deity
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C1 noun /ˈdeɪ.ə.ti/

deity

deidad
Meaning
a god or goddess
Example
The temple is dedicated to a Hindu deity.
El templo está dedicado a una deidad hindú.
C1 noun /læns/

Lance

lanza
Meaning
a long weapon with a sharp metal point, used by soldiers on horseback
Example
The knight charged forward with his lance ready.
El caballero cargó hacia adelante con su lanza lista.
C1 verb /ˈluːbrɪkeɪt/

lubricate

lubricar
Meaning
to apply oil or grease to reduce friction between surfaces
Example
The mechanic lubricated the car engine parts.
El mecánico lubricó las piezas del motor del coche.
C1 noun /kənˈtɪn.ju.əns/

continuance

continuidad
Meaning
the state of continuing or being prolonged; persistence
Example
The continuance of the project depended on securing additional funding.
La continuación del proyecto dependía de asegurar fondos adicionales.
C1 adjective /priːˈɛmɪnənt/

preeminent

preeminente
Meaning
Surpassing all others; very distinguished in some way.
Example
She is a preeminent scientist in the field of genetics.
Ella es una científica preeminente en el campo de la genética.
C1 adjective /ˈrez.ə.luːt/

Resolute

resuelto; firme; decidido
Meaning
determined; having a firm decision; unwavering
Example
She remained resolute in her decision to pursue her dreams.
Ella permaneció resuelta en su decisión de seguir sus sueños.
C1 verb /piːv/

peeve

fastidiar
Meaning
To annoy or irritate someone.
Example
His constant interruptions really peeve me.
Sus constantes interrupciones realmente me fastidian.
C1 adjective /dɪˈskrɪmɪˌneɪtɪŋ/

discriminating

discriminatorio
Meaning
Having refined taste or good judgment; able to recognize subtle differences.
Example
She is known for her discriminating taste in art.
Es conocida por su gusto discriminatorio en el arte.
C1 noun /ˈtrɪkstər/

trickster

embaucador
Meaning
A person who cheats or deceives people.
Example
The old man turned out to be a clever trickster who fooled everyone.
El anciano resultó ser un astuto embaucador que engañó a todos.
C1 adjective /ˈpɜːrtɪnənt/

pertinent

pertinente
Meaning
Relevant or applicable to a particular matter.
Example
She asked a pertinent question during the meeting.
Ella hizo una pregunta pertinente durante la reunión.
C1 noun /ˈɡræv.ɪ.tæs/

gravitas

gravedad
Meaning
Dignity, seriousness, or solemnity of manner or speech.
Example
The judge spoke with great gravitas.
El juez habló con gran gravedad.
C1 noun /ˈɛpɪˌlɔːɡ/

epilogue

epílogo
Meaning
A section at the end of a book, play, or speech that serves as a conclusion.
Example
The author included an epilogue to explain what happened to the characters later.
El autor incluyó un epílogo para explicar lo que sucedió con los personajes después.
C1 noun /ˈmoʊldɪŋ/

molding

moldura decorativa
Meaning
A decorative strip or design, often used on walls, ceilings, or furniture.
Example
The wooden molding gave the room a classic look.
El moldaje de madera le dio a la habitación un aspecto clásico.
C1 noun /roʊt/

rote

de memoria
Meaning
mechanical or habitual repetition, often without understanding
Example
He learned the poem by rote without understanding its meaning.
Él aprendió el poema de memoria sin entender su significado.
C1 noun /sɪˈtɑːr/

