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B1 verb /ɪnˈkriːst/

increased

aumentado
Meaning
became greater in size, amount, or degree
Example
The company's revenue increased last year.
Los ingresos de la compañía aumentaron el año pasado.
B1 noun /bʌn/

Bun

panecillo
Meaning
a small round bread roll, often sweet
Example
I bought fresh buns from the bakery this morning.
Compré panes frescos de la panadería esta mañana.
C1 noun ˌɒk.sɪˈdeɪ.ʃən

oxidation

oxidación
Meaning
A chemical reaction that involves the combination of a substance with oxygen, often causing deterioration.
Example
Oxidation causes metal surfaces to weaken.
La oxidación debilita las superficies metálicas.
C1 verb /ˈɛnərˌdʒaɪz/

energize

energizar
Meaning
To give energy or vitality to something or someone.
Example
The motivational speech helped energize the team.
El discurso motivacional ayudó a energizar al equipo.
B1 noun /fɔːlt/

Fault

culpa; error; defecto
Meaning
an unattractive or unsatisfactory feature; responsibility for an accident or misfortune
Example
The accident was caused by a fault in the car's braking system.
El accidente fue causado por un fallo en el sistema de frenos del coche.
C1 adjective /ˈsɛnʃənt/

sentient

sensible
Meaning
Able to perceive or feel things.
Example
Humans are sentient beings capable of reasoning.
Los humanos son seres sentientes capaces de razonar.
C1 adjective /ˈræspi/

raspy

áspero
Meaning
having a harsh, rough, or grating sound
Example
His raspy voice revealed years of smoking.
Su voz áspera reveló años de fumar.
C2 noun /ˈkɜːrtʃɪf/

kerchief

pañuelo
Meaning
a piece of cloth worn around the head or neck
Example
She wore a red kerchief on her head.
Ella llevaba un pañuelo rojo en la cabeza.
A2 noun /kənˌɡrætʃ.əˈleɪ.ʃənz/

Congratulations

felicitaciones
Meaning
words expressing praise for an achievement or good wishes on a special occasion
Example
Congratulations on your promotion! You really deserved this success.
¡Felicitaciones por tu ascenso! Realmente te merecías este éxito.
A1 interjection /baɪ/

bye

adiós
Meaning
used to say goodbye; a short and informal farewell
Example
I said bye to her before leaving.
Le dije adiós antes de irme.
C2 adjective /roʊn/

roan

roano
Meaning
denoting an animal, especially a horse, having a coat of mixed colors, typically reddish-brown and white
Example
The rider mounted a roan horse with a speckled coat.
El jinete montó un caballo roano con un pelaje moteado.
C1 noun /ˈbeɪ.zəl siːdz/

Basil Seeds

semillas de albahaca
Meaning
small black seeds from the basil plant, often used in drinks and desserts
Example
I added basil seeds to my lemonade for a refreshing drink.
Añadí semillas de albahaca a mi limonada para una bebida refrescante.
B1 adverb /ˈdiːp.li/

Deeply

profundamente; intensamente; profundamente
Meaning
to a great depth; intensely; profoundly
Example
She breathed deeply before making her decision.
Ella respiró profundamente antes de tomar su decisión.
C1 adjective /ˈbʊkɪʃ/

Bookish

estudioso; académico
Meaning
studious; scholarly; devoted to reading and studying
Example
She was known for her bookish nature and love of literature.
Ella era conocida por su naturaleza estudiosa y amor por la literatura.
C1 noun ˌmɪtɪˈɡeɪʃən ˈstrætədʒiz

mitigation strategies

estrategias de mitigación
Meaning
Plans and actions designed to reduce the severity or impact of problems or risks.
Example
Governments must adopt mitigation strategies for climate change.
Los gobiernos deben adoptar estrategias de mitigación para el cambio climático.
B1 adverb /ˈlɑːrdʒli/

largely

principalmente
Meaning
to a great extent; mostly or mainly
Example
The success of the project was largely due to teamwork.
El éxito del proyecto fue principalmente debido al trabajo en equipo.
B1 noun /ˈpɔːrʃən/

portion

porción
Meaning
A part or share of something.
Example
She ate only a small portion of the meal.
Ella comió solo una pequeña porción de la comida.
C1 noun /ˌfɜːrmənˈteɪʃən/

fermentation

fermentación, cambio químico por levaduras o bacterias
Meaning
a chemical process by which substances like sugar are converted into alcohol or acids using microorganisms
Example
The fermentation of grapes produces wine.
La fermentación de uvas produce vino.
B2 noun /ˈdeɪ.tə briːtʃ/

data breach

violación de datos
Meaning
Unauthorized disclosure of sensitive information through security violation
Example
A data breach exposed millions of users' passwords.
Una violación de datos expuso las contraseñas de millones de usuarios.
C2 noun /kænˈtoʊnmənt/

