Downpour
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C1 noun /ˈdaʊn.pɔːr/

Downpour

lluvia torrencial; tormenta repentina
Meaning
a heavy fall of rain; a sudden heavy rainfall
Example
The sudden downpour caught everyone off guard and soaked the outdoor event.
La repentina lluvia torrencial sorprendió a todos y empapó el evento al aire libre.
B2 verb /reɪl/

rail

quejarse
Meaning
to complain or protest strongly about something
Example
He railed against the unfair decision.
Él se quejó contra la decisión injusta.
C1 verb, noun /ˈflʌstər/

fluster

confundir
Meaning
to make someone agitated or confused
Example
The unexpected question flustered him.
La pregunta inesperada lo confundió.
C1 adverb /ˈhed ɑn/

Head-on

de frente
Meaning
directly facing; in direct confrontation or collision
Example
The two cars collided head-on at the intersection.
Los dos autos colisionaron de frente en la intersección.
C1 adjective /ˈsteɪtli/

stately

majestuoso y digno
Meaning
Having a dignified, majestic, and impressive appearance or manner.
Example
The stately mansion stood at the end of the long driveway.
La majestuosa mansión se encontraba al final del largo camino de entrada.
C1 adjective /dɪˈmɛntɪd/

demented

demente / irracional
Meaning
behaving irrationally due to mental illness or extreme excitement
Example
He looked demented after hearing the shocking news.
Se veía demente después de escuchar la noticia impactante.
A2 adjective /waɪld/

Wild

salvaje; indomesticado
Meaning
living in natural conditions; not domesticated or cultivated; uncontrolled
Example
We saw wild animals in the forest.
Vimos animales salvajes en el bosque.
B1 verb /pərˈfɔːrm/

perform

realizar
Meaning
to carry out an action or present entertainment; to function
Example
The orchestra will perform at the concert hall tonight.
La orquesta realizará una presentación en el salón de conciertos esta noche.
B1 verb /slɪp/

slip

resbalar
Meaning
to lose balance or fall while moving, or to accidentally slide from a position
Example
She slipped on the wet floor and fell.
Ella se resbaló en el piso mojado y cayó.
B2 noun /ˈdaɪ.vər/

Diver

buceador
Meaning
a type of water bird that dives underwater to catch fish
Example
The diver disappeared beneath the surface to catch a fish.
El buceador desapareció bajo la superficie para atrapar un pez.
C2 noun /ˈpoʊ.ɪˌtæs.tər/

poetaster

un poeta inferior o trivial
Meaning
an inferior or trivial poet
Example
He was mocked as a poetaster by the literary critics.
Fue ridiculizado como un poetáster por los críticos literarios.
C1 adjective /ˈspɛərɪŋ/

sparing

ahorrativo / moderado
Meaning
Using or giving only a little of something; economical.
Example
She is sparing in her use of words.
Ella es económica en el uso de las palabras.
B2 noun /ˈlep.ərd/

Leopard

leopardo
Meaning
a large wild cat with yellow fur and black spots
Example
The leopard climbed the tree to rest in the shade.
El leopardo subió al árbol para descansar en la sombra.
C1 adjective /ˈneɡ.lɪ.dʒə.bəl/

Negligible

insignificante
Meaning
so small or unimportant as to be not worth considering; insignificant
Example
The side effects of this medicine are negligible.
Los efectos secundarios de este medicamento son insignificantes.
C2 noun /ˈræʃənəlɪzəm/

rationalism

racionalismo
Meaning
a belief or theory that opinions and actions should be based on reason and knowledge rather than religious belief or emotion
Example
Rationalism emphasizes logic and reasoning over faith.
El racionalismo enfatiza la lógica y el razonamiento por encima de la fe.
B2 noun /əˈmɛnəti/

amenity

comodidad
Meaning
a useful or pleasant facility or feature of a place
Example
The apartment has every amenity needed for comfortable living.
El apartamento tiene todas las comodidades necesarias para vivir cómodamente.
B2 noun /ˈɡʌvərnər/

governor

gobernador
Meaning
An official appointed or elected to govern a state, territory, or organization.
Example
The governor addressed the citizens about the upcoming election.
El gobernador dirigió a los ciudadanos sobre las próximas elecciones.
A1 preposition /ɪn ˈfrʌnt əv/