Sitar

sitar
Meaning
a traditional Indian stringed musical instrument with a long neck and resonating body
Example
The sitar creates beautiful ragas in Indian classical music.
El sitar crea hermosos ragas en la música clásica india.
C1 noun rɪˈdɛmpʃən

redemption

redención
Meaning
The action of saving or being saved from sin, error, or evil.
Example
The story highlights the theme of redemption.
La historia destaca el tema de la redención.
C1 verb əˈnaɪ.ə.leɪt

annihilate

aniquilar
Meaning
Destroy utterly; obliterate; reduce to nothing.
Example
The explosion annihilated the entire village.
La explosión aniquiló toda la aldea.
C1 noun /æbˈdʌk.ʃən/

abduction

secuestro
Meaning
the act of taking someone away illegally by force; kidnapping
Example
The police are investigating the abduction of the child.
La policía está investigando el secuestro del niño.
C1 adjective /ˈvɛnərəbəl/

Venerable

venerable; respetado
Meaning
deserving respect due to age, wisdom, or character; revered
Example
The venerable professor has taught at the university for fifty years.
El venerable profesor ha enseñado en la universidad durante cincuenta años.
C1 noun /ˈzoʊdiæk/

Zodiac

signo zodiacal
Meaning
a belt of the heavens within which lie the paths of the sun, moon, and planets; the twelve astrological signs
Example
What is your zodiac sign?
¿Cuál es tu signo zodiacal?
C1 adjective /ˈɪnsələnt/

insolent

insolente, arrogante
Meaning
showing a rude and arrogant lack of respect
Example
The insolent student refused to follow the teacher's instructions.
El estudiante insolente se negó a seguir las instrucciones del maestro.
C1 noun /ˈɔːrθədɑːksi/

orthodoxy

ortodoxia
Meaning
traditional or generally accepted beliefs and practices
Example
The religious leader defended the orthodoxy of the faith.
El líder religioso defendió la ortodoxia de la fe.
C1 verb ˌæs.ɚˈteɪn

ascertain

verificar
Meaning
To find out or discover something with certainty; to verify.
Example
The police tried to ascertain the cause of the accident.
La policía intentó verificar la causa del accidente.
C1 noun /ˈtæn.dəm/

Tandem

bicicleta tándem
Meaning
a bicycle built for two riders, one behind the other
Example
The couple enjoyed riding their tandem bicycle through the park.
La pareja disfrutó montando su bicicleta tándem a través del parque.
C1 adjective /ˌkɒnsɪˈkwɛnʃəl/

consequential

trascendental
Meaning
Having important or significant consequences; resulting from something.
Example
The meeting was consequential for the future of the project.
La reunión fue trascendental para el futuro del proyecto.
C1 noun/adjective /ˈmɒnəkrəʊm/

monochrome

monocromo
Meaning
A photograph, painting, or screen image in black and white or varying tones of one color.
Example
The old film was shot entirely in monochrome.
La película antigua fue rodada enteramente en monocromo.
C1 adjective /ɡlaɪˈsiː.mɪk/

glycemic

relacionado con la glucosa
Meaning
Relating to the presence of glucose in the blood and how foods affect blood sugar levels.
Example
High-glycemic foods cause a rapid increase in blood sugar.
Los alimentos con alto índice glucémico causan un aumento rápido del azúcar en la sangre.
C1 verb /dɪˈteɪn/

detain

detener
Meaning
to keep someone from proceeding; to hold back, especially by official authority
Example
The police detained the suspect for questioning.
La policía detuvo al sospechoso para interrogarlo.
C1 adverb spɒnˈteɪnɪəsli

spontaneously

espontáneamente
Meaning
In a spontaneous way; naturally and without planning or external cause.
Example
Children learn spontaneously through peer interactions.
Los niños aprenden espontáneamente a través de interacciones entre compañeros.
C1 noun /ˈpiː.kɒk ˈflaʊ.ər/

Peacock flower

flor de pavo real
Meaning
a tropical tree with bright orange and red flowers that resemble a peacock's tail
Example
The peacock flower tree blooms with stunning orange flowers in summer.
El árbol de flor de pavo real florece con flores naranjas impresionantes en verano.
C1 noun /ˈek.saɪl/

