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B1 verb /ɪnˈkriːst/

increased

aumentado
Meaning
became greater in size, amount, or degree
Example
The company's revenue increased last year.
Los ingresos de la compañía aumentaron el año pasado.
B1 adjective ˌɪn.dɪˈpen.dənt

independent

independiente
Meaning
Not depending on another for livelihood or subsistence; free from outside control; not subject to another's authority.
Example
An independent institution ensures transparency in governance.
Una institución independiente garantiza la transparencia en la gobernanza.
B1 noun /ˈɪn.flu.əns/

Influence

influencia; poder
Meaning
the capacity to have an effect on the character, development, or behavior of someone or something
Example
The teacher's positive influence helped the student overcome his learning difficulties.
La influencia positiva del maestro ayudó al estudiante a superar sus dificultades de aprendizaje.
B2 adjective /ˌɪnəˈproʊpriət/

inappropriate

inapropiado
Meaning
not suitable or proper in the circumstances
Example
It was inappropriate to talk loudly in the library.
Era inapropiado hablar en voz alta en la biblioteca.
C2 adjective /ˌɪnkəmˈbʌstəbl/

incombustible

incombustible
Meaning
Not capable of catching fire or burning.
Example
This material is incombustible and safe for construction.
Este material es incombustible y seguro para la construcción.
C2 noun /ˌɪnsəˈrɛkʃən/

insurrection

insurrección
Meaning
A violent uprising against an authority or government.
Example
The army was called in to suppress the insurrection.
El ejército fue llamado para sofocar la insurrección.
C2 adjective /ˌɪnfɪnɪˈtɛsɪməl/

infinitesimal

infinitesimal
Meaning
Extremely small in size or amount; so tiny as to be almost negligible.
Example
The error was so infinitesimal that it didn’t affect the results.
El error fue tan infinitesimal que no afectó los resultados.
B2 noun ˈɪn.frəˌstrʌk.tʃər

infrastructure

infraestructura
Meaning
The basic physical and organizational structures and facilities needed for the operation of a society or enterprise.
Example
Digital infrastructure is vital for future advancements.
La infraestructura digital es vital para los avances futuros.
B2 noun /ˌɪnsɪˈkjʊərɪti/

insecurity

inseguridad
Meaning
lack of confidence or assurance; a state of uncertainty or vulnerability
Example
Her insecurity made her doubt her abilities despite her experience.
Su inseguridad la hizo dudar de sus habilidades.
C1 verb ɪˈmɜːrs

immerse

sumergir
Meaning
To involve oneself deeply in a particular activity or interest; to surround completely.
Example
Immerse yourself in the new language.
Sumérgete en el nuevo idioma.
C2 noun /ɪnˈfriːkwəns/

infrequence

infrecuencia
Meaning
The state of occurring rarely or at long intervals.
Example
The infrequence of their meetings made it hard to maintain close ties.
La infrecuencia de sus reuniones hacía difícil mantener vínculos cercanos.
C2 noun /ˈɪn.dɪ.dʒəns/

indigence

indigencia
Meaning
a state of extreme poverty or destitution
Example
The charity was founded to help people living in indigence.
La caridad se fundó para ayudar a las personas que viven en indigencia.
B2 verb /ɪnˈfɛkt/

infect

infectar
Meaning
To contaminate with a disease-causing organism.
Example
The virus can infect healthy people quickly.
El virus puede infectar a las personas saludables rápidamente.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈɡreɪnd/

ingrained

arraigado
Meaning
Firmly fixed or established; deeply rooted and difficult to change.
Example
His ingrained habits were hard to break.
Sus hábitos arraigados eran difíciles de romper.
C2 adjective /ˌɪnɪˈsɛnʃəl/

inessential

inesencial
Meaning
not necessary or important; not essential
Example
The report removes all inessential details to stay focused.
El informe elimina los detalles inesenciales para mantenerse enfocado.
C2 adjective /ɪnˈvɛtərət/

