ferry
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B1 verb /ˈfɛri/

ferry

transportar en ferry
Meaning
to transport by boat; to carry back and forth
Example
The boat ferried passengers across the river.
El bote transportó a los pasajeros a través del río.
B2 noun /ˈækni/

acne

acné
Meaning
a skin condition in which pores become inflamed and clogged, causing pimples and spots
Example
Regular cleansing and a balanced diet can help reduce acne.
La limpieza regular y una dieta equilibrada pueden ayudar a reducir el acné.
B2 noun /ˈɔːɡən/

organ

órgano
Meaning
a part of the body that performs a specific function
Example
The heart is an important organ in the human body.
El corazón es un órgano importante en el cuerpo humano.
B1 adverb /ɪnˈkriːsɪŋli/

increasingly

cada vez más
Meaning
more and more over time
Example
People are increasingly concerned about climate change.
Las personas están cada vez más preocupadas por el cambio climático.
B2 adjective /ˈrʌn daʊn/

run-down

deteriorado
Meaning
in a poor condition; worn out or neglected
Example
They live in a run-down house at the edge of town.
Viven en una casa deteriorada en las afueras de la ciudad.
C2 noun /ɡriːn ˈdʒækfruːt/

Green Jackfruit

jackfruit verde
Meaning
unripe fruit of the jackfruit tree, commonly used as a vegetable in cooking
Example
Green jackfruit is often used in curries and stews.
El jackfruit verde se usa a menudo en curris y estofados.
C2 noun /ˈnaɪɪˌlɪzəm/

nihilism

nihilismo
Meaning
The rejection of all religious and moral principles, often in the belief that life is meaningless.
Example
The philosopher was criticized for promoting nihilism.
El filósofo fue criticado por promover el nihilismo.
B2 adjective /ˈduː.əl/

Dual

dual
Meaning
having two parts or consisting of two elements; double
Example
She has dual citizenship of both countries.
Ella tiene doble ciudadanía de ambos países.
B2 verb /ɡraɪnd/

grind

moler
Meaning
to crush into small particles; to work hard
Example
She grinds coffee beans every morning.
Ella muele granos de café cada mañana.
A2 adjective /ˈwʊdən/

wooden

de madera
Meaning
made of wood
Example
The house had beautiful wooden floors.
La casa tenía hermosos pisos de madera.
A2 verb /əˈtækt/

attacked

atacó
Meaning
physically or verbally assaulted someone or something; launched an aggressive action against a target
Example
The soldiers attacked the enemy at dawn.
Los soldados atacaron al enemigo al amanecer.
B2 verb /ˈkɒmbæt/

combat

combatir
Meaning
to fight against something, especially to reduce or stop it
Example
The government is taking steps to combat corruption.
El gobierno está tomando medidas para combatir la corrupción.
C2 noun /ˈmækɪntɒʃ/

mackintosh

abrigo impermeable
Meaning
a waterproof raincoat, originally made from rubberized fabric
Example
He wore a mackintosh to stay dry in the rain.
Él usó un mackintosh para mantenerse seco bajo la lluvia.
B2 adjective /ˈɒp.ʃən.əl/

Optional

opcional
Meaning
not compulsory; left to choice
Example
Wearing a tie is optional for this event.
Usar una corbata es opcional para este evento.
B1 noun /ˈdaɪəɡræm/

diagram

diagrama
Meaning
a simplified drawing that shows the structure, relationship, or process of something
Example
The teacher explained the system using a clear diagram.
El profesor explicó el sistema usando un diagrama claro.
C1 noun /pəˈtɜːrnəti/

paternity

paternidad
Meaning
The state of being someone's father.
Example
He demanded a paternity test to confirm his relationship with the child.
Él pidió una prueba de paternidad para confirmar su relación con el niño.
C1 noun /ˈpɔɪ.nən.si/

