indentation
All a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
All CEFR A1 A2 B1 B2 C1 C2
Content locale
EN English BN Bengali HI Hindi ES Español FR Francés DE Alemán RU Ruso ZH Chino JA Japonés
All Vocabulary Cards All Vocabularies
C2 noun /ˌɪndɛnˈteɪʃən/

indentation

sangría
Meaning
A space left at the beginning of a line of text; a notch or deep recess on a surface.
Example
The teacher asked the students to use proper indentation in their essays.
El profesor pidió a los estudiantes que usaran una sangría adecuada en sus ensayos.
A1 verb, noun /mɪs/

miss

extrañar / perderse
Meaning
to fail to hit, reach, or meet; to feel the absence of someone or something
Example
I really miss my family when I travel abroad.
Realmente echo de menos a mi familia cuando viajo al extranjero.
C1 noun /rɪˈliːf treɪn/

Relief Train

tren de alivio
Meaning
a train that carries emergency supplies and aid to disaster-affected areas
Example
The relief train arrived with food and medical supplies for the flood victims.
el tren de alivio llegó con alimentos y suministros médicos para las víctimas de la inundación.
C2 noun /ˈætəmaɪzər/

atomizer

atomizador
Meaning
A device that sprays liquid into a fine mist.
Example
She used an atomizer to apply the perfume evenly.
Ella usó un atomizador para aplicar el perfume uniformemente.
C2 adjective /baɪˈkæmərəl/

bicameral

bicameral
Meaning
Having two branches or chambers, especially in a legislature.
Example
The United States has a bicameral legislature consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives.
Los Estados Unidos tienen una legislatura bicameral compuesta por el Senado y la Cámara de Representantes.
C2 adjective /ˌstætʃuˈɛsk/

statuesque

de estatua
Meaning
Having the grace, beauty, or dignity of a statue; tall and attractively proportioned.
Example
She had a statuesque figure that turned heads wherever she went.
Ella tenía una figura de estatua que hacía que todos se giraran donde quiera que fuera.
B2 noun /ˌekspləˈreɪʃən/

exploration

exploración
Meaning
the action of traveling through or studying an area to learn more about it
Example
Space exploration has expanded our understanding of the universe.
La exploración espacial ha ampliado nuestra comprensión del universo.
C1 adjective /ˈæntɪkweɪtɪd/

antiquated

anticuado
Meaning
Old-fashioned or outdated.
Example
The office still uses an antiquated filing system.
La oficina todavía usa un sistema de archivos anticuado.
C1 noun /ˈsɪndɪkət/

syndicate

sindicato
Meaning
A group of individuals or organizations combined to promote a common interest or carry out a business venture.
Example
A syndicate of investors bought the struggling company.
Un sindicato de inversores compró la empresa en apuros.
B2 adjective /ʌnhaɪˈdʒiːnɪk/

Unhygienic

insalubre; falta de higiene adecuada
Meaning
not clean; lacking proper sanitation
Example
The restaurant was closed due to unhygienic conditions in the kitchen.
El restaurante estaba cerrado debido a condiciones insalubres en la cocina.
C1 noun /stɛntʃ/

stench

hedor
Meaning
A very strong and unpleasant smell.
Example
The stench of garbage filled the alley.
El hedor de la basura llenó el callejón.
C2 adjective /ˈtrʌŋkeɪtɪd/

truncated

abreviado
Meaning
shortened by cutting off a part; cut short
Example
The meeting was truncated due to time constraints.
La reunión fue abreviada debido a las limitaciones de tiempo.
C1 adjective /ˈvɛdʒɪtətɪv/

vegetative

relacionado con el crecimiento o los procesos básicos de la vida
Meaning
relating to growth or the basic processes of life, often without conscious thought or activity
Example
The patient remained in a vegetative state after the accident.
El paciente permaneció en un estado vegetativo después del accidente.
B2 noun /ˈsɑːrˌkæzəm/

sarcasm

sarcasmo
Meaning
The use of irony to mock or convey contempt.
Example
His sarcasm often made people laugh but sometimes offended them.
Su sarcasmo a menudo hacía reír a la gente, pero a veces los ofendía.
A1 noun/adjective /əˈmerɪkən/

american

americano
Meaning
relating to the United States or its people
Example
She is an American citizen.
Ella es una ciudadana americana.
B2 noun /ˈswɒl.oʊ/