inveterate

inmutable
Meaning
having a long-established habit, activity, or interest that is unlikely to change
Example
He is an inveterate reader who spends hours in the library every day.
Él es un lector inmutable que pasa horas en la biblioteca todos los días.
C1 noun ˌɪnfɛsˈteɪʃən

infestation

infestación, gran número de insectos o animales en un lugar
Meaning
The presence of an unusually large number of insects or animals in a place, causing damage or disease.
Example
The infestation of ants in the kitchen led to immediate pest control measures.
La infestación de hormigas en la cocina llevó a medidas inmediatas de control de plagas.
C2 verb /ɪmˈpjuːt/

impute

imputar
Meaning
to attribute a fault or responsibility to someone
Example
They imputed the company's success to good leadership.
Ellos imputaron el éxito de la empresa a un buen liderazgo.
C2 verb /ˌɪmpɔːrˈtuːnd/

importuned

insistir persistentemente
Meaning
asked someone persistently and pressingly for something
Example
She importuned her boss for a raise until he finally gave in.
Ella insistió persistentemente a su jefe por un aumento hasta que finalmente accedió.
C1 noun /ˈɪntrɪkəsi/

intricacy

complejidad
Meaning
the quality of being very detailed or complicated
Example
The intricacy of the design impressed everyone.
La complejidad del diseño impresionó a todos.
C1 noun /ɪnˈtruː.ʒən/

intrusion

intrusión no autorizada
Meaning
Unauthorized entry into a system or place without permission
Example
The company detected an intrusion in its server.
La empresa detectó una intrusión en su servidor.
B1 noun ˈɪmpækt

impact

impacto
Meaning
A strong effect or influence; the action of one object coming forcibly into contact with another.
Example
The decision had great impact.
La decisión tuvo un gran impacto.
B2 adjective /ɪnˈkluːsɪv/

inclusive

inclusivo
Meaning
Including all the services, facilities, or items normally expected or required; not excluding any section of society or any party involved.
Example
Inclusive growth benefits all sections of society.
El crecimiento inclusivo beneficia a todas las secciones de la sociedad.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈfriːkwənt/

infrequent

poco frecuente
Meaning
Happening rarely or not often.
Example
He made infrequent visits to his hometown after moving abroad.
Él hacía visitas poco frecuentes a su ciudad natal después de mudarse al extranjero.
C2 noun /ɪnˌtɛl.ɪˈdʒɛntsi.ə/

intelligentsia

intelectuales
Meaning
The group of people engaged in intellectual and cultural pursuits in a society.
Example
The intelligentsia played a key role in shaping public opinion.
Los intelectuales jugaron un papel clave en la formación de la opinión pública.
C2 adjective /ˌɪrɪˈmiːdiəbl̩/

irremediable

irremediable
Meaning
Impossible to cure, repair, or remedy.
Example
The damage to the ancient manuscript was irremediable.
El daño al antiguo manuscrito era irremediable.
B2 adjective ɪˈmɜː.sɪv

immersive

inmersivo
Meaning
Providing, involving, or characterized by deep absorption or immersion in something.
Example
Virtual reality creates an immersive learning environment.
La realidad virtual crea un ambiente de aprendizaje inmersivo.
C1 noun ɪnˈsɛpʃən

inception

inicio
Meaning
The establishment or starting point of an institution or activity.
Example
The inception of the company marked a new era in the industry.
La incepción de la empresa marcó una nueva era en la industria.
C1 noun /ɪnˈɛk.wɪ.ti/

inequity

inequidad
Meaning
Lack of fairness or justice; unequal distribution or treatment.
Example
Social inequity continues to be a global issue.
La inequidad social sigue siendo un problema global.
C2 verb /ɪnˈtɜːrpəˌleɪt/

interpolate

interpolar
Meaning
To insert something, often words, into a text or conversation; to estimate values between known data points.
Example
The editor interpolated a missing paragraph into the manuscript.
El editor interpoló un párrafo faltante en el manuscrito.
A1 conjunction /ɪf/

