debar
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C1 verb /dɪˈbɑːr/

debar

prohibir
Meaning
To officially prevent someone from doing something.
Example
He was debarred from entering the competition due to cheating.
Fue descalificado de la competencia debido al engaño.
C1 verb /praʊl/

prowl

merodear (para cazar o buscar)
Meaning
To move around quietly and secretly, especially while hunting or searching.
Example
The cat prowled around the garden at night.
La gata merodeó alrededor del jardín por la noche.
C1 noun /ˈheɪvən/

haven

refugio
Meaning
a safe place or shelter
Example
The library became a haven for students during exams.
La biblioteca se convirtió en un refugio para los estudiantes durante los exámenes.
C1 noun /kənˈveɪəns/

conveyance

transporte
Meaning
The action or process of transporting or carrying someone or something from one place to another.
Example
The conveyance of goods was delayed due to bad weather.
El transporte de mercancías se retrasó debido al mal tiempo.
C1 adjective /ˈɔːrθədɑːks/

orthodox

ortodoxo
Meaning
conforming to traditional beliefs or practices
Example
He comes from a very orthodox family.
Él proviene de una familia muy ortodoxa.
C1 noun /ˈsæŋk.ʃən/

Sanction

sanción
Meaning
official permission or approval; a penalty for disobeying a rule
Example
The government imposed economic sanctions on the country.
El gobierno impuso sanciones económicas al país.
C1 adjective pərˈnɪʃəs

pernicious

perjudicial, nocivo
Meaning
Having a harmful effect, especially in a gradual or subtle way.
Example
The pernicious effects of smoking are well-documented.
Los efectos perjudiciales del fumar están bien documentados.
C1 adjective /hɔːrs/

Hoarse

voz áspera o ronca; tener la voz áspera por gritar o enfermedad
Meaning
rough or harsh in sound; having a rough voice from shouting or illness
Example
His voice became hoarse after shouting at the concert.
Su voz se volvió áspera después de gritar en el concierto.
C1 noun /nuːs/

Noose

lazo
Meaning
a loop with a running knot used for hanging; a trap or snare
Example
The cowboy made a noose to catch the wild horse.
El vaquero hizo un lazo para atrapar al caballo salvaje.
C1 adjective /ˈnɪp.i/

Nippy

frío; helado; rápido y ágil en movimiento
Meaning
cold; chilly; quick and agile in movement
Example
It's quite nippy outside today, you should wear a jacket.
Hace bastante frío afuera hoy, deberías llevar una chaqueta.
C1 adjective ˌæd.vɚˈser.i.əl

adversarial

adversarial
Meaning
Involving or characterized by conflict or opposition.
Example
The two companies have an adversarial relationship in the market.
Las dos empresas tienen una relación adversarial en el mercado.
C1 noun /juːˈfɔː.ri.ə/

euphoria

euforia, alegría extrema, éxtasis
Meaning
A feeling or state of intense excitement and happiness; elation.
Example
Winning the championship brought a sense of euphoria.
Ganar el campeonato le dio una sensación de euforia.
C1 verb /mɑːrd/

marred

estropear
Meaning
to spoil or damage the quality or appearance of something
Example
The celebration was marred by bad weather.
La celebración fue arruinada por mal tiempo.
C1 adjective /ˈpɔɪ.njənt/

poignant

conmovedor, profundo
Meaning
evoking a keen sense of sadness or regret; deeply touching
Example
The movie's ending was so poignant that many in the audience were moved to tears.
El final de la película fue tan conmovedor que muchos en la audiencia se conmovieron hasta las lágrimas.
C1 verb /skwiːl/

squeal

chillar
Meaning
to make a high-pitched cry; to inform on someone
Example
The children squealed with delight when they saw the surprise.
Los niños chillaron de alegría cuando vieron la sorpresa.
C1 noun /hɑːrp/