Exile

exilio
Meaning
the state of being barred from one's native country; enforced removal from one's homeland
Example
The political leader was forced into exile after the military coup.
El líder político fue forzado al exilio después del golpe militar.
C1 noun, adjective /ˌproʊlɪˈtɛəriən/

proletarian

proletario
Meaning
Relating to the working class, especially those who do not own property.
Example
The movement was rooted in proletarian struggles.
El movimiento estaba arraigado en las luchas proletarias.
C1 noun /ˈiːzl̩/

easel

soporte para lienzo
Meaning
a frame for supporting an artist's canvas while painting or drawing
Example
The artist placed the canvas on the easel before starting to paint.
El artista colocó el lienzo sobre el caballete antes de empezar a pintar.
C1 verb /ænˈtæɡənaɪz/

antagonize

antagonizar
Meaning
to cause someone to become hostile or angry; to provoke opposition
Example
His rude remarks only served to antagonize his colleagues.
Sus comentarios groseros solo sirvieron para antagonizar a sus colegas.
C1 verb/noun /ˈkrɒn.ɪ.kəl/

chronicle

registrar eventos en el orden en que ocurrieron
Meaning
To record events in the order in which they happened; a written record of historical events.
Example
She decided to chronicle her journey through a blog.
Ella decidió cronometrar su viaje a través de un blog.
C1 adjective tɪˈneɪ.ʃəs

tenacious

tenaz
Meaning
Not readily letting go of, giving up, or separated from an object that one holds, a position, or a principle; persistent.
Example
Her tenacious spirit helped her overcome hardships.
Su espíritu tenaz le ayudó a superar las dificultades.
C1 noun /luː/

lieu

en lugar de
Meaning
Instead of; in place of.
Example
He gave money in lieu of flowers.
Él dio dinero en lugar de flores.
C1 noun /ˈpleɪn.tɪf/

Plaintiff

demandante
Meaning
a person who brings a case against another in a court of law; the person who initiates a lawsuit
Example
The plaintiff filed a lawsuit against the company.
El demandante presentó una demanda contra la empresa.
C1 verb /ɪnˈstɪl/

instill

instruir
Meaning
to gradually but firmly establish an idea, attitude, or habit in someone's mind
Example
Parents try to instill good values in their children.
Los padres intentan inculcar buenos valores en sus hijos.
C1 adjective, noun /ˈɪnvəlɪd/ (adjective), /ɪnˈvælɪd/ (noun)

invalid

inválido
Meaning
Not valid; having no force or effect. Also refers to a person too weak or ill to care for themselves.
Example
The court declared the contract invalid.
El tribunal declaró el contrato inválido.
C1 adjective /ˌhɑːrdˈhɑːrtɪd/

hard-hearted

despiadado
Meaning
showing no kindness or sympathy; cruel
Example
The landlord was hard-hearted and refused to help the poor family.
El arrendador era muy duro de corazón y se negó a ayudar a la pobre familia.
C1 noun /ˌæɡ.rəˈveɪ.ʃən/

aggravation

agravamiento, empeoramiento
Meaning
The act of making a situation worse or the state of being worsened.
Example
The delay caused great aggravation for the passengers.
El retraso causó gran agravio para los pasajeros.
C1 adjective /ˌɪn.səbˈstæn.ʃəl/

insubstantial

insustancial
Meaning
Lacking strength, substance, or solidity.
Example
The evidence provided was insubstantial and unconvincing.
La evidencia proporcionada fue insustancial y poco convincente.
C1 adjective /ˈpælpəbl̩/

palpable

felicidad
Meaning
easily perceived or felt; so intense as to seem almost tangible
Example
There was a palpable sense of excitement in the room.
No pudo ocultar su felicidad cuando recibió el premio.
C1 verb /ˈlɪŋɡər/

linger

quedarse más tiempo del necesario
Meaning
to stay in a place longer than necessary; to persist
Example
The smell of coffee lingered in the kitchen.
El aroma del café permaneció en la cocina por más tiempo.
C1 adjective /ˈlɔː.ləs/

