decalogue
All a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
All CEFR A1 A2 B1 B2 C1 C2
Content locale
EN English BN Bengali HI Hindi ES Español FR Francés DE Alemán RU Ruso ZH Chino JA Japonés
All Vocabulary Cards All Vocabularies
C2 noun /ˈdɛkəˌlɔːɡ/

decalogue

Decálogo
Meaning
The Ten Commandments in the Bible; a set of fundamental rules or principles.
Example
The priest gave a sermon on the importance of the Decalogue.
El sacerdote dio un sermón sobre la importancia del Decálogo.
C1 noun /ˈrəʊ.bɒt əˈsɪs.tɪd prəˈsiː.dʒərz/

robot-assisted procedures

procedimientos asistidos por robot
Meaning
Medical operations performed with the help of robotic systems to enhance precision and control.
Example
Robot-assisted procedures reduce human error.
Los procedimientos asistidos por robot reducen el error humano.
C1 noun /ˈkæzəm/

chasm

grieta / gran diferencia
Meaning
a deep fissure in the earth's surface or a wide difference between people or ideas
Example
There was a great chasm between the two political parties.
Había una gran grieta entre los dos partidos políticos.
A1 noun /boʊt/

Boat

bote
Meaning
a small vessel for traveling over water
Example
We took a small boat to cross the river.
Tomamos un pequeño bote para cruzar el río.
C2 adjective /əˈrækjələr/

oracular

oracular
Meaning
Resembling an oracle; giving wise, mysterious, or prophetic statements
Example
Her oracular words left the audience deep in thought.
Sus palabras oraculares dejaron a la audiencia profundamente pensativa.
C2 adjective /ɪkˈspɒzɪtəri/

expository

expositivo
Meaning
intended to explain or describe something
Example
The teacher gave an expository lecture on the topic.
El maestro dio una conferencia expositiva sobre el tema.
A2 verb /kəmˈpliːt/

complete

completar
Meaning
to finish making or doing something; to bring something to an end
Example
She managed to complete the project on time.
Ella logró completar el proyecto a tiempo.
B2 noun /ˈtɛmpoʊ/

tempo

tempo, ritmo
Meaning
The speed or pace at which a piece of music or activity is performed.
Example
The band played the song at a faster tempo than usual.
La banda tocó la canción a un tempo más rápido de lo habitual.
B2 noun /ˌæk.wɪˈzɪʃ.ən/

Acquisition

adquisición, compra, adquisición de activos
Meaning
An asset or object bought or obtained, typically by a library or museum.
Example
The company's acquisition strategy boosted growth.
La estrategia de adquisición de la empresa impulsó el crecimiento.
C2 verb /kənˈdʒɔɪn/

conjoin

unir
Meaning
to join together or unite; to combine
Example
The two rivers conjoin just before reaching the sea.
Los dos ríos se unen justo antes de llegar al mar.
B2 noun /ˈet.ɪ.kət/

Etiquette

etiqueta
Meaning
the customary code of polite behavior in society or among members of a particular profession
Example
Proper etiquette requires standing when a lady enters the room.
La etiqueta adecuada requiere ponerse de pie cuando una dama entra en la habitación.
B1 verb /aɪˈdentɪfaɪ/

identify

identificar
Meaning
to recognize; to establish who someone is
Example
Can you identify the suspect?
¿Puedes identificar al sospechoso?
C1 adjective /ˈrez.ə.luːt/

