hesitate
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B2 verb /ˈhezɪteɪt/

hesitate

dudar
Meaning
to pause before acting; to be uncertain about what to do
Example
Don't hesitate to ask for help.
No dudes en pedir ayuda.
C1 noun /ˈblæs.fə.mi/

blasphemy

blasfemia
Meaning
the act of speaking disrespectfully about God or sacred things
Example
In some countries, blasphemy is a punishable offense.
En algunos países, la blasfemia es un delito castigable.
A2 noun səˈsaɪəti

society

sociedad
Meaning
The aggregate of people living together in a more or less ordered community.
Example
Society plays a pivotal role in shaping an individual's values.
La sociedad juega un papel crucial en la formación de los valores de un individuo.
B2 verb /koʊp/

cope

hacer frente a
Meaning
to deal effectively with something difficult
Example
She had to cope with a lot of pressure at work.
Ella tuvo que hacer frente a mucha presión en el trabajo.
A1 preposition /wɪðˈaʊt/

without

sin
Meaning
in the absence of, or not having something
Example
He left without saying goodbye.
Él se fue sin decir adiós.
B1 verb səˈpɔːrtɪŋ

supporting

apoyar
Meaning
Giving assistance to; helping to bear the weight of something.
Example
Supporting education initiatives helps reduce child labour.
Apoyar las iniciativas educativas ayuda a reducir el trabajo infantil.
C1 adjective /dɪsˈdʒɔɪntɪd/

disjointed

desordenado
Meaning
Lacking order, coherence, or connection; disconnected.
Example
The movie felt disjointed and hard to follow.
La película se sintió desordenada y difícil de seguir.
A1 verb /muːv/

move

mover
Meaning
to change position; to go from one place to another; to relocate
Example
They decided to move to a bigger house.
Ellos decidieron mudarse a una casa más grande.
B2 noun ˌrɛzɪɡˈneɪʃən

resignation

renuncia
Meaning
The acceptance of something undesirable but inevitable; giving up.
Example
Her resignation from the position was unexpected.
Su renuncia al puesto fue inesperada.
C1 noun /oʊˈeɪ.sɪs/

Oasis

oasis
Meaning
a fertile spot in a desert where water is found; a pleasant refuge
Example
The travelers found an oasis after days in the desert.
Los viajeros encontraron un oasis después de varios días en el desierto.
C1 noun ˌlɪt.ɪˈɡeɪ.ʃən

litigation

litigio
Meaning
The process of taking legal action; a lawsuit.
Example
The litigation accused the regime of human rights abuses.
El litigio acusó al régimen de abusos a los derechos humanos.
C1 noun /ˈhaɪdəweɪ/

hideaway

escondite
Meaning
A place used as a retreat or a place to hide.
Example
The cabin in the woods was their secret hideaway.
La cabaña en el bosque era su escondite secreto.
C1 adjective /ˈfænsiːd/

fancied

imaginado, deseado
Meaning
imagined, desired, or believed without evidence
Example
He is a fancied suitor in the eyes of the young lady.
Él es un pretendiente imaginado a los ojos de la joven.
B2 adjective /ˈkɔːstli/

costly

costoso
Meaning
expensive or causing a lot of money, time, or effort
Example
Their mistake proved to be very costly for the company.
Su error resultó ser muy costoso para la empresa.
B1 noun /ˈædvərˌtaɪzɪŋ/

advertising

publicidad
Meaning
the activity of producing advertisements for products or services
Example
The company spends millions on advertising every year.
La empresa gasta millones en publicidad cada año.
C1 adjective /ˈlɛdʒəbl/

legible

legible
Meaning
clear enough to read
Example
Her handwriting was barely legible.
Su letra apenas era legible.
B2 noun/adjective /ˈbʌmpər/

bumper

parachoques
Meaning
A protective bar at the front or back of a vehicle; also used to describe something unusually large or successful.
Example
The farmer celebrated a bumper harvest this year.
El agricultor celebró una cosecha récord este año.
C1 verb /skʌlpt/

sculpt

felicidad
Meaning
to create or shape something by carving or molding
Example
The artist sculpted a beautiful statue from marble.
Ella no pudo ocultar su felicidad cuando recibió el premio.
C1 adjective /ˈraɪtfəl/

rightful

legítimo
Meaning
having a legitimate or just claim; proper or lawful
Example
She is the rightful owner of the property.
Ella es la legítima dueña de la propiedad.
B2 verb /əˈstaʊnd/

astound

asombrar
Meaning
to greatly surprise or amaze someone
Example
The magician's final trick astounded the audience.
El truco final del mago asombró al público.
B2 noun /ˈtes.tɪ.moʊ.ni/