Swallow

golondrina
Meaning
a small migratory bird with long wings and a forked tail
Example
The swallow built its nest under the roof.
La golondrina construyó su nido bajo el techo.
C1 verb /əˈskraɪb/

ascribe

atribuir, asignar
Meaning
To attribute something to a cause, source, or person.
Example
Many scholars ascribe the poem to an unknown author.
Muchos eruditos atribuyen el poema a un autor desconocido.
C1 noun /rʌk/

Ruck

empujón; multitud desordenada
Meaning
a situation where a crowd of people are pushing against each other; a disorderly crowd
Example
There was a ruck at the football match.
Hubo un empujón en el partido de fútbol.
B2 verb /ˌoʊvərˈtɜrn/

overturn

dar la vuelta / revertir una decisión
Meaning
to turn something upside down or to reverse a decision or judgment
Example
The court decided to overturn the previous ruling.
El tribunal decidió anular la decisión anterior.
B2 noun/verb /ˈkwɒr.ən.tiːn/

quarantine

cuarentena
Meaning
A period of isolation to prevent the spread of disease.
Example
The travelers were placed in quarantine for two weeks.
Los viajeros fueron colocados en cuarentena durante dos semanas.
C1 noun /rɑk sɔlt/

Rock Salt

sal de roca
Meaning
natural salt crystals formed from evaporated ancient seas; unrefined salt
Example
Rock salt is considered healthier than table salt.
La sal de roca se considera más saludable que la sal de mesa.
B2 noun /stəˈtɪstɪks/

statistics

estadísticas
Meaning
the practice or science of collecting and analyzing numerical data
Example
The statistics showed an increase in the number of users last year.
Las estadísticas mostraron un aumento en el número de usuarios el año pasado.
C2 verb /æbˈdʒʊər/

abjure

abjurar
Meaning
to formally renounce or give up a belief, cause, or claim
Example
He abjured his allegiance to the old regime.
Él renunció a su lealtad al viejo régimen.
C1 noun /ˈæd.və.ser.i/

adversary

adversario
Meaning
One's opponent in a contest, conflict, or dispute.
Example
The boxer faced a strong adversary in the ring.
El boxeador enfrentó a un fuerte adversario en el ring.
B2 noun /ˈves.əl/

vessel

buque
Meaning
A ship or large boat.
Example
The vessel carried critical supplies.
El buque transportó suministros críticos.
C2 adjective /ˈvɪrəl/

virile

viril
Meaning
having traditionally masculine qualities, such as strength, energy, and sexual vigor
Example
The actor was admired for his virile appearance.
El actor fue admirado por su apariencia viril.
C1 noun /ˈsaɪ.ən/

scion

descendiente
Meaning
a descendant of a wealthy, aristocratic, or influential family
Example
He is the scion of a wealthy industrialist family.
Él es el descendiente de una familia industrialista rica.
C1 noun /ˈɪmɪnəns/

imminence

inminencia, estado de proximidad
Meaning
the state of being about to happen
Example
The imminence of the storm forced people to take shelter.
La inminencia de la tormenta obligó a la gente a buscar refugio.
C1 noun /ˈkoʊtʃ.mən/

