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C1 adverb /ˌhɛdˈfɜrst/

headfirst

cabeza adelante
Meaning
With the head leading; in a reckless or hasty manner.
Example
He dived headfirst into the pool.
Se zambulló cabeza primero en la piscina.
C2 noun /ɛˌspriː də ˈkɔːr/

esprit de corps

sentimiento de grupo
Meaning
A feeling of pride, fellowship, and loyalty shared by members of a group.
Example
The team's esprit de corps was evident in their cooperative effort.
El sentimiento de grupo del equipo era evidente en su esfuerzo cooperativo.
A2 noun; gerund /ˈwɒʃɪŋ/

washing

lavado
Meaning
the act of cleaning with water or other liquid; clothes or items that are being washed
Example
Washing clothes regularly helps maintain hygiene.
Lavar la ropa con regularidad ayuda a mantener la higiene.
C1 noun /əˈtjuːn.mənt/

attunement

armonización
Meaning
Being in harmony or responsive to someone's emotional state.
Example
Attunement to emotions improves relationships.
La armonización con las emociones mejora las relaciones.
C2 noun ˈnjʊə.rəʊ ˌfiːd.bæk

neurofeedback

técnica que utiliza actividades cerebrales en tiempo real para enseñar la autorregulación de la función cerebral
Meaning
A technique that uses real-time displays of brain activity to teach self-regulation of brain function.
Example
Neurofeedback enhances cognitive performance and relaxation.
El neurofeedback mejora el rendimiento cognitivo y la relajación.
B1 noun /naɪt/

Knight

caballero; caballero medieval
Meaning
a man given a rank of honor by a British king or queen; a medieval warrior on horseback
Example
The brave knight rescued the princess from the dragon's castle.
El valiente caballero rescató a la princesa del castillo del dragón.
C1 noun /blæk plʌm/

Black plum

ciruela negra
Meaning
a dark purple or black colored edible fruit with sweet and sour taste
Example
I picked some fresh black plums from the tree in our backyard.
Recogí algunas ciruelas negras frescas del árbol en nuestro jardín.
C1 noun /rɪˈmɔːrs/

Remorse

remordimiento
Meaning
deep regret or guilt for a wrong committed; bitter regret for something done
Example
He felt deep remorse for his actions.
Él sintió un profundo remordimiento por sus acciones.
C1 noun ˈsɛlfləsnɪs

selflessness

desinterés
Meaning
The quality of being concerned more with the needs of others than with one's own.
Example
Selflessness is a key value for community building.
El desinterés es un valor clave para la construcción de la comunidad.
B1 noun /ˈsoʊ.lər ˌsɪs.təm/

Solar system

sistema solar
Meaning
the sun and all the planets, moons, asteroids and other objects that orbit around it
Example
Our solar system has eight planets orbiting the sun.
Nuestro sistema solar tiene ocho planetas orbitando alrededor del sol.
C1 noun /ˈʌndərˌteɪkər/

undertaker

enterrador
Meaning
A person whose job is to prepare the dead for burial and arrange funerals.
Example
The undertaker prepared the body for the funeral service.
El enterrador preparó el cuerpo para el servicio funerario.
C1 adjective /ˈɪnsələnt/

insolent

insolente, arrogante
Meaning
showing a rude and arrogant lack of respect
Example
The insolent student refused to follow the teacher's instructions.
El estudiante insolente se negó a seguir las instrucciones del maestro.
C2 adjective /ˌɪrɪˈfrændʒɪbəl/

irrefrangible

irrefrenable
Meaning
Not to be broken, violated, or infringed
Example
The constitution guarantees certain irrefrangible rights to every citizen.
La constitución garantiza ciertos derechos irrefrenables a cada ciudadano.
B2 noun /ˈes.əns/