Testimony

testimonio; evidencia
Meaning
a formal written or spoken statement given in a court of law; evidence or proof
Example
The witness gave compelling testimony during the trial.
El testigo dio un testimonio convincente durante el juicio.
C1 verb /ɪˈleɪt/

elate

alegrar
Meaning
To make someone very happy or proud.
Example
The success of the project elated the whole team.
El éxito del proyecto alegró a todo el equipo.
C1 verb /θræʃ/

thrash

golpear
Meaning
to beat someone or something violently; to move wildly or violently
Example
The angry man threatened to thrash his opponent.
El hombre enojado amenazó con golpear a su oponente.
C2 noun /mɪˈsænθrəpi/

misanthropy

misantropía
Meaning
a general dislike, distrust, or hatred of humankind
Example
His misanthropy was evident in the way he avoided people.
Su misantropía era evidente en la forma en que evitaba a las personas.
B2 adverb /ˈʌt.ə.li/

Utterly

totalmente; absolutamente; completamente
Meaning
completely; absolutely; totally
Example
The movie was utterly boring and I fell asleep.
La película era completamente aburrida y me quedé dormido.
B2 verb /plaʊ/

plough

arar
Meaning
to break up and turn over soil using a plough; to move through something with difficulty
Example
The farmer ploughs the field every spring.
El agricultor arando el campo cada primavera.
B2 noun/verb /stʌnt/

stunt

truco, hazaña, obstaculizar el crecimiento
Meaning
a daring or unusual action performed for entertainment or publicity; to hinder growth or development
Example
The actor performed a dangerous stunt in the movie.
El actor realizó un stunt peligroso en la película.
A2 noun /roʊz/

Rose

rosa
Meaning
a fragrant flower with thorny stems, typically red, pink, white, or yellow
Example
She gave me a beautiful red rose for Valentine's Day.
Ella me dio una hermosa rosa roja para el Día de San Valentín.
B2 adjective rɪˈnaʊnd

renowned

renombrado
Meaning
Known or talked about by many people; famous.
Example
The renowned scientist led the reform panel.
El renombrado científico dirigió el panel de reforma.
B2 verb /reɪl/

rail

quejarse
Meaning
to complain or protest strongly about something
Example
He railed against the unfair decision.
Él se quejó contra la decisión injusta.
C1 noun /ˈdrɪz.əl/

Drizzle

llovizna
Meaning
light rain falling in very fine drops; a very light rainfall
Example
The gentle drizzle continued throughout the morning, making everything misty.
La suave llovizna continuó durante toda la mañana, haciendo que todo se viera nebuloso.
C1 noun ˌdɛməˈɡræfɪk trænˈzɪʃən

demographic transition

transición demográfica
Meaning
A shift in population patterns from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates as a country develops economically
Example
The demographic transition indicates a shift towards an aging society.
La transición demográfica indica un cambio hacia una sociedad envejecida.
C2 noun /ˌdɪsrɪˈpjuːt/

disrepute

desprestigio
Meaning
the state of being held in low esteem or having a bad reputation
Example
The scandal brought the politician into disrepute.
El escándalo llevó al político al desprestigio.
B2 noun /ˈsʌfərɪŋ/

suffering

sufrimiento
Meaning
the state of undergoing pain, distress, or hardship
Example
They tried to relieve his suffering with medicine.
Intentaron aliviar su sufrimiento con medicina.
C1 adjective /ˈlɪstləs/

listless

sin energía
Meaning
lacking energy, enthusiasm, or interest
Example
She felt listless after working long hours without rest.
Se sintió sin energía después de trabajar durante largas horas sin descanso.
C1 adjective ʌnˈpær.ə.leld