Coachman

cochero
Meaning
a person who drives a horse-drawn carriage or coach
Example
The coachman skillfully guided the horses through the busy streets.
El cochero guió hábilmente los caballos a través de las calles concurridas.
B2 noun /ɪnˈhæbɪtənt/

inhabitant

habitante
Meaning
a person or animal that lives in a particular place
Example
The inhabitants of the village rely on farming for their livelihood.
Los habitantes del pueblo dependen de la agricultura para su sustento.
C1 adjective /ˈspɛktrəl/

spectral

espectral
Meaning
Relating to a ghost or specter; ghostly. Also relating to a spectrum.
Example
The old mansion had a spectral atmosphere at night.
La vieja mansión tenía una atmósfera espectral por la noche.
B1 verb /kəˈmjuː.nɪ.keɪt/

communicate

comunicar
Meaning
to share or exchange information, ideas, or feelings
Example
They used gestures to communicate across the noisy room.
Ellos usaron gestos para comunicarse a través de la sala ruidosa.
C1 verb /ˈvɛnəˌreɪt/

venerate

venerar
Meaning
to regard with great respect; revere
Example
People venerate saints for their holiness.
La gente venera a los santos por su santidad.
A2 verb /ɪkˈspleɪn/

explain

explicar
Meaning
to make something clear or easy to understand by describing it in more detail
Example
The teacher explained the difficult concept to the students.
El maestro explicó el concepto difícil a los estudiantes.
C1 /ʃrɛd/

shred

triturar
Meaning
to tear or cut something into small pieces
Example
She shredded the old documents before throwing them away.
Ella trituró los viejos documentos antes de tirarlos.
C1 verb /ˈdʒʌk.stə.poʊz/

juxtapose

colocar dos cosas diferentes cerca una de la otra
Meaning
To place two different things close together to show how they are different or similar.
Example
The artist juxtaposed traditional and modern elements in his painting.
El artista colocó elementos tradicionales y modernos en su pintura.
B2 noun /ˌmænjəˈfæktʃərɪŋ/

manufacturing

fabricación
Meaning
the process of making products on a large scale using machinery
Example
The country is investing heavily in the manufacturing sector.
El país está invirtiendo fuertemente en el sector de la fabricación.
B1 noun /prəˈduː.sər/

Producer

productor
Meaning
a person who supervises the making of a film, play, or broadcast program; someone who creates or manufactures goods
Example
The film producer invested millions in the new movie project.
El productor de la película invirtió millones en el nuevo proyecto cinematográfico.
C1 noun /ɪnˈkrəʊtʃmənt/

encroachment

intrusión
Meaning
the act of gradually intruding or taking over someone’s rights, land, or space
Example
The villagers protested against the encroachment on their farmland.
Los aldeanos protestaron contra la intrusión en sus tierras agrícolas.
C1 adjective /ˈɡæl.ənt/

gallant

valiente, héroe
Meaning
Brave, heroic, or chivalrous.
Example
The gallant firefighter saved the child from the burning building.
El valiente bombero salvó al niño del edificio en llamas.
C2 verb /ʃiːð/

sheathe

volver a meter en la vaina
Meaning
to put a sword or knife back into its cover
Example
He quickly sheathed his sword after the duel.
Él rápidamente volvió a meter su espada en su vaina después del duelo.
C2 adjective /ˌsuːpərˈæn.ju.eɪ.tɪd/

superannuated

obsoleto
Meaning
old and no longer useful or valid; retired due to age
Example
The factory was filled with superannuated machines that slowed production.
La fábrica estaba llena de máquinas obsoletas que ralentizaban la producción.
C2 noun /ˈkuː.li/

Cooly

cúli
Meaning
a laborer who does physical work for wages
Example
The cooly carried heavy bags at the railway station.
El cúli llevó bolsas pesadas en la estación de tren.
B2 noun /daɪˈmen.ʃənz/

dimensions

dimensiones
Meaning
Aspects or features of a situation, problem, or thing.
Example
New dimensions of space exploration are being uncovered.
Se están descubriendo nuevas dimensiones de la exploración espacial.
C2 verb /ɛmˈbleɪzən/

emblazon

adornar de manera destacada
Meaning
To decorate or display something in a noticeable or impressive way.
Example
The team's logo was emblazoned on their uniforms.
El logotipo del equipo estaba emblemazado en sus uniformes.
A1 noun /eɡ/

