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B2 adjective /ɪˈlɪt.ər.ət/

Illiterate

analfabeto; iletrado; ignorante
Meaning
unable to read or write; lacking education
Example
The program aims to help illiterate adults learn to read and write.
El programa tiene como objetivo ayudar a los adultos analfabetos a aprender a leer y escribir.
B1 adjective /rɪˈleɪ.tɪd/

Related

relacionado; vinculado
Meaning
connected; associated; having a connection or relationship
Example
These two problems are closely related to each other.
Estos dos problemas están estrechamente relacionados entre sí.
C1 noun səˈsteɪnəbəl ænd kəˈlæbərətɪv əˈproʊtʃ

sustainable and collaborative approach

enfoque sostenible y colaborativo
Meaning
A method of working together that can be maintained over time without depleting resources or causing harm.
Example
A sustainable and collaborative approach is crucial for solving environmental problems.
Un enfoque sostenible y colaborativo es crucial para resolver los problemas ambientales.
C2 adjective /ˌlɪlɪˈpjuːʃən/

lilliputian

muy pequeño
Meaning
Extremely small or tiny; trivial or petty.
Example
The model village was filled with lilliputian houses.
El pueblo modelo estaba lleno de casas muy pequeñas.
B1 noun /ˌɪntərˈækʃən/

interaction

interacción mutua
Meaning
The process of people or things acting upon or influencing each other.
Example
The teacher encouraged more interaction between students.
El maestro alentó más interacción entre los estudiantes.
C2 noun /ˈlɪmərɪk/

limerick

un poema humorístico de cinco versos
Meaning
a humorous five-line poem with a specific rhythm and rhyme scheme (AABBA).
Example
She recited a funny limerick at the party.
Ella recitó un limerick gracioso en la fiesta.
B2 noun /əˈsɛnt/

ascent

ascenso, elevación
Meaning
The act of rising or climbing to a higher position or level.
Example
The climbers began their ascent to the mountain peak at dawn.
Los alpinistas comenzaron su ascenso hacia la cima de la montaña al amanecer.
C2 noun /dɪˈsɛnʃən/

dissension

disensión
Meaning
Strong disagreement or difference of opinion, especially leading to discord within a group.
Example
The meeting ended in dissension among the committee members.
La reunión terminó en disensión entre los miembros del comité.
B2 noun /strɪp/

Strip

una tira larga y estrecha de tela, papel, plástico u otro material
Meaning
a long narrow piece of cloth, paper, plastic, or other material
Example
She tore a strip of paper from the notebook.
Ella arrancó una tira de papel del cuaderno.
B2 noun /ˈsɛsəmi sidz/

Sesame Seeds

semillas de sésamo
Meaning
small edible seeds from the sesame plant used in cooking and baking
Example
Sprinkle sesame seeds on top of the bread before baking.
Espolvorea semillas de sésamo sobre el pan antes de hornear.
C1 verb /dɪˈsɛləˌreɪt/

decelerate

desacelerar
Meaning
to reduce speed; to slow down
Example
The car began to decelerate as it approached the traffic light.
El coche comenzó a desacelerar al acercarse al semáforo.
C1 noun ˈfæl.ə.si

fallacy

falacia, error, razonamiento falso
Meaning
False belief, misconception, false reasoning.
Example
The idea that success comes easy is a fallacy.
La idea de que el éxito viene fácil es una falacia.
B2 adjective /ˈtæn.dʒɪ.bəl/

tangible

tangible
Meaning
Perceptible by touch; clear and definite; real.
Example
The benefits of exercise are tangible and measurable.
Los beneficios del ejercicio son tangibles y medibles.
A1 adjective /njuː/

new

nuevo
Meaning
recently made, discovered, or introduced; not existing before
Example
He bought a new car yesterday.
Él compró un coche nuevo ayer.
B2 noun /ˈsɪnθɪsɪs/

synthesis

síntesis, combinación
Meaning
The combination of ideas to form a theory or system.
Example
The synthesis of ideas from multiple perspectives led to innovation.
La síntesis de ideas desde múltiples perspectivas condujo a la innovación.
C1 adjective /ˈɔː.də.bəl/