Unparalleled

incomparable
Meaning
Having no equal; unmatched, peerless, and supreme in quality or achievement.
Example
The unparalleled beauty of the Taj Mahal amazes visitors.
La belleza incomparable del Taj Mahal asombra a los visitantes.
C1 noun /vɪˈvæsɪti/

vivacity

vivacidad
Meaning
The quality of being lively, animated, and full of energy.
Example
The child’s vivacity brightened the entire room.
La vivacidad del niño iluminó toda la habitación.
C1 verb /ɪnˈdaʊ/

endow

dotar
Meaning
To provide with a quality, ability, or gift; to donate funds for a purpose.
Example
The university was endowed with a generous donation.
La universidad fue dotada con una generosa donación.
C2 verb /dɪˈtruːd/

detrude

empujar hacia abajo o hacia afuera
Meaning
To thrust or force something downward or outward.
Example
The violent waves detruded rocks from the cliff.
Las olas violentas empujaron las rocas desde el acantilado.
A1 noun /fʊt/

Foot

pie
Meaning
the lower extremity of the leg that is in direct contact with the ground in standing or walking
Example
She hurt her foot while running.
Ella se lastimó el pie mientras corría.
C1 adjective ɪn ˈfleɪ.ʃə.ner.i

inflationary

inflacionario
Meaning
Characterized by or tending to cause monetary inflation; relating to rising prices.
Example
The government took measures to control inflationary pressures.
El gobierno tomó medidas para controlar las presiones inflacionarias.
C1 noun /ˈeɪ.nəs/

Anus

ano
Meaning
the opening at the end of the digestive tract through which waste leaves the body
Example
The doctor examined the patient's anus during the medical checkup.
El doctor examinó el ano del paciente durante el chequeo médico.
C2 verb /dɪsˈɡɔːrdʒ/

disgorge

vomitar, expulsar
Meaning
to discharge or pour out; to vomit; to give up reluctantly
Example
The broken pipe disgorged water all over the floor.
El tubo roto expulsó agua por todo el suelo.
C1 noun /təˈlɛpəθi/

telepathy

telepatía
Meaning
the supposed communication of thoughts or ideas by means other than the known senses
Example
The twins claimed to share telepathy with each other.
Los gemelos afirmaron compartir telepatía entre sí.
C1 noun ˌmɒdɪfɪˈkeɪʃn

modification

modificación
Meaning
The action of making changes to something.
Example
The plan required modification.
El plan requirió modificación.
C1 adjective /ˌʌnrɪˈfaɪnd/

unrefined

sin refinar
Meaning
not processed or purified; lacking polish or sophistication
Example
The unrefined oil must be processed before it can be used as fuel.
El aceite sin refinar debe procesarse antes de usarse como combustible.
C1 noun /iːl/

Eel

anguila
Meaning
a long, snake-like fish that lives in both fresh and salt water
Example
The electric eel can generate powerful electric shocks.
La anguila eléctrica puede generar potentes descargas eléctricas.
C2 noun /ˌɪmprəˈpraɪəti/

impropriety

improiedad
Meaning
Failure to observe standards of honesty or modesty; improper behavior.
Example
The politician was accused of financial impropriety.
El político fue acusado de impropiedad financiera.
C1 verb /ˈslɪðər/

slither

deslizarse
Meaning
to move smoothly over a surface with a twisting, sliding motion, like a snake
Example
The snake slithered through the grass.
La serpiente se deslizó a través de la hierba.
C1 noun /ˈmɛm.breɪn/

membrane

membrana
Meaning
A thin layer of tissue or material that covers, separates, or connects structures.
Example
The cell membrane controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell.
La membrana celular controla el movimiento de las sustancias dentro y fuera de la célula.
C2 noun ˈfaɪ.təʊˌnjuː.tri.ənts

phytonutrients

fitonutrientes
Meaning
Bioactive compounds found in plants that have health benefits beyond basic nutrition.
Example
Green tea contains powerful phytonutrients.
El té verde contiene poderosos fitonutrientes.
C1 adjective /ˈpiːkənt/

piquant

picante
Meaning
having a pleasantly sharp or spicy taste; interestingly provocative
Example
The chef added a piquant sauce to the dish to enhance its flavor.
El chef añadió una salsa picante al plato para realzar su sabor.
C1 noun/verb /dɪsˈkwaɪət/

disquiet

inquietud
Meaning
A feeling of worry or unease; to make someone feel anxious or uneasy.
Example
The strange silence filled the room with disquiet.
El extraño silencio llenó la habitación de inquietud.
A2 noun /ˈmaʊn.tɪn/