Harp

arpa
Meaning
a large triangular musical instrument with strings that are plucked
Example
The angel played a beautiful melody on the harp.
El ángel tocó una hermosa melodía en el arpa.
C1 noun /ɪˈvæp.ər.ə.tɪv ˈkuː.lər/

Evaporative cooler

enfriador por evaporación
Meaning
a cooling device that uses water evaporation to reduce air temperature
Example
The evaporative cooler works best in dry climates.
El enfriador por evaporación funciona mejor en climas secos.
C1 adjective /ˈskeɪðɪŋ/

scathing

crítica mordaz
Meaning
severely critical; harshly scornful
Example
The critic wrote a scathing review of the movie.
El crítico escribió una crítica mordaz de la película.
C1 verb /dɔːnt/

daunt

desanimar
Meaning
to make someone feel intimidated, discouraged, or less confident
Example
The steep climb did not daunt the experienced hikers.
La empinada subida no desanimó a los excursionistas experimentados.
C1 noun /ˈʃɜːrbət/

sherbet

sorbete
Meaning
a sweet flavored drink or a frozen dessert made from sweetened fruit juice
Example
On hot days, she enjoys a glass of lemon sherbet.
En los días calurosos, disfruta de un vaso de sorbete de limón.
C1 verb /ɪnˈvoʊk/

invoke

invocar
Meaning
to call upon a higher power, authority, or principle for help, support, or justification
Example
The lawyer invoked the constitution to defend his client.
El abogado invocó la constitución para defender a su cliente.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈkɒmp(ə)rəbl/

incomparable

incomparable
Meaning
Without an equal in quality or excellence; matchless.
Example
The view from the mountain was incomparable.
La vista desde la montaña era incomparable.
C1 verb /dɪsˈpleɪs/

displace

desplazar
Meaning
to force someone or something out of their usual or original position; to replace or substitute
Example
The new technology will displace many traditional manufacturing jobs.
La nueva tecnología desplazará muchos trabajos tradicionales de manufactura.
C1 noun moʊst ˈvʌlnərəbəl ˈneɪʃən

most vulnerable nation

nación más vulnerable
Meaning
A country that is highly exposed to risks and lacks adequate protection or resilience.
Example
Bangladesh is one of the most vulnerable nations to climate change.
Bangladesh es uno de los países más vulnerables al cambio climático.
C1 verb /ˈmɜːrmər/

murmur

murmurar
Meaning
To say something in a low, soft, or indistinct voice.
Example
She murmured a prayer before going to sleep.
Ella murmuró una oración antes de dormir.
C1 verb /dɪˈfrɔːd/

defraud

defraudar
Meaning
to illegally take money or valuables from someone by deception
Example
The company was accused of trying to defraud investors.
La empresa fue acusada de intentar defraudar a los inversores.
C1 noun kəˈlɛktɪvɪzəm

collectivism

colectivismo
Meaning
The practice or principle of giving a group priority over each individual in it.
Example
Collectivism emphasizes the importance of group over individual interests.
El colectivismo enfatiza la importancia del grupo sobre los intereses individuales.
C1 verb /məˈlɛst/

molest

acosar / molestar
Meaning
to assault or abuse someone, especially in a sexual or physical way
Example
The criminal was arrested for attempting to molest a child.
El criminal fue arrestado por intentar molestar a un niño.
C1 noun /ˈweɪ.stɪdʒ/

Wastage

desperdicio
Meaning
the action of using or expending something carelessly or without purpose
Example
The company reduced food wastage by implementing better inventory management.
La empresa redujo el desperdicio de alimentos implementando una mejor gestión de inventario.
C1 noun /ɪkˈstrɛmɪti/

extremity

extremidad
Meaning
The farthest point or limit of something; a severe or extreme condition.
Example
He was pushed to the extremity of his patience.
Él fue empujado hasta el extremo de su paciencia.
C1 adjective /ˌʌnəˈteɪnəbl/