Essence

esencia
Meaning
the intrinsic nature or indispensable quality of something
Example
The essence of good teaching is the ability to inspire students.
La esencia de una buena enseñanza es la capacidad de inspirar a los estudiantes.
C1 noun /kəmˈpʌl.ʃən/

Compulsion

compulsión; coacción;
Meaning
the action or state of forcing or being forced to do something; an irresistible urge to behave in a certain way
Example
He felt a strong compulsion to check his phone every few minutes.
Sintió una fuerte compulsión de revisar su teléfono cada pocos minutos.
C1 noun /ˈækəleɪd/

accolade

accolade
Meaning
An award, honor, or expression of praise.
Example
She received an accolade for her outstanding performance.
Ella recibió un reconocimiento por su destacado desempeño.
C1 verb /rɪˈbʌf/

rebuff

rechazar
Meaning
to reject or refuse in a sharp or abrupt way
Example
She rebuffed his invitation to dinner.
Ella rechazó su invitación a cenar.
C1 adjective /məˈlɪʃəs/

Malicious

malévolo; maligno
Meaning
having or showing a desire to cause harm to someone; spiteful
Example
The malicious software damaged many computers.
El software malicioso dañó muchas computadoras.
B2 verb, noun /stɔːl/

stall

detener, puesto pequeño
Meaning
to stop or cause to stop temporarily; a small shop or stand
Example
The car stalled on the way to the office.
El coche se detuvo en el camino hacia la oficina.
C2 adjective /ˈbrɪndl̩d/

brindled

atigrado
Meaning
Having a brownish or tawny color with streaks or spots of another color.
Example
The farmer owned a brindled cow with distinctive stripes.
El granjero tenía una vaca atigrada con rayas distintivas.
C2 noun /sɪnˈtɪl.ə/

scintilla

pequeña chispa
Meaning
A tiny trace or spark of a specified quality or feeling.
Example
There wasn’t a scintilla of doubt in her mind.
No había ni una chispa de duda en su mente.
C1 noun ˈmaɪ.krəʊˌnjuː.tri.ənts

micronutrients

micronutrientes
Meaning
Essential nutrients required by organisms in small quantities throughout life to orchestrate a range of physiological functions.
Example
Micronutrients are essential for cellular function.
Los micronutrientes son esenciales para la función celular.
B1 noun zəʊn

zone

zona
Meaning
An area or stretch of land having a particular characteristic, purpose, or use, or subject to particular restrictions.
Example
Industrial zones attract investments.
Las zonas industriales atraen inversiones.
B2 noun /ˈskuːtər/

scooter

scooter
Meaning
a small two-wheeled vehicle powered by an engine or electricity
Example
She rides a scooter to work every day.
Ella va al trabajo en scooter todos los días.
C1 noun /dɪˌnʌnsiˈeɪʃən/

denunciation

denuncia / acusación pública
Meaning
the public condemnation or accusation of someone or something
Example
The journalist's article was a strong denunciation of corruption.
El artículo del periodista fue una fuerte denuncia de la corrupción.
C1 adjective /ˈliː.ni.ənt/

Lenient

tolerante; indulgente; misericordioso; no estricto en el castigo o juicio
Meaning
tolerant; forgiving; merciful; not strict in punishment or judgment
Example
The teacher was lenient with students who submitted their homework late.
El maestro fue tolerante con los estudiantes que entregaron su tarea tarde.
C2 noun /neɪv/

nave

nave central de la iglesia
Meaning
the central part of a church building intended to accommodate the congregation
Example
The choir sang beautifully in the church nave.
El coro cantó hermosamente en la nave de la iglesia.
C2 noun /ˈmɪsəl/

missal

misal
Meaning
a book containing the texts used in the Catholic Mass throughout the year
Example
The priest read from the missal during the ceremony.
El sacerdote leyó del misal durante la ceremonia.
B2 verb /skeər/

scare

asustar
Meaning
to frighten someone or make them feel afraid
Example
The loud noise scared the baby.
El ruido fuerte asustó al bebé.
C1 noun /ˌdɪs.kʌl.əˈreɪ.ʃən/

discoloration

decoloración
Meaning
The process of changing or losing color; fading.
Example
Sun exposure causes discoloration of fabrics.
La exposición al sol causa la decoloración de las telas.
B2 noun /læp/