in front of

delante de
Meaning
positioned before or ahead of something; facing or located at the forward side of a person or object
Example
She stood in front of the building.
Ella estaba de pie delante del edificio.
C1 verb /ˌriːˈkɒn.stɪ.tʃuːt/

reconstitute

reconstituir
Meaning
to restore something to its original form or state; to reassemble
Example
The group was reconstituted after the leader returned.
El grupo fue reconstituido después de que el líder regresó.
C1 phrase lɪˈdʒɪt.ɪ.mət sɛlf dɪˈfens

legitimate self-defense

defensa legítima
Meaning
Lawful protection of oneself from harm or attack.
Example
The country claimed it was legitimate self-defense.
El país afirmó que era defensa legítima.
C1 adjective /ˌɪnhɒˈspɪtəbl/

inhospitable

inhóspito
Meaning
Harsh and difficult to live in; unfriendly or unwelcoming to guests.
Example
The desert is an inhospitable environment for most plants.
El desierto es un ambiente inhóspito para la mayoría de las plantas.
C2 adjective /rɪˈmɪs/

remiss

negligente
Meaning
Negligent in performing a duty or responsibility.
Example
The manager was remiss in not checking the financial reports carefully.
El gerente fue negligente al no revisar cuidadosamente los informes financieros.
B1 adjective ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk

scientific

científico
Meaning
Based on or characterized by the methods and principles of science.
Example
Scientific discoveries continue to shape our understanding of the world.
Los descubrimientos científicos siguen dando forma a nuestra comprensión del mundo.
C1 verb /ˈdʒʌmbəl/

jumble

mezclar
Meaning
to mix things together in a confused or untidy way
Example
Don't jumble all the papers together in one pile.
No mezcles todos los papeles en una sola pila.
C1 adverb /ˈæmpli/

amply

ampliamente
Meaning
more than sufficiently; generously
Example
She was amply rewarded for her hard work.
Ella fue generosamente recompensada por su arduo trabajo.
C1 adjective /ˌʃoʊ.vəˈnɪs.tɪk/

chauvinistic

chauvinista
Meaning
Displaying or characterized by excessive or prejudiced loyalty or support, especially towards one's own gender or group.
Example
His chauvinistic attitude alienated many of his female colleagues.
Su actitud chauvinista alienó a muchas de sus compañeras de trabajo.
C1 noun /ˈdel.ɪ.kə.si/

Delicacy

delicadeza; un alimento delicado o costoso;
Meaning
fineness of texture or structure; a choice or expensive food; sensitivity in handling
Example
The chef prepared a local delicacy that was famous throughout the region.
El chef preparó una delicadeza local que era famosa en toda la región.
C2 adjective /rəˈpeɪ.ʃəs/

rapacious

rapaz
Meaning
having an extreme desire to take things for oneself, greedy
Example
The rapacious landlord raised the rent without reason.
El dueño de la casa rapaz subió el alquiler sin razón.
B2 noun əˌpriː.ʃiˈeɪ.ʃən

appreciation

apreciación
Meaning
An increase in the value of an asset over time.
Example
Real estate properties often experience appreciation over time.
Las propiedades inmobiliarias a menudo experimentan apreciación con el tiempo.
B2 adjective /ˈsɜːrkjələr/

circular

circular
Meaning
shaped like a circle; round in form
Example
The kids sat in a circular arrangement around the campfire.
Los niños se sentaron en una disposición circular alrededor de la fogata.
B1 noun ˈbæl.ənst daɪ.ət

balanced diet

dieta equilibrada
Meaning
A diet consisting of the proper quantities and proportions of foods needed to maintain health or growth.
Example
A balanced diet is essential for maintaining good health.
Una dieta equilibrada es esencial para mantener una buena salud.
B2 noun /ˈtɒl.ər.əns/

Tolerance

tolerancia
Meaning
the ability to accept different opinions or behavior; willingness to allow something to exist
Example
Religious tolerance is important in a diverse society.
La tolerancia religiosa es importante en una sociedad diversa.
C1 noun ˈæŋkərɪdʒ

anchorage

ancoraje
Meaning
A secure holding place; a place where ships can anchor safely.
Example
The boat was anchored near the shore for safety.
El bote fue anclado cerca de la orilla por seguridad.
C2 noun /ˈdɛkəˌpɒd/

decapod

decápodo
Meaning
An arthropod with ten limbs, such as crabs, lobsters, and shrimps.
Example
The lobster is a well-known decapod.
La langosta es un decápodo bien conocido.
C2 noun /ˈkeɪ.nə.naɪt/

canaanite

cananeo
Meaning
a member of a people who lived in the ancient land of Canaan in the Middle East
Example
The Canaanites were known for their advanced trade networks.
Los cananeos eran conocidos por sus avanzadas redes comerciales.
A2 noun /ˈsɪə.ri.əl/

cereal

Meaning
a common breakfast food made from processed grains such as wheat, oats, or corn
Example
She eats a bowl of cereal every morning before work.
B2 noun /rɪˈfɔːr.mər/