unattainable

inalcanzable
Meaning
impossible to achieve, reach, or accomplish
Example
For many, becoming a professional athlete remains an unattainable dream.
Para muchos, convertirse en un atleta profesional sigue siendo un sueño inalcanzable.
C1 noun /ɪˈmɜː.ʃən/

immersion

inmersión
Meaning
Complete engagement in an environment or experience.
Example
Immersion in VR games makes users feel like they are inside the virtual world.
La inmersión en juegos de VR hace que los usuarios sientan como si estuvieran dentro del mundo virtual.
C1 noun, verb /ˈfɜːrloʊ/

furlough

licencia temporal
Meaning
temporary leave of absence from work, especially that granted to an employee or soldier
Example
Many workers were placed on furlough during the crisis.
Muchos trabajadores fueron puestos en furlough durante la crisis.
C1 verb /priːˈɛmpt/

preempt

prevenir
Meaning
To take action in order to prevent something from happening; to take the place of something.
Example
The government acted quickly to preempt a financial crisis.
El gobierno actuó rápidamente para prevenir una crisis financiera.
C1 adjective /ˌrɛtroʊˈæktɪv/

retroactive

retroactivo
Meaning
applying to a period before it was enacted or established
Example
The new law was made retroactive to cover past cases.
La nueva ley se hizo retroactiva para cubrir los casos pasados.
C1 adjective /ˈlaʊzi/

lousy

malo
Meaning
of very poor quality; bad or unpleasant
Example
He felt lousy after catching the flu.
Se sintió mal después de coger la gripe.
C1 noun /ˈtrɛmər/

tremor

temblor
Meaning
a slight shaking movement in a person’s body or in the ground
Example
A small tremor was felt before the earthquake.
Se sintió un pequeño temblor antes del terremoto.
C1 adjective ˈkwɒn.tɪ.faɪ.ə.bəl

quantifiable

cuantificable
Meaning
Able to be expressed or measured as a quantity; capable of being counted or calculated.
Example
The impact of the project is quantifiable.
El impacto del proyecto es cuantificable.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈsɒlvənt/

insolvent

insolvente
Meaning
unable to pay debts owed
Example
The insolvent firm could not meet its financial obligations.
La empresa insolvente no pudo cumplir con sus obligaciones financieras.
C1 verb /bʌdʒ/

budge

mover ligeramente / cambiar de opinión o posición
Meaning
To move slightly; to change one’s opinion or position.
Example
Despite the pressure, he refused to budge from his decision.
A pesar de la presión, él se negó a moverse de su decisión.
C1 verb /niːd/

knead

amasar
Meaning
to work dough or clay into a uniform mixture by pressing, folding, and stretching
Example
She kneads the dough until it becomes smooth.
Ella amasa la masa hasta que se vuelve suave.
C1 noun /ˈiːɡoʊˌtɪzəm/

egotism

egotismo
Meaning
The practice of talking and thinking about oneself excessively because of an inflated sense of self-importance.
Example
His constant boasting revealed his egotism.
Su constante jactancia reveló su egotismo.
C1 adjective /vɪnˈdɪk.tɪv/

Vindictive

vindictivo
Meaning
having or showing a strong or unreasoning desire for revenge
Example
His vindictive behavior towards his former colleagues was unprofessional.
Su comportamiento vengativo hacia sus antiguos colegas fue poco profesional.
C1 noun /ˈdeɪ.ə.ti/

deity

deidad
Meaning
a god or goddess
Example
The temple is dedicated to a Hindu deity.
El templo está dedicado a una deidad hindú.
C1 verb /ʌnˈsɛtl/

unsettle

desconcertar
Meaning
To disturb or make someone feel anxious or uneasy.
Example
The sudden news unsettled the entire community.
La noticia repentina desconcertó a toda la comunidad.
C1 verb /ˈpæmpər/

pamper

mimar / consentir
Meaning
to treat with excessive care and attention; to spoil
Example
Parents often pamper their first child.
Los padres a menudo miman a su primer hijo.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈfæləbl̩/