poignancy

tristeza, congoja
Meaning
the quality of evoking a keen sense of sadness or regret; emotionally touching
Example
The poignancy of the farewell brought tears to everyone's eyes.
La tristeza de la despedida trajo lágrimas a los ojos de todos.
B2 adjective /ˌnɒnˈprɒfɪt/

nonprofit

sin fines de lucro
Meaning
an organization that does not aim to make a profit, often serving a social or charitable purpose.
Example
She works for a nonprofit organization that helps children.
Ella trabaja para una organización sin fines de lucro que ayuda a los niños.
C1 adjective /ɪˈleɪtɪd/

elated

extremadamente feliz
Meaning
Extremely happy and excited.
Example
She was elated when she heard the good news.
Estaba extremadamente feliz cuando escuchó las buenas noticias.
C2 verb /dɪˈpreɪv/

deprave

depravar
Meaning
to corrupt morally; to make someone immoral or wicked
Example
The novel was criticized for attempting to deprave the minds of young readers.
La novela fue criticada por intentar depravando las mentes de los jóvenes lectores.
A1 adverb /wʌns/

Once

una vez; alguna vez en el pasado
Meaning
one time only; at some time in the past; formerly
Example
I have been to Paris once in my life.
He estado en París una vez en mi vida.
A1 noun /ˈkwes.tʃən/

Question

pregunta; frase interrogativa;
Meaning
a sentence asking for information or a response; an interrogative expression
Example
The teacher asked a difficult question during the exam.
El maestro hizo una pregunta difícil durante el examen.
C1 adjective /ˈsʌn.dri/

sundry

diverso
Meaning
Various or miscellaneous.
Example
The shop sells fruits, clothes, and sundry items.
La tienda vende frutas, ropa y varios artículos.
C2 verb /ˈkævəl/

cavil

objetar de manera innecesaria
Meaning
to make petty or unnecessary objections
Example
She caviled at every detail of the plan.
Ella objetó innecesariamente cada detalle del plan.
C1 adjective /ˈɜːr.θən/

Earthen

hecho de tierra o arcilla; relacionado con la cerámica
Meaning
made of earth or clay; relating to pottery or ceramic materials
Example
The kitchen had beautiful earthen pots for storage.
La cocina tenía hermosas ollas de barro para almacenamiento.
B2 noun /kənˈvɪk.ʃən/

conviction

convicción
Meaning
A firmly held belief or opinion.
Example
She spoke with conviction, making everyone believe her.
Ella habló con convicción, haciendo que todos le creyera.
B1 verb /kwoʊt/

quote

citar
Meaning
to repeat someone else's words; to give a price or estimate
Example
The teacher asked students to quote the famous author in their essays.
El maestro pidió a los estudiantes que citaran al autor famoso en sus ensayos.
B2 noun/verb /skɔːrn/

scorn

desprecio
Meaning
the feeling or expression of contempt or disdain; to treat with contempt
Example
She looked at him with open scorn.
Ella lo miró con desprecio.
B2 verb /ˈflʌrɪʃ/

flourish

florecer
Meaning
To grow or develop in a healthy or successful way.
Example
Her business began to flourish after she introduced online sales.
Su negocio comenzó a florecer después de que introdujo las ventas en línea.
A2 verb /səˈdʒɛst/

suggest

sugerir
Meaning
to put forward an idea, plan, or recommendation for consideration
Example
He suggested going to the new restaurant for dinner.
Él sugirió ir al nuevo restaurante para la cena.
C1 noun /ˈstoʊəˌweɪ/

stowaway

polizón
Meaning
A person who hides on a ship, plane, or other vehicle in order to travel secretly without paying.
Example
The crew discovered a stowaway hiding in the cargo hold.
La tripulación descubrió un polizón escondido en el compartimento de carga.
C1 adjective /ˈvæljənt/