Egg

huevo
Meaning
an oval object laid by female birds, reptiles, fish, and insects, used as food
Example
I had scrambled eggs for breakfast this morning.
Esta mañana comí huevos revueltos para el desayuno.
B1 noun ˈθer.ə.pi

therapy

terapia
Meaning
Treatment intended to relieve or heal a disorder; the treatment of a mental or physical disorder.
Example
Gene therapy offers hope for genetic disorders.
La terapia génica ofrece esperanza para los trastornos genéticos.
C1 noun kənˌsɒl.ɪˈdeɪ.ʃən

Consolidation

consolidación de la memoria
Meaning
The process of converting newly learned information into long-term memory
Example
Sleep plays a key role in memory consolidation.
El sueño juega un papel clave en la consolidación de la memoria.
C1 adjective /tjuːˈmʌltʃuəs/

tumultuous

tumultuoso
Meaning
Characterized by disorder, noisy excitement, or emotional agitation.
Example
They had a tumultuous relationship full of ups and downs.
Ellos tuvieron una relación tumultuosa llena de altibajos.
B2 noun ˈfeɪs tə ˈfeɪs ˈbætl

face-to-face battle

batalla cara a cara
Meaning
A direct confrontation or fight between opposing forces.
Example
The warriors fought a face-to-face battle with the enemies.
Los guerreros lucharon una batalla cara a cara con los enemigos.
B2 noun /beɪs/

bass

voz masculina baja / guitarra baja
Meaning
the lowest adult male singing voice; also, low-frequency sounds in music or a type of fish
Example
He played the bass guitar at the concert.
Él tocó la guitarra baja en el concierto.
A2 adverb /ˈnaɪsli/

nicely

agradablemente
Meaning
in a pleasant, kind, or satisfactory manner; carefully and appropriately
Example
She explained the problem nicely so everyone could understand.
Ella explicó el problema agradablemente para que todos entendieran.
C2 noun /ɪnˈtɒksɪkənt/

intoxicant

intoxicante
Meaning
a substance, especially alcohol or a drug, that causes intoxication
Example
Alcohol is the most commonly used intoxicant in many cultures.
El alcohol es el intoxicante más comúnmente usado en muchas culturas.
C1 adjective prəˈvɪnʃəl

provincial

provincial
Meaning
Of or concerning a province of a country or empire.
Example
Bengali was not just a provincial language.
El bengalí no era solo un idioma provincial.
A2 adjective /ʌnˈhel.θi/

Unhealthy

insalubre; no saludable
Meaning
harmful to health; not in good health; detrimental to well-being
Example
Eating too much fast food is unhealthy for your body.
Comer demasiada comida rápida es insalubre para tu cuerpo.
B2 noun /stæns/

stance

postura
Meaning
a person's attitude, opinion, or position on an issue
Example
The company took a strong stance on environmental protection.
La empresa adoptó una postura firme sobre la protección del medio ambiente.
C1 adjective /ˌhaɪəˈrɑː.kɪ.kəl/

hierarchical

jerárquico
Meaning
arranged in order of rank or authority
Example
The company has a strict hierarchical structure.
La empresa tiene una estructura jerárquica estricta.
A1 noun /laɪf/

life

vida
Meaning
The existence of an individual human being or animal.
Example
Life is full of challenges and opportunities.
La vida está llena de desafíos y oportunidades.
B2 verb /kəmˈpoʊz/

compose

componer
Meaning
to create music or writing; to make up; to calm oneself
Example
She composes beautiful songs.
Ella compone hermosas canciones.
C1 adjective /rɪˈtɜː.nə.bəl/