Resolute

resuelto; firme; decidido
Meaning
determined; having a firm decision; unwavering
Example
She remained resolute in her decision to pursue her dreams.
Ella permaneció resuelta en su decisión de seguir sus sueños.
C1 noun /ˈtoʊɡə/

toga

toga
Meaning
A loose outer garment worn in ancient Rome, typically draped over the shoulders and body.
Example
The senator wore a white toga during the ceremony.
El senador llevaba una toga blanca durante la ceremonia.
B2 noun /ˈhɛdˌkwɔːrtərz/

headquarters

sede central
Meaning
The main office or center of operations of an organization.
Example
The company’s headquarters is located in New York.
La sede central de la empresa está ubicada en Nueva York.
A2 noun /ˈsuː.pəˌmɑː.kɪt/

supermarket

supermercado
Meaning
a large self-service store selling food and household goods
Example
She went to the supermarket to buy groceries.
Ella fue al supermercado a comprar víveres.
B1 noun /tʃɑːrt/

chart

gráfico
Meaning
a sheet of information in the form of a table, graph, or diagram
Example
The teacher used a chart to explain the statistics.
El maestro usó un gráfico para explicar las estadísticas.
C1 verb /ˈdræm.ə.taɪz/

dramatize

dramatizar
Meaning
to present a story in a dramatic way, or to exaggerate something
Example
The novel was dramatized into a popular TV series.
La novela fue dramatizada en una popular serie de televisión.
A2 adjective /liːst/

Least

menos
Meaning
smallest in amount or degree; minimal
Example
This is the least expensive option available.
Esta es la opción más barata disponible.
C2 adjective /fjuːˈɡeɪʃəs/

fugacious

fugaz
Meaning
Lasting only a short time; fleeting or ephemeral.
Example
Youth is beautiful but fugacious.
La juventud es hermosa pero fugaz.
B1 noun /əkˈsɛptəns/

acceptance

aceptación
Meaning
the act of agreeing to receive or undertake something offered
Example
Her acceptance of the award was met with applause.
Su aceptación del premio fue recibida con aplausos.
C1 noun /ˈɛksədəs/

exodus

éxodo
Meaning
A mass departure of people from a place.
Example
There was a sudden exodus of workers after the strike began.
Hubo un éxodo repentino de trabajadores después de que comenzara la huelga.
B2 noun /ˌmɒdəˈreɪʃən/

moderation

moderación
Meaning
The avoidance of excess or extremes; keeping balance or within reasonable limits.
Example
He drinks wine in moderation.
Él bebe vino con moderación.
C1 verb /ʌpˈruːt/

uproot

desarraigar
Meaning
To pull something out of the ground; to remove or displace completely.
Example
They uprooted the old tree from the garden.
Ellos desenterraron el viejo árbol del jardín.
B2 verb /daɪˈdʒest/

digest

digerir
Meaning
to break down food in the body; to think about and understand
Example
It takes time to digest a heavy meal.
Toma tiempo digerir una comida pesada.
C1 noun /ˈdʒuː.bɪ.liː/

Jubilee

aniversario; jubileos
Meaning
a special anniversary celebration, especially the 25th, 50th, or 60th anniversary of an important event
Example
The school celebrated its golden jubilee with a grand ceremony.
La escuela celebró su jubileo de oro con una gran ceremonia.
B1 noun /ˈdʒʌŋ.ɡəl/

Jungle

selva densa; jungla;
Meaning
a dense forest in a tropical climate; a place of bewildering complexity or ruthless struggle
Example
The explorer got lost in the dense Amazon jungle for three days.
El explorador se perdió durante tres días en la densa selva amazónica.
C2 noun /ˌæk.rəˈfoʊ.bi.ə/

acrophobia

miedo a las alturas
Meaning
An extreme or irrational fear of heights.
Example
Her acrophobia prevented her from climbing the tall building.
Su acrofobia le impidió subir al edificio alto.
C2 noun /ˌfoʊˈtɑːmɪtər/

photometer

fotómetro
Meaning
an instrument for measuring the intensity of light
Example
The scientist used a photometer to measure the light in the laboratory.
El científico usó un fotómetro para medir la luz en el laboratorio.
A2 verb /ˈmɪsɪŋ/

missing

desaparecido
Meaning
Being without or lacking; failing to be present or included.
Example
Many youths are missing economic opportunities.
Muchos jóvenes están perdiendo oportunidades económicas.
C2 noun /ˈvaɪkaʊnt/