Reformer

reformista
Meaning
a person who works to bring about positive changes in society or institutions
Example
The social reformer dedicated her life to improving education for all children.
La reformista social dedicó su vida a mejorar la educación para todos los niños.
A1 conjunction /ðæn/

than

que
Meaning
used to introduce the second element in a comparison
Example
She is taller than her brother.
Ella es más alta que su hermano.
C1 noun /pərˈvɜr.sə.ti/

Perversity

perversidad; obstinación;
Meaning
deliberate determination to behave in an unreasonable or unacceptable way; the quality of being contrary or obstinate
Example
His perversity in refusing help frustrated everyone.
su perversidad al rechazar ayuda frustró a todos.
B2 adjective /ˌɪnsɪˈkjʊə/

insecure

inseguro
Meaning
not confident or assured; uncertain and anxious
Example
She felt insecure about her performance in the exam.
Ella se sintió insegura acerca de su desempeño en el examen.
C1 verb /per/

pare

pelar
Meaning
to cut away the outer covering or reduce something gradually
Example
She pared the apple before eating it.
Ella peló la manzana antes de comerla.
B2 noun /ˈsɪmbəl/

Symbol

símbolo
Meaning
a mark or character used as a conventional representation of an object, function, or process
Example
The dove is a symbol of peace.
La paloma es un símbolo de paz.
A2 verb /beɪk/

bake

hornear
Meaning
to cook food using dry heat, usually in an oven
Example
She baked a cake for her friend's birthday.
Ella horneó un pastel para el cumpleaños de su amiga.
B1 noun /rɪˈpɔːtɪŋ/

reporting

informes
Meaning
the act of giving news or information about something
Example
Good reporting is essential for public awareness.
Un buen informe es esencial para la conciencia pública.
B1 noun /ˈkrɪtɪˌsɪzəm/

criticism

crítica
Meaning
The expression of disapproval or judgment of the merits of something
Example
The new policy has faced a lot of criticism from the public.
La nueva política ha recibido mucha crítica por parte del público.
B1 adjective /ˌʌnˈɪntrəstɪŋ/

uninteresting

aburrido
Meaning
not holding attention or curiosity; boring
Example
The lecture was uninteresting and difficult to stay focused on.
La conferencia fue aburrida y difícil de seguir.
A2 noun /spuːn/

Spoon

cuchara
Meaning
an implement consisting of a small, shallow bowl on a long handle, used for eating, stirring, and serving food
Example
He used a spoon to eat his soup.
Él usó una cuchara para comer su sopa.
A1 verb /ɪnˈdʒɔɪ/

enjoy

disfrutar
Meaning
to take pleasure in; to have a good time
Example
I enjoy reading books in my free time.
Disfruto leer libros en mi tiempo libre.
C1 verb /ˌoʊvərˈʃædoʊ/

overshadow

opacar
Meaning
to appear more important or significant than something else, reducing its impact
Example
The scandal overshadowed his achievements.
El escándalo opacó sus logros.
C2 noun /ɪɡˈzɛmplɑːr/

exemplar

ejemplo
Meaning
A model or pattern to be copied or imitated.
Example
She is an exemplar of kindness and generosity.
Ella es un ejemplo de amabilidad y generosidad.
C2 noun /naɪˈdʒel.ə/

Nigella

comino negro
Meaning
small black seeds with a nutty, slightly bitter flavor, also known as black cumin or black seed
Example
Sprinkle nigella seeds on top of the bread before baking.
Espolvorea semillas de comino negro encima del pan antes de hornear.
B1 noun /ˈænəlɪst/

analyst

analista
Meaning
a person who studies or examines something carefully to understand it or make decisions
Example
The financial analyst predicted a rise in the stock market.
El analista financiero predijo un aumento en el mercado de valores.
A2 adjective /tʌf/

tough

duro
Meaning
strong, durable, and difficult to break or deal with
Example
He had a tough day at work.
Tuvo un día duro en el trabajo.
C1 adjective /ɪmˈpɜːmiəbl/

impermeable

impermeable
Meaning
Not allowing fluid or gas to pass through.
Example
The container is made of impermeable plastic.
El contenedor está hecho de plástico impermeable.
A2 noun /nɒk/