Lap

regazo
Meaning
the flat area between the waist and knees of a seated person; one circuit of a track or course
Example
The cat curled up comfortably in her lap while she read her book.
El gato se acurrucó cómodamente en su regazo mientras leía su libro.
B1 adjective /ˈnær.oʊ/

Narrow

estrecho; limitado; angosto
Meaning
having a small width; thin; limited in scope; restricted
Example
The narrow street was barely wide enough for two cars.
La calle estrecha apenas era lo suficientemente ancha para dos coches.
B2 noun /ˈseɪf.ɡɑːrd/

Safeguard

salvaguarda
Meaning
measure or action designed to protect someone or something
Example
New safeguards were implemented to prevent data breaches.
Se implementaron nuevas salvaguardas para prevenir violaciones de datos.
B1 verb /dɪˈpɛndɪŋ/

depending

dependiendo
Meaning
Being contingent on or influenced by something.
Example
The success of the plan is depending on the team's effort.
El éxito del plan depende del esfuerzo del equipo.
B1 adjective /kənˈvɪnst/

convinced

convencido
Meaning
completely certain or sure about something
Example
She was convinced that he was telling the truth.
Ella estaba convencida de que él estaba diciendo la verdad.
B2 adjective dɪsˈrʌp.tɪv

disruptive

desestabilizador, perturbador
Meaning
Causing or tending to cause disruption.
Example
Deforestation has a disruptive effect on wildlife.
La deforestación tiene un efecto desestabilizador sobre la fauna.
C1 noun /ˌəʊvərɪksˌplɔɪˈteɪʃən/

overexploitation

sobreexplotación
Meaning
The unsustainable use of natural resources at a rate that exceeds their ability to regenerate, leading to depletion and environmental degradation.
Example
Overexploitation of natural resources leads to environmental degradation.
La sobreexplotación de los recursos naturales conduce a la degradación ambiental.
B2 noun /ˌmɛdɪˈteɪʃən/

meditation

meditación
Meaning
The practice of focusing the mind to achieve calmness, clarity, or spiritual growth.
Example
She practices meditation every morning to start her day peacefully.
Ella practica la meditación cada mañana para comenzar su día en paz.
C2 adjective /ˌpɛnɪˈtɛnʃəl/

penitential

penitente
Meaning
Relating to or expressing penitence or penance.
Example
The priest delivered a penitential sermon on forgiveness.
El sacerdote dio un sermón penitente sobre el perdón.
B2 noun /ˈɡreɪt.fəl.nəs/

Gratefulness

gratitud
Meaning
the quality of being thankful; readiness to show appreciation for kindness
Example
She expressed her gratefulness to the doctors who saved her life.
ella expresó su gratitud a los médicos que salvaron su vida.
A2 noun/verb /ˈsaɪkl/

cycle

ciclo / bicicleta
Meaning
a series of events that repeat in the same order; or to ride a bicycle
Example
She cycles to school every day.
Ella va a la escuela en bicicleta todos los días.
A2 verb /rɪˈlæks/

relax

relajarse
Meaning
to make or become less tense or anxious; to rest
Example
After a long day, she likes to relax with a good book.
Después de un largo día, le gusta relajarse con un buen libro.
C1 noun /rəˈpɪdəti/

rapidity

rapidez
Meaning
The quality of moving or happening quickly; swiftness or speed.
Example
The rapidity of technological change is astonishing.
La rapidez del cambio tecnológico es asombroso.
A2 noun, verb, adjective /saʊnd/