viscount

vizconde
Meaning
A British nobleman ranking below an earl and above a baron.
Example
The viscount inherited the estate from his father.
El vizconde heredó la finca de su padre.
C1 noun /kənˈtɛnʃən/

contention

contienda, desacuerdo
Meaning
heated disagreement or argument; a point asserted in debate
Example
The main contention between the two parties was over tax reform.
La principal contienda entre las dos partes fue sobre la reforma fiscal.
B2 adjective /ˌʌnkənˈvɪnsɪŋ/

Unconvincing

increíble
Meaning
failing to persuade or impress; not believable or credible
Example
His excuse for being late was completely unconvincing.
Su excusa por llegar tarde era completamente increíble.
B2 noun /ˈdiːlər/

dealer

vendedor
Meaning
a person or business that buys and sells goods; someone who distributes
Example
The car dealer offered a discount to attract customers.
El vendedor de coches ofreció un descuento para atraer a los clientes.
C1 verb /ˈsɪnɚdʒaɪzd/

synergized

sincronizado, energizado, coordinado
Meaning
Combine in such a way that the total effect is greater than the sum of the individual effects.
Example
The teams were synergized to maximize productivity.
Los equipos fueron sincronizados para maximizar la productividad.
B2 adjective /ˈʌpˌraɪt/

Upright

honesto y moralmente correcto; vertical o erecto en posición
Meaning
honest and morally correct; vertical or erect in position
Example
She is known for being an upright and honest businesswoman.
Ella es conocida por ser una empresaria honesta y recta.
C1 noun /ˈprəʊ.lɒɡ/

prologue

prólogo
Meaning
an introduction to a book, play, or event
Example
The novel begins with a short prologue set in the past.
La novela comienza con un corto prólogo establecido en el pasado.
B2 verb /lɪk/

lick

lamer
Meaning
to pass the tongue over something; to defeat decisively
Example
The cat licked its paws clean.
El gato lamió sus patas limpias.
C2 noun /rɪˈsɪdɪvɪst/

recidivist

recidivista
Meaning
A person who repeatedly commits crimes, especially after having been punished.
Example
The police identified him as a recidivist who had been arrested several times before.
La policía lo identificó como un recidivista que había sido arrestado varias veces antes.
B1 noun ˈkeɪ.bəl

cable

cable
Meaning
A thick rope of wire or nonmetallic fiber, typically used for construction, mooring ships, or transmitting electricity or telecommunication signals.
Example
The cable connects countries across continents.
El cable conecta países a través de continentes.
C1 verb /ɔːrˈdeɪn/

ordain

ordenar
Meaning
To officially make someone a priest or minister; to decree or order something officially.
Example
The bishop will ordain three new priests this Sunday.
El obispo ordenará tres nuevos sacerdotes este domingo.
B2 noun /ˈtɜːr.naʊt/

turnout

asistencia
Meaning
the number of people who attend or participate in an event or activity
Example
The turnout at the rally was impressive, with thousands showing up.
La asistencia en la manifestación fue impresionante, con miles de personas presentes.
B1 verb /kənˈɡrætʃʊleɪt/

congratulate

felicitar
Meaning
to praise someone for an achievement or for a special occasion
Example
I want to congratulate you on your promotion.
Quiero felicitarte por tu ascenso.
C1 noun /ˈædɪdʒ/

adage

refrán
Meaning
a short, well-known saying that expresses a general truth or piece of advice
Example
The old adage says that honesty is the best policy.
El viejo refrán dice que la honestidad es la mejor política.
A2 noun /ˈlɜːrnər/

learner

aprendiz
Meaning
a person who is acquiring knowledge or skill through study or experience
Example
She is a fast learner.
Ella es una aprendiz rápida.
C1 noun /ˌɪmɔːrˈtæləti/