infallible

infalible
Meaning
incapable of making mistakes or being wrong
Example
Her judgment seemed infallible in matters of finance.
Su juicio parecía infalible en cuestiones financieras.
C1 noun /ˈsaɪnəs/

sinus

seno
Meaning
A cavity within a bone or tissue, especially those in the bones of the face connected with the nasal cavities.
Example
He suffered from a sinus infection that caused headaches.
Él sufrió de una infección sinusal que le causó dolor de cabeza.
C1 noun ˌɪn.fɪlˈtreɪ.ʃən

infiltration

infiltración, acceso secreto
Meaning
The process of entering or gaining access to an organization or place surreptitiously.
Example
Cybersecurity prevents infiltration into sensitive data.
La ciberseguridad previene la infiltración en datos sensibles.
C1 adjective /səbˈsɪd.i.ər.i/

Subsidiary

subsidiario; secundario; relacionado con una empresa subsidiaria
Meaning
less important than the main thing; secondary; of or relating to a subsidiary company
Example
The subsidiary company handles all overseas operations.
La empresa subsidiaria maneja todas las operaciones en el extranjero.
C1 noun /ˈhɒrəˌskoʊp/

horoscope

horóscopo
Meaning
A forecast of a person's future based on the positions of the stars and planets at their birth.
Example
She read her horoscope every morning to see what the stars predicted.
Ella leía su horóscopo cada mañana para ver lo que las estrellas predijeron.
C1 adverb /ˈhɒtli/

hotly

airadamente
Meaning
in an intense, angry, or passionate way
Example
She hotly denied the accusations.
Ella negó las acusaciones airadamente.
C1 adjective /dɪˈfɛnsəbəl/

defensible

defendible / justificable
Meaning
Capable of being protected against attack or criticism; justifiable.
Example
Her decision was legally defensible.
Su decisión era legalmente defendible.
C1 adjective /ˈmɒdʒʊlər/

modular

modular
Meaning
Employing or involving a module or modules as the basis of design or construction.
Example
The modular design allows for easy customization and scalability.
El diseño modular permite una fácil personalización y escalabilidad.
C1 adjective /ˈmɑːr.dʒɪ.nəl/

Marginal

marginal; mínimo; leve
Meaning
relating to or situated at the edge; minimal; slight
Example
The marginal improvement in sales was barely noticeable.
La mejora marginal en las ventas fue apenas notable.
C1 verb /səˈfɪstɪkeɪt/

sophisticate

sofisticar
Meaning
to make something more complex or refined; to educate or develop in taste and manners
Example
Traveling abroad helped sophisticate his worldview.
Viajar al extranjero ayudó a sofisticar su visión del mundo.
C1 noun /ɛnˈdɔːr.fɪnz/

endorphins

endorfina
Meaning
Chemical compounds produced by the brain that reduce pain and create feelings of happiness.
Example
Exercise releases endorphins, reducing stress and pain.
El ejercicio libera endorfinas, reduciendo el estrés y el dolor.
C1 verb /dɪˈtrækt/

detract

restar
Meaning
To reduce or take away the worth or value of something.
Example
His rude behavior will detract from his good reputation.
Su comportamiento grosero restará valor a su buena reputación.
C1 noun dɪˈdʒɛnəˌreɪtɪv dɪˈzizɪz

degenerative diseases

enfermedades degenerativas
Meaning
Medical conditions that involve the deterioration or progressive decline of tissues, organs, or functions
Example
Degenerative diseases are common in an aging population.
Las enfermedades degenerativas son comunes en una población envejecida.
C1 noun /ˌmʌltɪˈplɪsɪti/

multiplicity

multiplicidad
Meaning
A large number or variety of something.
Example
The project faced a multiplicity of challenges.
El proyecto enfrentó una multiplicidad de desafíos.
C1 noun /dʒest/