if

si
Meaning
used to introduce a condition or supposition
Example
If it rains tomorrow, we will stay home.
Si llueve mañana, nos quedaremos en casa.
B1 verb ɪnˈvɛst

invest

invertir
Meaning
To put money, effort, time, etc. into something to make a profit or get an advantage.
Example
Investing in intellectual property can generate passive income.
Invertir en propiedad intelectual puede generar ingresos pasivos.
C2 noun /ˈɪnroʊd/

inroad

progreso
Meaning
An advance or significant progress, often at the expense of something else.
Example
The company made significant inroads into the mobile market.
La compañía hizo avances significativos en el mercado móvil.
B2 noun ˌɪm.plɪˈkeɪ.ʃən

implication

implicación
Meaning
A conclusion that can be drawn from something although it is not explicitly stated; a likely consequence.
Example
The implication of climate change is severe.
La implicación del cambio climático es grave.
C1 adjective /ɪˈrɛvərənt/

irreverent

irreverente
Meaning
showing a lack of respect for people or things that are usually respected
Example
The comedian’s irreverent jokes offended some of the audience.
Los chistes irreverentes del comediante ofendieron a algunos de la audiencia.
B2 adverb /ˌɪndəˈrɛktli/

indirectly

indirectamente
Meaning
in a way that is not direct; through an intermediate means or influence
Example
The policy affected small businesses indirectly.
La política afectó indirectamente a las pequeñas empresas.
B2 adjective ˌɪnstrəˈmɛntl

instrumental

instrumental
Meaning
Serving as a crucial means, agent, or tool; having a part in bringing about a result.
Example
Children can be instrumental in building a better society.
Los niños pueden ser instrumentales en la construcción de una sociedad mejor.
C1 verb /ɪnˈklaɪn/

incline

inclinarse
Meaning
to feel willing or favorably disposed toward something; to bend or tilt
Example
She is inclined to agree with the proposal.
Ella está inclinada a estar de acuerdo con la propuesta.
B2 noun /ˈɪn.vɔɪs/

Invoice

factura
Meaning
a list of goods sent or services provided, with a statement of the sum due for these
Example
The company sent an invoice for the office supplies delivered last week.
La empresa envió una factura por los suministros de oficina entregados la semana pasada.
B2 noun /ɪnˌtɜːrprəˈteɪʃən/

interpretation

interpretación
Meaning
the action of explaining the meaning of something
Example
The teacher gave her own interpretation of the poem.
La profesora dio su propia interpretación del poema.
C2 adjective /ˌɪmpəˈmɪsəbl/

impermissible

imposible
Meaning
Not permitted or allowed.
Example
Such behavior is impermissible in the workplace.
Tal comportamiento es imposible en el lugar de trabajo.
C1 verb /ɪnˈdʌkt/

induct

admitir formalmente a alguien en una posición, organización o cargo
Meaning
to formally admit someone into a position, organization, or office
Example
She was inducted into the university's honor society.
Ella fue admitida en la sociedad de honor de la universidad.
C1 adjective /ˌɪməˈtɪəriəl/

immaterial

inmaterial
Meaning
Not important or relevant; lacking physical substance.
Example
The judge ruled that the argument was immaterial to the case.
El juez falló que el argumento no era relevante para el caso.
C2 noun /ˈɪl.i.æd/

iliad

Ilíada
Meaning
An ancient Greek epic poem attributed to Homer, describing the events of the Trojan War.
Example
Students studied the Iliad to understand Greek mythology and heroism.
Los estudiantes estudiaron la Ilíada para entender la mitología griega y el heroísmo.
C2 adjective /ɪnˈklɛmɛnt/

inclement

clima inclemente
Meaning
unpleasantly cold, wet, or stormy (usually weather)
Example
The match was canceled due to inclement weather.
El partido fue cancelado debido al clima inclemente.
C2 adverb /ˈɪntʃmiːl/