sound

sonido
Meaning
a sensation perceived by the ear; to make or cause to make a noise; in good condition
Example
The bell sounded across the valley.
La campana sonó a través del valle.
C1 /ʃrɛd/

shred

triturar
Meaning
to tear or cut something into small pieces
Example
She shredded the old documents before throwing them away.
Ella trituró los viejos documentos antes de tirarlos.
B2 noun /əˈmɛnətiz/

amenities

comodidades
Meaning
useful or pleasant facilities and services provided for comfort or convenience
Example
The hotel offers modern amenities such as free Wi-Fi and a swimming pool.
El hotel ofrece comodidades modernas como Wi-Fi gratuito y una piscina.
C2 verb /ˈdæli/

dally

demorarse
Meaning
To act or move slowly; to waste time; also to engage in a casual romantic relationship.
Example
He dallied in the garden instead of starting his work.
Él se demoró en el jardín en lugar de comenzar su trabajo.
C2 noun /ˈbʌskɪn/

buskin

bota gruesa
Meaning
A type of thick-soled boot that reaches halfway to the knee; also associated with tragic drama in ancient times.
Example
The actor wore a buskin as part of his classical costume.
El actor llevaba un buskin como parte de su traje clásico.
A1 adverb /ðeər/

There

allí
Meaning
in or at that place; to that place
Example
I will meet you there at 5 PM.
Te veré allí a las 5 PM.
C1 verb ɪkˈstræp.ə.leɪt

Extrapolate

extrapolar
Meaning
Making future estimates based on existing information
Example
Scientists extrapolate climate changes based on past data.
Los científicos extrapolan los cambios climáticos basados en datos pasados.
A2 adjective /ˈsʌn.i/

Sunny

soleado; optimista
Meaning
bright with sunlight; cheerful and optimistic
Example
It's a beautiful sunny day perfect for a picnic.
Es un hermoso día soleado, perfecto para un picnic.
C2 noun /oʊf/

Oaf

una persona torpe, estúpida o insensible
Meaning
a clumsy, stupid, or insensitive person
Example
Don't be such an oaf - handle the dishes carefully!
¡No seas un oaf así - maneja los platos con cuidado!
C2 noun /ˈbʌt.ər fɪʃ/

Butter-fish

pez mantequilla
Meaning
a small, smooth-skinned marine fish
Example
The butter-fish is popular in Bengali cuisine.
El pez mantequilla es popular en la cocina bengalí.
C2 adjective /ˌsɒfəˈmɒrɪk/

sophomoric

inmaduro
Meaning
showing immaturity and overconfidence, like a sophomore
Example
His sophomoric behavior embarrassed his friends.
Su comportamiento inmaduro avergonzó a sus amigos.
B2 noun ˈlaɪf ɪkˌspek.tən.si

life expectancy

esperanza de vida
Meaning
The average period that a person may expect to live; the length of time for which something is expected to last or to continue being effective.
Example
Life expectancy depends on healthcare quality.
La esperanza de vida depende de la calidad de la atención médica.
B2 adjective /ˈstaɪ.lɪʃ/

Stylish

elegante y atractivo; que tiene distinción o buen gusto en su apariencia
Meaning
fashionable and attractive; having elegance or taste in appearance
Example
She wore a stylish dress to the party.
Ella llevó un vestido elegante a la fiesta.
C1 noun kənˈɡlɒm.ər.ət

conglomerate

conglomerado
Meaning
A large corporation formed by the merging of separate and diverse firms.
Example
The company grew into a multinational conglomerate.
La compañía se convirtió en un conglomerado multinacional.
B2 noun /ˈmoʊ.tɪv/