Cantonment

cuartel militar
Meaning
a military base or permanent military station
Example
The soldiers lived in the cantonment outside the city.
Los soldados vivieron en el cuartel militar fuera de la ciudad.
B2 adjective /ɪˈreɡjələr/

irregular

irregular
Meaning
not even or consistent in shape, pattern, time, or behavior; not following normal rules
Example
His attendance at work has been irregular this month.
Su asistencia al trabajo ha sido irregular este mes.
B2 adjective ˌrev.əˈluː.ʃən.ər.i

revolutionary

revolucionario
Meaning
Involving or causing a complete or dramatic change.
Example
Revolutionary ideas are reshaping the industry.
Las ideas revolucionarias están transformando la industria.
B2 noun /ˌriːprəˈdʌkʃən/

reproduction

reproducción, reproducción
Meaning
The process of producing offspring; the act of copying or duplicating.
Example
The textbook included a detailed diagram of human reproduction.
El libro de texto incluía un diagrama detallado de la reproducción humana.
C2 noun /kəˈmɛstɪbəl/

comestible

comestible
Meaning
An item of food that can be eaten.
Example
The picnic basket was full of delicious comestibles.
La canasta de picnic estaba llena de deliciosos comestibles.
B2 verb /ɪmˈplaɪ/

imply

implicar
Meaning
To suggest something without directly stating it.
Example
Her tone seemed to imply that she was upset.
Su tono parecía implicar que estaba molesta.
C2 noun /reɪθ/

wraith

espectro
Meaning
A ghost or ghostlike image of someone, especially seen shortly before or after their death.
Example
A wraith appeared in the fog near the old castle.
Un espectro apareció en la niebla cerca del viejo castillo.
B2 adjective /ˈluː.nər/

Lunar

lunar
Meaning
relating to the moon; of or concerning the moon
Example
The lunar eclipse was visible last night.
El eclipse lunar fue visible anoche.
A2 noun /ˈdrɔːər/

drawer

cajón
Meaning
a box-shaped storage compartment that slides in and out of furniture
Example
She kept her jewelry in the top drawer of the dresser.
Ella guardó sus joyas en el cajón superior de la cómoda.
B1 noun /ˈpæk.ɪt/

packet

paquete
Meaning
a small package or container holding items or information
Example
He bought a packet of biscuits from the shop.
Compró un paquete de galletas en la tienda.
B2 verb prəˈlɔŋd

prolonged

prolongado
Meaning
Extended in duration; made to last longer than usual.
Example
Modern medicine has prolonged life expectancy.
La medicina moderna ha prolongado la esperanza de vida.
C1 noun /ˌdɛfəˈmeɪʃən/

defamation

difamación
Meaning
the act of damaging someone's reputation by making false statements
Example
The newspaper was sued for defamation of character.
El periódico fue demandado por difamación.
B2 noun /ˌɪntəˈrʌpʃən/

interruption

interrupción
Meaning
the act of stopping or breaking the continuity of something; a pause caused by an external action
Example
The meeting was delayed due to an unexpected interruption.
La reunión se retrasó por una interrupción inesperada.
B2 adjective /ˌʌndɪˈveləpt/

Undeveloped

no desarrollado; inmaduro; primitivo
Meaning
not yet developed; immature or primitive
Example
The undeveloped land was later turned into a park.
La tierra no desarrollada fue luego convertida en un parque.
C2 noun /ˌrækənˈtɜːr/

Raconteur

felicidad
Meaning
a person who tells anecdotes in a skillful and amusing way
Example
The old man was a gifted raconteur who entertained everyone with his stories.
Ella no pudo ocultar su felicidad cuando recibió el premio.
C1 noun /ruːz/