Knock

golpe; toquido
Meaning
a sudden sharp blow; the sound of striking something
Example
There was a loud knock at the door late at night.
Hubo un fuerte golpe en la puerta a medianoche.
C1 noun /ˈfɒdər/

fodder

forraje
Meaning
food for livestock such as cattle, horses, or sheep; also something considered of little value but used to supply a demand
Example
The farmer stored enough fodder for the cattle to last through winter.
El granjero almacenó suficiente forraje para que el ganado tuviera suficiente durante el invierno.
C2 noun /ˈdʒaɪənt sneɪk hɛd/

Giant snake head

cabeza de serpiente gigante
Meaning
a large predatory freshwater fish with an elongated body and snake-like head
Example
The giant snake head is a fierce predator that can survive out of water for hours.
La cabeza de serpiente gigante es un feroz depredador que puede sobrevivir fuera del agua durante horas.
B2 adjective /aɪˈdentɪkəl/

Identical

idéntico; exactamente igual
Meaning
exactly the same; not different in any way
Example
The twins look completely identical to each other.
Los gemelos se ven completamente idénticos entre sí.
A1 adjective /ɪmˈpɔː.tənt/

important

importante
Meaning
Of great significance or value; likely to have a profound effect on success, survival, or well-being.
Example
Important steps must be taken to address pollution.
Se deben tomar pasos importantes para abordar la contaminación.
B2 verb /əˈraɪz/

arise

surgir
Meaning
to begin to exist or to happen
Example
Problems may arise if you don't plan ahead.
Pueden surgir problemas si no planeas con anticipación.
B2 noun /prəˈtɛktər/

protector

protector
Meaning
a person or thing that protects someone or something
Example
The dog was seen as the family's protector.
El perro fue visto como el protector de la familia.
B2 verb /əˈfend/

offend

ofender
Meaning
to cause displeasure or resentment; to hurt someone's feelings
Example
His rude comments offended many people at the meeting.
Sus comentarios groseros ofendieron a muchas personas en la reunión.
C2 noun /ˈtæmbər/ or /ˈtɪmbər/

timbre

característica del sonido musical o de la voz
Meaning
The character or quality of a musical sound or voice as distinct from its pitch and intensity.
Example
Her voice had a warm timbre that soothed the audience.
Su voz tenía un cálido timbre que calmaba a la audiencia.
C2 noun, verb /ˈfɪlɪˌbʌstər/

filibuster

una táctica de retrasar la acción legislativa mediante discursos prolongados; usar tal táctica
Meaning
a tactic of delaying legislative action by prolonged speech; to use such a tactic
Example
The senator filibustered for hours to prevent the bill from passing.
El senador filibusteó durante horas para evitar que se aprobara el proyecto de ley.
A1 adverb /ˈsʌm.taɪmz/

Sometimes

a veces
Meaning
at times; occasionally; now and then
Example
Sometimes I go for a walk in the evening.
A veces doy un paseo por la tarde.
B2 noun /ˈaʊt.saɪ.dər/

Out-sider

extranjero
Meaning
a person who does not belong to a particular group; someone not accepted by a group
Example
As an outsider, he found it difficult to understand their traditions.
Como extranjero, le resultó difícil entender sus tradiciones.
C1 adjective /dræb/

drab

monótono
Meaning
Dull, lacking brightness or interest; monotonous.
Example
The room looked drab with its gray walls and dim lighting.
La habitación parecía monótona con sus paredes grises y luz tenue.
C1 noun /rɪˌsɛptɪˈvɪti/

receptivity

receptividad
Meaning
The ability or willingness to receive something, especially signals or stimuli.
Example
Her receptivity to new ideas helped improve the project.
Su receptividad a nuevas ideas ayudó a mejorar el proyecto.
C1 noun /ˈmenəs/