Motive

motivo; razón; impulso
Meaning
a reason for doing something; what drives someone to act
Example
The police are investigating the motive for the crime.
La policía está investigando el motivo del crimen.
B2 noun ˌkɒn.fɪ.den.ʃiˈæl.ɪ.ti

confidentiality

confidencialidad
Meaning
The state of keeping or being kept secret or private
Example
Confidentiality is crucial in data security.
La confidencialidad es crucial en la seguridad de datos.
A1 interjection /haɪ/

hi

hola
Meaning
a friendly greeting used when meeting someone
Example
Hi, it's nice to meet you!
¡Hola, es un placer conocerte!
C2 adjective /ˈpjʊəraɪl/

puerile

infantil
Meaning
childishly silly or immature
Example
His puerile jokes annoyed the audience.
Sus bromas infantiles molestaron al público.
C2 noun /ˈbrɪɡ.ənd/

brigand

bandido
Meaning
A member of a gang that ambushes and robs people in forests or mountains; a bandit.
Example
The travelers were attacked by brigands in the mountains.
Los viajeros fueron atacados por bandidos en las montañas.
B2 noun /ˈbrʌðərhʊd/

brotherhood

hermandad
Meaning
The relationship between brothers; an association of people with common interests
Example
The soldiers shared a strong sense of brotherhood.
Los soldados compartieron un fuerte sentido de hermandad.
C2 verb /bɪˈɡaɪl/

beguile

encantar / engañar para atraer
Meaning
to charm or enchant someone, often in a deceptive way
Example
She beguiled the audience with her storytelling.
Ella cautivó a la audiencia con su narración.
C1 noun /ˈrɛzɪn/

resin

resina
Meaning
a sticky organic substance, usually secreted by plants, often used in varnishes or plastics
Example
The craftsman used natural resin to make the sculpture shine.
El artesano usó resina natural para hacer que la escultura brillara.
B1 noun /ˈrʌnər/

runner

felicidad
Meaning
a person who runs, especially in races or for exercise
Example
The runner crossed the finish line with a big smile.
No pudo esconder su felicidad cuando recibió el premio.
C1 noun kəˈmɛns.mənt

commencement

comienzo
Meaning
The beginning of something; a ceremony at which degrees or diplomas are conferred on graduating students.
Example
The commencement ceremony marked the start of a new journey.
La ceremonia de comienzo marcó el inicio de un nuevo viaje.
C1 noun, verb /məˈnuː.vər/

maneuver

maniobra / hábil
Meaning
a planned or skillful movement or action; to move skillfully or carefully
Example
The pilot maneuvered the plane through the storm.
El piloto maniobró el avión a través de la tormenta.
C2 verb /ˈhɛnˌpɛk/

henpeck

ser constantemente criticado o dominado por la esposa
Meaning
To continually criticize, nag, or dominate (especially a husband).
Example
He felt henpecked by his overly controlling wife.
Él se sintió controlado por su esposa excesivamente dominante.
C2 noun /ˈlæriət/

lariat

lazo
Meaning
A long rope with a noose at one end used to catch animals such as cattle or horses.
Example
The cowboy threw his lariat to catch the stray horse.
El vaquero lanzó su lazo para atrapar el caballo extraviado.
A2 adverb /ˈsʌm.taɪm/

sometime

algún día
Meaning
at a time that is not known or stated; occasionally
Example
Let's meet for coffee sometime next week.
Vamos a encontrarnos para tomar un café algún día la próxima semana.
C1 verb /ˌrɛzəˈrɛkt/

resurrect

resucitar
Meaning
To bring back to life or revive something from the past.
Example
The director decided to resurrect the old play for a new audience.
El director decidió resucitar la obra antigua para una nueva audiencia.
C2 adjective /daɪˈɜːrnəl/

diurnal

diurno
Meaning
active during the day; occurring daily
Example
Most birds are diurnal creatures, active in daylight hours.
La mayoría de las aves son criaturas diurnas, activas durante las horas de luz.
B1 verb /prəˈpoʊz/

propose

proponer
Meaning
to suggest an idea or plan for consideration; to ask someone to marry you
Example
I propose we take a short break.
Yo propongo que tomemos un pequeño descanso.
B1 noun /ˈlɔː.jər/