inchmeal

poco a poco
Meaning
Gradually, little by little.
Example
The old castle fell inchmeal into ruin.
El viejo castillo cayó poco a poco en ruinas.
B2 noun ˌɪn.tɪˈɡreɪ.ʃən

integration

Integración. Unificación.
Meaning
The action or process of integrating; the process of combining or adding parts to make a unified whole.
Example
Integration of networks will improve global communication.
La integración de redes mejorará la comunicación global.
B2 verb /ɪnˈstrʌkt/

instruct

instruir
Meaning
to teach; to give directions
Example
The teacher instructed the students carefully.
El maestro instruyó a los estudiantes con cuidado.
B2 adjective /ɪˈmætʃʊr/

Immature

inmaduro; inmaduro emocionalmente; infantil
Meaning
not fully developed; lacking emotional or intellectual development; childish
Example
His immature behavior during the meeting disappointed everyone.
Su comportamiento inmaduro durante la reunión decepcionó a todos.
C1 adjective /ˌɪn.ɪˈfɛk.tʃu.əl/

ineffectual

ineficaz
Meaning
Not producing any or the desired effect; lacking the ability or qualities to achieve a purpose.
Example
The manager’s ineffectual leadership caused the team to lose motivation.
El liderazgo ineficaz del gerente hizo que el equipo perdiera la motivación.
C1 verb /ˌɪn.trəˈspekt/

introspect

introspectar
Meaning
To examine one's own thoughts, feelings, or mental state.
Example
He often introspects before making important decisions.
Él a menudo se introspecta antes de tomar decisiones importantes.
C1 verb ɪˈnɔː.ɡjə.reɪ.tɪd

inaugurated

inaugurado
Meaning
Begin or introduce (a system, policy, or period) formally.
Example
The organization was inaugurated officially.
La organización fue inaugurada oficialmente.
C1 adjective /ˌaɪdiəˈlɪstɪk/

Idealistic

idealista
Meaning
pursuing high principles or ideals; unrealistically optimistic
Example
She has an idealistic view of changing the world.
Ella tiene una visión idealista de cambiar el mundo.
B2 adjective /ˌɪnsəˈfɪʃənt/

insufficient

insuficiente
Meaning
Not enough; inadequate.
Example
His explanation was insufficient to clear the confusion.
Su explicación fue insuficiente para aclarar la confusión.
C2 noun /ˌɪməʊˈbɪləti/

immobility

inmovilidad
Meaning
The state of being unable to move.
Example
After the accident, she suffered from immobility in her legs.
Después del accidente, sufrió de inmovilidad en sus piernas.
B2 adjective /ˌɪnkənˈsɪstənt/

inconsistent

inconsistente
Meaning
Not staying the same throughout; lacking harmony or regularity.
Example
His answers were inconsistent and confusing.
Sus respuestas fueron inconsistentes y confusas.
C1 verb /ɪnˈtɒksɪkeɪt/

intoxicate

felicidad
Meaning
to make someone lose control of their faculties or behavior due to alcohol or drugs
Example
The strong drink quickly intoxicated him.
No pudo esconder su felicidad cuando recibió el premio.
B2 adjective /ɪmˈprɒp.ər/

Improper

impropio; incorrecto; inapropiado
Meaning
inappropriate; incorrect; not suitable
Example
It would be improper to discuss personal matters in a business meeting.
Sería impropio discutir asuntos personales en una reunión de negocios.
B2 noun ˈɪn.deks

index

índice
Meaning
An alphabetical list of names, subjects, etc. with references to the places where they occur, typically found at the end of a book; a sign or measure of something.
Example
An index organizes critical data.
Un índice organiza datos importantes.
C2 adjective /ɪˈnɪm.ɪ.tə.bəl/

inimitable

inimitable
Meaning
So good or unusual as to be impossible to copy; unique.
Example
His inimitable writing style made him a literary legend.
Su estilo de escritura inimitable lo convirtió en una leyenda literaria.
C1 verb /ˈɪtəreɪt/

iterate

iterar
Meaning
To repeat a process or statement, often to improve or refine.
Example
The software team will iterate the design until it meets user needs.
El equipo de software iterará el diseño hasta que cumpla con las necesidades del usuario.
B2 noun /ˌɪntərˈfɪərəns/

interference

interferencia
Meaning
the action of interfering with something
Example
The radio signal was disrupted due to interference from nearby electronics.
La señal de radio fue interrumpida debido a la interferencia de dispositivos electrónicos cercanos.
C1 adjective /ˌɪndɪˈspjuːtəbəl/