Menace

amenaza
Meaning
A person or thing that is likely to cause harm; a threat
Example
The reckless driver was a menace to everyone on the road.
El conductor imprudente era una amenaza para todos en la carretera.
C2 noun /ˈpɪnjən/

pinion

un engranaje pequeño o la parte externa del ala de un pájaro; restringir o inmovilizar
Meaning
a small gear or the outer part of a bird's wing; to restrain or immobilize
Example
The bird's pinion was injured, preventing it from flying.
La pinión del pájaro estaba herida, lo que le impedía volar.
C1 adverb /ˌɪn.ədˈvɜːr.tənt.li/

Inadvertently

inadvertidamente; sin intención; por error
Meaning
without being aware of what you are doing; unintentionally; by mistake
Example
She inadvertently deleted the important file while cleaning her computer.
Ella eliminó accidentalmente el archivo importante mientras limpiaba su computadora.
B2 noun ˈpɛstɪˌsaɪd

pesticide

pesticida
Meaning
A substance used for destroying insects or other organisms harmful to cultivated plants or to animals.
Example
The pesticide sprayed in the field killed the harmful insects.
El pesticida rociado en el campo mató a los insectos dañinos.
B2 noun /ˈtɔːrsoʊ/

torso

torso
Meaning
The trunk of the human body, excluding the head and limbs.
Example
The artist painted the torso of the model in great detail.
El artista pintó el torso del modelo con gran detalle.
C1 noun /ɪˈklɪps/

Eclipse

eclipse (del sol o la luna)
Meaning
an obscuring of light from one celestial body by another; a decline or loss
Example
The total solar eclipse darkened the sky for several minutes.
El eclipse solar total oscureció el cielo durante varios minutos.
C1 noun /wɪsp/

wisp

un pequeño racimo o trozo
Meaning
A small thin or twisted bunch, piece, or amount of something.
Example
A wisp of smoke rose from the chimney.
Una wisp de humo subió por la chimenea.
C1 adjective /ʌnˈmɒdɪfaɪd/

unmodified

sin modificar
Meaning
not changed from its original form or state
Example
The data was used in its unmodified form for analysis.
Los datos se usaron en su forma sin modificar para el análisis.
B2 noun /droʊn/

Drone

abeja macho
Meaning
a male bee that does not work and whose only function is to mate with the queen
Example
The drone bees do not collect honey like worker bees.
Los drones no recolectan miel como las abejas obreras.
C1 adjective /ɪmˈprɒbəbl/

improbable

improbable
Meaning
Not likely to be true or to happen.
Example
It seems improbable that he will arrive on time.
Parece improbable que llegue a tiempo.
B1 adverb /ˈʌðərwaɪz/

Otherwise

de otra manera; si no; o sino
Meaning
in a different way; if not; or else; apart from that
Example
Study hard, otherwise you will fail the exam.
Estudia mucho, de lo contrario, reprobarás el examen.
B2 adjective /ˈjuːθfəl/

Youthful

juvenil; lleno de energía y frescura
Meaning
having the qualities of youth; energetic and fresh
Example
Her youthful energy impressed everyone at work.
Su energía juvenil impresionó a todos en el trabajo.
C1 noun /ˈnɔːrməlsi/

normalcy

normalidad
Meaning
The condition of being normal; a return to usual or expected conditions.
Example
After the flood, the town struggled to regain a sense of normalcy.
Después de la inundación, la ciudad luchó por recuperar un sentido de normalidad.
C1 noun /ˈpɔː.pəs/

Porpoise

delfín
Meaning
a small toothed whale with a low triangular dorsal fin and a blunt rounded snout
Example
The porpoise jumped gracefully out of the water.
El delfín saltó grácilmente fuera del agua.
A2 verb /ˈtʃeɪndʒɪŋ/

changing

cambio
Meaning
The act of becoming different; ongoing process of change.
Example
The weather is changing rapidly.
El clima está cambiando rápidamente.
B1 verb /rɪˈvaɪz/

revise

revisar
Meaning
To change, improve, or update something, especially a written work.
Example
She had to revise her essay before submission.
Ella tuvo que revisar su ensayo antes de la entrega.
C2 verb /ɪnˈfætʃueɪt/

infatuate

embelesar
Meaning
to inspire with an intense but short-lived passion or admiration
Example
He was infatuated with her beauty.
Él estaba fascinado por su belleza.
C1 adverb /suːˈpɜːb.li/