Mountain

montaña
Meaning
a large natural elevation of earth and rock rising above the ground
Example
They climbed the highest mountain in the region.
Escalaron la montaña más alta de la región.
B2 noun /ˈklʌstər/

cluster

racimo
Meaning
a group of similar things or people positioned close together
Example
The grapes grew in a tight cluster.
Las uvas crecieron en un racimo apretado.
C2 noun /ˈstrɪk.tʃər/

stricture

restricción, crítica
Meaning
a restriction or limitation; a critical remark
Example
The new law placed a severe stricture on free speech.
La nueva ley impuso una restricción severa a la libertad de expresión.
C1 noun /ˈplæz.mə/

Plasma

parte líquida de la sangre; gas ionizado; suero sanguíneo sin proteínas de coagulación
Meaning
the liquid part of blood; ionized gas; blood serum without clotting proteins
Example
Blood plasma contains various proteins and nutrients.
El plasma sanguíneo contiene varias proteínas y nutrientes.
B2 noun ˈsəʊ.lər ˈen.ə.dʒi

solar energy

energía solar
Meaning
Energy from the sun that is converted into thermal or electrical energy.
Example
Solar energy is vital for reducing carbon emissions.
La energía solar es vital para reducir las emisiones de carbono.
B2 noun /kənˈdʒes.tʃən/

congestion

congestión
Meaning
A situation in which a place is too blocked or crowded, causing difficulties.
Example
Urban congestion leads to longer travel times.
La congestión urbana lleva a tiempos de viaje más largos.
B2 noun /ˈden.sə.ti/

Density

densidad
Meaning
the degree of compactness of a substance; the quantity of something per unit area
Example
The density of population in the city center is extremely high.
La densidad de la población en el centro de la ciudad es extremadamente alta.
A1 noun /ˈsekənd/

second

segundo
Meaning
a unit of time equal to one sixtieth of a minute; also the position after first
Example
He finished the race in second place.
Terminó la carrera en segundo lugar.
C1 noun ˌiː.kəʊˈfrend.li ˌɜː.bən.aɪˈzeɪ.ʃən

eco-friendly urbanization

urbanización ecológica
Meaning
The development of cities in a way that is not harmful to the environment.
Example
Eco-friendly urbanization reduces environmental degradation.
La urbanización ecológica reduce la degradación ambiental.
C1 noun /krʌˈsteɪʃən/

crustacean

animal acuático con caparazón duro
Meaning
an aquatic animal with a hard shell, such as crabs, lobsters, and shrimps
Example
Crabs and lobsters are well-known crustaceans.
Los cangrejos y langostas son conocidos crustáceos.
C1 noun /plʊəˈrælɪti/

plurality

pluralidad o mayoría
Meaning
the state of being multiple; the greater part or majority
Example
In the election, she won by a plurality of votes.
En la elección, ella ganó por una pluralidad de votos.
A2 noun /ˈtɜːrtl/

turtle

tortuga
Meaning
A slow-moving reptile with a hard shell that lives in water or on land
Example
The turtle slowly crossed the sandy beach.
La tortuga cruzó lentamente la playa de arena.
B2 noun /ˈskɔːr.pi.ən/

Scorpion

escorpión
Meaning
a small creature with eight legs, two claws, and a curved tail with a poisonous sting
Example
The scorpion hid under the rock during the day.
El escorpión se escondió debajo de la roca durante el día.
C2 verb /dɪsˈtɛnd/

distend

hinchar
Meaning
to swell or expand by pressure from within
Example
Her stomach began to distend after the large meal.
Su estómago comenzó a distenderse después de la gran comida.
B2 noun /ɪnˈsɪstəns/

insistence

insistencia
Meaning
the act of demanding something firmly or repeatedly
Example
At his insistence, we stayed longer.
A su insistencia, nos quedamos más tiempo.
A2 noun /vɔɪs/

voice

voz
Meaning
the sound produced by the vocal cords; the ability to speak or express oneself
Example
She has a beautiful voice that captivates the audience.
Ella tiene una voz hermosa que cautiva a la audiencia.
B2 verb /ɪkˈsɛl/

excel

sobresalir
Meaning
to be exceptionally good at or proficient in an activity or subject
Example
She always tries to excel in her studies.
Ella siempre trata de sobresalir en sus estudios.
B1 adjective /ˈæbsənt/