Lawyer

abogado
Meaning
a person who practices or studies law; an attorney or a counselor
Example
She hired a lawyer to handle her case.
Ella contrató a un abogado para manejar su caso.
B2 noun /ˈmɪn.ɪ.stri/

Ministry

ministerio
Meaning
A government department responsible for a particular area of public administration
Example
The Ministry of Education announced new policies for schools.
El Ministerio de Educación anunció nuevas políticas para las escuelas.
C1 verb /uːz/

ooze

filtrarse
Meaning
to slowly flow or leak out through small openings or pores
Example
Blood began to ooze from the small cut.
La sangre comenzó a filtrarse de la pequeña herida.
A2 noun /ækˈtɪv.ə.ti/

Activity

actividad; acción; tarea
Meaning
something that you do for interest or pleasure, or in order to achieve a particular aim
Example
Physical activity is important for good health.
La actividad física es importante para la buena salud.
B2 noun /spæn/

span

extensión
Meaning
the full extent or length of something from one end to another
Example
The bridge has a span of over 500 meters.
El puente tiene una extensión de más de 500 metros.
B1 noun /ˈkær.ə.væn/

Caravan

caravana
Meaning
a group of people traveling together, especially through desert areas
Example
The merchant caravan crossed the desert with camels carrying precious goods.
La caravana de comerciantes cruzó el desierto con camellos llevando bienes preciosos.
C2 adjective /ˈɪnˌbrɛd/

inbred

innato
Meaning
existing naturally in a person or animal; also related to reproduction within a limited community
Example
He has an inbred sense of loyalty.
Él tiene un sentido innato de lealtad.
C2 noun /ˈsaʊər wʊd ˈæp.əl/

Sour wood apple

manzana de elefante
Meaning
a tropical fruit with hard shell and tangy flesh; elephant apple
Example
The sour wood apple has a unique taste that many people enjoy.
La manzana de elefante tiene un sabor único que muchas personas disfrutan.
A2 noun /mɪˈsteɪk/

Mistake

error; equivocación;
Meaning
An action or judgment that is misguided or wrong; an error
Example
Making mistakes is part of the learning process.
Cometer errores es parte del proceso de aprendizaje.
B2 adverb /ˈsmɑːt.li/

Smartly

inteligentemente; con estilo; rápidamente
Meaning
in a clever or intelligent way; neatly and stylishly; quickly
Example
He was smartly dressed for the business meeting.
Estaba vestido de manera inteligente para la reunión de negocios.
C2 noun /dʒeɪp/

jape

broma, chiste
Meaning
A practical joke or humorous remark.
Example
He enjoyed a harmless jape with his friends.
Disfrutó de una broma inofensiva con sus amigos.
C2 verb /prɒɡˈnɒstɪkeɪt/

prognosticate

pronosticar
Meaning
To foretell or predict future events, especially based on current signs.
Example
Experts attempted to prognosticate the outcome of the election.
Los expertos intentaron pronosticar el resultado de las elecciones.
B2 adjective /ˈnoʊtɪsəbl/

noticeable

notable
Meaning
Easily seen, observed, or recognized.
Example
There was a noticeable improvement in her performance.
Hubo una mejora notable en su desempeño.
C2 noun /ˈeb.taɪd/

Ebb-tide

baja de marea
Meaning
the movement of the tide out to sea; a time when the sea level is falling
Example
During ebb-tide, we could walk further out on the beach.
Durante la baja de marea, podíamos caminar más lejos en la playa.
B2 adjective /məˈtjʊr/

mature

maduro
Meaning
fully developed or grown, especially emotionally or intellectually
Example
She has become a mature and confident leader.
Ella se ha convertido en una líder madura y segura de sí misma.
C1 verb /trænˈskraɪb/