Indisputable

indiscutible; innegable; cierto
Meaning
impossible to deny or argue against; undeniable; certain
Example
The evidence against him was indisputable.
La evidencia en su contra era indiscutible.
C1 adjective /ˌɪnsɪˈdɛntəl/

incidental

incidental
Meaning
happening as a minor part or in connection with something else
Example
Incidental expenses like snacks and tips were included in the bill.
Gastos incidentales como bocadillos y propinas fueron incluidos en la factura.
B2 noun /ˌɪnəˈbɪləti/

inability

incapacidad
Meaning
the state of being unable to do something
Example
His inability to make decisions affected his career.
Su incapacidad para tomar decisiones afectó su carrera.
C2 adjective /ɪˈnɪmɪkəl/

inimical

hostil / adverso
Meaning
tending to obstruct or harm; unfriendly or hostile
Example
The policy was inimical to the country's economic growth.
La política era hostil al crecimiento económico del país.
C1 noun /ˌɪnækˈtɪvɪti/

inactivity

inactividad
Meaning
the state of not being active physically or mentally; lack of action
Example
Prolonged inactivity can negatively affect both physical and mental health.
La inactividad prolongada puede afectar negativamente la salud física y mental.
C2 verb /ɪnˈɡrɑːft/

ingraft

implantar
Meaning
To implant or fix deeply, often used in the sense of grafting an idea or quality.
Example
The teacher tried to ingraft good manners in the students.
El maestro trató de implantar buenos modales en los estudiantes.
B1 noun /ɪnˈtɛnʃən/

intention

intención
Meaning
A plan, aim, or purpose behind an action.
Example
Her intention was to finish the project before the deadline.
Su intención era terminar el proyecto antes de la fecha límite.
C1 noun /ˈɪrɪtənt/

irritant

sustancia irritante
Meaning
something that causes irritation or discomfort
Example
Dust is a common irritant for people with allergies.
El polvo es un irritante común para las personas con alergias.
C1 adjective /ˌɪntərˈtwaɪnd/

intertwined

felicidad
Meaning
closely connected or twisted together
Example
Their lives became deeply intertwined after the accident.
Ella no pudo ocultar su felicidad cuando recibió el premio.
B2 noun ˌɪn.təˈven.ʃən

intervention

intervención
Meaning
The action or process of intervening; involvement in a situation to improve or help it.
Example
The intervention of the UN was crucial in resolving the conflict.
La intervención de la ONU fue crucial para resolver el conflicto.
C1 adjective /ɪˈnænɪmət/

inanimate

objeto inanimado
Meaning
not alive, especially not in the manner of animals and humans; lifeless
Example
The museum was full of inanimate objects from ancient times.
El museo estaba lleno de objetos inanimados de tiempos antiguos.
C1 adjective /ɪˈnuːmərəbəl/

Innumerable

innumerable; incontable; infinito
Meaning
too many to be counted; countless; infinite in number
Example
There are innumerable stars in the night sky that we cannot see with our naked eyes.
Hay innumerables estrellas en el cielo nocturno que no podemos ver con nuestros ojos desnudos.
C1 verb /ˈɪrɪˌɡeɪt/

irrigate

regar
Meaning
to supply water to land or crops; to wash out a wound with water
Example
Farmers irrigate their fields during dry seasons.
Los agricultores riegan sus campos durante la temporada seca.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈdʒʊəriəs/