Audible

audible
Meaning
able to be heard; loud enough to hear
Example
The speaker's voice was barely audible from the back of the large hall.
La voz del orador apenas era audible desde el fondo del gran salón.
C2 noun /ˈdʒɛntaɪl/

gentile

gentil
Meaning
A person who is not Jewish
Example
The synagogue welcomed both Jews and Gentiles.
La sinagoga acogió tanto a judíos como a gentiles.
C2 verb /dɪˈskraɪ/

descry

ver a lo lejos
Meaning
to catch sight of something, especially something distant or obscure
Example
From the hilltop, they descried a small village in the distance.
Desde la cima de la colina, vieron un pequeño pueblo en la distancia.
C1 verb /taʊt/

tout

promocionar
Meaning
to promote, praise, or advertise aggressively
Example
The company touted its new product as a game-changer.
La empresa promocionó su nuevo producto como un cambio de juego.
B1 verb /pɔːr/

pour

verter
Meaning
to flow or cause to flow in a steady stream; to rain heavily
Example
Please pour the water into the glass carefully.
Por favor vierte el agua en el vaso con cuidado.
C1 verb /ˈhæɡəl/

haggle

regatear
Meaning
to argue about the price; to bargain persistently
Example
They haggled over the price for an hour.
Estuvieron regateando el precio durante una hora.
C2 noun/adjective /ˈæl.əˌbæs.tər/

alabaster

alabastro (piedra blanca mineral)
Meaning
A fine-grained, usually white variety of gypsum, often used for carving; also describes something smooth and pale like alabaster.
Example
The statue was carved from pure alabaster.
La estatua fue esculpida en puro alabastro.
C1 noun /sɛkt/

sect

secta
Meaning
a subgroup of a larger religious or political group, often with differing beliefs
Example
The group split into different sects due to doctrinal differences.
El grupo se dividió en diferentes sectas debido a las diferencias doctrinales.
A2 adjective /ʌnˈhel.θi/

Unhealthy

insalubre; no saludable
Meaning
harmful to health; not in good health; detrimental to well-being
Example
Eating too much fast food is unhealthy for your body.
Comer demasiada comida rápida es insalubre para tu cuerpo.
B2 noun/adjective /ˈkæpɪtəlɪst/

capitalist

capitalista
Meaning
a person who supports or believes in capitalism; a wealthy business owner
Example
The capitalist believes in the freedom of the market.
El capitalista cree en la libertad del mercado.
A1 noun /ˈbɪldɪŋ/

building

edificio
Meaning
A structure with a roof and walls, such as a house, school, or office.
Example
The old building was renovated into a museum.
El viejo edificio fue renovado y convertido en un museo.
B1 adjective /ˈɪnəsənt/

Innocent

inocente; puro; inocuo
Meaning
free from guilt or sin; pure; harmless; naive
Example
The innocent child had no idea that her parents were planning a surprise party.
La niña inocente no tenía idea de que sus padres estaban planeando una fiesta sorpresa.
C2 adjective /ˌɛl.ɪˈmɑː.səˌnɛr.i/

eleemosynary

caritativo
Meaning
Relating to charity; dependent on or supported by charity.
Example
The hospital was founded as an eleemosynary institution.
El hospital fue fundado como una institución caritativa.
C1 adjective /ˌɪndɪˈstɪŋkt/

indistinct

indistinto
Meaning
Not clear or sharply defined; vague or blurred.
Example
The sound of voices was indistinct in the distance.
El sonido de las voces era indistinto a lo lejos.
B2 verb, noun, adjective /ˈɔːltərnət/ (adj, noun), /ˈɔːltərˌneɪt/ (verb)

alternate

alternar, alternativo
Meaning
to occur in turn repeatedly; to take turns; also, a substitute or replacement
Example
The students alternate between online and offline classes.
Los estudiantes alternan entre clases en línea y presenciales.
A1 noun /ʃɜːrt/