transcribe

transcribir
Meaning
to make a written copy of spoken words or notes
Example
The secretary transcribed the meeting minutes.
La secretaria transcribió las actas de la reunión.
C2 adjective /ˌɪlˈneɪ.tʃəd/

ill-natured

de mal carácter
Meaning
Having a bad or unpleasant character; unkind or malicious.
Example
He made an ill-natured remark about his colleague.
Hizo un comentario de mal carácter sobre su colega.
C1 verb /məˈtɪərɪəlaɪz/

materialize

materializarse
Meaning
To become real or actual; to appear suddenly or in a physical form.
Example
The opportunity he had been waiting for finally materialized.
La oportunidad que había estado esperando finalmente se materializó.
A2 noun /skwɛə(r)/

square

cuadrado
Meaning
a shape with four equal straight sides and four right angles
Example
The table has a square shape.
La mesa tiene una forma cuadrada.
C1 noun /tɪˈmɪdəti/

timidity

timidez
Meaning
lack of courage or self-confidence
Example
His timidity kept him from speaking up during the meeting.
Su timidez le impidió hablar durante la reunión.
C2 noun /ˌæbsəˈluːʃən/

absolution

absolución
Meaning
formal release from guilt, obligation, or punishment
Example
The priest granted him absolution for his sins.
El sacerdote le concedió la absolución por sus pecados.
C2 noun /ˈjuːər/

ewer

jarra
Meaning
a large jug with a wide mouth, especially used in the past for carrying water
Example
The servant filled the ewer with fresh water.
El sirviente llenó la jarra con agua fresca.
A2 noun /ˈkɒm.ent/

comment

comentario
Meaning
a verbal or written remark expressing an opinion or reaction
Example
She posted a kind comment on my photo.
Ella publicó un comentario amable en mi foto.
C2 verb /ˈmæk.ɪ.neɪt/

machinate

maquinar
Meaning
to engage in plots or schemes, usually for harmful or evil purposes
Example
The rebels tried to machinate against the king.
Los rebeldes intentaron maquinar contra el rey.
B2 noun /bɪtʃ/

Bitch

perra;
Meaning
a female dog; an unpleasant or spiteful woman (offensive)
Example
The bitch gave birth to five puppies.
La perra dio a luz a cinco cachorros.
B1 verb /ɪnˈkriːst/

increased

aumentado
Meaning
became greater in size, amount, or degree
Example
The company's revenue increased last year.
Los ingresos de la compañía aumentaron el año pasado.
C2 adjective /ˈɛkstənt/

extant

existente
Meaning
Still in existence; surviving.
Example
Only a few manuscripts from the ancient library are extant.
Solo unos pocos manuscritos de la antigua biblioteca están extintos.
C1 noun ˌwɛðəraɪˈzeɪʃən

weatherization

climatización
Meaning
The practice of protecting a building and its interior from the elements.
Example
The house underwent weatherization to improve energy efficiency.
La casa pasó por un proceso de climatización para mejorar la eficiencia energética.
C2 adjective /ˈækwɪˌlaɪn/

aquiline

de pico de águila
Meaning
curved like an eagle's beak; hooked
Example
He had an aquiline nose that gave him a distinguished appearance.
Él tenía una nariz de pico de águila que le daba una apariencia distinguida.
B2 noun /ˈʌndərkləʊðz/

underclothes

ropa interior
Meaning
Clothing worn beneath outer clothes, such as underwear or lingerie
Example
He folded his underclothes neatly before packing them.
Él dobló su ropa interior cuidadosamente antes de empacarla.
C1 adjective /dɪˈmɛntɪd/

demented

demente / irracional
Meaning
behaving irrationally due to mental illness or extreme excitement
Example
He looked demented after hearing the shocking news.
Se veía demente después de escuchar la noticia impactante.
C2 noun /ˌæprəˈbeɪʃən/

approbation

aprobación / elogio
Meaning
approval or praise
Example
The plan won the approbation of the board members.
El plan ganó la aprobación de los miembros del consejo.
B1 noun sɪˈlek.ʃən

selection

selección
Meaning
The action or fact of carefully choosing someone or something as being the best or most suitable.
Example
The selection process is based on merit.
El proceso de selección se basa en el mérito.
A2 adjective /ˈsep.ər.ət/