Returnable

devolvible
Meaning
able to be returned or given back
Example
The bottle is returnable for a deposit refund.
La botella es devolvible para un reembolso del depósito.
C1 adjective ˌsʌbˈlɪm.ɪ.nəl

subliminal

existente o que opera por debajo del umbral de conciencia, percibido o que afecta la mente de alguien sin que lo sepa
Meaning
Existing or operating below the threshold of consciousness; perceived by or affecting someone's mind without their being aware of it.
Example
Advertisements often have subliminal messages.
Los anuncios a menudo contienen mensajes subliminales.
B2 verb /fjuːz/

fuse

fusionar
Meaning
To join or blend two or more things together into one.
Example
The two metals fused under high heat.
Los dos metales se fusionaron bajo calor alto.
C2 noun /traɪˈʌmvɪər/

triumvir

triunviro
Meaning
One of a group of three men holding power in ancient Rome.
Example
Caesar was a triumvir in the first Roman triumvirate.
César fue un triunviro en el primer triunvirato romano.
B2 adjective /mɪsˈliːdɪŋ/

misleading

engañoso
Meaning
giving the wrong idea or impression
Example
The advertisement was misleading and gave false information.
El anuncio era engañoso y dio información falsa.
B1 noun /ˈpɒlɪtɪks/

politics

política
Meaning
activities related to the governance of a country or area, especially the debate between parties having power
Example
Politics often involves making difficult decisions.
La política a menudo implica tomar decisiones difíciles.
C1 adjective /ˌwɛlˈbrɛd/

well-bred

bien educado
Meaning
Having or showing good manners; properly raised.
Example
She is a well-bred young lady with excellent manners.
Ella es una joven bien educada con excelentes modales.
A2 adjective /sər'praɪz.ɪŋ/

Surprising

sorprendente; asombroso
Meaning
causing surprise; unexpected; remarkable
Example
It's surprising how quickly children learn new languages.
Es sorprendente lo rápido que los niños aprenden nuevos idiomas.
C2 adjective /pəˈnjʊəriəs/

penurious

extremadamente pobre
Meaning
extremely poor; poverty-stricken; miserly
Example
The penurious family struggled to buy food.
La familia extremadamente pobre luchaba por comprar comida.
B1 adjective ˈsteɪbl

stable

estable
Meaning
Not likely to change or fail; firmly established.
Example
Strong nuclear force keeps the nucleus stable.
La fuerte fuerza nuclear mantiene el núcleo estable.
C1 noun /ˈfʊtˌnoʊt/

foot-note

nota al pie
Meaning
A note of reference, explanation, or comment placed at the bottom of a page.
Example
The author included a foot-note to explain the historical context.
El autor incluyó una nota al pie para explicar el contexto histórico.
B1 noun /ˈsʌn.set/

Sunset

puesta del sol
Meaning
the time in the evening when the sun disappears below the horizon
Example
The romantic sunset painted the sky in golden colors.
El romántico atardecer pintó el cielo con colores dorados.
C1 noun, adjective /ˈrɛvərənd/

reverend

reverendo, honorable
Meaning
A title of respect used for members of the clergy; deserving deep respect.
Example
The Reverend gave an inspiring sermon at the church.
El reverendo dio un sermón inspirador en la iglesia.
C1 noun /ˈʃɪvəlri/

chivalry

caballerosidad
Meaning
The medieval knightly system with its moral, social, and religious code; courteous behavior, especially toward women.
Example
The knight lived by the code of chivalry.
El caballero vivía según el código de la caballería.
A2 noun ˈhæpɪnəs

happiness

felicidad
Meaning
The feeling or state of being happy; a pleasurable or satisfying experience; contentment and joy.
Example
Happiness lies in enjoying the small things in life.
La felicidad está en disfrutar de las pequeñas cosas de la vida.
C2 noun /əˈrɪə/

arrear

deuda pendiente
Meaning
A debt or payment that is overdue and unpaid.
Example
He was sued for an arrear of rent.
Fue demandado por una deuda pendiente de alquiler.
B2 noun /biːk/