immortality

inmortalidad
Meaning
the state of living forever; eternal life or lasting fame beyond death
Example
Many ancient cultures believed that heroes could achieve immortality through great deeds.
Muchas culturas antiguas creían que los héroes podían alcanzar la inmortalidad mediante grandes hazañas.
B2 noun, verb /ˈrætəl/

rattle

traquetear; sonajero
Meaning
to make a rapid series of short, sharp sounds; a device or object that makes such a sound
Example
The loose window began to rattle in the strong wind.
La ventana suelta empezó a traquetear con el viento fuerte.
C2 noun /ˈmɒnəɡrɑːf/

monograph

monografía
Meaning
A detailed written study of a single specialized subject or aspect of it.
Example
The professor published a monograph on ancient pottery.
El profesor publicó una monografía sobre la cerámica antigua.
A2 adverb /ɪnˈstɛd/

instead

en lugar de
Meaning
As an alternative or substitute.
Example
She didn’t buy the dress; instead, she chose a pair of shoes.
Ella no compró el vestido; en su lugar, eligió un par de zapatos.
C2 adjective /ˌɪnˈekspɜːrt/

inexpert

inexperto
Meaning
not skilled or experienced; lacking expertise
Example
The inexpert handling of the machine caused several mistakes.
El manejo inexperto de la máquina causó varios errores.
B2 noun /rɪˈfjuː.zəl/

Refusal

rechazo; negativa
Meaning
the act of saying no to something or not accepting something
Example
His refusal to cooperate made the project more difficult.
Su rechazo a cooperar hizo que el proyecto fuera más difícil.
C1 adjective /ˌsʌb.təˈreɪ.ni.ən/

subterranean

subterráneo
Meaning
Existing, occurring, or done under the earth's surface.
Example
Subterranean water sources help sustain agriculture.
Las fuentes de agua subterráneas ayudan a sostener la agricultura.
B2 adjective /ɪmˈpɜːrfɪkt/

imperfect

imperfecto
Meaning
Not perfect; having faults or flaws.
Example
The painting was beautiful despite being imperfect.
La pintura era hermosa a pesar de ser imperfecta.
C1 adjective ɪmˈpɪr.ɪ.kəl

empirical

empírico o basado en la experiencia
Meaning
Based on, concerned with, or verifiable by observation or experience rather than theory or pure logic.
Example
Scientific research relies on empirical evidence.
La investigación científica depende de la evidencia empírica.
C2 adjective /ˈʃɑːpwɔːrn/

shopworn

gastado / viejo
Meaning
worn or faded from being displayed in a shop; no longer fresh or original
Example
The shopworn shoes were sold at a discount.
Los zapatos shopworn se vendieron con descuento.
C2 verb ɪɡˈzɔːrt

exhort

exhortar
Meaning
To strongly encourage or urge someone to do something.
Example
The teacher exhorted students to work hard for exams.
El profesor exhortó a los estudiantes a trabajar duro para los exámenes.
C2 adjective /ˌfoʊtoʊɪˈlɛktrɪk/

photoelectric

fotoeléctrico
Meaning
relating to the emission of electrons or other free carriers when light shines on a material
Example
The photoelectric effect is fundamental in solar panels.
El efecto fotoeléctrico es fundamental en los paneles solares.
C1 adjective /ˈblaɪtɪd/

blighted

desolado
Meaning
Spoiled, damaged, or destroyed.
Example
The blighted neighborhood was abandoned by most residents.
El vecindario desolado fue abandonado por la mayoría de los residentes.
C2 verb /fɔːrˈdʒʌdʒ/

forejudge

juzgar por adelantado
Meaning
To judge beforehand without adequate information.
Example
It is unfair to forejudge someone without knowing the facts.
Es injusto juzgar a alguien sin conocer los hechos.
C2 adjective /ɪɡˈzɔːstɪbəl/