absent

ausente
Meaning
not present at a place or event
Example
She was absent from the meeting yesterday.
Ella estuvo ausente de la reunión ayer.
C2 noun /ænˈtɪlədʒi/

antilogy

antilogía
Meaning
A contradiction in terms or ideas; inconsistency in speech or writing.
Example
The politician's statement was criticized for its antilogy.
La declaración del político fue criticada por su antilogía.
C1 adjective /ʌnˈfɔːltərɪŋ/

unfaltering

inquebrantable
Meaning
Steady and resolute; not weakening or hesitating
Example
She continued with unfaltering determination.
Ella continuó con una determinación inquebrantable.
C2 noun /ɪˈluːmɪnənt/

illuminant

iluminante
Meaning
A substance or device that produces light.
Example
The lamp acted as an illuminant in the dark cave.
La lámpara actuó como un iluminante en la cueva oscura.
B2 verb, noun /dɒn/

don

ponerse / líder
Meaning
to put on (an article of clothing); also used as a title for a respected person
Example
She donned her coat before leaving.
Ella se puso su abrigo antes de salir.
B2 noun /ˈɔːɡən/

organ

órgano
Meaning
a part of the body that performs a specific function
Example
The heart is an important organ in the human body.
El corazón es un órgano importante en el cuerpo humano.
B2 adjective /ˌɔːɡənaɪˈzeɪʃənəl/

organizational

organizacional
Meaning
relating to the structure or arrangement of a company or group
Example
He works on improving the organizational structure of the company.
Él trabaja en mejorar la estructura organizacional de la empresa.
C2 noun /əˈpɒfəsɪs/

apophasis

apofasis
Meaning
A rhetorical device where the speaker brings up a subject by denying it or pretending to pass over it.
Example
The politician used apophasis by saying, 'I won’t even mention my opponent’s scandals.'
El político usó la apofasis al decir: 'Ni siquiera mencionaré los escándalos de mi oponente'.
A1 adjective /eɪtθ/

eighth

octavo
Meaning
coming after the seventh position in a sequence; one of eight equal parts
Example
She finished in eighth place in the race.
Ella terminó en octavo lugar en la carrera.
C2 noun ˌiːkwəˈnɪməti

equanimity

Calma mental, compostura y equilibrio, especialmente en una situación difícil
Meaning
Mental calmness, composure, and evenness of temper, especially in a difficult situation.
Example
She handled the news with remarkable equanimity.
Ella manejó la noticia con una equanimidad extraordinaria.
C1 adjective /ˈneɪzl/

nasal

nasal
Meaning
Relating to the nose; a sound produced through the nose.
Example
He spoke with a nasal voice due to his cold.
Él habló con voz nasal debido a su resfriado.
C1 noun /ˈɑd.ɪ.ti/

Oddity

rareza
Meaning
something that is strange or unusual; a peculiar trait
Example
His habit of sleeping standing up was considered an oddity.
Su hábito de dormir de pie se consideraba una rareza.
C2 noun /ˈɡɜːrdər/

girder

viga (de acero)
Meaning
a large, strong beam used to support buildings or bridges
Example
The steel girders held the weight of the bridge.
Las vigas de acero sostuvieron el peso del puente.
C1 adjective /ˈstoʊɪk/

stoic

estoico, imperturbable
Meaning
Showing little or no emotion, even in difficult situations.
Example
She remained stoic during the crisis, never showing fear or panic.
Ella permaneció estoica durante la crisis, sin mostrar miedo ni pánico.
C1 noun /ˈwɒrənt/

Warrant

orden judicial
Meaning
a legal document that gives police the authority to do something; justification or authority for an action
Example
The police obtained a search warrant before entering the building.
La policía obtuvo una orden de registro antes de entrar en el edificio.
C2 verb /ˈmæk.ɪ.neɪt/

machinate

maquinar
Meaning
to engage in plots or schemes, usually for harmful or evil purposes
Example
The rebels tried to machinate against the king.
Los rebeldes intentaron maquinar contra el rey.
B2 verb /kənˈsoʊl/

console

consolar
Meaning
to comfort someone who is sad or disappointed; to provide solace
Example
She tried to console her friend after the loss.
Ella trató de consolar a su amiga después de la pérdida.
B2 adjective /dɪˈstɪŋktɪv/