Ruse

artimaña; truco
Meaning
an action intended to deceive someone; a trick or stratagem
Example
The thief used a clever ruse to distract the guard.
El ladrón usó una artimaña astuta para distraer al guardia.
C1 noun /kɑːrˈtɒɡrəfər/

cartographer

cartógrafo
Meaning
A person who makes maps.
Example
The cartographer carefully drew the map of the new territory.
El cartógrafo dibujó cuidadosamente el mapa del nuevo territorio.
C1 noun /əˈrɪs.tə.kræt/

Aristocrat

aristócrata; persona de nobleza
Meaning
a member of the aristocracy; a person of noble rank or birth
Example
The aristocrat lived in a magnificent castle.
El aristócrata vivía en un castillo magnífico.
C1 adverb /ˈleŋθ.waɪz/

Lengthwise

a lo largo; en la dirección más larga
Meaning
in the direction of the length; along the longest dimension
Example
Fold the paper lengthwise to make it easier to carry.
Dobla el papel a lo largo para que sea más fácil de llevar.
B2 noun ˈhoʊmˌskuː.lɪŋ

homeschooling

escuela en casa
Meaning
The practice of educating children at home rather than sending them to a school.
Example
Homeschooling allows parents to tailor education to their child's needs.
La educación en casa permite a los padres adaptar la educación a las necesidades de su hijo.
C1 noun /ˈæd.və.ser.i/

adversary

adversario
Meaning
One's opponent in a contest, conflict, or dispute.
Example
The boxer faced a strong adversary in the ring.
El boxeador enfrentó a un fuerte adversario en el ring.
B2 noun, verb /ɪntʃ/

inch

pulgada / moverse lentamente
Meaning
A unit of length equal to 2.54 centimeters; or to move slowly and carefully in small amounts.
Example
She inched closer to the edge of the stage.
Ella se acercó lentamente al borde del escenario.
B1 noun /kənˈsjuːmər/

consumer

consumidor
Meaning
A person who buys and uses goods and services.
Example
The company focuses on understanding consumer needs.
La empresa se centra en comprender las necesidades de los consumidores.
A2 verb /əˈplaɪ/

apply

aplicar / solicitar
Meaning
to make a formal request for something; to put into practice
Example
He decided to apply for the scholarship.
Él decidió solicitar la beca.
C1 noun /ˌdʒuː.bɪˈleɪ.ʃən/

jubilation

jubileo
Meaning
a feeling or expression of great happiness and triumph
Example
There was jubilation in the streets after the victory.
Hubo jubileo en las calles después de la victoria.
C1 adjective /ˈɪmpjəd(ə)nt/

impudent

descarado, insolente
Meaning
not showing due respect for another person; rude
Example
The impudent child talked back to the teacher.
El niño descarado le contestó al maestro.
C2 noun /ˈɛnsaɪn/

ensign

bandera
Meaning
A flag or standard, especially a military or naval one indicating nationality; also a junior officer in the navy or coast guard.
Example
The ship raised its national ensign before leaving the harbor.
El barco izó su bandera nacional antes de salir del puerto.
B2 adjective /ˈɑːrbɪˌtrɛri/

arbitrary

arbitrario
Meaning
based on random choice or personal whim, rather than reason or system
Example
The teacher's arbitrary grading upset many students.
La calificación arbitraria del profesor molestó a muchos estudiantes.
A1 noun /raɪs/

Rice

arroz
Meaning
a cereal grain that is a staple food in many countries
Example
We eat rice with curry for dinner.
Comemos arroz con curry para la cena.
B2 verb /ɪnˈteɪl/

entail

implicar
Meaning
to involve something as a necessary or inevitable part or consequence
Example
The job will entail a lot of travel across the country.
El trabajo implicará mucho viaje por el país.
B1 verb /ˈθretən/

threaten

amenazar
Meaning
to express an intention to harm or punish someone; to be likely to cause harm
Example
The storm clouds threaten to bring heavy rain tonight.
Las nubes de tormenta amenazan con traer lluvias fuertes esta noche.
A1 pronoun /ˈʌðərz/

others

otros
Meaning
people or things distinct from the ones already mentioned or known
Example
I like to spend time with others.
Me gusta pasar tiempo con otros.
C1 verb /ɪkˈstɔːrt/

extort

extorsionar
Meaning
to obtain something, especially money, by force, threats, or unfair means
Example
The gang attempted to extort money from local shopkeepers.
La pandilla intentó extorsionar dinero a los tenderos locales.
C1 adjective, verb (past tense/participle of mire) /ˈmaɪərd/

mired

atrapado
Meaning
Trapped or entangled in something, typically a difficult situation.
Example
The politician was mired in scandal.
El político estaba atrapado en un escándalo.
B1 adverb /ˈrel.ə.tɪv.li/