Beak

pico
Meaning
the hard pointed part of a bird's mouth
Example
The eagle has a sharp beak for tearing meat.
El águila tiene un pico afilado para desgarrar carne.
A1 noun /ˈbɑːθruːm/

bathroom

cuarto de baño
Meaning
a room containing a toilet and usually a sink or shower
Example
The bathroom is on the second floor.
El cuarto de baño está en el segundo piso.
B2 noun ˌkɒn.stɪˈtjuː.ʃən

constitution

constitución
Meaning
A body of fundamental principles or established precedents according to which a state is governed.
Example
Constitutional reforms ensure equity.
Las reformas constitucionales aseguran la equidad.
B2 adjective /ˈrændəm/

Random

aleatorio
Meaning
without pattern or predetermined order; happening by chance
Example
She selected a random book from the library shelf.
Ella seleccionó un libro aleatorio de la estantería de la biblioteca.
B2 adjective /ˈtrɒp.ɪ.kəl/

tropical

tropical
Meaning
Relating to the tropics; characterized by hot and humid climate.
Example
The Amazon rainforest is home to many tropical species.
La selva amazónica es hogar de muchas especies tropicales.
A2 noun /ˈmaʊn.tɪn/

Mountain

montaña
Meaning
a large natural elevation of earth and rock rising above the ground
Example
They climbed the highest mountain in the region.
Escalaron la montaña más alta de la región.
C2 verb /ˌdɪsɪnˈhɛrɪt/

disinherit

desheredar
Meaning
to deprive someone, especially a child, of inheritance or right to property
Example
The father threatened to disinherit his son for his reckless actions.
El padre amenazó con desheredar a su hijo por sus acciones imprudentes.
B2 adverb /ˌælfəˈbɛtɪkli/

alphabetically

alfabéticamente
Meaning
in the order of the letters of the alphabet
Example
The names are listed alphabetically in the register.
Los nombres están listados alfabéticamente en el registro.
C2 adjective /dɪsˈkɒnsələt/

disconsolate

desconsolado
Meaning
very unhappy and unable to be comforted
Example
She was disconsolate after hearing the bad news.
Ella estaba desconsolada después de escuchar las malas noticias.
C2 noun /ˈbɑːr.nɪ.kəl/

Barnacle

percebe
Meaning
a marine crustacean that attaches itself permanently to underwater surfaces
Example
The old ship's hull was covered with barnacles.
El casco del viejo barco estaba cubierto de percebes.
C1 adjective /ˈtɛmpərəl/

temporal

temporal
Meaning
Relating to worldly affairs or to time rather than spiritual matters.
Example
The monk gave up his temporal possessions to live a simple life.
El monje renunció a sus posesiones temporales para vivir una vida simple.
B1 adverb /ˈbreɪv.li/

Bravely

valientemente
Meaning
in a way that shows courage and determination
Example
The firefighter bravely entered the burning building.
El bombero entró valientemente en el edificio en llamas.
A2 noun /fækt/

fact

hecho
Meaning
A thing that is known or proved to be true
Example
It is a fact that the Earth orbits the Sun.
Es un hecho que la Tierra orbita alrededor del Sol.
C2 adjective /juːˈdʒɛnɪk/

eugenic

eugenésico
Meaning
Relating to or aiming at improving the genetic quality of a population.
Example
In the early 20th century, some scientists supported eugenic policies.
A principios del siglo XX, algunos científicos apoyaron las políticas eugenésicas.
B1 noun /ˈmɑː.kɪ.tɪŋ/

Marketing

mercadeo, comercialización, marketing
Meaning
The activity, set of institutions, and processes for creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings that have value for customers, clients, partners, and society at large.
Example
Digital marketing has transformed business strategies.
El marketing digital ha transformado las estrategias comerciales.
B1 adjective /ɪnˈkɝr.ɪ.dʒɪŋ/