injurious

perjudicial
Meaning
Causing or likely to cause harm or damage.
Example
Smoking is injurious to health.
Fumar es perjudicial para la salud.
C1 adjective; noun /ɪˈmɔːrtl/

immortal

inmortal
Meaning
living forever; never dying; lasting forever in fame or memory
Example
Legends often describe heroes as immortal beings who never die.
Las leyendas describen a los héroes como inmortales.
C1 verb /ɪmˈpɛl/

impel

impulsar
Meaning
to drive, force, or urge someone to do something
Example
Her curiosity impelled her to open the mysterious box.
Su curiosidad la impulsó a abrir la caja misteriosa.
C2 noun /ˌɪnvəˈkeɪʃən/

invocation

invocación
Meaning
the act of calling upon a higher power for help, blessing, or inspiration
Example
The ceremony began with an invocation to the gods.
La ceremonia comenzó con una invocación a los dioses.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈdetɪd/

Indebted

endeudado; agradecido
Meaning
owing money or gratitude to someone; obligated; grateful
Example
I am deeply indebted to my teacher for all her guidance.
Estoy profundamente endeudado con mi profesora por toda su orientación.
B2 verb /ɪmˈpoʊzd/

imposed

impuesto
Meaning
forced something to be accepted or put in place
Example
The government imposed new regulations on the industry.
El gobierno impuso nuevas regulaciones sobre la industria.
C2 noun /ˌɪnkænˈdɛsəns/

incandescence

incandescencia
Meaning
the emission of light from a hot object; brilliance
Example
The incandescence of the candle filled the dark room.
La incandescencia de la vela llenó la habitación oscura.
C2 noun /ɪmˈprɑːvɪdəns/

improvidence

imprudencia
Meaning
Lack of foresight or care for future needs.
Example
His improvidence led to financial difficulties.
Su imprudencia lo llevó a dificultades financieras.
C1 noun /ɪnˈdjuːsmənt/

inducement

inducido
Meaning
something that persuades or encourages someone to do something
Example
The company offered a bonus as an inducement to employees.
La empresa ofreció un bono como incentivo para los empleados.
C1 verb /ɪnˈvɜːrt/

invert

invertir
Meaning
To turn something upside down or in the opposite position, order, or direction.
Example
He inverted the glass to let the water drain out.
Él invirtió el vaso para dejar que el agua se drenara.
B1 adjective /ɪmˈpres.ɪv/

Impressive

impresionante
Meaning
striking; remarkable; having the ability to impress
Example
Her impressive performance earned her a standing ovation.
Su impresionante actuación le valió una ovación de pie.
C2 adjective /ɪnˈfɜːrnəl/

infernal

infernal
Meaning
relating to hell; extremely troublesome or annoying
Example
The workers complained about the infernal noise from the construction site.
Los trabajadores se quejaron del ruido infernal proveniente del sitio de construcción.
B1 adjective /ˌɪnɪkˈspɛnsɪv/

Inexpensive

barato; accesible; económico
Meaning
not costing a lot of money; affordable; budget-friendly
Example
This restaurant offers delicious and inexpensive meals for students.
Este restaurante ofrece comidas deliciosas y baratas para estudiantes.
C1 adjective /ɪmˈpjʊər/

Impure

impuro
Meaning
contaminated; not clean; mixed with foreign substances
Example
The impure water caused health problems in the village.
El agua impura causó problemas de salud en el pueblo.
B2 noun /ɪnˈfek.ʃən/

Infection

infección
Meaning
the process of infecting or the state of being infected; a disease caused by germs
Example
The doctor prescribed antibiotics to treat the bacterial infection in her throat.
El doctor recetó antibióticos para tratar la infección bacteriana en su garganta.
B2 noun /ɪnˈdʒɛkʃən/

injection

inyección
Meaning
the act of introducing a substance into the body through a needle
Example
The nurse gave me an injection to prevent the infection.
La enfermera me dio una inyección para prevenir la infección.
C1 adjective ˌɪn.trəˈspek.tɪv

introspective

introspectivo
Meaning
Characterized by or given to introspection; examining one's own thoughts and feelings.
Example
Writers tend to be highly introspective individuals.
Los escritores tienden a ser individuos altamente introspectivos.
A1 noun /aɪˈdiː.ə/

