de todos.
C1 adjective /ˈtæk.taɪl/

tactile

táctil
Meaning
Connected with the sense of touch; perceptible by touch or giving a sensation when touched.
Example
The tactile experience of the fabric was soft and smooth.
La experiencia táctil de la tela era suave y lisa.
B1 noun /rɪˈsɜːtʃə(r)/

researcher

investigador
Meaning
a person who conducts research
Example
The researcher published her findings in a scientific journal.
El investigador publicó sus hallazgos en una revista científica.
B2 noun /ˈhæb.ɪ.tæt/

habitat

hábitat
Meaning
The natural environment where an organism lives and meets its needs.
Example
The polar bear's natural habitat is the Arctic region.
El hábitat natural del oso polar es la región ártica.
C1 verb /rɪˈklaɪn/

recline

recostarse
Meaning
To lean or lie back in a relaxed position.
Example
She reclined on the sofa with a book.
Ella se recostó en el sofá con un libro.
B2 adjective /ˈtʃuː.zi/

Choosey/Choosy

exigente; muy selectivo; particular sobre lo que le gusta o acepta
Meaning
very careful in choosing; selective; particular about what one likes or accepts
Example
He's very choosy about the restaurants where he eats.
Es muy exigente con los restaurantes donde come.
C1 adjective /ɪˈnɜːrt/

inert

inactivo
Meaning
lacking the ability or strength to move or act; chemically inactive
Example
The patient remained inert on the bed.
El paciente permaneció inactivo en la cama.
C2 noun /ɪkˈstɛnsər/

extensor

músculo extensor
Meaning
a muscle that serves to extend or straighten a limb or part of the body.
Example
The extensor muscles in the arm help straighten the elbow.
Los músculos extensores en el brazo ayudan a enderezar el codo.
C2 adjective /ɪˈfjuːsɪv/

effusive

efusivo
Meaning
Expressing feelings of gratitude, pleasure, or approval in an unrestrained or heartfelt manner.
Example
She gave him an effusive welcome after his long journey.
Ella le dio una bienvenida efusiva después de su largo viaje.
B1 noun ˌtɑːdʒ məˈhɑːl

Taj Mahal

Taj Mahal
Meaning
A famous mausoleum in India, considered one of the most beautiful structures ever built and a symbol of love.
Example
The Taj Mahal is considered one of the most beautiful structures ever built.
El Taj Mahal es considerado una de las estructuras mas bellas jamas construidas.
C2 adjective /ˌdɒktrɪˈnɛər/

doctrinaire

doctrinario
Meaning
stubbornly devoted to a theory or doctrine without regard to practical considerations
Example
His doctrinaire approach to politics alienated many supporters.
Su enfoque doctrinario hacia la política alienó a muchos seguidores.
C1 adjective/verb /ˈprɒstreɪt/

prostrate

postrado
Meaning
lying stretched out on the ground with one's face downward, often as a sign of submission or exhaustion
Example
He lay prostrate on the ground after the long battle.
Él se tiró postrado en el suelo después de la larga batalla.
C2 adjective /ˈfækʃəs/

factious

faccionado
Meaning
causing disagreement or division within a group; inclined to form factions
Example
The debate became factious, splitting the committee into rival camps.
El debate se volvió faccioso, dividiendo al comité en campos rivales.
B1 noun /priːst/

priest

sacerdote
Meaning
a person who performs religious duties and ceremonies
Example
The priest blessed the congregation during the Sunday service.
El sacerdote bendijo a la congregación durante el servicio dominical.
B2 adjective /stɜːrn/

Stern

estricto; severo
Meaning
serious and demanding exact conformity to rules; strict and severe
Example
The teacher gave the students a stern warning about cheating.
El maestro dio a los estudiantes una advertencia estricta sobre hacer trampa.
B2 verb /ɪˈvoʊk/

evoke

evocar
Meaning
to bring a feeling, memory, or image into the mind
Example
The old song evoked memories of her childhood.
La vieja canción evocó recuerdos de su infancia.
B1 adjective /ˌʌnˈpeɪd/