Shirt

camisa
Meaning
a piece of clothing worn on the upper body with sleeves and buttons
Example
He wore a white shirt to the office.
Él usó una camisa blanca para la oficina.
C1 adjective /ˈprɪvi/

privy

conocimiento secreto
Meaning
having access to secret or private knowledge
Example
She was privy to the confidential discussions.
Ella estaba al tanto de las discusiones confidenciales.
B2 adjective /ˈtʃuː.zi/

Choosey/Choosy

exigente; muy selectivo; particular sobre lo que le gusta o acepta
Meaning
very careful in choosing; selective; particular about what one likes or accepts
Example
He's very choosy about the restaurants where he eats.
Es muy exigente con los restaurantes donde come.
B2 noun /ɔːˈræŋ.ʊˌtæŋ/

Orang-Outang

orangután
Meaning
a large arboreal ape with long reddish hair, long arms, and hooked hands and feet, native to Borneo and Sumatra
Example
The orangutan swings gracefully through the forest canopy.
El orangután se balancea graciosamente a través del dosel del bosque.
B1 noun /ˈvæk.siːn/

Vaccine

vacuna
Meaning
a substance that is put into the body to prevent a disease
Example
The COVID-19 vaccine has helped reduce severe illness.
La vacuna contra el COVID-19 ha ayudado a reducir enfermedades graves.
C2 adjective /dɪsˈkɜrsɪv/

discursive

discursero
Meaning
Tending to digress or move from topic to topic; lengthy and rambling.
Example
His discursive style made the lecture hard to follow.
Su estilo discursivo hizo que la conferencia fuera difícil de seguir.
A2 noun /ˌʌndərˈstændɪŋ/

understanding

comprensión
Meaning
the ability to grasp the meaning, significance, or nature of something
Example
Her understanding of the issue was impressive.
Su comprensión del tema fue impresionante.
C2 noun /ˈaɪdlər/

idler

holgazán
Meaning
A person who avoids work or spends time lazily.
Example
He was known as an idler who wasted his days.
Él era conocido como un holgazán que desperdiciaba sus días.
B1 adjective /ˈdʒel.əs/

Jealous

celoso; envidioso; posesivo de la atención o afecto de alguien
Meaning
feeling envious or resentful; possessive of someone's attention or affection
Example
She felt jealous when her friend got promoted.
Ella se sintió celosa cuando su amiga fue ascendida.
B2 noun ˈzɪpərz

zippers

cremallera
Meaning
A device consisting of two flexible strips of metal or plastic with interlocking projections closed or opened by pulling a slide along them.
Example
Zippers are used to fasten the opening of the jacket.
Las cremalleras se utilizan para cerrar la abertura de la chaqueta.
A2 noun /ˈmiːdiə/

Media

medios
Meaning
The main means of mass communication regarded collectively
Example
The news was widely reported in all forms of media.
Las noticias fueron ampliamente reportadas en todos los medios.
C1 verb /ˈkriːmeɪt/

cremate

cremar
Meaning
to burn a dead body to ashes as a funeral rite
Example
According to his wishes, they cremated his body after the funeral.
Según sus deseos, cremaron su cuerpo después del funeral.
A1 adjective /ˈevri/

Every

cada; todos; sin excepción
Meaning
each one; all; without exception
Example
Every student must complete their homework.
Cada estudiante debe completar su tarea.
C1 adjective /rɪˈper.ə.bəl/

Repairable

reparable
Meaning
able to be fixed or mended; capable of being repaired
Example
The broken phone is repairable with the right parts.
El teléfono roto se puede reparar con las piezas adecuadas.
B2 noun /ˈɔr.fən.ɪʒ/