exhaustible

agotable
Meaning
able to be used up completely; not infinite
Example
Coal and oil are exhaustible resources.
El carbón y el petróleo son recursos agotables.
C2 noun /ˈbroʊɡən/

brogan

zapato pesado
Meaning
A heavy, sturdy shoe, often made of leather.
Example
The farmer wore old brogans while working in the field.
El granjero llevaba viejos brogans mientras trabajaba en el campo.
C1 verb /ɜːr/

err

errar
Meaning
to make a mistake or be incorrect
Example
To err is human, to forgive divine.
Errar es humano, perdonar es divino.
B1 verb /rɪˈleɪt/

relate

relatar
Meaning
to connect or show a link between; to tell a story
Example
She relates her experience to the audience.
Ella relata su experiencia a la audiencia.
B1 noun /tʃɪn/

Chin

mentón
Meaning
the protruding part of the face below the mouth, formed by the apex of the lower jaw
Example
He stroked his beard thoughtfully, resting his hand on his chin.
Él acariciaba su barba pensativamente, apoyando su mano en su mentón.
C1 verb /ˈstaɪfəld/

stifled

sofocar
Meaning
to suppress, hold back, or prevent something from happening
Example
He stifled a laugh during the serious meeting.
Él sofocó una risa durante la reunión seria.
A1 adjective /ˈeɪbl/

able

capaz
Meaning
having the power, skill, or means to do something
Example
She is able to speak three languages fluently.
Ella es capaz de hablar tres idiomas con fluidez.
B2 noun /sɜːˈveɪ.ləns/

surveillance

vigilancia
Meaning
Close observation, especially of a suspected spy or criminal; continuous watching of a place, person, or situation.
Example
Government agencies conduct surveillance on cyber threats.
Las agencias gubernamentales realizan vigilancia sobre las amenazas cibernéticas.
C1 adjective /klæd/

clad

vestido / cubierto
Meaning
dressed or covered in a particular way
Example
The knight was clad in shining armor.
El caballero estaba vestido con una brillante armadura.
A2 noun /hɔːl/

Hall

salón; pasillo
Meaning
a large room for meetings, concerts, or other events; a corridor in a building
Example
The graduation ceremony was held in the main hall of the university.
La ceremonia de graduación se celebró en el salón principal de la universidad.
B2 noun ˈkɛmɪkəl weɪst

chemical waste

residuos químicos
Meaning
Waste material from industrial or laboratory processes that contains harmful chemicals.
Example
Chemical waste pollutes water bodies.
Los residuos químicos contaminan los cuerpos de agua.
C1 noun /rəˈviːn/

ravine

desfiladero
Meaning
A deep, narrow valley with steep sides.
Example
The river carved a deep ravine through the mountains.
El río formó un profundo desfiladero a través de las montañas.
C2 noun/verb /ˈrɛkəmˌpɛns/

recompense

compensación
Meaning
to compensate someone for loss or harm suffered; compensation given for damage or injury
Example
The company offered financial recompense to the injured worker.
La compañía ofreció una compensación financiera al trabajador herido.
A2 adjective /ʌnˈhel.θi/

Unhealthy

insalubre; no saludable
Meaning
harmful to health; not in good health; detrimental to well-being
Example
Eating too much fast food is unhealthy for your body.
Comer demasiada comida rápida es insalubre para tu cuerpo.
C2 verb /bɪˈstraɪd/

bestride

dominar
Meaning
To sit or stand astride something; to dominate over.
Example
The statue bestrides the city square.
La estatua domina la plaza de la ciudad.
B1 verb /dɪˈtɜːrmɪn/

determine

determinar
Meaning
to decide; to find out exactly
Example
We must determine the cause of the problem.
Debemos determinar la causa del problema.
B2 adjective /ˈθɔːr.ni/