Lawless

sin ley; anárquico; desordenado; criminal
Meaning
without law; anarchic; unruly; criminal
Example
The frontier town was known for its lawless behavior and chaos.
La ciudad fronteriza era conocida por su comportamiento sin ley y el caos.
C1 adjective /nəʊˈmæd.ɪk/

nomadic

nómada
Meaning
Living the life of a nomad; wandering from place to place without a fixed home.
Example
The tribe led a nomadic lifestyle.
La tribu vivía un estilo de vida nómada.
C1 noun /lɪŋˈɡwɪstɪks/

linguistics

lingüística
Meaning
The scientific study of language and its structure.
Example
She decided to major in linguistics at university.
Decidió especializarse en lingüística en la universidad.
C1 noun /kɑst/

Caste

casta; sistema de castas
Meaning
a social class system; a hereditary class of Hindu society
Example
The ancient caste system divided society into different social groups.
El antiguo sistema de castas dividió la sociedad en diferentes grupos sociales.
C1 verb /rɪˈkaʊnt/

recount

relatar
Meaning
to narrate or tell the details of an event or experience
Example
She recounted her adventures during the summer trip.
Ella relató sus aventuras durante el viaje de verano.
C1 verb /ˈsmoʊldər/

smolder

ardecer lentamente
Meaning
to burn slowly with smoke but no flame; to show suppressed anger or emotion
Example
The fire smoldered for hours before it went out.
El fuego ardió lentamente durante horas antes de apagarse.
C1 noun /ˈɪmɪdʒəri/

imagery

imaginería
Meaning
visually descriptive or figurative language, especially in a literary work
Example
The poet's use of imagery brought the scene to life.
El uso de imaginería por el poeta dio vida a la escena.
C1 verb /smɪr/

smear

untar / difamar
Meaning
to spread or apply a substance messily; to damage someone's reputation with false or unfair words
Example
The child smeared paint across the wall.
El niño untó pintura en la pared.
C1 noun /ˈtɛstəmənt/

testament

testamento / prueba
Meaning
a person's will; or strong evidence of something
Example
His success is a testament to his hard work and dedication.
Su éxito es un testamento de su trabajo arduo y dedicación.
C1 verb/adjective /ˈɡræspɪŋ/

grasping

agarrando / codicioso
Meaning
Holding firmly; or (as an adjective) excessively greedy.
Example
The child was grasping her mother’s hand tightly.
El niño estaba agarrando fuertemente la mano de su madre.
C1 adjective /ˈpɑːm.pəs/

Pompous

pomposo; pretencioso; excesivamente grandioso
Meaning
showing off; pretentious; overly grand
Example
His pompous attitude annoyed everyone at the meeting.
Su actitud pomposa molestó a todos en la reunión.
C1 noun /ˈæntɪˌdoʊt/

antidote

antídoto
Meaning
A substance that neutralizes the effects of a poison; something that relieves or counteracts.
Example
The doctor quickly administered an antidote to the snake venom.
El doctor administró rápidamente un antídoto para el veneno de serpiente.
C1 adjective /ˈheɪ.zi/

Hazy

brumoso; vago; borroso
Meaning
covered with haze; unclear or vague; lacking clarity
Example
The mountain tops were hazy in the morning mist.
Las cumbres de las montañas estaban brumosas por la niebla de la mañana.
C1 noun /ˌrætɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/