distinctive

distintivo
Meaning
having a quality or characteristic that makes something different and easily noticed
Example
The restaurant is known for its distinctive flavors.
El restaurante es conocido por sus sabores distintivos.
B2 adjective /bliːk/

bleak

desolado
Meaning
cold, miserable, or without hope
Example
The future seemed bleak after the economic downturn.
El futuro parecía desolado después de la recesión económica.
C2 noun /ɪnˈtræn.sɪ.dʒəns/

intransigence

intransigencia
Meaning
Refusal to change one's views or to agree about something.
Example
The negotiations failed due to the intransigence of both parties.
Las negociaciones fracasaron debido a la intransigencia de ambas partes.
C2 noun ˈhɑːrbərɪdʒ

harborage

refugio
Meaning
A place of shelter or refuge for pests or animals.
Example
Pests need a harborage site to survive and breed.
Las plagas necesitan un lugar de refugio para sobrevivir y reproducirse.
C2 noun /ˈmɒkəsɪn/

moccasin

mocasín
Meaning
A soft leather shoe, traditionally worn by Native Americans, often made from deerskin.
Example
He slipped on a pair of comfortable moccasins before going outside.
Se puso unos cómodos mocasines antes de salir.
C1 noun /ˈʌndərdɒɡ/

underdog

desvalido
Meaning
a competitor thought to have little chance of winning; a weaker party in a contest
Example
The underdog team surprised everyone by winning the championship.
El equipo desvalido sorprendió a todos al ganar el campeonato.
C2 noun/adjective /ˈlæpɪˌdɛri/

lapidary

lapidario
Meaning
As noun: a person who cuts, polishes, or engraves precious stones; As adjective: relating to such work.
Example
The museum displayed lapidary tools used in ancient times.
El museo exhibió herramientas lapidarias utilizadas en tiempos antiguos.
B2 adjective /ˈkɒmɪkəl/

comical

cómico
Meaning
Funny in a strange or silly way; amusing.
Example
His comical expressions made everyone laugh.
Sus expresiones cómicas hicieron reír a todos.
B2 adjective /ˈprɛf(ə)rəb(ə)l/

preferable

preferible
Meaning
more desirable or suitable; better than something else
Example
It is preferable to take the train rather than drive in heavy traffic.
Es preferible tomar el tren en lugar de conducir en el tráfico pesado.
B2 adverb /ˈsel.fɪʃ.li/

Selfishly

egoístamente
Meaning
in a selfish manner; caring only about oneself
Example
He selfishly took all the cookies.
Él tomó todas las galletas egoístamente.
B2 noun (plural) /ˈɑːrtɪˌfæks/

artifacts

artefactos
Meaning
objects made by humans, often of historical or cultural importance
Example
Archaeologists discovered valuable artifacts in the ruins.
Los arqueólogos descubrieron artefactos valiosos en las ruinas.
A2 noun /rɪˈzʌlt/

result

resultado
Meaning
a consequence, effect, or outcome of something
Example
The result of the test was excellent.
El resultado de la prueba fue excelente.
C2 noun /kənˌdʒiː.niˈæl.ə.t̬i/

congeniality

afabilidad
Meaning
The quality of being pleasant, friendly, and easy to talk to.
Example
His congeniality makes him popular among friends.
Su afabilidad lo hace popular entre sus amigos.
C1 adjective /ɪmˈpæsɪv/

impassive

impasible
Meaning
Not showing or feeling emotion; expressionless.
Example
Despite the shocking news, she remained impassive.
A pesar de las noticias impactantes, ella permaneció impasible.
A2 noun /seɪl/

sale

venta
Meaning
the exchange of a commodity for money; the action of selling something
Example
The store is having a sale on winter clothing.
La tienda está teniendo una venta de ropa de invierno.
C1 adjective /ləˈbɔːr.i.əs/

laborious

laborioso
Meaning
requiring considerable effort and time; difficult and hard-working
Example
Writing the long report was a laborious task.
Escribir el informe largo fue una tarea laboriosa.
B2 noun /ˈspɛktrəm/

spectrum

espectro
Meaning
A range of different things, often related to colors, ideas, or classifications.
Example
The festival attracted people from across the political spectrum.
El festival atrajo a personas de todo el espectro político.
C1 verb /ˈmiː.di.eɪt/