Idea

idea; concepto; sugerencia
Meaning
a thought or suggestion as to a possible course of action; a concept or mental impression
Example
She had a brilliant idea for solving the company's efficiency problem.
Ella tenía una idea brillante para resolver el problema de eficiencia de la empresa.
C2 noun /ˈɪŋkjʊbəs/

incubus

espíritu maligno
Meaning
An oppressive or nightmarish burden; in folklore, an evil spirit that lies upon sleeping people.
Example
Debt became an incubus that weighed heavily on the family.
La deuda se convirtió en un espíritu maligno que pesaba mucho sobre la familia.
B2 adjective /ɪnˈsɛnsətɪv/

insensitive

insensible
Meaning
Showing or feeling no concern for others' feelings.
Example
His insensitive comment hurt her deeply.
Su comentario insensible la lastimó profundamente.
C1 adjective /ˌɪnkənˈsiːvəbl̩/

inconceivable

inconcebible
Meaning
Impossible to imagine or believe; beyond comprehension.
Example
It seemed inconceivable that she could finish the marathon after such little training.
Parecía inconcebible que ella pudiera terminar el maratón después de tan poco entrenamiento.
C1 adjective /ˌɪn.dɪˈspen.sə.bəl/

indispensable

indispensable
Meaning
Absolutely necessary, essential
Example
Water is indispensable for human survival.
El agua es indispensable para la supervivencia humana.
C1 noun/verb /ˈɪnsɛns/

incense

incienso / enfurecer
Meaning
a substance burned for its sweet smell (noun); to make very angry (verb)
Example
The smell of incense filled the temple, but his rude words incensed her.
El olor del incienso llenó el templo, pero sus palabras groseras la enfurecieron.
C2 noun /ˈɪntəˌkrɒpɪŋ/

intercropping

cultivo intercalado
Meaning
The agricultural practice of cultivating two or more crops simultaneously in the same field to maximize land use efficiency and improve soil health.
Example
Intercropping can help improve soil fertility and pest control.
El cultivo intercalado puede ayudar a mejorar la fertilidad del suelo y el control de plagas.
C2 adjective /ɪˈnɪkwɪtəs/

iniquitous

iniquo
Meaning
grossly unfair and morally wrong
Example
Slavery was one of the most iniquitous practices in history.
La esclavitud fue una de las prácticas más iniquas de la historia.
C2 noun /ɪnˈtɛɡ.jʊ.mənt/

integument

cobertura externa
Meaning
A natural outer covering, such as skin, shell, or rind.
Example
The snake sheds its integument as it grows.
La serpiente pierde su cobertura externa a medida que crece.
B2 adjective /aɪˈdentɪkəl/

Identical

idéntico; exactamente igual
Meaning
exactly the same; not different in any way
Example
The twins look completely identical to each other.
Los gemelos se ven completamente idénticos entre sí.
C1 verb /ɪnˈfrɪndʒ/

infringe

infringir
Meaning
To actively break the terms of a law, agreement, or right.
Example
Copying this software without permission will infringe copyright laws.
Copiar este software sin permiso infringirá las leyes de derechos de autor.
C1 adjective ɪnˈdel.ə.bəl

indelible

indeleble
Meaning
Making marks that cannot be removed; impossible to forget or remove.
Example
Her speech left an indelible mark on the audience.
Su discurso dejó una marca indeleble en la audiencia.
C1 adjective ˌɪn.təˈdɪs.ɪ.plɪ.nər.i

interdisciplinary

interdisciplinario
Meaning
Relating to more than one branch of knowledge.
Example
The interdisciplinary approach in education enhances problem-solving skills.
El enfoque interdisciplinario en la educación mejora las habilidades para resolver problemas.
C1 noun /ˌɪmpɔːrˈteɪʃən/