Relatively

relativamente
Meaning
in comparison to something else; quite; fairly
Example
The weather is relatively warm today.
El clima está relativamente cálido hoy.
B2 noun /diˈoʊ.dər.ənt/

Deodorant

desodorante
Meaning
a substance that removes or conceals unpleasant smells, especially bodily odors
Example
She applied deodorant before going to the gym to stay fresh during workout.
Ella se aplicó desodorante antes de ir al gimnasio para mantenerse fresca durante el entrenamiento.
C2 verb /məʊlt/

molt

desprender plumas
Meaning
To shed old feathers, skin, or hair to make way for new growth.
Example
Birds molt their feathers once a year.
Los pájaros mudan sus plumas una vez al año.
C1 adjective /ˈbrɪslɪŋ/

bristling

erizado; lleno de energía
Meaning
full of energy, anger, or excitement; showing bristles standing up
Example
He entered the room bristling with confidence.
Entró en la habitación lleno de confianza.
C2 noun /ˌθiːəˈloʊdʒən/

theologian

teólogo
Meaning
A person who studies or is an expert in theology.
Example
Theologians often debate complex questions of faith and morality.
Los teólogos a menudo debaten sobre preguntas complejas de fe y moralidad.
A2 adverb /pəˈhæps/

Perhaps

tal vez; quizás
Meaning
possibly; maybe; used to express uncertainty or make a suggestion
Example
Perhaps we should call before visiting to make sure they're home.
Tal vez deberíamos llamar antes de visitar para asegurarnos de que estén en casa.
C2 verb /ˈdʒɜːrnəlaɪz/

journalize

registrar en un diario
Meaning
to record daily transactions or events in a journal, especially in accounting
Example
The accountant will journalize all financial transactions at the end of the day.
El contador registrará todas las transacciones financieras al final del día.
A2 verb /roʊl/

roll

rodar
Meaning
to move by turning over and over on an axis
Example
She rolled the ball down the hill.
Ella hizo rodar la pelota cuesta abajo.
A1 verb /ˈkæri/

carry

llevar
Meaning
To support and move something or someone from one place to another.
Example
She carried the bag across the street.
Ella llevó la bolsa al otro lado de la calle.
B2 noun/verb /ˈbrækɪt/

bracket

soporte metálico
Meaning
A support attached to a wall for holding something; also, to group things together.
Example
The shelf was held up by a strong metal bracket.
La estantería estaba sujeta por un fuerte soporte metálico.
C1 adjective /ˈmaɪ.ɡrə.tɔːr.i/

Migratory

migratorio
Meaning
moving from one place to another; characterized by seasonal movement
Example
Many birds are migratory and travel thousands of miles each season.
Muchos pájaros son migratorios y viajan miles de millas cada temporada.
B2 verb /kənˈfes/

confess

confesar
Meaning
to admit guilt or wrongdoing; to acknowledge
Example
He confessed his mistake to his teacher.
Él confesó su error a su maestro.
C1 verb /diːˈhaɪdreɪt/

dehydrate

deshidratar
Meaning
to remove water from something; to lose water or body fluids
Example
Running in the heat can quickly dehydrate you.
Correr en el calor puede deshidratarte rápidamente.
C1 noun /ˈsed.ɪ.mənt/

Sediment

sedimento
Meaning
matter that settles to the bottom of a liquid; particles deposited by water or wind
Example
The river carried sediment downstream during the flood.
El río llevó sedimento río abajo durante la inundación.
C2 adjective /ˌpɑːrsɪˈmoʊniəs/

parsimonious

tacaño
Meaning
unwilling to spend money or use resources; stingy
Example
The company was too parsimonious to invest in better equipment.
La empresa era demasiado tacaña para invertir en mejores equipos.
B1 noun əˈses.mənt

assessment

evaluación
Meaning
The evaluation or estimation of the nature, quality, or ability of someone or something.
Example
The assessment process ensures fairness.
El proceso de evaluación garantiza la imparcialidad.
B2 adverb /ˈpraɪ.vət.li/