Separate

separado; distinto; individual; aparte
Meaning
distinct; not connected; individual; apart
Example
Please keep your personal and professional lives separate.
Por favor, mantén tu vida personal y profesional separada.
A2 verb /ˈwʌri/

worry

preocuparse
Meaning
to feel anxious or troubled about something; to be concerned
Example
Don't worry about the exam results.
No te preocupes por los resultados del examen.
C1 adjective /ˈtɔːrtʃuəs/

tortuous

tortuoso, complicado
Meaning
Full of twists and turns; excessively complex or complicated.
Example
The tortuous mountain road made driving very difficult.
La tortuosa carretera de montaña hizo que conducir fuera muy difícil.
B2 adjective /aɪˈrɒnɪkəl/

ironical

irónico
Meaning
expressing irony; having the nature of irony
Example
Her ironical tone made everyone uncomfortable.
Su tono irónico hizo que todos se sintieran incómodos.
C2 verb /kənˈvʌls/

convulse

sacudirse violentamente; sufrir contracciones involuntarias repentinas
Meaning
to shake violently; to suffer sudden involuntary contractions
Example
The patient convulsed during the seizure.
El paciente convulsionó durante el ataque.
C2 verb /kəˈmɪŋɡəl/

commingle

mezclar
Meaning
To mix or blend different things together.
Example
The charity does not commingle donations with operational funds.
La caridad no mezcla las donaciones con los fondos operativos.
C1 adjective /dɪsˈrɛpjətəbl̩/

disreputable

desprestigiado
Meaning
having a bad reputation; not considered respectable or trustworthy
Example
The journalist avoided staying in the disreputable part of town.
El periodista evitó quedarse en la parte desprestigiada de la ciudad.
C2 adjective /ˈtræktəbəl/

tractable

fácil de controlar o influir
Meaning
easy to control or influence
Example
The child was surprisingly tractable during the long journey.
El niño fue sorprendentemente fácil de controlar durante el largo viaje.
C2 adjective /ˈviː.ni.əl/

Venial

perdonable; no gravemente malo; menor
Meaning
forgivable; not seriously wrong; minor
Example
His late arrival was considered a venial offense.
Su llegada tarde fue considerada una ofensa venial.
C2 noun /ɪnˌtɛl.ɪˈdʒɛntsi.ə/

intelligentsia

intelectuales
Meaning
The group of people engaged in intellectual and cultural pursuits in a society.
Example
The intelligentsia played a key role in shaping public opinion.
Los intelectuales jugaron un papel clave en la formación de la opinión pública.
B2 adjective /ˈɡræf.ɪk/

Graphic

gráfico; visual; vívido;
Meaning
relating to visual design; vivid; clearly described;
Example
The graphic design was colorful and eye-catching.
El diseño gráfico era colorido y llamativo.
B2 verb /wiːv/

weave

tejer
Meaning
to make cloth by interlacing threads; to move in and out
Example
She learned to weave beautiful carpets.
Ella aprendió a tejer alfombras hermosas.
B2 noun ˌpʌŋkˈtʃʊəlɪti

punctuality

puntualidad
Meaning
The quality of being on time; the habit of arriving or doing things at the agreed or proper time.
Example
Punctuality is a valued trait in professional settings.
La puntualidad es una cualidad valorada en los entornos profesionales.
B1 noun /ˈvɒl.juːm/

volume

volumen
Meaning
the amount of space that a substance or object occupies, or that is enclosed within a container
Example
The volume of water in the tank increased after the rain.
El volumen de agua en el tanque aumentó después de la lluvia.