importation

importación
Meaning
The act of bringing goods or services into a country from abroad
Example
The importation of luxury goods is strictly regulated.
La importación de productos de lujo está estrictamente regulada.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈsɪstənt/

insistent

insistente
Meaning
demanding something firmly and refusing to accept no
Example
The child was insistent on getting a new toy.
El niño era insistente en conseguir un nuevo juguete.
C1 adjective ɪnˈkʌm.bənt

incumbent

obligatorio
Meaning
necessary for (someone) as a duty or responsibility.
Example
It is incumbent upon all citizens to obey the law.
Es obligatorio para todos los ciudadanos obedecer la ley.
C2 adjective /ɪnˈɡlɔːriəs/

inglorious

deshonroso
Meaning
Causing shame or disgrace; not bringing honor or glory.
Example
The army suffered an inglorious defeat.
El ejército sufrió una derrota deshonrosa.
A2 noun /ˈaɪtəm/

item

artículo
Meaning
A single thing, object, or unit, often part of a list or collection.
Example
Each item on the list must be checked carefully.
Cada artículo en la lista debe ser revisado cuidadosamente.
C1 noun /ˌɪməˈtjʊərəti/

immaturity

inmadurez
Meaning
the state of not being fully developed emotionally, mentally, or physically; lack of maturity
Example
His immaturity made it difficult for him to handle responsibility.
Su inmadurez le dificultó manejar la responsabilidad.
C2 adjective /ˌɪntərˈniːsaɪn/

internecine

conflicto interno
Meaning
Relating to conflict within a group, often causing mutual destruction.
Example
The internecine conflict weakened the organization from within.
El conflicto interno debilitó la organización desde dentro
B2 noun ɪˈmjuː.nɪ.ti

immunity

inmunidad
Meaning
The ability of an organism to resist a particular infection or toxin by the action of specific antibodies.
Example
A strong immunity protects against infections.
Una fuerte inmunidad protege contra infecciones.
C2 adjective /ɪˈmɒdərət/

immoderate

excesivo
Meaning
excessive; beyond reasonable limits
Example
He has an immoderate love for sweets.
Él tiene un amor excesivo por los dulces.
B2 adjective ɪnˈev.ɪ.tə.bəl

inevitable

inevitable
Meaning
Certain to happen; unavoidable.
Example
Death is an inevitable part of life.
La muerte es una parte inevitable de la vida.
C2 adjective /ɪnˈdʒɛnjuəs/

ingenuous

ingenuo
Meaning
Innocent, naive, and unsuspecting; showing childlike simplicity and sincerity.
Example
Her ingenuous smile revealed her genuine kindness.
Su sonrisa ingenua reveló su genuina amabilidad.
B2 adjective /ˈɪn.tɪ.mət/

Intimate

íntimo; cercano; privado
Meaning
close in friendship; private and personal; detailed knowledge
Example
They have an intimate friendship that has lasted for decades.
Ellos tienen una amistad íntima que ha durado décadas.
B1 verb /ɪmˈprɛs/

impress

impresionar
Meaning
to cause someone to feel admiration or respect
Example
Her speech managed to impress the audience.
Su discurso logró impresionar a la audiencia.
C2 noun /ɪnˈfrækʃən/

infraction

infracción
Meaning
A violation or breach of a rule, law, or agreement.
Example
The student was punished for a minor infraction of the school rules.
El estudiante fue castigado por una infracción menor de las reglas escolares.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈtjuː.ɪ.tɪv/

intuitive

intuitivo
Meaning
Based on instinctive understanding rather than reasoning.
Example
The software has an intuitive design that makes it easy to use.
El software tiene un diseño intuitivo que lo hace fácil de usar.
A2 noun /ˈɪnfoʊ/

info

información
Meaning
information; knowledge or facts about something or someone
Example
She gave me all the info I needed for the meeting.
Ella me dio toda la información que necesitaba para la reunión.