Orphanage

orfanato
Meaning
an institution for the care and education of children who have lost their parents
Example
The charity built a new orphanage for homeless children.
La caridad construyó un nuevo orfanato para niños sin hogar.
B2 adjective /ˈæp.lɪ.kə.bəl/

applicable

aplicable
Meaning
Relevant or appropriate in a particular situation.
Example
This rule is applicable to eye care too.
Esta regla también es aplicable al cuidado de los ojos.
B2 noun /ˈsɛtlər/

settler

colono
Meaning
a person who settles in a new area or land
Example
The settlers arrived in the new town and started building homes.
Los colonos llegaron a la nueva ciudad y comenzaron a construir casas.
C1 noun /ˈpæn.θi.ən/

pantheon

todos los dioses, templo dedicado a todos los dioses
Meaning
All the gods of a religion collectively; a building dedicated to all gods.
Example
The Roman Pantheon is one of the best-preserved ancient temples.
El Panteón romano es uno de los templos antiguos mejor conservados.
B2 adjective /ˈhevənli/

Heavenly

celestial; divino; placentero
Meaning
relating to heaven; extremely pleasant or beautiful
Example
The chocolate cake had a heavenly taste that melted in my mouth.
El pastel de chocolate tenía un sabor celestial que se derretía en mi boca.
B2 adjective /ˈteɪst.fəl/

Tasteful

delicioso; elegante; con buen gusto
Meaning
showing good judgment in matters of style and beauty
Example
She decorated her home in a very tasteful manner.
Ella decoró su casa de una manera muy elegante.
B1 noun /ruːt/

Root

raíz; origen; base; causa
Meaning
the part of a plant that grows underground; the basic cause, source, or origin of something
Example
We need to find the root of this problem to solve it permanently.
Necesitamos encontrar la raíz de este problema para resolverlo permanentemente.
B1 adjective /dɪˈmændɪŋ/

demanding

exigente
Meaning
requiring much effort, skill, or attention; difficult to satisfy
Example
The job is very demanding and requires long hours of work.
El trabajo es muy exigente y requiere largas horas de trabajo.
B1 adjective /ɪnˈtaɪər/

Entire

completo; entero; no dividido
Meaning
complete; whole; not divided or in parts
Example
She read the entire book in one sitting.
Ella leyó el libro entero de una sola vez.
C2 noun /bɪər/

bier

anda de difunto
Meaning
a frame or stand on which a coffin or body is placed before burial or cremation
Example
The coffin was placed on the bier during the funeral service.
El ataúd se colocó en la anda de difunto durante el servicio funerario.
C2 conjunction /ˌɪnəzˈmʌtʃ æz/

inasmuch-as

ya que
Meaning
Because; since.
Example
He cannot attend, inasmuch as he is unwell.
Él no puede asistir, ya que está enfermo.
A2 noun /ˈmembər/

member

miembro
Meaning
a person or thing that belongs to a group or organization
Example
She is a member of the local sports club.
Ella es miembro del club deportivo local.
A2 noun /ˈmɪr.ər/

Mirror

espejo
Meaning
a reflective surface that shows an image of whatever is in front of it
Example
She looked at herself in the mirror.
Ella se miró en el espejo.
B2 adjective /teɪm/

Tame

domesticado; manso; dócil
Meaning
domesticated and not wild; gentle and easy to control
Example
The tame lion performed tricks in the circus.
El león domesticado hizo trucos en el circo.
C1 noun /ˌaɪ.diˈɒl.ə.dʒi/

ideology

ideología
Meaning
A system of ideas and ideals, especially one that forms the basis of economic or political theory and policy.
Example
Democracy is based on the ideology of freedom and equality.
La democracia se basa en la ideología de la libertad y la igualdad.
A1 interjection /waʊ/