Unpaid

no remunerado; sin pago
Meaning
not paid for; without payment or salary
Example
She worked as an unpaid intern for six months.
Trabajó como una pasante no remunerada durante seis meses.
B1 noun/adjective /ˈstændɪŋ/

standing

posición / prestigio
Meaning
status, reputation, or position; also the act of being upright on the feet
Example
He has high standing in the community for his charity work.
Tiene un alto prestigio en la comunidad por su trabajo de caridad.
B2 adjective ədˈmɪn.ɪ.strə.tɪv

administrative

administrativo
Meaning
Relating to the running of a business, organization, etc.; concerned with or relating to management or administration.
Example
Administrative reforms improve efficiency.
Las reformas administrativas mejoran la eficiencia.
C1 noun ˌɒp.tɪ.maɪˈzeɪ.ʃən

optimization

optimización
Meaning
Improving processes to increase performance and efficiency.
Example
SEO optimization helps websites rank higher on search engines.
La optimización de SEO ayuda a los sitios web a obtener un rango más alto en los motores de búsqueda.
B2 adjective /kənˈsɜːvətɪv/

conservative

conservador
Meaning
Favoring traditional views and values; resistant to change.
Example
He has conservative views on family and society.
Él tiene opiniones conservadoras sobre la familia y la sociedad.
C2 verb /bɪˈleɪbər/

belabor

exponer en exceso
Meaning
to argue or elaborate on a subject in excessive detail; to attack verbally or physically
Example
The professor belabored the point until the students grew restless.
El profesor expuso tanto el punto hasta que los estudiantes se inquietaron.
C1 adjective /məˈlɪʃəs/

Malicious

malévolo; maligno
Meaning
having or showing a desire to cause harm to someone; spiteful
Example
The malicious software damaged many computers.
El software malicioso dañó muchas computadoras.
C2 verb /dɪˈkleɪm/

declaim

declarar
Meaning
to speak aloud in a formal, passionate, or theatrical way
Example
The actor declaimed his lines with great intensity.
El actor declamó sus líneas con gran intensidad.
A2 adjective /ˈnɔɪ.zi/

Noisy

ruidoso
Meaning
making a lot of loud or unpleasant sound; clamorous
Example
The noisy construction work outside made it difficult to concentrate.
El ruido de la construcción afuera hacía difícil concentrarse.
A1 noun /mɑːm/

mom

mamá
Meaning
an informal word for mother
Example
My mom makes the best homemade food.
Mi mamá hace la mejor comida casera.
B1 noun /dɪˈbeɪt/

Debate

debate
Meaning
a formal discussion of opposing viewpoints; argument with reasoned points
Example
The political debate lasted for three hours with passionate arguments.
El debate político duró tres horas con argumentos apasionados.
C2 verb /ˈvaʊtʃ.seɪf/

vouchsafe

conceder
Meaning
to grant or give something in a gracious or condescending manner
Example
He vouchsafed them a rare smile.
Él les concedió una rara sonrisa.
C1 adjective /ˈkæl.əs/

Callous

insensible; cruel; despiadado
Meaning
showing or having an insensitive and cruel disregard for others; emotionally hardened
Example
He showed a callous disregard for others' feelings.
Él mostró un desdén calloso por los sentimientos de los demás.
C2 adjective /ˌpjuːsɪˈlænɪməs/

pusillanimous

pusilánime
Meaning
showing a lack of courage or determination; timid
Example
The pusillanimous leader avoided making tough decisions.
El líder pusilánime evitaba tomar decisiones difíciles.
B2 verb /ɪnˈstrʌkt/

instruct

instruir
Meaning
to teach; to give directions
Example
The teacher instructed the students carefully.
El maestro instruyó a los estudiantes con cuidado.
C2 adjective /ˈplɛntɪəs/