Ratification

ratificación
Meaning
the action of signing or giving formal consent to a treaty, contract, or agreement
Example
The treaty required ratification by both countries' parliaments.
El tratado requirió ratificación por los parlamentos de ambos países.
C1 verb prəˈpel

propel

impulsar
Meaning
To drive, push, or cause to move in a particular direction, typically forward.
Example
Lack of proper guidance can propel adolescents toward delinquency.
La falta de orientación adecuada puede impulsar a los adolescentes hacia la delincuencia.
C1 verb /ɪnˈlɪst/

enlist

alistarse
Meaning
to join or sign up, especially for military service; to secure someone's support or help
Example
He decided to enlist in the army after graduation.
Él decidió alistarse en el ejército después de graduarse.
C1 adjective /aʊtˈmoʊdɪd/

outmoded

desfasado
Meaning
No longer in fashion or useful; outdated.
Example
That old computer is completely outmoded.
Esa computadora antigua está completamente desfasada.
C1 noun /ˈɪnlɛt/

inlet

entrada
Meaning
A small arm of the sea, a lake, or a river; an opening or passage for entry.
Example
The boat entered a narrow inlet along the coast.
El bote entró en una entrada estrecha a lo largo de la costa.
C1 verb ˌsɝː.kəmˈvent

circumvent

evitar hábilmente o encontrar una manera de eludir obstáculos o reglas
Meaning
To cleverly avoid or find a way around obstacles or rules.
Example
He tried to circumvent the security system.
Él intentó eludir el sistema de seguridad.
C1 noun prəˈtɛk.ʃə.nɪ.zəm

protectionism

proteccionismo
Meaning
The theory or practice of shielding a country's domestic industries from foreign competition by taxing imports.
Example
The government's protectionism helped local businesses grow.
El proteccionismo del gobierno ayudó a las empresas locales a crecer.
C1 verb /ˈtræŋ.kwɪ.laɪz/

tranquilize

tranquilizar
Meaning
to make someone or something calm or less anxious, often by using drugs
Example
The veterinarian had to tranquilize the tiger before moving it.
El veterinario tuvo que tranquilizar al tigre antes de moverlo.
C1 adjective /ˈpʌn.dʒənt/

Pungent

pungente
Meaning
sharp; strong-smelling; acrid;
Example
The pungent smell of garlic filled the kitchen.
El olor pungente del ajo llenó la cocina.
C1 verb /ʌnˈkɔrk/

uncork

destapar
Meaning
To remove the cork from a bottle; to open a bottle, especially of wine
Example
He uncorked the wine and poured a glass for everyone.
Destapó el vino y sirvió un vaso para todos.
C1 noun /ˌvɜːbəlɪˈzeɪʃən/

verbalization

verbalización
Meaning
The action of expressing something in words.
Example
The verbalization of his thoughts was clear and direct.
La verbalización de sus pensamientos fue clara y directa.
C1 noun /ˈkɒndɪmənts/

condiments

condimentos o salsas
Meaning
Seasonings or sauces used to add flavor to food.
Example
Ketchup and mustard are popular condiments for burgers.
El kétchup y la mostaza son condimentos populares para las hamburguesas.
C1 verb /ɪˈdʒɛkt/

eject

echar fuera
Meaning
to force someone or something out, usually from a place or position
Example
The referee had to eject the player for unsportsmanlike behavior.
El árbitro tuvo que ejectar al jugador por conducta antideportiva.
C1 noun /ʃɑːrd/

shard

fragmento
Meaning
a broken piece of glass, metal, or pottery
Example
He cut his finger on a shard of glass.
Se cortó el dedo con un fragmento de vidrio.
C1 adjective /ɔːˈstɪə/

austere

austero, sencillo
Meaning
Severe or strict in manner, attitude, or appearance; plain and simple.
Example
The monk lived an austere life in the mountains.
El monje vivió una vida austera en las montañas.
C1 adjective /ˌjuːnɪˈlætərəl/

Unilateral

unilateral
Meaning
one-sided; involving only one party
Example
The country made a unilateral decision to withdraw from the treaty.
El país tomó una decisión unilateral de retirarse del tratado.
C1 adjective /ˈsɒljʊbəl/

soluble

soluble
Meaning
able to be dissolved, especially in water
Example
Sugar is soluble in water.
El azúcar es soluble en agua.
C1 noun /voʊɡ/

vogue

moda
Meaning
the prevailing fashion, style, or trend at a particular time
Example
Minimalist design is currently in vogue.
El diseño minimalista está actualmente de moda.
C1 adverb /suːˈpɜːb.li/