Encouraging

alentador; motivador
Meaning
giving support or confidence; inspiring; motivating
Example
The teacher's encouraging words motivated the students.
Las palabras alentadoras del maestro motivaron a los estudiantes.
C2 noun /ɪmˈpjuːɪsəns/

impuissance

impotencia, incapacidad
Meaning
inability to take effective action; helplessness
Example
The government’s impuissance in the face of crisis frustrated the people.
La impotencia del gobierno ante la crisis frustró al pueblo.
C2 noun /ˈpɛdɪmənt/

pediment

frontón triangular
Meaning
a triangular gable found above the horizontal structure of a building, often in classical architecture
Example
The ancient temple had a pediment decorated with sculptures.
El antiguo templo tenía un frontón decorado con esculturas.
C2 adjective /sɪˈnæp.tɪk/

synaptic

sináptico
Meaning
Related to the signal transmission process between nerve cells.
Example
Learning strengthens synaptic connections in the brain.
El aprendizaje fortalece las conexiones sinápticas en el cerebro.
B2 noun ˈkɛmɪkəl weɪst

chemical waste

residuos químicos
Meaning
Waste material from industrial or laboratory processes that contains harmful chemicals.
Example
Chemical waste pollutes water bodies.
Los residuos químicos contaminan los cuerpos de agua.
C2 noun /ˈbrɔːdˌsaɪd/

broadside

ataque contundente
Meaning
a strong verbal attack or a sheet of paper printed on one side
Example
The politician launched a broadside against his opponent.
El político lanzó un ataque contundente contra su oponente.
C1 noun ˌkɒn.ʃiˈen.ʃəs.nəs

conscientiousness

conciencia
Meaning
The quality of wishing to do one's work or duty well and thoroughly; diligence.
Example
Her conscientiousness in work led to a well-organized project.
Su conciencia en el trabajo condujo a un proyecto bien organizado.
C2 noun /ˈmɪsəl/

missal

misal
Meaning
a book containing the texts used in the Catholic Mass throughout the year
Example
The priest read from the missal during the ceremony.
El sacerdote leyó del misal durante la ceremonia.
C1 noun /ˈfɪɡjərˌhɛd/

figurehead

cabeza simbólica
Meaning
a nominal leader with no real power; a symbolic head
Example
The king was merely a figurehead with no real authority.
El rey era simplemente un líder simbólico sin poder real.
B2 verb, noun, adjective /streɪ/

stray

perderse
Meaning
to move away from the correct path or go off course; a person or animal that has wandered off; something that is not where it belongs
Example
The dog strayed from the yard and got lost.
El perro se desvió del jardín y se perdió.
C1 adjective /ˌɛnɪɡˈmætɪk/

enigmatic

enigmático
Meaning
mysterious and difficult to interpret or understand
Example
He gave me an enigmatic smile.
Él me dio una sonrisa enigmática.
B2 noun /ˈkʌmbæk/

comeback

regreso
Meaning
A return to a former status or success after a period of decline.
Example
The singer made a remarkable comeback after years of silence.
El cantante hizo un regreso notable después de años de silencio.
B2 noun /ˈsɑːfmɔːr/

sophomore

estudiante de segundo año
Meaning
a student in their second year of study at a university or high school
Example
He’s a sophomore in college, studying computer science.
Él es un estudiante de segundo año en la universidad, estudiando ciencias de la computación.
C2 noun /ˈɪkθiəˌsɔːrz/

ichthyosaurs

ictiosaurios (un tipo de reptil marino extinto)
Meaning
Extinct marine reptiles that resembled fish and dolphins, dominant during the Mesozoic era.
Example
Ichthyosaurs were swift predators of the ancient seas.
Los ictiosaurios eran depredadores rápidos de los mares antiguos.
B2 verb /ˌoʊvərˈpeɪ/

overpay

pagar en exceso
Meaning
To pay more than is necessary or reasonable.
Example
She realized she had overpaid for the concert tickets.
Ella se dio cuenta de que había pagado de más por las entradas del concierto.
C1 noun ɪnˌvaɪ.rənˈmen.təl ˌtræns.fəˈmeɪ.ʃən

environmental transformation

transformación ambiental
Meaning
A significant change in environmental conditions or ecological systems.
Example
The city demonstrates environmental transformation.
La ciudad demuestra transformación ambiental.
C2 verb /dɪsˈbɜːrs/