Valiant

valiente; heroico
Meaning
showing courage or determination; brave and heroic
Example
The valiant soldier fought bravely to protect his country.
El valiente soldado luchó valientemente para proteger su país.
C2 noun /ˈpɑːdreɪ/

padre

padre
Meaning
A title for a priest, especially in the Roman Catholic Church; also used informally for 'father'.
Example
The soldiers attended mass led by the padre.
Los soldados asistieron a la misa presidida por el padre.
C1 noun /ˌlɛ.seɪ ˈfɛər/

laissez-faire

política de no intervención
Meaning
An economic policy where government does not intervene in business affairs.
Example
Laissez-faire policies encourage private enterprise.
Las políticas de laissez-faire fomentan la empresa privada.
C1 noun ˌsæn.ɪ.taɪˈzeɪ.ʃən

sanitization

sanitización
Meaning
The process of cleaning and disinfecting to eliminate germs and bacteria.
Example
Regular sanitization keeps appliances germ-free.
La sanitización regular mantiene los aparatos libres de gérmenes.
C1 adjective /ˈpæl.ɪd/

Pallid

pálido, especialmente por mala salud; falta de sustancia o vitalidad
Meaning
pale, especially because of poor health; lacking substance or vitality
Example
His pallid complexion showed signs of illness.
Su rostro pálido mostraba signos de enfermedad.
A2 adjective /ɪkˈsaɪtɪŋ/

exciting

emocionante
Meaning
Causing great enthusiasm and eagerness.
Example
The journey has been an exciting experience.
El viaje ha sido una experiencia emocionante.
B2 noun /pledʒ/

Pledge

compromiso; promesa; garantía;
Meaning
a solemn promise or undertaking; something given as security for a loan; a commitment or guarantee
Example
He made a pledge to donate money to charity.
Hizo un compromiso de donar dinero a la caridad.
B2 verb /əˈkʌstəm/

accustom

acostumbrar
Meaning
to make someone familiar with something through regular experience or use
Example
It took him a while to accustom himself to the new environment.
Le tomó un tiempo acostumbrarse al nuevo entorno.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈtrɛpɪd/

intrepid

intrépido
Meaning
fearless and adventurous, often used humorously
Example
The intrepid traveler explored the jungle alone.
El intrépido viajero exploró la jungla solo.
C2 noun /ˌænɪmædˈvɜːʒən/

animadversion

crítica
Meaning
Strong criticism or censure.
Example
The policy attracted severe animadversion from the public.
La política atrajo una severa crítica del público.
B2 noun/verb /pɜːrk/

perk

beneficio
Meaning
A benefit or advantage associated with a job; or to become more lively or cheerful.
Example
One of the perks of working here is free lunch every Friday.
Uno de los beneficios de trabajar aquí es el almuerzo gratis todos los viernes.
B2 noun /ˈɡɑːr.di.ən/

Guardian

guardián; tutor
Meaning
a defender, protector, or keeper; a person legally responsible for the care of someone unable to manage their own affairs
Example
After her parents died, her uncle became her legal guardian and took care of her.
Después de que sus padres murieron, su tío se convirtió en su guardián legal y se encargó de su cuidado.
C1 noun /ˈpruːdəns/

prudence

prudencia
Meaning
The quality of being cautious, wise, and exercising good judgment.
Example
She invested her money with great prudence.
Ella invirtió su dinero con gran prudencia.
B1 noun /lenz/

lens

lente
Meaning
a curved piece of glass or plastic that makes things look clearer or larger when you look through it
Example
He cleaned the camera lens before taking the picture.
Él limpió la lente de la cámara antes de tomar la foto.
B2 noun /stɑːˈveɪ.ʃən/