plenteous

abundante
Meaning
existing in great quantity; abundant
Example
The harvest was plenteous, providing enough food for the entire village.
La cosecha fue abundante, proporcionando suficiente comida para todo el pueblo.
B2 verb /ɪnˈspekt/

inspect

inspeccionar
Meaning
to examine something carefully to check for problems or faults
Example
The engineer will inspect the building for structural damage.
El ingeniero inspeccionará el edificio por daños estructurales.
C1 noun dɪˈsʌɪsɪvnɪs

decisiveness

capacidad de tomar decisiones
Meaning
The ability to make decisions quickly and effectively.
Example
His decisiveness during the crisis saved the company.
Su capacidad de tomar decisiones durante la crisis salvó a la empresa.
C1 verb /tɔːnt/

taunt

provocar
Meaning
to provoke or challenge someone with insulting remarks
Example
The bully tried to taunt him with cruel words.
El matón intentó provocarlo con palabras crueles.
B2 adjective /ɪnˈklaɪnd/

inclined

inclinada
Meaning
having a tendency or disposition toward something
Example
He is inclined to help those in need.
Él está inclinado a ayudar a los necesitados.
C2 verb /ˈsʌblɪmeɪt/

sublimate

transformar en actividades más elevadas
Meaning
to redirect strong emotions or desires into socially acceptable activities or channels
Example
She sublimated her anger into painting beautiful landscapes.
Ella sublimó su ira en pintar hermosos paisajes.
B1 noun /fɒɡ/

Fog

niebla
Meaning
a thick cloud of tiny water droplets suspended in the atmosphere at or near the earth's surface that reduces visibility
Example
Dense fog covered the highway this morning.
La densa niebla cubrió la carretera esta mañana.
B2 noun səˈsteɪnəbl dɪˈvɛləpmənt

Sustainable Development

desarrollo sostenible
Meaning
Development that meets present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
Example
Eco-tourism contributes to sustainable development in local communities.
El ecoturismo contribuye al desarrollo sostenible en las comunidades locales.
C1 noun /ruːz/

Ruse

artimaña; truco
Meaning
an action intended to deceive someone; a trick or stratagem
Example
The thief used a clever ruse to distract the guard.
El ladrón usó una artimaña astuta para distraer al guardia.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈvɛntɪv/

inventive

inventivo
Meaning
Having the ability to create or design new things or to think originally.
Example
The inventor was known for his inventive solutions to everyday problems.
El inventor era conocido por sus soluciones inventivas para los problemas cotidianos.
C2 noun /sʌbˈɔːl.tən/

subaltern

persona en una posición subordinada; en el ejército, un oficial joven
Meaning
A person holding a subordinate position; in the military, a junior officer.
Example
The subaltern was responsible for leading a small platoon of soldiers.
El subalterno era responsable de dirigir un pequeño pelotón de soldados.
B2 noun /ˈlænd.leɪ.di/

Landlady

casera
Meaning
a woman who rents out land, a building, or accommodation; a female property owner
Example
The friendly landlady provided fresh towels and showed us around the apartment.
La amable casera nos proporcionó toallas frescas y nos mostró el apartamento.
B2 adjective, verb (past) /səˈspɛndɪd/

suspended

suspendido
Meaning
Temporarily not allowed, stopped, or hanging.
Example
He was suspended from school for a week.
Él fue suspendido de la escuela por una semana.
A2 adverb /ˈdɪfərəntli/

differently

de manera diferente
Meaning
in a way that is not the same as another or as expected
Example
She approached the problem differently than her colleagues.
Ella abordó el problema de manera diferente que sus colegas.
B2 noun /ˈsɜːr.tən.ti/

Certainty

certeza
Meaning
firm conviction that something is the case; the quality of being reliably true
Example
We can say with certainty that the project will be completed on time.
Podemos decir con certeza que el proyecto se completará a tiempo.
B1 adjective /ɪkˈstendɪd/

extended

ampliado
Meaning
longer or larger than usual; continuing for a longer time
Example
They took an extended vacation in Europe this summer.
Tomaron unas vacaciones ampliadas en Europa este verano.
B2 noun /ˈmɪd.deɪ/