Thorny

espinoso; difícil
Meaning
having thorns; difficult to handle or deal with
Example
The thorny issue of budget cuts needs careful consideration.
El espinoso problema de los recortes presupuestarios necesita una consideración cuidadosa.
B1 noun /ɪnˈstrʌktər/

instructor

instructor
Meaning
A person who teaches a subject or skill.
Example
The driving instructor was very patient with new learners.
El instructor de manejo fue muy paciente con los nuevos estudiantes.
C2 noun /ˈfaɪləm/

phylum

un categoría principal en la clasificación biológica, por encima de la clase y por debajo del reino
Meaning
a primary category in the biological classification of organisms, above class and below kingdom
Example
Humans belong to the phylum Chordata.
Los humanos pertenecen al filo Chordata.
C2 noun /ˌɪrɪˈdɛsəns/

iridescence

brillo iridiscente
Meaning
a play of lustrous, changing colors like those of a rainbow
Example
The butterfly's wings shimmered with iridescence.
Las alas de la mariposa brillaban con brillo iridiscente.
C1 noun /fiˈæs.koʊ/

fiasco

fracaso total
Meaning
a complete failure, especially a ludicrous or humiliating one
Example
The event turned into a complete fiasco due to poor planning.
El evento se convirtió en un fracaso total debido a una mala planificación.
C2 adjective /bruːsk/ or /brʌsk/

brusque

rudo
Meaning
abrupt or blunt in manner or speech, often seen as rude
Example
His brusque reply ended the conversation.
Su respuesta brusca terminó la conversación.
C2 verb /ˈʌndjʊleɪt/

undulate

ondular
Meaning
To move with a smooth, wave-like motion.
Example
The snake undulated across the sand.
La serpiente onduló a través de la arena.
C1 adjective /ˈlɑːpˌsaɪdɪd/

lopsided

desigual, torcido
Meaning
with one side lower, larger, or different from the other; uneven or imbalanced
Example
The cake looked lopsided after being decorated in a hurry.
El pastel se veía desigual después de ser decorado rápidamente.
C1 noun /aɪˈtɪnərɛri/

itinerary

itinerario
Meaning
A planned route or schedule of a journey or trip.
Example
The travel agent gave us a detailed itinerary for our vacation.
El agente de viajes nos dio un itinerario detallado para nuestras vacaciones.
C1 noun /ˈkɑːrtrɪdʒ/

cartridge

cartucho
Meaning
A container holding a substance or device, such as ink for printers or bullets for firearms.
Example
The printer stopped working because the ink cartridge was empty.
La impresora dejó de funcionar porque el cartucho de tinta estaba vacío.
C2 verb /dɪˈbɪlɪteɪt/

debilitate

debilitar
Meaning
to weaken or make someone or something infirm
Example
The long illness debilitated his strength.
La larga enfermedad debilitó su fuerza.
C2 noun /ˌdeɪnuːˈmɒ̃/

denouement

desenlace
Meaning
The final resolution or conclusion of a story, drama, or complicated situation.
Example
The novel's denouement was both surprising and satisfying.
El desenlace de la novela fue tanto sorprendente como satisfactorio.
A1 adjective /ˈfʌn.i/

Funny

divertido; extraño; gracioso;
Meaning
humorous; strange; amusing;
Example
He told a funny joke that made everyone laugh.
Él contó una broma divertida que hizo reír a todos.
C2 noun /ˈbɒdɪs/

bodice

corpiño
Meaning
the part of a woman's dress that covers the body from the neck to the waist
Example
She wore a dress with an embroidered bodice.
Ella llevaba un vestido con un corpiño bordado.
B2 noun rɪsk ˈfæktər

risk factor

factor de riesgo
Meaning
Something that increases the likelihood of developing a disease or condition
Example
Water pollution is a significant risk factor for health.
La contaminación del agua es un factor de riesgo significativo para la salud.
B2 adjective /ɪkˈskluːsɪv/

exclusive

restringido a una persona, grupo o área particular; no compartido con otros
Meaning
restricted to a particular person, group, or area; not shared with others
Example
The hotel offers exclusive access to a private beach.
El hotel ofrece acceso exclusivo a una playa privada.
C2 noun /ˈtɪl.ər/