Superbly

de manera excelente
Meaning
in an excellent or outstanding manner
Example
She performed superbly in the dance competition.
Ella actuó de manera excelente en la competencia de danza.
C1 adjective /ˈmɜː.sɪ.ləs/

Merciless

despiadado; cruel;
Meaning
showing no mercy or pity; cruel and heartless
Example
The merciless dictator showed no compassion.
El dictador despiadado no mostró compasión.
C1 noun /ˈfɔːrɡraʊnd/

foreground

primer plano
Meaning
the part of a scene that is nearest to and in front of the viewer
Example
The flowers in the foreground brightened the picture.
Las flores en el primer plano iluminaron la imagen.
C1 noun /ˈkɔːrdən/

cordon

cordón de seguridad
Meaning
a line or circle of police, soldiers, or guards preventing access
Example
The police set up a cordon around the crime scene.
La policía estableció un cordón alrededor de la escena del crimen.
C1 noun /æɡˈnɒs.tɪk/

agnostic

agnóstico
Meaning
a person who believes that nothing is known or can be known about the existence of God; uncertain in belief
Example
He described himself as an agnostic rather than an atheist.
Se describió a sí mismo como un agnóstico en lugar de un ateo.
C1 noun /ˌplɔː.zəˈbɪl.ə.ti/

plausibility

probabilidad
Meaning
The quality of being reasonable or probable.
Example
The plausibility of his explanation convinced the jury.
La plausibilidad de su explicación convenció al jurado.
C1 adjective, noun, verb /ˈtrɛbəl/

treble

triplicado, tono alto
Meaning
triple; consisting of three parts; high-pitched sound in music
Example
The company's profits trebled in just two years.
Las ganancias de la empresa se triplicaron en solo dos años.
C1 adjective /prəˈfjuːs/

profuse

profuso
Meaning
existing or given in large amounts; abundant
Example
He offered profuse thanks for their timely help.
Él ofreció abundantes gracias por su ayuda oportuna.
C1 noun /bəˈtɒn/

baton

bastón / símbolo de autoridad
Meaning
A thin stick carried by a conductor to direct an orchestra, or used as a symbol of authority.
Example
The conductor raised his baton to begin the symphony.
El director levantó su batón para comenzar la sinfonía.
C1 verb pɚˈpɛtʃ.u.eɪt

perpetuate

mantener algo en funcionamiento continuo o mantenerlo durante mucho tiempo
Meaning
To keep something continuously running or maintain it for a long time.
Example
The media can sometimes perpetuate harmful stereotypes.
Los medios a veces pueden perpetuar estereotipos dañinos.
C1 noun /rɛnˈdɪʃən/

rendition

interpretación
Meaning
a performance or interpretation of a piece of art, music, or text
Example
The singer gave a moving rendition of the classic song.
El cantante dio una emotiva interpretación de la canción clásica.
C1 adjective /prəˈfɛtɪk/

prophetic

profético
Meaning
accurately predicting or describing what will happen in the future
Example
His prophetic words came true after many years.
Sus palabras proféticas se hicieron realidad después de muchos años.
C1 noun /ˈkɑːrdəməm/

Cardamom

cardamomo
Meaning
aromatic seeds from a plant in the ginger family, used as a spice
Example
The recipe calls for a pinch of ground cardamom.
La receta requiere un poco de cardamomo molido.
C1 adjective /əˈbɪzməl/

abysmal

atroz / espantoso
Meaning
extremely bad or appalling
Example
The team's performance was abysmal.
El rendimiento del equipo fue atroz.
C1 noun /ˈtaɪ.rənt/