Jest

broma; chiste
Meaning
a thing said or done for amusement; a joke
Example
His comment was made in jest, not to offend anyone.
Su comentario fue hecho en broma, no para ofender a nadie.
C1 adjective /ʌlˈtɪəriər/

ulterior

motivo oculto
Meaning
hidden or secret, often with a selfish motive
Example
He invited her with an ulterior motive.
La invitó con un motivo oculto.
C1 adjective /ˈflɪmzi/

flimsy

débil
Meaning
weak, fragile, or lacking in strength; not convincing
Example
The chair was too flimsy to support his weight.
La silla era demasiado débil para soportar su peso.
C1 noun /əˈseɪlənt/

assailant

agresor
Meaning
a person who attacks another
Example
The police arrested the assailant at the scene.
La policía arrestó al agresor en el lugar del crimen.
C1 verb /taʊt/

tout

promocionar
Meaning
to promote, praise, or advertise aggressively
Example
The company touted its new product as a game-changer.
La empresa promocionó su nuevo producto como un cambio de juego.
C1 noun /səˈlɪn.ə.t̬i/

salinity

salinidad, concentración de sal
Meaning
The salt content of soil or water, typically measured as a concentration.
Example
The salinity of the ocean varies depending on depth and location.
La salinidad del océano varía dependiendo de la profundidad y la ubicación.
C1 adjective /ˈhɪd.i.əs/

Hideous

horrible; espantoso; grotesco
Meaning
extremely ugly or unpleasant; causing shock or disgust
Example
The monster in the movie had a hideous appearance.
El monstruo en la película tenía una apariencia espantosa.
C1 noun /ˌɪmɔːrˈtæləti/

immortality

inmortalidad
Meaning
the state of living forever; eternal life or lasting fame beyond death
Example
Many ancient cultures believed that heroes could achieve immortality through great deeds.
Muchas culturas antiguas creían que los héroes podían alcanzar la inmortalidad mediante grandes hazañas.
C1 verb /priːˈɒkjʊpaɪ/

preoccupy

preocupar, obsesionar
Meaning
To dominate or engross the mind of someone to the exclusion of other thoughts.
Example
Worries about the future preoccupy him constantly.
Las preocupaciones sobre el futuro lo ocupan constantemente.
C1 noun /ˌkɔːriˈɒɡrəfi/

choreography

coreografía
Meaning
The art of designing and arranging dances and movements.
Example
The choreography of the ballet was breathtaking.
La coreografía del ballet fue impresionante.
C1 noun, verb /ˈbʌtrəs/

buttress

contrafuerte, soporte
Meaning
a structure built against a wall for support; to support or strengthen
Example
The cathedral walls were buttressed to prevent collapse.
Las paredes de la catedral fueron apoyadas para evitar el colapso.
C1 noun ˌsætʃəˈreɪʃən

saturation

saturación
Meaning
The state of being saturated; the degree or extent to which something is dissolved or absorbed
Example
The saturation of the market with similar products reduced sales.
La saturación del mercado con productos similares redujo las ventas.
C1 verb /hjuːˈmɪlieɪt/

humiliate

humillar
Meaning
to make someone feel ashamed or foolish by injuring their dignity
Example
He was humiliated by his public failure.
Él fue humillado por su fracaso público.
C1 verb /aʊtˈlæst/

outlast

perdurar más tiempo que
Meaning
to continue longer than; to endure beyond someone or something else
Example
The old castle has outlasted many generations.
El viejo castillo ha perdurado más que muchas generaciones.
C1 noun /mɜːrθ/

mirth

alegría
Meaning
Great joy, amusement, or laughter.
Example
The festival was full of mirth and laughter.
El festival estaba lleno de alegría y risas.
C1 adjective/verb /ˈkɒn.sə.mət/

consummate

completar o perfeccionar algo con gran habilidad
Meaning
To complete or perfect something with great skill
Example
He is a consummate artist with years of experience.
Él es un artista consumado con años de experiencia.
C1 adjective /ˈkɔːrdiəl/