wow

expresión de sorpresa
Meaning
used to express great surprise, admiration, or pleasure
Example
Wow, that performance was amazing!
¡Wow, esa actuación fue increíble!
C2 adjective /ɪnˈtɛmpərət/

intemperate

intemperante
Meaning
Lacking self-control; immoderate, especially in indulgence.
Example
The politician's intemperate remarks caused controversy.
Los comentarios intemperantes del político causaron controversia.
B2 adverb /kənˈsɪstəntli/

consistently

constantemente
Meaning
in a way that does not vary; regularly and dependably
Example
She has been performing consistently well in her studies.
Ella ha estado rindiendo constantemente bien en sus estudios.
C1 adjective /ˈædʒ.aɪl/

agile

rápido y flexible
Meaning
able to move quickly and easily; quick and adaptable in thinking or action
Example
The startup team was agile in responding to market changes.
El equipo de la startup fue ágil al responder a los cambios del mercado.
B2 adjective /ˌbaɪəʊdɪˈɡreɪdəbl/

biodegradable

biodegradable
Meaning
Capable of being decomposed by natural biological processes, typically by bacteria or other living organisms, without causing harm to the environment.
Example
Biodegradable materials break down naturally without harming the environment.
Los materiales biodegradables se descomponen naturalmente sin dañar el medio ambiente.
B2 adverb /ɔːˈθentɪkli/

authentically

auténticamente
Meaning
in a genuine, real, or true manner; in a way that reflects true character or origin
Example
She speaks authentically about her experiences.
Ella habla auténticamente sobre sus experiencias.
C1 noun /ˈbɔɪənsi/ or /ˈbuːjənsi/

buoyancy

flotabilidad, alegría
Meaning
The ability to float in a liquid; cheerfulness and optimism.
Example
Her natural buoyancy lifted the mood of the group.
Su flotabilidad natural levantó el ánimo del grupo.
C2 verb /ɪnˈhjuːm/

inhume

inhumar
Meaning
to bury a dead body in the ground
Example
They inhumed the warrior with full honors.
Ellos inhumaron al guerrero con todos los honores.
A1 adverb /əˈɡen/

Again

otra vez
Meaning
once more; another time; in addition
Example
I need to read this book again to understand it better.
Necesito leer este libro otra vez para entenderlo mejor.
B1 noun /ˈælkəhɒl/

alcohol

alcohol
Meaning
A colorless volatile liquid that is the intoxicating constituent of wine, beer, spirits, and other drinks.
Example
Too much alcohol can damage your liver.
Demasiado alcohol puede dañar tu hígado.
B2 noun θrets

threats

amenazas
Meaning
A statement of an intention to inflict pain, injury, damage, or other hostile action.
Example
Threats to food security are rising globally.
Las amenazas a la seguridad alimentaria están aumentando a nivel mundial.
C1 verb /ɪnˈkɑːrsəreɪt/

incarcerate

encarcelar
Meaning
to imprison or confine someone
Example
The authorities incarcerated the criminal after the trial.
Las autoridades encarcelaron al criminal después del juicio.
B2 adjective /ˌʌnəˈweər/

Unaware

inconsciente; ajeno; sin saber
Meaning
not knowing or realizing; having no knowledge of something
Example
She was completely unaware of the danger.
Ella estaba completamente inconsciente del peligro.
B2 noun /dʒɔɪnt/

Joint

articulación; conjunto
Meaning
a point at which parts of the body are connected; shared by two or more people
Example
The joint effort of the team led to the project's success.
El esfuerzo conjunto del equipo llevó al éxito del proyecto.
C2 noun /ˌænɪmædˈvɜːʒən/

animadversion

crítica
Meaning
Strong criticism or censure.
Example
The policy attracted severe animadversion from the public.
La política atrajo una severa crítica del público.
A2 noun /ˈsiːkrət/

secret

secreto
Meaning
something that is kept or meant to be kept unknown or unseen by others
Example
He told me a secret about his childhood.
Me dijo un secreto sobre su infancia.
A1 noun /ˈvɪlɪdʒ/

village

pueblo
Meaning
a small community or group of houses in a rural area
Example
They live in a small village surrounded by mountains.
Viven en un pequeño pueblo rodeado de montañas.
C1 noun /ˈtʃæs.tɪ.ti/