Tiller

campesino
Meaning
a person who tills or cultivates land; a farmer
Example
The tiller worked hard in the fields every morning.
El campesino trabajaba duro en los campos todas las mañanas.
C2 adjective /ˈsiːmi/

seamy

degradado, sórdido
Meaning
Morally degraded, unpleasant, or sordid.
Example
The novel reveals the seamy side of city life.
La novela revela el lado sórdido de la vida en la ciudad.
B2 verb /rɪˈdʒɔɪs/

rejoice

regocijarse
Meaning
to feel or show great joy; to celebrate
Example
The family rejoices at the good news.
La familia se regocija con las buenas noticias.
C1 noun /rɪˈfaɪnəri/

refinery

refinería
Meaning
an industrial facility where raw materials are processed and purified
Example
The oil refinery processes thousands of barrels daily.
La refinería de petróleo procesa miles de barriles a diario.
C2 verb /diːˈnæʃənəlaɪz/

denationalize

desnacionalizar
Meaning
to transfer ownership from the government to private individuals or companies
Example
The government decided to denationalize the bank to encourage private investment.
El gobierno decidió denacionalizar el banco para fomentar la inversión privada.
C2 verb /ˌɛfəˈvɛs/

effervesce

efervescer
Meaning
To give off bubbles of gas; to show excitement, liveliness, or enthusiasm.
Example
The soda began to effervesce as soon as it was opened.
El refresco comenzó a efervescer tan pronto como se abrió.
B1 noun /ˌsɪvɪlaɪˈzeɪʃən/

civilization

civilización
Meaning
the stage of human social and cultural development and organization considered most advanced
Example
Ancient Egypt is known for its remarkable civilization.
El antiguo Egipto es conocido por su notable civilización.
B1 adjective /ˈtɛmpərɛri/

temporary

temporal
Meaning
Lasting for only a limited period of time; not permanent.
Example
She found a temporary job during the summer break.
Ella encontró un trabajo temporal durante las vacaciones de verano.
B2 adjective /ˈʌpˌhɪl/

Uphill

difícil; que requiere gran esfuerzo; inclinado hacia arriba
Meaning
difficult; requiring great effort; sloping upward
Example
Learning a new language can be an uphill battle.
Aprender un nuevo idioma puede ser una batalla difícil.
C2 noun /ˌjuːzɜːrˈpeɪʃən/

usurpation

usurpación
Meaning
The act of taking someone's power or property illegally or by force.
Example
The general's usurpation of the presidency led to political unrest.
La usurpación de la presidencia por el general condujo a disturbios políticos.
A2 noun /ˈtiːneɪdʒər/

teenager

adolescente
Meaning
a person aged between 13 and 19 years.
Example
Teenagers often enjoy hanging out with friends.
Los adolescentes a menudo disfrutan pasar el rato con amigos.
B2 noun /wɔːrd/

ward

sala
Meaning
A separate room in a hospital for patients; also a division of a city or a person under guardianship.
Example
She was admitted to the children's ward.
Ella fue admitida en la sala de niños.
A2 noun /prəˈdʌkʃən/

production

producción
Meaning
the process of manufacturing or creating something
Example
The production of this film took over a year.
La producción de esta película tomó más de un año.
B2 noun /ˌsuː.pərˈstɪʃ.ən/