Tyrant

tirano
Meaning
a cruel and oppressive ruler; a person who exercises power in a harsh manner
Example
The people rebelled against the cruel tyrant.
La gente se rebeló contra el cruel tirano.
C1 noun /əˈdʒɪl.ɪ.ti/

agility

agilidad
Meaning
Ability to work quickly and easily, both physically and mentally.
Example
Mental agility is essential for problem-solving.
La agilidad mental es esencial para resolver problemas.
C1 noun /ˈpɔːsɪti/

paucity

escasez / carencia
Meaning
the presence of something in only small or insufficient quantities
Example
The project was delayed due to a paucity of funds.
El proyecto se retrasó debido a la escasez de fondos.
C1 noun/verb /rɪˈlæps/

relapse

recaída
Meaning
to return to a worse condition, especially after improvement; a deterioration after recovery
Example
After months of progress, he suffered a relapse.
Después de meses de progreso, sufrió una recaída.
C1 noun ˈrɛp.ə.twɑːr

repertoire

repertorio
Meaning
A stock of plays, dances, or pieces that a company or a performer knows or is prepared to perform.
Example
The actor's repertoire includes both comedy and drama.
El repertorio del actor incluye tanto comedia como drama.
C1 adjective ɪˈluː.sər.i

illusory

ilusorio
Meaning
Based on illusion; not real although seeming to be.
Example
His sense of security was entirely illusory.
Su sensación de seguridad era completamente ilusoria.
C1 noun /ˈdɑːrwɪnɪzəm/

darwinism

darwinismo
Meaning
the theory of biological evolution developed by Charles Darwin, emphasizing natural selection
Example
Darwinism revolutionized the way scientists understood the origin of species.
El darwinismo revolucionó la forma en que los científicos entendían el origen de las especies.
C1 adjective /ˌɪrɪˈprɛsəbl̩/

irrepressible

irresistible
Meaning
Impossible to control or restrain.
Example
She had an irrepressible urge to laugh during the speech.
Ella no pudo ocultar su irresistible deseo de reír durante el discurso.
C1 adjective /ˈkɒn.keɪv/

concave

cóncavo
Meaning
curved inward like the inside of a bowl
Example
The mirror had a concave surface that magnified her reflection.
El espejo tenía una superficie cóncava que magnificaba su reflejo.
C1 adjective /ˈniːd.ləs/

Needless

innecesario
Meaning
unnecessary; not required; without purpose
Example
The argument was needless and could have been avoided.
La discusión fue innecesaria y podría haberse evitado.
C1 noun /ˈræp.tʃər/

rapture

éxtasis, rapto
Meaning
A feeling of intense joy, delight, or ecstasy.
Example
She listened to the music in rapture.
Ella escuchaba la música en éxtasis.
C1 adjective /ˌmaɪ.krəˈskɑː.pɪk/

microscopic

microscópico
Meaning
Extremely small and only visible with a microscope.
Example
The sample contained microscopic particles.
La muestra contenía partículas microscópicas.
C1 adjective /ˈtɛmpərəl/

temporal

temporal
Meaning
Relating to worldly affairs or to time rather than spiritual matters.
Example
The monk gave up his temporal possessions to live a simple life.
El monje renunció a sus posesiones temporales para vivir una vida simple.
C1 noun /ˈpɒ̃ʃɒ̃/

penchant

inclinación
Meaning
a strong or habitual liking for something or tendency to do something
Example
She has a penchant for collecting rare books.
Ella tiene una inclinación por coleccionar libros raros.
C1 verb /dɪsˈkleɪm/

disclaim

renunciar
Meaning
to deny responsibility or connection with something
Example
The company disclaimed responsibility for the accident.
La empresa renunció a la responsabilidad del accidente.
C1 noun /ɪnˈkɒmpɪtəns/

incompetence

incompetencia
Meaning
Lack of ability, skill, or effectiveness in doing something.
Example
The project failed due to the manager’s incompetence.
El proyecto fracasó debido a la incompetencia del gerente.
C1 noun /kənˈfɔːrmɪst/

conformist

conformista
Meaning
A person who uncritically conforms to established practices or standards.
Example
She was labeled a conformist for always following the crowd.
Ella fue etiquetada como conformista por siempre seguir a la multitud.
C1 noun /təˈbuː/

taboo

tabú
Meaning
a social or cultural prohibition against certain practices or discussions
Example
Talking about money is considered a taboo in some cultures.
Hablar de dinero se considera un tabú en algunas culturas.
C1 noun /rɪˈpraɪ.zəl/