Chastity

castidad; virginidad; moderación;
Meaning
the practice of refraining from extramarital or premarital sexual relations; sexual purity
Example
Many religious traditions value chastity as a virtue of moral purity.
Muchas tradiciones religiosas valoran la castidad como una virtud de pureza moral.
B1 noun /ˈpʊl.oʊ.vər/

Pullover

suéter
Meaning
a knitted garment worn on the upper body, typically pulled on over the head
Example
She wore a warm pullover during the cold winter evening.
Ella usó un suéter cálido durante la fría noche de invierno.
C2 noun /dɪsˈkwaɪɪtjuːd/

disquietude

inquietud
Meaning
A state of uneasiness, anxiety, or restlessness.
Example
His constant pacing showed his inner disquietude.
Su constante caminar mostró su inquietud interior.
A2 noun /ˈeɪn.dʒəl/

Angel

ángel
Meaning
a spiritual being believed to act as an attendant, agent, or messenger of God
Example
She looked like an angel in her white dress.
Ella parecía un ángel con su vestido blanco.
C2 verb /ˈdiːfælˌkeɪt/

defalcate

malversar
Meaning
to misuse or embezzle money that one is responsible for
Example
The accountant was accused of defalcating company funds.
El contador fue acusado de malversar los fondos de la empresa.
C2 adjective /fjuːˈnɪəriəl/

funereal

funerario
Meaning
having the mournful, somber character of a funeral
Example
The room was filled with a funereal silence after the announcement.
La habitación se llenó de un silencio funerario después del anuncio.
C2 noun /pəˈlæv.ər/

palaver

charla innecesaria / alboroto
Meaning
prolonged and idle discussion; fuss or unnecessary talk
Example
After much palaver, they finally agreed on the plan.
Después de mucha charla innecesaria, finalmente acordaron el plan.
C2 noun /ˈflætʃələns/

flatulence

acumulación de gas en el sistema digestivo
Meaning
the accumulation of gas in the digestive system; excessive gas in the stomach or intestines
Example
Eating beans can sometimes cause flatulence.
Comer frijoles a veces puede causar flatulencia.
C2 noun /ˈnjuː.trɪ.mənt/

nutriment

nutrimento
Meaning
Something that nourishes; sustenance or food.
Example
The soil provides nutriment to the plants.
El suelo proporciona nutrimento a las plantas.
C2 noun /kænt/

cant

habladuría hipócrita
Meaning
Hypocritical and insincere talk, especially about moral or religious principles.
Example
The politician's speech was filled with cant about honesty and integrity.
El discurso del político estaba lleno de habladurías hipócritas sobre honestidad e integridad.
C2 noun /ˈɡæd.flaɪ/

gadfly

persona molesta
Meaning
A person who annoys or criticizes others to stimulate change or provoke action.
Example
The journalist was a gadfly, constantly questioning the government's policies.
El periodista era una persona molesta, constantemente cuestionando las políticas del gobierno.
C1 verb /dɪˈfrɔːd/

defraud

defraudar
Meaning
to illegally take money or valuables from someone by deception
Example
The company was accused of trying to defraud investors.
La empresa fue acusada de intentar defraudar a los inversores.
C1 adjective /ʌnˈhoʊli/