Starvation

inanición
Meaning
suffering or death caused by lack of food; extreme hunger
Example
Many people died of starvation during the famine.
Muchas personas murieron de inanición durante la hambruna.
A2 noun /mæp/

map

mapa
Meaning
a drawing that shows the features of an area of land or sea
Example
He studied the map before starting his journey.
Estudió el mapa antes de comenzar su viaje.
C1 adjective /vɪˈveɪʃəs/

vivacious

vivaz
Meaning
Attractively lively and animated.
Example
She was admired for her vivacious personality.
Ella fue admirada por su personalidad vivaz.
B2 noun /ˈwel.feər/

Welfare

bienestar; prosperidad; salud
Meaning
the health, happiness, and fortunes of a person or group; care and support
Example
The government is responsible for the welfare of its citizens.
El gobierno es responsable del bienestar de sus ciudadanos.
C1 adverb /ʌnˈnætʃrəli/

unnaturally

de manera antinatural
Meaning
in a way that is not natural or normal; excessively or strangely
Example
He smiled unnaturally, making everyone feel uncomfortable.
Sonrió de manera antinatural, haciendo que todos se sintieran incómodos.
C1 adjective /ˈtɒp.məʊst/

Topmost

más alto; superior
Meaning
highest in position or rank
Example
The flag was placed on the topmost branch of the tree.
La bandera fue colocada en la rama más alta del árbol.
B2 adjective /ˈɪmɪnənt/

imminent

inminente
Meaning
About to happen; likely to occur very soon.
Example
Dark clouds signaled that a storm was imminent.
Las nubes oscuras señalaron que una tormenta era inminente.
A2 adverb /ˌdaʊnˈsteəz/

Downstairs

abajo
Meaning
on or to a lower floor of a building
Example
Please go downstairs and wait in the lobby.
Por favor, baja y espera en el vestíbulo.
C1 noun /vərˈnækjələr/

vernacular

lengua vernácula
Meaning
the language or dialect spoken by ordinary people in a particular region
Example
He gave his speech in the local vernacular so everyone could understand.
Él dio su discurso en la lengua vernácula local para que todos pudieran entender.
B1 noun /əˈtendəns/

Attendance

asistencia
Meaning
the action or state of going regularly to or being present at a place or event
Example
The teacher takes attendance at the beginning of each class.
El maestro toma la asistencia al comienzo de cada clase.
A2 noun /ˈkæm.əl/

Camel

camello
Meaning
a large animal with one or two humps on its back that lives in hot dry places
Example
The camel walked slowly across the desert sand.
El camello caminó lentamente por la arena del desierto.
B2 adjective /ʌnfəˈmɪl.jər/

Unfamiliar

desconocido; extraño
Meaning
not known or recognized; strange
Example
The city was unfamiliar to me since I had never been there before.
La ciudad me era desconocida porque nunca había estado allí antes.
A1 noun /ˈlaɪ.brər.i/

Library

biblioteca
Meaning
a building or room containing collections of books, periodicals, and sometimes films and recorded music for people to read, borrow, or refer to
Example
She goes to the library every weekend to study.
Ella va a la biblioteca todos los fines de semana para estudiar.
C2 noun /ænˈtɪstrəfi/

antistrophe

antístrofe (un recurso retórico)
Meaning
A rhetorical device in which a word or phrase is repeated at the end of successive clauses; in Greek choral poetry, the part of the ode sung by the chorus in return movement.
Example
The poet used antistrophe to emphasize the repeated phrase.
El poeta usó la antístrofe para enfatizar la frase repetida.
C1 verb /ˈpɒstʃʊleɪt/

postulate

postular
Meaning
to suggest or assume that something is true as the basis for reasoning or discussion
Example
Scientists postulate that life exists on other planets.
Los científicos postulan que la vida existe en otros planetas.
C2 adjective /ˈflʌməksd/

flummoxed

desconcertado
Meaning
Completely confused or bewildered.
Example
He looked flummoxed after hearing the strange question.
Él parecía desconcertado después de escuchar la extraña pregunta.
C1 noun əˌkred.ɪˈteɪ.ʃən

accreditation

acreditación
Meaning
The action or process of officially recognizing someone or something as having a particular status or being qualified to perform a particular activity.
Example
Accreditation ensures institutional credibility.
La acreditación asegura la credibilidad institucional.
B2 adjective /ˈrændəm/