Midday

mediodía
Meaning
The middle of the day; twelve o'clock in the daytime; noon
Example
The sun is brightest at midday when it's directly overhead.
El sol está más brillante al mediodía cuando está directamente arriba.
C1 adjective ˈeɪlɪəneɪtɪd

alienated

alienado
Meaning
Feeling isolated or estranged; disconnected from others or society.
Example
Alienated students are more prone to delinquency.
Los estudiantes alienados son más propensos a la delincuencia.
C2 noun /ˌæntɪˈtɒksɪn/

antitoxin

antitoxina
Meaning
A substance that neutralizes a specific toxin in the body.
Example
The doctor administered an antitoxin to counter the snake venom.
El doctor administró una antitoxina para contrarrestar el veneno de la serpiente.
A2 preposition/conjunction /ɪkˈsɛpt/

except

excepto
Meaning
not including; other than
Example
Everyone was invited except John.
Todos fueron invitados excepto Juan.
B2 adjective /ˌɛm.pəˈθɛ.tɪk/

empathetic

empático
Meaning
Showing ability to understand and share feelings of others.
Example
She was empathetic towards her friend's struggles.
Ella fue empática hacia las luchas de su amiga.
B2 noun ˈæsɪd reɪn

acid rain

lluvia ácida
Meaning
Rainfall made acidic by atmospheric pollution, especially from industrial emissions.
Example
Acid rain damages crops and buildings.
La lluvia ácida daña los cultivos y los edificios.
B2 noun /ˈkoʊ.brə/

Cobra

cobra
Meaning
a venomous snake with a hood that can be spread when threatened
Example
The cobra raised its hood and hissed at the intruder.
La cobra levantó su capucha y siseó al intruso.
C1 verb /bɪˈriːv/

bereave

perder a un ser querido
Meaning
to deprive someone of a loved one through death
Example
She was bereaved of her husband last year.
Ella perdió a su esposo el año pasado.
C1 noun /vərˈnækjələr/

vernacular

lengua vernácula
Meaning
the language or dialect spoken by ordinary people in a particular region
Example
He gave his speech in the local vernacular so everyone could understand.
Él dio su discurso en la lengua vernácula local para que todos pudieran entender.
C1 noun /oʊθ/

Oath

juramento
Meaning
a solemn promise or declaration; a sworn statement
Example
The doctor took an oath to help patients.
El doctor hizo un juramento de ayudar a los pacientes.
C1 verb /əˈpɛnd/

append

agregar
Meaning
to add something as an attachment or supplement, usually at the end of a document or list
Example
She decided to append a note to the end of the report.
Ella decidió agregar una nota al final del informe.
B2 verb /kəˈlæps/

collapse

colapsar
Meaning
to fall down or inward suddenly; to break down completely
Example
The old building collapsed after the earthquake.
El viejo edificio colapsó después del terremoto.
C1 noun ˈsɪmbəlɪzəm

symbolism

simbolismo
Meaning
The use of symbols to represent ideas or qualities.
Example
The use of symbolism in the novel is masterful.
El uso de simbolismo en la novela es magistral.
C1 noun /ˈdrɪz.əl/

Drizzle

llovizna
Meaning
light rain falling in very fine drops; a very light rainfall
Example
The gentle drizzle continued throughout the morning, making everything misty.
La suave llovizna continuó durante toda la mañana, haciendo que todo se viera nebuloso.
C2 noun /ˈdɛkəˌpɒd/

decapod

decápodo
Meaning
An arthropod with ten limbs, such as crabs, lobsters, and shrimps.
Example
The lobster is a well-known decapod.
La langosta es un decápodo bien conocido.
B2 noun əˌkjuː.mjəˈleɪ.ʃən

accumulation

acumulación
Meaning
The gradual gathering or collecting of something over time.
Example
The accumulation of dust affects appliance efficiency.
La acumulación de polvo afecta la eficiencia de los electrodomésticos.
B2 noun /əˈdʒʌstmənt/

adjustment

ajuste
Meaning
a small change made to improve something or make it work better
Example
The doctor made an adjustment to the patient’s medication.
El doctor hizo un ajuste en la medicación del paciente.
C1 noun /rɪˈmɪt.əns/