Reprisal

venganza
Meaning
an act of retaliation; revenge taken for an injury or wrong
Example
The attack was carried out as a reprisal for the earlier bombing.
El ataque se realizó como una represalia por el bombardeo anterior.
C1 noun /ˈmɜːrdʒər/

merger

fusión
Meaning
The combination of two or more companies into a single entity.
Example
The merger of the two firms created the largest bank in the region.
La fusión de las dos compañías creó el banco más grande de la región.
C1 noun/verb /ɡæʃ/

gash

corte profundo
Meaning
A long, deep cut or wound; to cut deeply or violently.
Example
He had a deep gash on his leg after the accident.
Él tenía un corte profundo en su pierna después del accidente.
C1 noun/adjective ˈflɛdʒ.lɪŋ

fledgling

principiante, inexperto, recién establecido
Meaning
New, inexperienced, newly established.
Example
The fledgling startup needs investment.
La empresa principiante necesita inversión.
C1 adjective /aɪˈdɪlɪk/

idyllic

idílico y hermoso
Meaning
Like an idyll; extremely happy, peaceful, or picturesque.
Example
They enjoyed an idyllic vacation by the sea.
Disfrutaron de unas vacaciones idílicas junto al mar.
C1 adjective /bɪˈnaɪn/

benign

benigno, inofensivo
Meaning
Gentle, kind, or not harmful (especially of a disease or tumor).
Example
The doctor assured her that the tumor was benign.
El médico le aseguró que el tumor era inofensivo.
C1 adjective /ˈnjuː.ɑːnst/

nuanced

matizado
Meaning
Characterized by subtle shades of meaning or expression; having fine gradations of meaning, tone, or feeling.
Example
His analysis of the novel was highly nuanced.
Su análisis de la novela fue muy matizado.
C1 verb /əbˈsteɪn/

abstain

abstenerse
Meaning
To restrain oneself from indulging in or partaking of something.
Example
People often abstain from digital devices to enhance focus.
Las personas a menudo se abstienen de los dispositivos digitales para mejorar su enfoque.
C1 noun ˌɒb.səˈlɛs.əns

obsolescence

obsolescencia
Meaning
The process of becoming obsolete or outdated and no longer used.
Example
The rapid advancement of technology leads to the obsolescence of old devices.
El rápido avance de la tecnología provoca la obsolescencia de los dispositivos antiguos.
C1 adjective /rɪˈdʒɛn.ə.rə.tɪv/

regenerative

regenerativo
Meaning
Able to restore or renew damaged environments, soil, or resources.
Example
Regenerative farming improves soil health and biodiversity.
La agricultura regenerativa mejora la salud del suelo y la biodiversidad.
C1 noun /ˌrɛfjʊˈteɪʃən/

refutation

refutación
Meaning
The act of proving a statement or argument to be false or incorrect.
Example
Her essay was a strong refutation of the opposing theory.
Su ensayo fue una fuerte refutación de la teoría opuesta.
C1 noun /ɪnˈtaɪərəti/

entirety

entereza
Meaning
the whole of something; the complete form
Example
He watched the movie in its entirety.
Vio la película en su totalidad.
C1 verb /ˈdaʊn.pleɪ/

downplay

restar importancia
Meaning
to make something seem less important than it really is
Example
The company tried to downplay the risks of the new product.
La empresa intentó restar importancia a los riesgos del nuevo producto.