Cordial

cordial; sincero; afectuoso
Meaning
warmly friendly; sincere; heartfelt
Example
She gave us a cordial welcome at the front door.
Nos dio una cordial bienvenida en la puerta principal.
C1 noun /ˈstɪɡmə/

stigma

estigma
Meaning
a mark of shame or disgrace associated with a particular circumstance or quality
Example
There is still a stigma around mental health issues in many societies.
Todavía existe un estigma en torno a los problemas de salud mental en muchas sociedades.
C1 noun /ˈwɪndfɔːl/

windfall

ganancia inesperada
Meaning
an unexpected piece of good fortune, typically a large amount of money
Example
The startup received a windfall when a major client paid for a full year in advance.
La startup recibió una ganancia inesperada cuando un cliente importante pagó por un año completo por adelantado.
C1 noun /ɪˈleɪʃən/

elation

éxtasis
Meaning
A feeling of great happiness and excitement.
Example
His elation was evident after winning the championship.
Su éxtasis era evidente después de ganar el campeonato.
C1 noun /ˈsɪvɪks/

civics

educación cívica
Meaning
the study of the rights and duties of citizens and how government works
Example
Civics helps students understand their responsibilities as citizens.
La educación cívica ayuda a los estudiantes a entender sus deberes como ciudadanos.
C1 verb /bɪˈsiːdʒ/

besiege

sitio
Meaning
to surround a place with armed forces to capture it; to overwhelm with requests or attention
Example
The city was besieged by enemy troops.
La ciudad fue sitiada por tropas enemigas.
C1 noun /səˈlɛmnɪti/

solemnity

solemnidad
Meaning
the state or quality of being serious and dignified
Example
The ceremony was conducted with great solemnity.
La ceremonia se realizó con gran solemnidad.
C1 noun /ˈkɒndjuɪt/ or /ˈkɑːnduɪt/

conduit

conducto / medio
Meaning
a channel or pipe for conveying water, electricity, or information
Example
The cable was placed inside a protective conduit.
El cable fue colocado dentro de un conducto protector.
C1 noun /sɪv/

sieve

colador
Meaning
a utensil with a mesh or perforated bottom, used for straining or sifting
Example
She used a sieve to strain the pasta.
Ella usó un colador para colar la pasta.
C1 adjective /ˈtɔːrtʃərəs/

torturous

tortuoso
Meaning
Extremely painful or causing great suffering; relating to or involving torture.
Example
The journey through the desert was long and torturous.
El viaje a través del desierto fue largo y tortuoso.
C1 adjective /ˈʌpərˌmoʊst/

uppermost

más alto
Meaning
situated at the highest place or most important
Example
Her family's safety was uppermost in her mind during the crisis.
La seguridad de su familia era lo más importante en su mente durante la crisis.
C1 adjective /ˈɡleɪʃəl/

glacial

relacionado con el hielo o los glaciares
Meaning
relating to ice or glaciers; extremely cold or unfriendly
Example
The mountains were covered in glacial ice.
Las montañas estaban cubiertas con hielo glacial.
C1 adjective /ˌɪnkəʊˈhɪərənt/

incoherent

incoherente
Meaning
Not clear or easy to understand; lacking logical connection.
Example
His explanation was so incoherent that nobody could follow it.
Su explicación era tan incoherente que nadie pudo seguirla.
C1 noun /ˈæb.stɪ.nəns/

abstinence

abstinencia, restricción
Meaning
the practice of restraining oneself from indulging in something, typically alcohol or sex
Example
His doctor advised abstinence from alcohol for better health.
Su médico le aconsejó abstinencia de alcohol para una mejor salud.
C1 noun ˌɒb.səˈlɛs.əns

obsolescence

obsolescencia
Meaning
The process of becoming obsolete or outdated and no longer used.
Example
The rapid advancement of technology leads to the obsolescence of old devices.
El rápido avance de la tecnología provoca la obsolescencia de los dispositivos antiguos.
C1 noun /ˌænəlˈdʒiːzɪk/