Superbly

de manera excelente
Meaning
in an excellent or outstanding manner
Example
She performed superbly in the dance competition.
Ella actuó de manera excelente en la competencia de danza.
A2 noun /kæʃ/

cash

efectivo
Meaning
money in the form of bills or coins, not checks or credit
Example
She paid the bill in cash.
Ella pagó la factura en efectivo.
C2 noun /vɛkˈseɪʃən/

vexation

exasperación
Meaning
the state of being annoyed, frustrated, or worried
Example
She could not hide her vexation after the repeated delays.
Ella no pudo esconder su exasperación después de los repetidos retrasos.
A1 noun /breɪk/

break

pausa
Meaning
A pause in work or during an activity or event.
Example
Short breaks refresh your mind.
Las pausas cortas refrescan tu mente.
C1 noun /ˈɒn.slɔːt/

onslaught

asalto
Meaning
A fierce or destructive attack.
Example
The village faced an onslaught of enemy forces.
El pueblo enfrentó un asalto de las fuerzas enemigas.
C1 adjective /priːˈɛmɪnənt/

preeminent

preeminente
Meaning
Surpassing all others; very distinguished in some way.
Example
She is a preeminent scientist in the field of genetics.
Ella es una científica preeminente en el campo de la genética.
B1 noun /wɜːrm/

Worm

gusano
Meaning
a long, soft-bodied invertebrate animal that lives in soil
Example
The bird caught a worm from the garden soil.
El pájaro atrapó un gusano del suelo del jardín.
C2 adjective /ˌmɛrəˈtrɪʃəs/

meretricious

ficticio
Meaning
apparently attractive but having no real value or integrity.
Example
The design was flashy but meretricious.
El diseño era llamativo pero ficticio.
C1 adjective /ˈmaʊntɪnəs/

Mountainous

montañoso
Meaning
having many mountains; characterized by mountains
Example
The mountainous region was difficult to travel through.
La región montañosa era difícil de recorrer.
A1 adjective /əˈfreɪd/

afraid

temeroso
Meaning
feeling fear or anxiety; worried that something undesirable will happen
Example
She was afraid of the dark.
Ella tenía miedo de la oscuridad.
A2 adjective /ɪmˈpɑːsəbl/

impossible

imposible
Meaning
not able to occur, exist, or be done
Example
It is impossible to finish this work in one day.
Es imposible terminar este trabajo en un día.
C1 adjective /ˈrʌɡ.ɪd/

Rugged

áspero y desigual; con superficie irregular; fuerte y resistente
Meaning
rough and uneven; having a rough irregular surface; tough and strong
Example
The hikers crossed the rugged mountain terrain.
Los excursionistas cruzaron el terreno accidentado de la montaña.
C1 noun /ˌbɪbliˈɒɡrəfi/

bibliography

bibliografía
Meaning
a list of books, articles, or other sources used or referred to in scholarly work
Example
The report includes a detailed bibliography at the end.
El informe incluye una bibliografía detallada al final.
C2 noun /ˈkær.ə.weɪ siːdz/

Caraway seeds

semillas de alcaravea
Meaning
aromatic seeds of the caraway plant used as a spice in cooking and baking
Example
The bread was flavored with caraway seeds.
El pan estaba aromatizado con semillas de alcaravea.
B2 noun /ˈfæbrɪk/

fabric

tejido
Meaning
Cloth or material produced by weaving or knitting fibers.
Example
The tailor used silk fabric to make the dress.
El sastre usó tela de seda para hacer el vestido.
C1 adjective /ˈvɛnərəbəl/

Venerable

venerable; respetado
Meaning
deserving respect due to age, wisdom, or character; revered
Example
The venerable professor has taught at the university for fifty years.
El venerable profesor ha enseñado en la universidad durante cincuenta años.
C2 noun /ˈfɪl.ɪ.staɪn/

philistine

persona indiferente o hostil hacia la cultura y las artes
Meaning
a person who is indifferent or hostile to culture and the arts
Example
He was criticized as a philistine for dismissing modern art.
Fue criticado como un filisteo por rechazar el arte moderno.
C2 adjective /ˈtɔːdri/

tawdry

barato y llamativo pero de mala calidad
Meaning
cheap and showy but of poor quality
Example
She wore a tawdry necklace that broke easily.
Ella llevaba un collar barato y llamativo que se rompió fácilmente.
C2 adjective /æbˈstruːs/

abstruse

abstruso
Meaning
Difficult to understand; obscure.
Example
The abstruse nature of the philosophical debate left many confused.
La naturaleza abstrusa del debate filosófico dejó a muchos confundidos.
B2 noun /ˈɪnvənˌtɔːri/