Unholy

impío; perverso; profano
Meaning
wicked; sinful; profane
Example
The unholy alliance between the two companies caused public outrage.
La alianza impía entre las dos compañías causó indignación pública.
A2 verb /ˈbɒðər/

bother

molestar
Meaning
to annoy, worry, or cause trouble to someone
Example
I don't want to bother you while you're working.
No quiero molestarte mientras trabajas.
B1 adjective /rɪˈkwaɪəd/

required

requerido
Meaning
necessary or compulsory
Example
A visa is required to enter the country.
Se requiere una visa para entrar al país.
C2 noun /ˈsɛkstənt/

sextant

sextante
Meaning
a navigational instrument with a graduated arc of 60°, used to measure the angle between a celestial object and the horizon
Example
Using a sextant, the navigator fixed the ship’s position at noon.
Usando un sextante, el navegante fijó la posición del barco al mediodía.
C1 verb /ˈɡlædən/

gladden

alegrar
Meaning
to make someone happy or bring joy
Example
The news of her recovery gladdened everyone.
La noticia de su recuperación alegró a todos.
B1 adjective /fɒnd/

fond

afectuoso
Meaning
having a strong liking or affection for something or someone
Example
She is fond of painting and spends hours in front of her canvas.
Ella es afectuosa con la pintura y pasa horas frente a su lienzo.
B2 verb ɪmˈpoʊz

imposes

imponer
Meaning
To establish or apply by authority; to force something unwelcome or unfamiliar to be accepted or put in place.
Example
Pollution imposes harmful effects on the environment.
La contaminación impone efectos perjudiciales en el medio ambiente.
B2 adverb /əˈproʊpriətli/

appropriately

apropiadamente
Meaning
in a way that is suitable or proper for a particular situation
Example
She was dressed appropriately for the event.
Ella estaba vestida apropiadamente para el evento.
C2 noun /kɪln/

kiln

horno de cerámica
Meaning
a furnace or oven for burning, baking, or drying, especially one for firing pottery or bricks
Example
The potter placed the clay pots into the kiln for firing.
El alfarero colocó las macetas de arcilla en el horno de cerámica para cocerlas.
C2 adjective /ˌæpəˈplɛktɪk/

apoplectic

apoplético
Meaning
Extremely angry; furious.
Example
He was apoplectic when he heard about the unfair decision.
Estaba apoplético cuando escuchó sobre la decisión injusta.
B2 noun /ˈʌpˌkiːp/

up-keep

mantenimiento
Meaning
The process or cost of maintaining something in good condition.
Example
The upkeep of the old house is very expensive.
El mantenimiento de la casa antigua es muy caro.
B2 adjective /ˈmʌd.i/

muddy

embarrado
Meaning
covered in or full of mud; unclear or confused
Example
The children came back with muddy shoes after playing outside.
Los niños regresaron con zapatos embarrados después de jugar afuera.
B2 noun ˈɔː.bɪt

orbit

órbita
Meaning
The curved path of a celestial object around a star, planet, or moon.
Example
The satellite maintains its orbit around Earth.
El satélite mantiene su órbita alrededor de la Tierra.
B2 adjective /ˌpoʊstˈwɔːr/

post-war

de posguerra
Meaning
relating to the period after a war has ended
Example
The country experienced rapid economic growth in the post-war years.
El país experimentó un rápido crecimiento económico en los años de posguerra.
C2 noun /ˈbrɪmˌstoʊn/

brimstone

azufre
Meaning
Sulfur, especially when considered as fiery and associated with hell or divine punishment.
Example
The preacher spoke of fire and brimstone to warn the congregation.
El predicador habló de fuego y azufre para advertir a la congregación.
B1 noun /ˈhæm.ər/

Hammer

martillo
Meaning
a tool with a heavy metal head for hitting nails or breaking things
Example
She used a hammer to nail the picture frame to the wall.
Ella usó un martillo para clavar el marco de la foto en la pared.
C2 verb /ˈɛkskʌlpeɪt/

exculpate

exculpar
Meaning
to show or declare that someone is not guilty of wrongdoing
Example
The lawyer worked hard to exculpate his client.
El abogado trabajó duro para exculpar a su cliente.
C1 adjective /fəˈroʊ.ʃəs/