Privately

en privado; de manera confidencial
Meaning
in a private manner; without others present; confidentially
Example
She spoke to him privately about the matter.
Ella habló con él en privado sobre el asunto.
B2 noun /ˈfɪlmˌmeɪkər/

film-maker

cineasta
Meaning
A person who directs or produces films
Example
The film-maker received an award for his latest documentary.
El cineasta recibió un premio por su último documental.
B2 noun /ˈænθəm/

anthem

himno
Meaning
A song that is identified with a particular group, movement, or nation, often expressing pride or unity.
Example
The national anthem was played before the football match.
El himno nacional se tocó antes del partido de fútbol.
C2 adjective /ˌɪndaɪˈdʒestəbəl/

Indigestible

indigerible; difícil de digerir
Meaning
difficult or impossible to digest; hard to process in the stomach
Example
The old bread became hard and indigestible.
El pan viejo se volvió duro e indigesto.
B1 noun /ˈdʒʌdʒ.mənt/

Judgement

juicio; decisión
Meaning
the ability to make considered decisions or form sensible opinions; an official decision made by a judge or court
Example
The jury's judgement was based on careful consideration of all the facts.
El juicio del jurado se basó en una cuidadosa consideración de todos los hechos.
B2 verb /reɪl/

rail

quejarse
Meaning
to complain or protest strongly about something
Example
He railed against the unfair decision.
Él se quejó contra la decisión injusta.
C1 noun /ɑːˌtɪkjʊˈleɪʃən/

articulation

expresión
Meaning
The action of putting into words an idea or feeling of a specified type.
Example
His articulation during the debate impressed everyone.
Su articulación durante el debate impresionó a todos.
B2 noun /ɪkˈspəʊʒər/

exposure

exposición
Meaning
the state of being exposed to contact with something, especially harmful
Example
Prolonged exposure to the sun can damage your skin.
La exposición prolongada al sol puede dañar tu piel.
C1 adjective əˈblɪv.i.əs

oblivious

despreocupado
Meaning
Being completely unaware of surrounding events.
Example
He was oblivious to the noise around him while reading.
Él no se dio cuenta del ruido a su alrededor mientras leía.
B2 noun ˌel.ɪ.dʒəˈbɪl.ə.ti

eligibility

eligibilidad
Meaning
The state of having the right to do or obtain something through satisfaction of the appropriate conditions.
Example
Eligibility criteria maintain fairness.
Los criterios de elegibilidad mantienen la equidad.
B2 noun /ˈkɒl.ər/

Collar

collar
Meaning
a band of material around the neck; in jewelry context, a close-fitting necklace
Example
She wore an elegant pearl collar to the formal dinner.
Ella llevaba un elegante collar de perlas a la cena formal.
C1 noun /mɪkst ɪˈkɒn.ə.mi/

mixed economy

economía mixta
Meaning
An economic system where both government and private sector operate together.
Example
Most countries today follow a mixed economy model.
Hoy en día, la mayoría de los países siguen un modelo de economía mixta.
B1 noun /ˈvoʊtɪŋ/

voting

votación
Meaning
the act of making a choice in an election or decision by casting a vote
Example
Voting is an important part of a democratic society.
La votación es una parte importante de una sociedad democrática.
B2 verb /pəˈtroʊl/

patrol

patrullar
Meaning
to move around an area to watch or guard it
Example
The police patrol the streets at night to ensure safety.
La policía patrulla las calles por la noche para garantizar la seguridad.
A2 noun /kɔːrs/

course

curso, trayecto o conjunto de lecciones educativas
Meaning
a direction, path, or a set of educational lessons
Example
She enrolled in a computer science course.
Ella se inscribió en un curso de ciencias de la computación.
C1 verb /ˈɪnkjʊˌbeɪt/

incubate

incubar
Meaning
to keep eggs, cells, or organisms at the right conditions for development
Example
The hen will incubate the eggs until they hatch.
La gallina incubará los huevos hasta que eclosionen.
B1 noun /fɒɡ/