Random

aleatorio
Meaning
without pattern or predetermined order; happening by chance
Example
She selected a random book from the library shelf.
Ella seleccionó un libro aleatorio de la estantería de la biblioteca.
C2 adjective /ɪmˈpæsɪbəl/

impassible

impasible
Meaning
Incapable of suffering or feeling pain (used mainly in theological or philosophical contexts).
Example
Some philosophers argue that God is impassible and cannot experience human emotions.
Algunos filósofos argumentan que Dios es impasible y no puede experimentar emociones humanas.
C2 noun /ˈspɒt.ɪd sneɪk hed/

Spotted snake head

pez cabeza de serpiente moteada
Meaning
a type of freshwater fish with spotted markings and an elongated head resembling a snake
Example
The spotted snake head is a popular fish for aquaculture in South Asia.
El pez cabeza de serpiente moteada es popular para la acuicultura en el sur de Asia.
C2 noun /ˌɪnkəˈpæsəti/

incapacity

incapacidad
Meaning
the lack of ability, power, or fitness to do something
Example
His mental incapacity prevented him from making important decisions.
Su incapacidad mental le impidió tomar decisiones importantes.
B2 verb /smæʃ/

smash

romper
Meaning
to break something into pieces violently
Example
She smashed the glass in frustration.
Ella rompió el vaso en frustración.
B2 noun /ˈɛθɪks/

ethics

ética
Meaning
moral principles that govern a person's behavior or the conduct of an activity
Example
Business ethics require companies to act fairly and responsibly.
La ética empresarial requiere que las empresas actúen de manera justa y responsable.
C2 verb /ˈblʌstər/

bluster

presumir
Meaning
to speak loudly in an aggressive or threatening way, often without real power
Example
The manager blustered about firing people but did nothing.
El gerente presumió sobre despedir a las personas, pero no hizo nada.
C2 verb /proʊˈskraɪb/

proscribe

proscribir
Meaning
to forbid something by law or authority
Example
The new law will proscribe the use of harmful chemicals in farming.
La nueva ley proscribirá el uso de productos químicos dañinos en la agricultura.
B2 noun ˌfoʊ.t̬oʊˈsɪn.θə.sɪs

photosynthesis

fotosíntesis
Meaning
The process by which green plants use sunlight to synthesize foods from carbon dioxide and water.
Example
Plants depend on photosynthesis for survival.
Las plantas dependen de la fotosíntesis para su supervivencia.
C1 adverb /ˈduːli/

Duly

puntualmente, debidamente
Meaning
in accordance with what is required or appropriate; at the proper time
Example
The documents were duly signed and submitted.
Los documentos fueron debidamente firmados y enviados.
C1 noun /ˈmjʊr.əl/

Mural

mural
Meaning
a painting or artwork applied directly on a wall or ceiling
Example
The artist painted a beautiful mural on the school wall.
El artista pintó un hermoso mural en la pared de la escuela.
C1 verb /fɔːrˈʃædoʊ/

foreshadow

presagiar
Meaning
To indicate or suggest something that will happen in the future
Example
Dark clouds foreshadowed an approaching storm.
Las nubes oscuras presagiaron una tormenta inminente.
B2 noun/verb /ˈɡlɪtər/

glitter

brillar
Meaning
To shine with bright, shimmering light; or decorative sparkles.
Example
Her dress glittered under the stage lights.
Su vestido brilló bajo las luces del escenario.
C1 adjective /dæft/

daft

tonto
Meaning
Silly or foolish.
Example
It was a daft idea to go hiking without water.
Fue una idea tonta ir a hacer senderismo sin agua.
B1 verb /rɪˈkʌvər/