Remittance

remesa
Meaning
A sum of money sent in payment or as a gift.
Example
The country's economy benefits from expatriate remittance.
La economía del país se beneficia de las remesas de los expatriados.
B2 adjective /ʌnˈfeɪθ.fəl/

Unfaithful

infiel
Meaning
not loyal or true to a spouse, partner, or commitment
Example
He was unfaithful to his wife for many years.
Él fue infiel a su esposa durante muchos años.
C1 noun /ˈbɪɡətri/

bigotry

intolerancia
Meaning
Intolerance toward those who hold different opinions or lifestyles.
Example
Her bigotry prevented her from accepting people with different beliefs.
Su intolerancia le impidió aceptar a personas con creencias diferentes.
C2 noun /ˈhɔːrn.bɪl/

Hornbill

Ave hornbill
Meaning
a large tropical bird with a large curved beak and often a horn-like projection
Example
The colorful hornbill perched on the highest branch.
El colorido hornbill se posó en la rama más alta.
C2 noun /paɪər/

pyre

pira
Meaning
A heap of combustible material, especially one used for burning a corpse as part of a funeral ceremony.
Example
The villagers built a pyre to honor the deceased.
Los aldeanos construyeron una pira para honrar al difunto.
C2 noun /bɑːrd/

bard

poeta
Meaning
a poet, traditionally one reciting epics and associated with oral traditions
Example
Shakespeare is often called the Bard of Avon.
A Shakespeare a menudo se le llama el Poeta de Avon.
B2 noun /ɪnˈsen.tɪv/

Incentive

incentivo; estímulo
Meaning
a thing that motivates or encourages someone to do something; a reward or penalty that influences behavior
Example
The company offered a cash incentive to employees who exceeded their sales targets.
La empresa ofreció un incentivo en efectivo a los empleados que superaron sus objetivos de ventas.
B2 noun /rɪˈmaɪndər/

reminder

recordatorio
Meaning
something that helps you remember a fact, event, or action that you need to do or recall
Example
He set a reminder to call his mother on her birthday.
Él configuró un recordatorio para llamar a su madre en su cumpleaños.
C1 verb /ɪkˈspend/

expend

gastar
Meaning
to use up or consume; to spend energy or resources
Example
He expended all his energy on the project.
Él gastó toda su energía en el proyecto.
C1 adjective /ˈpɪθ.i/

pithy

conciso y significativo
Meaning
concise and meaningful; full of substance
Example
She gave a pithy comment that summarized the issue perfectly.
Ella dio un comentario conciso que resumió perfectamente el asunto.
C1 adjective /ˈsɜːrli/

surly

gruñón
Meaning
bad-tempered and unfriendly
Example
The waiter gave us a surly look when we asked for more water.
El camarero nos miró de forma gruñona cuando pedimos más agua.
C1 verb /ˈməʊbɪlaɪz/

mobilize

movilizar
Meaning
to organize or prepare people or resources for action
Example
The leader worked hard to mobilize the community for the protest.
El líder trabajó duro para movilizar a la comunidad para la protesta.
C1 adverb /ˌhɛdˈfɜrst/

headfirst

cabeza adelante
Meaning
With the head leading; in a reckless or hasty manner.
Example
He dived headfirst into the pool.
Se zambulló cabeza primero en la piscina.
B1 noun /ˈtiː.pɒt/