Ferocious

feroz, salvaje, cruel
Meaning
savagely fierce, cruel, or violent; extremely aggressive
Example
The ferocious storm destroyed many houses in the coastal area.
La feroz tormenta destruyó muchas casas en la zona costera.
A2 noun /ˈɔːdiəns/

audience

audiencia
Meaning
A group of people who gather to watch, listen to, or experience a performance, event, or broadcast.
Example
The audience clapped loudly after the performance.
La audiencia aplaudió fuerte después de la actuación.
C2 noun /ˌɛfləˈrɛsəns/

efflorescence

floración
Meaning
the process of flowering or reaching an optimal stage of development
Example
The garden was at the peak of its efflorescence in spring.
El jardín estaba en su pico de floración en primavera.
C2 noun /ɪˈluːmɪnənt/

illuminant

iluminante
Meaning
A substance or device that produces light.
Example
The lamp acted as an illuminant in the dark cave.
La lámpara actuó como un iluminante en la cueva oscura.
B2 verb /ˈlaɪɪŋ/

lying

mentir
Meaning
the act of not telling the truth
Example
He was caught lying about his grades.
Lo atraparon mintiendo sobre sus calificaciones.
C2 adjective /ˌævəˈrɪʃəs/

avaricious

codicioso
Meaning
having or showing extreme greed for wealth or material gain
Example
The avaricious landlord increased the rent unfairly.
El codicioso propietario aumentó el alquiler de manera injusta.
C2 verb /ˈsʌli/

sully

manchar
Meaning
to damage the purity, integrity, or reputation of something
Example
The scandal sullied the politician’s reputation.
El escándalo manchó la reputación del político.
B2 verb /ɪˈreɪs/

erase

borrar
Meaning
to remove completely; to delete or wipe out
Example
Use an eraser to erase the pencil marks.
Usa un borrador para borrar las marcas de lápiz.
A2 adjective /ɡreɪ/

Grey

gris
Meaning
having a color between black and white
Example
The grey clouds indicated that rain was coming.
Las nubes grises indicaron que la lluvia venía.
C2 noun /kəmˈpleɪsəns/

complaisance

complacencia
Meaning
willingness to please others; courteous compliance
Example
Her complaisance made her popular among her colleagues.
Su complacencia la hizo popular entre sus compañeros de trabajo.
C2 noun /dɜːrdʒ/

dirge

elegía
Meaning
A mournful song, piece of music, or poem expressing grief, often for the dead.
Example
The choir sang a solemn dirge at the funeral.
El coro cantó una solemne elegía en el funeral.
B2 noun /ˈbɪʃəp/

bishop

obispo
Meaning
a senior member of the Christian clergy, usually in charge of a diocese and empowered to confer holy orders.
Example
The bishop delivered a powerful sermon during Sunday service.
El obispo dio un poderoso sermón durante el servicio del domingo.
A2 noun /ˈbɪs.kɪt/

Biscuit

galleta
Meaning
a small, hard, dry cake; a cookie
Example
Children love to eat chocolate biscuits with milk.
A los niños les encanta comer galletas de chocolate con leche.
C1 noun /ˈʃoʊ.vəˌnɪz.əm/

chauvinism

chauvinismo
Meaning
Excessive or prejudiced support for one's own cause, group, or gender, often with contempt for others.
Example
The company's culture was criticized for promoting male chauvinism.
La cultura de la empresa fue criticada por promover el chauvinismo masculino.
B2 noun /ˌrɛprɪzɛnˈteɪʃən/

representation

representación
Meaning
the action of speaking or acting on behalf of someone or something
Example
Her representation of the team was impeccable.
Su representación del equipo fue impecable.
C2 verb /ˌkaʊˈtaʊ/

kowtow

actuar de manera excesivamente sumisa
Meaning
To act in an excessively subservient or obedient manner.
Example
He refused to kowtow to the unreasonable demands.
Se negó a ceder a las demandas irracionales.