analgesic

analgésico
Meaning
A drug or substance that relieves pain.
Example
She took an analgesic to ease her headache.
Ella tomó un analgésico para aliviar su dolor de cabeza.
C1 noun /ˈleɪˌpɜːrsən/

layperson

persona común
Meaning
A person who is not a member of the clergy or does not have specialized knowledge in a subject.
Example
The judge explained the law so that the layperson could understand.
El juez explicó la ley de manera que la persona común pudiera entenderla.
C1 verb /dɪsˈlɒdʒ/

dislodge

desalojar
Meaning
To remove or force out from a position, especially one that is fixed or hard to move.
Example
The troops dislodged the enemy from the hill.
Las tropas desalojaron al enemigo de la colina.
C1 noun /ˈbraɪ.dəl/

Bridle

frente; brida
Meaning
the headgear used to control a horse, consisting of buckled straps and a bit
Example
The rider adjusted the horse's bridle before mounting for the race.
El jinete ajustó el freno del caballo antes de montarlo para la carrera.
C1 noun /ˈpræɡ.mə.tɪ.zəm/

pragmatism

pragmatismo
Meaning
A practical approach to problems and affairs; dealing with things sensibly and realistically.
Example
His pragmatism helped solve the financial crisis.
Su pragmatismo ayudó a resolver la crisis financiera.
C1 verb /ɔːrˈdeɪn/

ordain

ordenar
Meaning
To officially make someone a priest or minister; to decree or order something officially.
Example
The bishop will ordain three new priests this Sunday.
El obispo ordenará tres nuevos sacerdotes este domingo.
C1 adjective /ˈɑːr.dənt/

Ardent

ardiente; entusiasta; fervoroso
Meaning
very enthusiastic; passionate; fervent
Example
She is an ardent supporter of environmental conservation.
Ella es una ferviente defensora de la conservación ambiental.
C1 adjective /ˌærɪˈstɒkrætɪk/

Aristocratic

aristocrático; perteneciente a la nobleza
Meaning
noble; having the manners of the upper class
Example
She had an aristocratic bearing that commanded respect.
Ella tenía una actitud aristocrática que imponía respeto.
C1 noun ɪnˌten.sɪ.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃən

intensification

intensificación
Meaning
The process of becoming or making something more intense or extreme.
Example
The intensification of climate change requires urgent action.
La intensificación del cambio climático requiere una acción urgente.
C1 noun /wæɡ/

Wag

persona bromista; alguien que disfruta hacer chistes
Meaning
a humorous or playful person; someone who enjoys joking around
Example
The class wag always made everyone laugh with his clever jokes.
El bromista de la clase siempre hacía reír a todos con sus bromas ingeniosas.
C1 noun /mæɡˈnɪfɪsəns/

magnificence

magnificencia
Meaning
splendor, grandeur, or impressive beauty
Example
The magnificence of the palace left everyone speechless.
La magnificencia del palacio dejó a todos sin palabras.
C1 noun, adjective /ˈlæksətɪv/

laxative

laxante
Meaning
A medicine or substance that stimulates bowel movements; tending to loosen or relieve constipation.
Example
The doctor prescribed a mild laxative for her condition.
El médico recetó un laxante suave para su condición.
C1 noun ˈhʌz.bən.dri

husbandry

agricultura y ganadería
Meaning
The care, cultivation, and breeding of crops and animals; farming and agriculture.
Example
Proper husbandry techniques improve livestock health.
Las técnicas adecuadas de ganadería mejoran la salud del ganado.
C1 adjective /tɛk ˈdrɪv.ən/

tech-driven

impulsado por la tecnología
Meaning
Powered or guided by technology; dependent on technological advancement for operation.
Example
The agricultural sector is becoming more tech-driven for higher efficiency.
El sector agrícola está volviéndose más impulsado por la tecnología para una mayor eficiencia.
C1 verb /ɡliːn/

glean

recoger
Meaning
to collect or gather slowly and bit by bit, especially information or crops left after harvest
Example
The journalist gleaned facts from several sources.
El periodista recopiló hechos de varias fuentes.
C1 noun /ˌkʌl də ˈsæk/

cul de sac

calle sin salida
Meaning
A street or passage closed at one end; a dead end.
Example
They bought a house at the end of a quiet cul de sac.
Compraron una casa al final de una tranquila calle sin salida.
C1 adjective /ˈmaʊntɪnəs/