Tea-pot

tetera
Meaning
a container with a lid, handle, and spout for brewing and serving tea
Example
She poured hot water into the tea-pot to make tea.
Ella vertió agua caliente en la tetera para hacer té.
C2 noun /ˌmɪsæprɪˈhɛnʃən/

misapprehension

malentendido
Meaning
a mistaken belief or misunderstanding
Example
There is a common misapprehension about the causes of the disease.
Existe un malentendido común sobre las causas de la enfermedad.
B1 verb /ɪˈneɪbəl/

enable

habilitar
Meaning
to make something possible; to give power or ability
Example
This software enables users to edit videos easily.
Este software permite a los usuarios editar videos fácilmente.
B2 verb /həˈræs/

harass

acosar
Meaning
to persistently annoy or torment someone
Example
The employees complained that their boss harassed them.
los empleados se quejaron de que su jefe los acosaba
B2 adjective /ˈɡɪf.tɪd/

Gifted

dotado; talentoso
Meaning
having exceptional talent or ability; talented;
Example
She is a gifted musician who plays multiple instruments.
Ella es una música talentosa que toca varios instrumentos.
C1 noun /ˈɑn.set/

Onset

inicio; comienzo
Meaning
the beginning or early stages of something; the start of a medical condition
Example
The onset of winter brought heavy snowfall.
El inicio del invierno trajo fuertes nevadas.
C2 verb /ɪkˈspeɪʃiˌeɪt/

expatiate

hablar o escribir en detalle
Meaning
to speak or write at length or in detail
Example
The professor expatiated on the importance of critical thinking.
El profesor expuso en detalle la importancia del pensamiento crítico.
B1 noun /ˈreɪn.dɪər/

Reindeer

reno
Meaning
a large deer with branched horns that lives in cold northern areas
Example
Santa's reindeer pulled his sleigh across the sky.
El reno de Santa tiró su trineo a través del cielo.
B2 adjective /ˈlaɪ.ə.bəl/

Liable

responsable; obligado;
Meaning
legally responsible; accountable; obligated
Example
The company is liable for any damages caused by their defective products.
La empresa es responsable de los daños causados por sus productos defectuosos.
B1 noun, verb /strɪŋ/

string

hilo
Meaning
a thin piece of cord or thread; to tie or fasten with a string
Example
She tied the package with a string.
Ella ató el paquete con un hilo.
A2 adverb /ˈtruːli/

Truly

realmente
Meaning
in accordance with fact or reality; genuinely
Example
She truly loves her family.
Ella realmente ama a su familia.
B1 verb /əˈweɪk/

awake

despertar
Meaning
to stop sleeping; to become conscious or alert
Example
I awake every morning at six o'clock.
Despierto todas las mañanas a las seis.
C1 noun /ˌɑːsɪˈleɪʃən/

oscillation

oscilación
Meaning
The movement back and forth at a regular speed.
Example
The oscillation of the pendulum controls the clock.
La oscilación del péndulo controla el reloj.
C1 noun /dɪˈsiːt/

Deceit

engaño; fraude; mentira
Meaning
the action or practice of deceiving someone by concealing or misrepresenting the truth
Example
His deceit was discovered when the truth about his qualifications came to light.
Su engaño fue descubierto cuando la verdad sobre sus calificaciones salió a la luz.
C1 noun, verb /ˈmæn.deɪt/

mandate

mandato
Meaning
an official order or command; to give someone authority to act in a certain way
Example
The government issued a mandate to reduce carbon emissions.
El gobierno emitió un mandato para reducir las emisiones de carbono.
B2 verb /rɪˈfreɪn/

refrain

abstenerse
Meaning
To hold oneself back from doing something.
Example
Please refrain from smoking in this area.
Por favor absténgase de fumar en esta área.
B1 adjective /ʌnˈklɪər/

unclear

poco claro
Meaning
not easy to understand; vague or ambiguous
Example
The instructions were unclear, so I asked for clarification.
Las instrucciones eran poco claras, así que pedí aclaraciones.