Superstition

superstición
Meaning
a belief or practice considered irrational or supernatural
Example
Breaking a mirror brings seven years of bad luck is a common superstition.
Romper un espejo trae siete años de mala suerte, es una superstición común.
C1 adjective /rɪˈpɛlənt/

repellent

repelente
Meaning
Able to drive away something, especially insects or unpleasant things; causing disgust or distaste.
Example
This cream is highly effective as a mosquito repellent.
Esta crema es muy efectiva como repelente de mosquitos.
C1 noun /ˌɪmpɔːrˈteɪʃən/

importation

importación
Meaning
The act of bringing goods or services into a country from abroad
Example
The importation of luxury goods is strictly regulated.
La importación de productos de lujo está estrictamente regulada.
C2 adjective /ˈɔːrnəri/

ornery

gruñón
Meaning
bad-tempered and combative; stubborn
Example
The ornery old man refused to leave his chair.
El gruñón anciano se negó a dejar su silla.
B2 adverb /ʌnˈwɪlɪŋli/

unwillingly

de mala gana
Meaning
in a way that shows reluctance or lack of desire; not willingly
Example
She unwillingly agreed to attend the meeting.
Ella aceptó asistir a la reunión de mala gana.
B1 noun /ˈkɒntɪnənt/

continent

continente
Meaning
one of the large landmasses on Earth such as Asia, Africa, or Europe
Example
Asia is the largest continent in the world.
Asia es el continente más grande del mundo.
B2 noun /əkˈsɛsəri/

accessory

accesorio; persona que ayuda a cometer un crimen
Meaning
a thing which can be added to something else to make it more useful, versatile, or attractive; a person who assists in committing a crime
Example
She bought some stylish accessories for her new phone.
Ella compró algunos accesorios elegantes para su nuevo teléfono.
C1 verb ɪˈluː.sɪ.deɪt

elucidate

elucidar, aclarar
Meaning
make (something) clear; explain.
Example
The professor elucidated the theory with simple examples.
El profesor elucidó la teoría con ejemplos sencillos.
B2 adjective /ʌnˈdɪvaɪdɪd/

Undivided

Indiviso; completo; no separado ni dividido
Meaning
whole; complete; not separated or split
Example
The team showed undivided attention to the coach's instructions.
El equipo mostró atención indivisa a las instrucciones del entrenador.
C1 adjective /ˈpoʊləraɪzd/

polarized

polarizado
Meaning
divided into two sharply contrasting groups or opinions
Example
The debate polarized the community on the issue of climate change.
El debate polarizó a la comunidad sobre el tema del cambio climático.
C1 noun sælˈveɪʃən

salvation

salvación
Meaning
Deliverance from sin and its consequences, believed by Christians to be brought about by faith in Christ.
Example
The story revolves around the theme of salvation.
La historia gira en torno al tema de la salvación.
B2 adjective /ˈtrɒp.ɪ.kəl/

tropical

tropical
Meaning
Relating to the tropics; characterized by hot and humid climate.
Example
The Amazon rainforest is home to many tropical species.
La selva amazónica es hogar de muchas especies tropicales.
C1 noun /ˈpoʊtənsi/

potency

potencia
Meaning
The power or ability of something to affect or influence; strength or effectiveness.
Example
The potency of the new medicine amazed the doctors.
La potencia de la nueva medicina sorprendió a los médicos.
C2 verb /ˌpriːɪɡˈzɪst/

preexist

existir previamente
Meaning
to exist beforehand or before something else
Example
These customs preexist the arrival of modern technology.
Esas costumbres existían antes de la llegada de la tecnología moderna.
B2 adjective /ˈpəʊstwɔːr/

postwar

postguerra
Meaning
occurring or existing after a war
Example
The postwar period saw significant economic growth.
El periodo de postguerra vio un crecimiento económico significativo.
A2 noun /ˈæktrəs/

actress

actriz
Meaning
a female performer in plays, movies, or television
Example
The actress looked stunning on the red carpet.
La actriz lucía impresionante en la alfombra roja.
B2 adjective /daɪˈnæm.ɪk/

dynamic

dinámico
Meaning
Characterized by constant change, activity, or progress.
Example
Life flows in a dynamic stream.
La vida fluye en una corriente dinámica.