Fog

niebla
Meaning
a thick cloud of tiny water droplets suspended in the atmosphere at or near the earth's surface that reduces visibility
Example
Dense fog covered the highway this morning.
La densa niebla cubrió la carretera esta mañana.
C2 noun /ˈzɛfər/

zephyr

brisa suave
Meaning
A soft gentle breeze.
Example
A warm zephyr blew through the valley.
Una cálida brisa suave soplaba a través del valle.
C1 noun /ˈpoʊlstər/

pollster

encuestador
Meaning
a person or organization that conducts surveys to gauge public opinion
Example
The pollster predicted a close election outcome.
El encuestador predijo un resultado electoral reñido.
B1 noun /rɪˈsep.ʃən/

Reception

recepción; recepción formal; bienvenida;
Meaning
the action of receiving something or someone; a formal social occasion held to welcome someone
Example
The wedding reception was held at a beautiful hotel.
La recepción de la boda se celebró en un hermoso hotel.
C2 noun /ˈfuːləri/

foolery

necedad
Meaning
Silly or foolish behavior or actions.
Example
His constant foolery made the meeting hard to take seriously.
Su constante necedad hizo que la reunión fuera difícil de tomar en serio.
C1 noun /ˈreɪ.vən/

Raven

cuervo
Meaning
a large, black bird with a thick bill and harsh croaking voice
Example
The raven perched on the old oak tree and cawed loudly.
El cuervo se posó en el viejo roble y graznó fuerte.
B2 noun /ˈlɪvər/

liver

hígado
Meaning
a large organ in the body that cleans the blood and produces bile to help digest food.
Example
The liver plays a vital role in removing toxins from the body.
El hígado juega un papel vital en la eliminación de toxinas del cuerpo.
C1 adjective /sɪˈmɛtrɪkəl/

symmetrical

simétrico
Meaning
having parts on either side that match or are the same in shape, size, or arrangement
Example
The artist designed a symmetrical pattern on the floor.
El artista diseñó un patrón simétrico en el suelo.
C2 noun (plural) /ˈɔːrdʒiːz/

orgies

orgías
Meaning
Wild gatherings involving excessive indulgence in food, drink, or sexual activity.
Example
The ancient Romans were infamous for their lavish feasts and orgies.
Los antiguos romanos eran infames por sus banquetes lujosos y orgías.
A2 noun ˈmuːv.mənts

movements

movimientos
Meaning
Organized efforts by groups of people working together to advance their shared political, social, or artistic ideas.
Example
Freedom movements paved the way for independence.
Los movimientos de libertad abrieron el camino hacia la independencia.
C1 noun /kənˈsɜːvəˌtɪzəm/

conservatism

conservadurismo
Meaning
A political or social philosophy promoting traditional institutions and resistance to change.
Example
Conservatism values tradition and gradual development.
El conservadurismo valora la tradición y el desarrollo gradual.
B1 noun /sɛks/

sex

sexo
Meaning
the biological distinction between male and female; sexual activity
Example
He was asked about his sex at the doctor's office.
Se le preguntó sobre su sexo en el consultorio del médico.
C1 adjective /ˈsek.j ə.l ər/

Secular

laico
Meaning
not connected with religious or spiritual matters; worldly
Example
The country maintains a secular government that separates religion from politics.
El país mantiene un gobierno secular que separa la religión de la política.
B2 noun pɑrˈtɪʃən

partition

partición
Meaning
The action of dividing or being divided into parts; separation.
Example
Partition caused unrest.
La partición causó disturbios.
B2 adjective /kɔːrs/

coarse

áspero, rugoso
Meaning
Rough in texture or manner; not smooth or refined.
Example
The fabric felt coarse to the touch.
El tejido se sentía áspero al tacto.
B2 noun /ˌkɒndɛnˈseɪʃən/

condensation

condensación
Meaning
The process of water vapor changing into liquid; also, the act of making something more concise.
Example
Condensation formed on the windows during the cold night.
Se formó condensación en las ventanas durante la fría noche.
B2 adjective /dɛns/

dense

denso
Meaning
Closely compacted in substance; having parts crowded together.
Example
The forest was so dense that little sunlight reached the ground.
El bosque estaba tan denso que la poca luz del sol no llegaba al suelo.
C2 noun /kɪˈrɒpədɪst/

chiropodist

podólogo
Meaning
A healthcare professional who diagnoses and treats foot problems.
Example
The chiropodist treated her painful corns and calluses.
El podólogo trató sus dolorosos juanetes y callosidades.
A2 noun /ɡəʊlz/