recover

recuperar
Meaning
To return to a normal state of health, mind, or strength; to regain or save something.
Example
The world is struggling to recover from the pandemic.
El mundo está luchando por recuperarse de la pandemia.
C2 adjective /ˈdɔːnt.ləs/

dauntless

intrépido, valiente, resuelto
Meaning
Showing fearlessness and determination; brave and resolute.
Example
The dauntless soldier fought against all odds.
El soldado intrépido luchó contra todas las adversidades.
B1 noun /twɪn/

twin

gemelo
Meaning
either of two children born at the same time to the same mother
Example
They have twin girls.
Tienen gemelas.
C2 noun /ˈfaɪnəri/

finery

ropa o adornos lujosos
Meaning
expensive or elaborate clothes, decorations, or accessories
Example
She attended the party in her finest finery.
Ella asistió a la fiesta con su mejor vestimenta.
C2 noun /ˈdʒaɪənt sneɪk hɛd/

Giant snake head

cabeza de serpiente gigante
Meaning
a large predatory freshwater fish with an elongated body and snake-like head
Example
The giant snake head is a fierce predator that can survive out of water for hours.
La cabeza de serpiente gigante es un feroz depredador que puede sobrevivir fuera del agua durante horas.
C1 noun, adjective /ˈrɛvərənd/

reverend

reverendo, honorable
Meaning
A title of respect used for members of the clergy; deserving deep respect.
Example
The Reverend gave an inspiring sermon at the church.
El reverendo dio un sermón inspirador en la iglesia.
B2 noun ˈstræt.ɪ.dʒiz

strategies

estrategias
Meaning
A plan of action designed to achieve a long-term or overall aim; the art of planning and directing operations.
Example
Effective strategies can mitigate climate change impacts.
Las estrategias efectivas pueden mitigar los impactos del cambio climático.
C1 noun /ˈɛkstrəˌvɜːrt/

extrovert

extrovertido
Meaning
a person who is outgoing, sociable, and energized by being around other people
Example
As an extrovert, she enjoys meeting new people at social events.
Como extrovertida, le gusta conocer gente nueva en eventos sociales.
B1 adjective /ˈɜːrdʒənt/

Urgent

urgente
Meaning
requiring immediate action or attention; pressing
Example
The patient needs urgent medical attention.
El paciente necesita atención médica urgente.
B2 adjective /əˈfektɪd/

Affected

afectado; impactado
Meaning
influenced; impacted; touched by something
Example
The flood-affected areas need immediate assistance.
Las áreas afectadas por la inundación necesitan asistencia inmediata.
C2 adjective /ˈkɒs.ɪ.tɪd/

cosseted

sobreprotegido
Meaning
pampered, treated with excessive care and attention
Example
The cosseted child always got what he wanted.
El niño sobreprotegido siempre obtenía lo que quería.
A2 verb /sɜːrv/

serve

servir
Meaning
to provide service; to work for; to offer food or drink
Example
She serves breakfast at 8 AM every morning.
Ella sirve desayuno a las 8 AM cada mañana.
A1 verb /riːd/

read

leer
Meaning
to look at written words and understand their meaning
Example
I read books before going to bed.
Yo leo libros antes de acostarme.
A2 noun /saɪz/

size

tamaño
Meaning
the physical dimensions, proportions, or magnitude of something
Example
This shirt is too small in size for me.
Esta camisa es demasiado pequeña en tamaño para mí.
C2 adjective /pərˈsuːənt/

pursuant

de acuerdo con
Meaning
in accordance with or following something, especially a law or rule
Example
The decision was made pursuant to the regulations.
La decisión se tomó de acuerdo con los reglamentos.
C1 noun /ˌæŋɡloʊ ˈsæksən/

anglo-saxon

anglosajón
Meaning
A member of the Germanic peoples who settled in England in the early Middle Ages; also relating to their language or culture.
Example
The Anglo-Saxon period greatly influenced English culture and language.
El periodo anglosajón influyó enormemente en la cultura y la lengua inglesa.
B2 verb /slæm/

slam

golpear con fuerza
Meaning
to close or hit something with great force
Example
He slammed the door angrily after the argument.
Él slaméo la puerta enojado después de la discusión.
B1 noun /pəˈpaɪə/