inventory

inventario
Meaning
A complete list of items, such as goods in stock or property.
Example
The shopkeeper checked the inventory before opening the store.
El tendero revisó el inventario antes de abrir la tienda.
C1 verb /ˈbɑːrtər/

barter

trueque
Meaning
To exchange goods or services without using money.
Example
They bartered their crops for handmade tools.
Intercambiaron sus cultivos por herramientas hechas a mano.
C1 adjective ˈbɜːdʒənɪŋ

burgeoning

en expansión
Meaning
Beginning to grow or increase rapidly; flourishing.
Example
The burgeoning tech industry has attracted many investors.
La industria tecnológica en expansión ha atraído a muchos inversores.
A2 noun /ʃɔːrts/

shorts

pantalones cortos
Meaning
a short garment worn on the lower half of the body that covers each leg separately, usually above the knees.
Example
He wore a pair of blue shorts to the beach.
Él usó un par de pantalones cortos azules en la playa.
C2 adjective, noun /ˈænθrəpɔɪd/

anthropoid

antropoide
Meaning
Resembling a human being in form; a primate such as apes and monkeys.
Example
The gorilla is considered an anthropoid ape.
El gorila es considerado un antropoide.
B1 noun /ˈbeɪ.kɪŋ ˈsoʊ.də/

Baking Soda

bicarbonato de sodio
Meaning
sodium bicarbonate used in cooking and baking as a leavening agent
Example
Add a teaspoon of baking soda to make the cake fluffy.
Agrega una cucharadita de bicarbonato de sodio para hacer el pastel esponjoso.
B2 verb /ɪnˈkʌmpəs/

encompass

abarcar
Meaning
To include comprehensively; to surround or encircle.
Example
The project will encompass all aspects of rural development.
El proyecto abarcará todos los aspectos del desarrollo rural.
C1 noun /kəˈmoʊʃən/

commotion

alboroto
Meaning
A state of noisy confusion or disturbance.
Example
The sudden commotion in the market drew everyone's attention.
El repentino alboroto en el mercado atrajo la atención de todos.
B2 adjective /ˈhoʊl.səm/

Wholesome

saludable; beneficioso para el bienestar físico o moral
Meaning
conducive to or promoting moral or physical well-being; healthy
Example
Eating wholesome food is important for good health.
Comer comida saludable es importante para la buena salud.
B2 noun /ˈswɛər wɜːrd/

swear-word

palabra grosera
Meaning
An offensive or rude word used to express anger or frustration.
Example
He shouted a swear-word when he hit his toe.
Él gritó una palabra grosera cuando se golpeó el dedo del pie.
C1 verb /ˈkrɒs.briːd/

crossbreed

cruzar razas
Meaning
to produce an animal or plant by mating two different breeds, varieties, or species
Example
Farmers crossbreed cows to improve milk production.
Los agricultores cruzan vacas para mejorar la producción de leche.
C2 noun /ɒkˈteɪvoʊ/

octavo

octavo (tamaño de libro resultante de doblar una hoja en ocho partes)
Meaning
A size of book page resulting from folding a sheet of paper into eight leaves (sixteen pages).
Example
The old library contained rare octavo editions of Shakespeare.
La antigua biblioteca contenía ediciones raras de octavo de Shakespeare.
B2 adjective /ˌkɒmplɪˈmɛntəri/

complementary

complementario
Meaning
combining in such a way as to enhance or emphasize the qualities of each other
Example
The two partners have complementary skills.
Los dos socios tienen habilidades complementarias.
C1 adjective ˈsɒvrɪn

sovereign

soberano, supremo
Meaning
Possessing supreme or ultimate power; independent.
Example
The sovereign government has control over its currency.
El gobierno soberano tiene control sobre su moneda.
C1 noun /doʊ/

doe

cierva
Meaning
a female deer, especially an adult one
Example
The doe and her fawn were grazing in the meadow.
La cierva y su cervatillo estaban pastando en el prado.
A1 verb /pliːz/

please

complacer
Meaning
to make someone happy or satisfied; used as a polite request
Example
His performance pleased the audience.
Su rendimiento complació a la audiencia.
C1 noun /ˈen.mə.ti/

Enmity

enemistad
Meaning
a state or feeling of active opposition or hostility
Example
The enmity between the two families lasted for generations.
La enemistad entre las dos familias duró generaciones.