goals

metas
Meaning
Objectives or targets that someone aims to achieve.
Example
Achieving development goals requires cooperation.
Lograr los objetivos de desarrollo requiere cooperación.
C1 noun /ˈblʌdˌbæθ/

bloodbath

baño de sangre
Meaning
an event in which a lot of people are killed or injured, especially in a violent conflict
Example
The war turned into a bloody bloodbath.
La guerra se convirtió en un baño de sangre.
C2 noun /ˈvoʊkəbəl/

vocable

vocablo
Meaning
a word, term, or sound that has meaning
Example
The dictionary contained thousands of vocables from different languages.
El diccionario contenía miles de vocablos de diferentes lenguas.
C2 noun /ˈɪnˌɡreɪt/

ingrate

ingrato
Meaning
An ungrateful person; someone who shows no appreciation.
Example
He worked hard for his friend, but the ingrate never thanked him.
Trabajó duro para su amigo, pero el ingrato nunca le dio las gracias.
C2 adjective /ˈbreɪsɪŋ/

bracing

refrescante
Meaning
Invigorating, refreshing, or providing strength and energy.
Example
The hikers enjoyed the bracing mountain air.
Los excursionistas disfrutaron del aire refrescante de la montaña.
C1 verb /daʊs/

douse

apagar / verter
Meaning
to pour liquid over; to extinguish a fire or light
Example
Firefighters doused the flames with water.
Los bomberos apagaron las llamas con agua.
A1 adjective, adverb, pronoun /moʊst/

most

la mayoría
Meaning
the greatest in amount, degree, or number
Example
Most people like to relax on weekends.
La mayoría de las personas prefieren relajarse los fines de semana.
B2 noun ɪˈmɪʃ.ən

emission

emisión
Meaning
The release or discharge of gases, particles, or other substances into the environment.
Example
Car manufacturers are reducing carbon emissions.
Los fabricantes de automóviles están reduciendo las emisiones de carbono.
C1 verb /fɔːˈbɛər/

forbear

abstenerse
Meaning
To refrain from doing something; to show patience or self-control.
Example
She forbore from commenting on his mistake.
Ella se abstuvo de comentar sobre su error.
A2 verb /ɪnˈvaɪt/

invite

invitar
Meaning
to ask someone to come to an event or to do something
Example
We should invite all our friends to the party.
Deberíamos invitar a todos nuestros amigos a la fiesta.
B2 adjective /ˈmjuːtʃuəl/

Mutual

mutuo
Meaning
shared by two or more parties; reciprocal
Example
They have a mutual respect for each other.
Ellos tienen un respeto mutuo el uno por el otro.
C2 noun /ˈbed.ləm/

Bedlam

caos; confusión ruidosa
Meaning
a scene of noisy confusion; chaos and disorder
Example
The classroom was complete bedlam after the fire alarm.
El salón de clases estaba completamente caótico después de la alarma de incendios.
C1 adjective prɪˈkeə.ri.əs

precarious

peligroso
Meaning
Not securely held or in position; dependent on chance; uncertain.
Example
His financial situation is precarious.
Su situación financiera es peligrosa.
A1 noun /hæt/

Hat

sombrero
Meaning
a covering for the head, typically with a brim and worn outdoors
Example
He always wears a hat when working in the garden.
Él siempre usa un sombrero cuando trabaja en el jardín.
C1 noun /ˈtæntrəm/

tantrum

berrinche
Meaning
An uncontrolled outburst of anger and frustration, typically in a young child.
Example
The child threw a tantrum when he didn’t get the toy.
El niño hizo un berrinche cuando no consiguió el juguete.
A1 noun/adjective /saʊθ/

south

sur
Meaning
the direction towards the bottom of a map, opposite to north
Example
The sun rises in the east and sets in the south.
El sol sale por el este y se pone por el sur.
C2 noun /ˈfoʊ.li.oʊ/

folio

gran libro o manuscrito
Meaning
A sheet of paper folded once to form two leaves (four pages) of a book; also a term for a large book or manuscript.
Example
The library houses an ancient Shakespeare folio.
La biblioteca alberga un antiguo folio de Shakespeare.
C1 adjective ˌsəʊsɪəʊpəˈlɪtɪkəl

sociopolitical

sociopolítico
Meaning
Combining social and political factors.
Example
Sociopolitical factors often influence public policy decisions.
Los factores sociopolíticos a menudo influyen en las decisiones de políticas públicas.