disburse

distribuir
Meaning
to pay out money, especially from a fund
Example
The organization will disburse the funds to the affected families.
La organización distribuirá los fondos a las familias afectadas.
B2 noun /məˈkænɪks/

mechanics

mecánica
Meaning
the branch of physics concerned with the motion of objects and the forces acting on them; also refers to the practical details of how something works
Example
He studied the mechanics of the machine before fixing it.
Estudió la mecánica de la máquina antes de repararla.
C2 adjective /ˈsɪmiən/

simian

simio
Meaning
Relating to, resembling, or affecting apes or monkeys.
Example
The scientist studied the simian behavior of the chimpanzees.
El científico estudió el comportamiento simio de los chimpancés.
C1 adjective /ˈhɑːrdi/

hardy

resistente, robusto
Meaning
Strong, robust, and capable of enduring difficult conditions.
Example
Hardy plants can survive the harsh winter.
Las plantas resistentes pueden sobrevivir al invierno severo.
A1 verb /æsk/

ask

preguntar
Meaning
to request information; to inquire; to invite
Example
Can I ask you a question about the homework?
¿Puedo hacerte una pregunta sobre la tarea?
C2 verb /ˈfrʌktɪˌfaɪ/

fructify

fructificar
Meaning
To make fruitful or productive; to bear fruit.
Example
The new policies will help fructify the economic potential of the region.
Las nuevas políticas ayudarán a fructificar el potencial económico de la región.
B2 adjective /ˌʌndɪˈstɜːrbd/

Undisturbed

ininterrumpido
Meaning
not interrupted or interfered with; calm and peaceful
Example
She slept undisturbed for eight hours.
Ella durmió ininterrumpidamente durante ocho horas.
B2 noun /ˈmɛkəˌnɪzəm/

mechanism

mecanismo
Meaning
A system of parts working together in a machine; a process or technique for achieving something.
Example
The mechanism of the clock stopped working after years of use.
El mecanismo del reloj dejó de funcionar después de años de uso.
C1 adjective /ˈtæk.taɪl/

tactile

táctil
Meaning
Connected with the sense of touch; perceptible by touch or giving a sensation when touched.
Example
The tactile experience of the fabric was soft and smooth.
La experiencia táctil de la tela era suave y lisa.
C2 verb /aɪˈtɪnəˌreɪt/

itinerate

itinerar
Meaning
To travel from place to place, usually for the purpose of work or preaching.
Example
The missionary itinerated throughout the region to spread the message.
El misionero viajó por toda la región para difundir el mensaje.
C1 adjective /wɒn/

wan

pálido
Meaning
looking pale or sickly; lacking color or vitality
Example
After the long illness, his face looked wan and tired.
Después de la larga enfermedad, su rostro se veía pálido y cansado.
C2 noun /əkˈsɛʃən/

accession

acceso al trono / aceptación de un tratado
Meaning
the attainment of a position of rank or power, especially a monarch or president; the formal acceptance of an agreement or treaty
Example
The king's accession to the throne was celebrated with great ceremony.
La ascensión del rey al trono fue celebrada con gran ceremonia.
C1 noun /mæɡˈnɪfɪsəns/

magnificence

magnificencia
Meaning
splendor, grandeur, or impressive beauty
Example
The magnificence of the palace left everyone speechless.
La magnificencia del palacio dejó a todos sin palabras.
C2 verb /ˈnuːkliˌeɪt/

nucleate

nuclear
Meaning
to form into a nucleus or bring together into a central part
Example
The droplets began to nucleate around tiny particles in the air.
Las gotas comenzaron a nuclearse alrededor de pequeñas partículas en el aire.
C2 noun /ˈsælvər/

salver

bandeja de plata
Meaning
A tray, typically made of silver, used for serving food or drinks.
Example
The butler brought in the tea on a silver salver.
El mayordomo trajo el té en una bandeja de plata.