Papaya

papaya
Meaning
a large orange tropical fruit with sweet orange flesh and black seeds
Example
Papaya is rich in vitamins and very good for health.
La papaya es rica en vitaminas y muy buena para la salud.
C1 verb /ˈprɒfər/

proffer

ofrecer, presentar
Meaning
to offer something for acceptance; to present
Example
She proffered her hand as a sign of friendship.
Ella ofreció su mano como señal de amistad.
C2 adjective /ˈfækʃəs/

factious

faccionado
Meaning
causing disagreement or division within a group; inclined to form factions
Example
The debate became factious, splitting the committee into rival camps.
El debate se volvió faccioso, dividiendo al comité en campos rivales.
C2 adverb /hərˈmɛtɪkli/

hermetically

de manera hermética
Meaning
In a way that is completely airtight or sealed off.
Example
The jars were hermetically sealed to preserve freshness.
Los tarros fueron sellados herméticamente para preservar la frescura.
C1 verb /skʌlpt/

sculpt

felicidad
Meaning
to create or shape something by carving or molding
Example
The artist sculpted a beautiful statue from marble.
Ella no pudo ocultar su felicidad cuando recibió el premio.
A2 phrasal verb /bæk ʌp/

back up

respaldar; hacer una copia de seguridad; retroceder
Meaning
to support or help someone; to make a copy of data for safety; to move backward
Example
Please back up your files before updating the system.
Por favor, haz una copia de seguridad de tus archivos antes de actualizar el sistema.
C2 noun /ˈhʌstɪŋz/

hustings

campaña electoral
Meaning
the political campaigning and speeches before an election
Example
The candidate gained popularity during the hustings.
El candidato ganó popularidad durante la campaña electoral.
C1 noun ɪkˌstræp.əˈleɪ.ʃən

extrapolation

extrapolación
Meaning
The action of estimating or concluding something by assuming that existing trends will continue.
Example
His extrapolation of market trends helped in financial planning.
Su extrapolación de las tendencias del mercado ayudó en la planificación financiera.
C2 noun /ɪnˈsaɪzər/

incisor

incisivo
Meaning
a narrow-edged tooth at the front of the mouth, adapted for cutting
Example
The dentist noted that his upper left incisor was chipped.
El dentista notó que su incisivo superior izquierdo estaba astillado.
C1 noun /ˈdaʊri/

dowry

dote
Meaning
Property or money brought by a bride to her husband at marriage.
Example
The dowry tradition is still followed in some cultures.
La tradición del dote aún se sigue en algunas culturas.
C1 adjective /ʌnˈtʃælɪndʒd/

Unchallenged

incontestable; aceptado sin oposición; sin rival
Meaning
not disputed or questioned; accepted without opposition; having no rival
Example
He remained the unchallenged champion for five years.
Él permaneció como el campeón indiscutido durante cinco años.
C2 noun /ʃɪˈkeɪnəri/

chicanery

engaño
Meaning
The use of trickery or deception to achieve a purpose.
Example
The politician was accused of chicanery to win the election.
Se acusó al político de engaño para ganar las elecciones.
B2 adjective /kəʊˈɒpərətɪv/

cooperative

cooperativo
Meaning
willing to work or act together with others for a common purpose
Example
She was very cooperative during the interview process.
Ella fue muy cooperativa durante el proceso de la entrevista.
C1 noun /kræɡ/

crag

un acantilado o roca empinada
Meaning
a steep or rugged cliff or rock face
Example
The hikers climbed the jagged crag to reach the summit.
Los excursionistas subieron el acantilado escarpado para llegar a la cima.
C1 noun /blɒˈkeɪd/