mediate

mediar
Meaning
To act as an intermediary in bringing about agreement or reconciliation between parties.
Example
She was asked to mediate between the two companies.
Le pidieron mediar entre las dos empresas.
C1 adjective ʌnˈtʃɑːtɪd

uncharted

inexplorado
Meaning
Not mapped or surveyed; unknown or unexplored.
Example
The mission aimed to explore uncharted areas of the planet.
La misión tenía como objetivo explorar áreas inexploradas del planeta.
B1 verb /wɔːrn/

warn

advertir
Meaning
to alert about danger; to give notice of risk
Example
The weather service warns of heavy rain tonight.
El servicio meteorológico advierte sobre lluvias intensas esta noche.
C1 verb /ˌʌndərˈsɛl/

undersell

vender a un precio más bajo
Meaning
to sell something at a lower price than competitors or to downplay the value of something
Example
The shop undersold its rivals by offering huge discounts.
La tienda vendió a sus rivales a un precio más bajo ofreciendo grandes descuentos.
C1 noun /ˈleɪˌpɜːrsən/

layperson

persona común
Meaning
A person who is not a member of the clergy or does not have specialized knowledge in a subject.
Example
The judge explained the law so that the layperson could understand.
El juez explicó la ley de manera que la persona común pudiera entenderla.
A1 adverb /ˈriː.ə.li/

Really

realmente; verdaderamente; mucho
Meaning
actually; truly; very much
Example
I really enjoyed the concert last night.
Realmente disfruté el concierto anoche.
B2 noun /ˌriː.əˈʃʊr.əns/

Reassurance

reaseguro
Meaning
comfort or confidence given to someone to remove their fears or doubts
Example
She needed reassurance that everything would be okay.
Ella necesitaba un reaseguro de que todo estaría bien.
B1 noun /ɪnˈdʒɔɪmənt/

enjoyment

disfrute
Meaning
the state or process of taking pleasure or satisfaction in something
Example
She felt great enjoyment while reading her favorite book.
Ella sintió un gran disfrute mientras leía su libro favorito.
B1 noun /kriˈeɪ.ʃənz/

creations

creaciones
Meaning
Things that have been created, especially works of art or imaginative works.
Example
His creations astonished the world.
Sus creaciones sorprendieron al mundo.
C2 verb /ˌkaʊntərˈmænd/

countermand

revocar una orden
Meaning
to revoke or cancel an order or command
Example
The general countermanded the previous orders immediately.
El general revocó las órdenes anteriores inmediatamente.
C1 noun /ˈkɒləmnɪst/

columnist

columnista
Meaning
a journalist who regularly writes articles or opinions for a newspaper or magazine
Example
The columnist wrote an article about climate change.
El columnista escribió un artículo sobre el cambio climático.
B1 adjective /sɪɡˈnɪfɪkənt/

significant

significativo
Meaning
Sufficiently great or important to be worthy of attention; noteworthy.
Example
Social media has a significant impact on relationships.
Las redes sociales tienen un impacto significativo en las relaciones.
C1 verb /ˈpɛtrɪfaɪ/

petrify

petrificar
Meaning
to make someone so frightened that they are unable to move or think; to turn into stone
Example
The loud noise petrified the little child.
El ruido fuerte petrificó al niño pequeño.
C1 noun /ˌdɪspɛnˈseɪʃən/

dispensation

dispensa
Meaning
An exemption from a rule or usual requirement; a system of order, government, or control.
Example
The school granted him a special dispensation to skip the exam due to illness.
La escuela le concedió una dispensa especial para ausentarse del examen debido a una enfermedad.
A2 noun ˈen.ə.dʒi

energy

energía
Meaning
Power derived from the utilization of physical or chemical resources, especially to provide light and heat or to work machines.
Example
Clean energy sources help reduce pollution.
Las fuentes de energía limpia ayudan a reducir la contaminación.
B2 noun /ˈseɡ.mənt/

Segment

sección; porción; segmento
Meaning
each of the parts into which something is divided; a section or portion
Example
The orange was divided into eight segments.
La naranja se dividió en ocho segmentos.
A2 adverb /ˈsʌd.ən.li/

Suddenly

de repente
Meaning
quickly and without warning; unexpectedly
Example
The car suddenly stopped in the middle of the road.
El coche se detuvo de repente en medio de la carretera.