Mountainous

montañoso
Meaning
having many mountains; characterized by mountains
Example
The mountainous region was difficult to travel through.
La región montañosa era difícil de recorrer.
C1 verb /səˈkʌm/

succumb

sucumbir
Meaning
To give in to pressure, temptation, or illness; to yield or fail to resist.
Example
He finally succumbed to his illness after a long struggle.
Finalmente sucumbió a su enfermedad después de una larga lucha.
C1 noun /kəˈlɪɡrəfi/

calligraphy

el arte de la escritura hermosa y decorativa
Meaning
The art of beautiful and decorative handwriting.
Example
She took a course to improve her calligraphy skills.
Ella tomó un curso para mejorar sus habilidades en caligrafía.
C1 adjective /nɑːkˈtɜr.nəl/

Nocturnal

nocturno
Meaning
active at night; happening during the night
Example
Owls are nocturnal animals that hunt at night.
Los búhos son animales nocturnos que cazan por la noche.
C1 adjective /ˈsiːzənəbəl/

Seasonable

estacional
Meaning
occurring at the right time; appropriate for the season; timely
Example
The seasonable rain helped the farmers with their crops.
La lluvia estacional ayudó a los agricultores con sus cultivos.
C1 verb /ˌkɒntrəˈviːn/

contravene

contravenir
Meaning
to go against or act in opposition to a law, rule, or agreement
Example
He contravened the safety regulations and was fined.
Él contravino las normas de seguridad y fue multado.
C1 noun /pəˈrɪfəri/

periphery

periferia
Meaning
The outer edge or boundary of an area or object.
Example
The soldiers were stationed at the periphery of the camp.
Los soldados estaban estacionados en la periferia del campamento.
C1 noun /ˈvaɪəˌleɪtər/

violator

infractor
Meaning
A person who breaks or disregards a law, rule, or agreement.
Example
The police caught the traffic violator at the intersection.
La policía atrapó al infractor de tráfico en la intersección.
C1 noun /ˈæmplɪtjuːd/

amplitude

amplitud
Meaning
the maximum extent of a vibration or oscillation, or the size of something
Example
The amplitude of the earthquake was measured on the Richter scale.
La amplitud del terremoto fue medida en la escala de Richter.
C1 noun /ˈlɔːriət/

laureate

galardonado
Meaning
A person honored with an award for outstanding achievement in a field, especially the arts or sciences.
Example
The Nobel laureate gave an inspiring lecture on peace.
El laureado Nobel dio una conferencia inspiradora sobre la paz.
C1 noun /ˈmɪlɪtəˌrɪzəm/

militarism

militarismo
Meaning
The belief in maintaining a strong military and using it aggressively to defend or promote national interests.
Example
The rise of militarism in the region caused tension among neighboring countries.
El auge del militarismo en la región causó tensiones entre los países vecinos.
C1 adjective /ˈloʊli/

lowly

humilde
Meaning
humble in status, position, or manner
Example
She rose from a lowly position to become the company's CEO.
Ella subió de una posición humilde a ser la CEO de la empresa.
C1 adjective /ˈstætʃətɔːri/

statutory

estatutario
Meaning
Required, permitted, or enacted by law.
Example
The company must comply with all statutory regulations.
La empresa debe cumplir con todas las regulaciones estatutarias.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈsɛnsəbl/

insensible

insensible
Meaning
Unconscious; unaware of or indifferent to something.
Example
He was insensible to the cold as he lay in the snow.
Él estaba insensible al frío mientras yacía en la nieve.