Blockade

bloqueo
Meaning
an act or means of sealing off a place to prevent goods or people from entering or leaving
Example
The naval blockade prevented supplies from reaching the port.
El bloqueo naval impidió que los suministros llegaran al puerto.
C1 adverb /ˌɪn.ədˈvɜːr.tənt.li/

Inadvertently

inadvertidamente; sin intención; por error
Meaning
without being aware of what you are doing; unintentionally; by mistake
Example
She inadvertently deleted the important file while cleaning her computer.
Ella eliminó accidentalmente el archivo importante mientras limpiaba su computadora.
C1 verb /skɪmp/

skimp

escatimar
Meaning
to use less of something than is necessary in order to save money or effort
Example
Don’t skimp on quality when buying a new laptop.
No escatimes en calidad al comprar una nueva laptop.
B2 noun /ˈkrɪtɪk/

critic

crítico
Meaning
A person who judges the merits of something, especially art or literature
Example
The film critic praised the director's latest movie.
El crítico de cine elogió la última película del director.
C1 adjective /ˈreɡ.jʊ.lə.tər.i/

Regulatory

regulatorio
Meaning
Having the power to control or govern something through rules and regulations.
Example
The government enforces regulatory policies for financial stability.
El gobierno aplica políticas regulatorias para la estabilidad financiera.
B2 adjective /self səˈfɪʃənt/

Self-sufficient

autosuficiente
Meaning
able to provide for oneself without depending on others
Example
The farm is completely self-sufficient in producing vegetables.
La granja es completamente autosuficiente en la producción de verduras.
C1 noun ˌæmbɪˈɡjuːɪti

ambiguity

ambigüedad, vaguedad
Meaning
The quality of being open to more than one interpretation; inexactness.
Example
The ambiguity of the statement caused confusion among the team.
La ambigüedad de la declaración causó confusión en el equipo.
C1 noun /pəˈrɛnθəsɪs/

parenthesis

paréntesis
Meaning
A pair of curved marks ( ) used to enclose words or numbers; also an interruption or digression in speech or writing.
Example
The explanation was given in a parenthesis within the text.
La explicación se dio en un paréntesis dentro del texto.
B1 adverb /ˈpraʊdli/

proudly

con orgullo
Meaning
in a way that shows pride or satisfaction; with a sense of honor or achievement
Example
She proudly displayed her achievements to her family.
Ella mostró con orgullo sus logros a su familia.
C1 noun /ɪˈnɔːrmɪti/

enormity

enormidad
Meaning
The extreme scale, seriousness, or extent of something perceived as bad or morally wrong.
Example
The enormity of the crime shocked the entire community.
La enormidad del crimen sorprendió a toda la comunidad.
B2 adjective /hɪˈspænɪk/

hispanic

hispánico / de habla española
Meaning
relating to Spain or Spanish-speaking countries, especially Latin America.
Example
She studies Hispanic culture and language.
Ella estudia la cultura y el idioma hispánico.
B2 noun /ˈpɛzənt/

peasant

campesino
Meaning
a poor farmer or agricultural laborer who owns or rents a small piece of land for cultivation
Example
The peasant worked hard in the fields from dawn to dusk.
El campesino trabajó arduamente en los campos desde el amanecer hasta el atardecer.
B1 noun ˈdʒʌstɪs

justice

justicia
Meaning
Just behavior or treatment; the quality of being fair and reasonable.
Example
Justice is sought by the oppressed characters in the story.
La justicia es buscada por los personajes oprimidos en la historia.
B2 verb /ˈpɒndər/

ponder

pensar cuidadosamente
Meaning
to think about something carefully
Example
She pondered over the meaning of the poem.
Ella ponderó sobre el significado del poema.