creditable
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C1 adjective /ˈkrɛdɪtəbl/

creditable

digno de elogio
Meaning
Deserving praise or acknowledgment, though not necessarily outstanding.
Example
She made a creditable effort in completing the project on time.
Ella hizo un esfuerzo digno de elogio al completar el proyecto a tiempo.
C1 noun /ˌdʒuː.bɪˈleɪ.ʃən/

jubilation

jubileo
Meaning
a feeling or expression of great happiness and triumph
Example
There was jubilation in the streets after the victory.
Hubo jubileo en las calles después de la victoria.
C1 noun /ˈwɪzərdri/

wizardry

destreza mágica
Meaning
The art or practice of magic; great skill or expertise in something.
Example
The programmer's wizardry amazed everyone in the room.
La destreza del programador asombró a todos en la sala.
C1 noun /jiːld ˌɒptɪmaɪˈzeɪʃən/

yield optimization

optimización del rendimiento
Meaning
The process of maximizing the productivity or efficiency of crop production through various agricultural techniques and practices.
Example
Yield optimization techniques can significantly improve crop production.
Las técnicas de optimización del rendimiento pueden mejorar significativamente la producción de cultivos.
C1 noun /ˈvɪdʒ.ɪ.ləns/

vigilance

vigilancia
Meaning
The action or state of keeping careful watch for possible danger or difficulties.
Example
Constant vigilance is required in cybersecurity.
Se requiere vigilancia constante en ciberseguridad.
C1 noun /ˌprəʊ.baɪˈɒt.ɪks/

probiotics

probióticos
Meaning
Live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer health benefits to the host, especially for digestive health.
Example
Probiotics improve digestion and enhance gut health.
Los probióticos mejoran la digestión y promueven la salud intestinal.
C1 noun /ləˈɡuːn/

lagoon

laguna
Meaning
A shallow body of water separated from the sea by sandbars or reefs.
Example
We swam in the calm waters of the lagoon.
Nadamos en las tranquilas aguas de la laguna.
C1 adverb/adjective /vɜːˈbeɪ.tɪm/

verbatim

palabra por palabra o literalmente
Meaning
In exactly the same words as were used originally; word for word repetition.
Example
She repeated his instructions verbatim to avoid errors.
Ella repitió sus instrucciones palabra por palabra para evitar errores.
C1 noun /ˈsæf.aɪər/

Saphire

zafiro
Meaning
a precious stone that is typically blue in color
Example
The royal crown was adorned with a large sapphire.
La corona real estaba adornada con un gran zafiro.
C1 adjective /kɑːrˈnɪv.ər.əs/

Carnivorous

carnívoro
Meaning
feeding on other animals; meat-eating
Example
Lions are carnivorous animals that hunt other animals for food.
Los leones son animales carnívoros que cazan otros animales para alimentarse.
C1 noun /ˈsɪn.ɪˌsɪz.əm/

cynicism

cinismo
Meaning
An inclination to believe that people are motivated purely by self-interest; skepticism.
Example
His cynicism made it hard for him to trust anyone.
Su cinismo le dificultaba confiar en alguien.
C1 adjective /kənˈsɪliətɔːri/

conciliatory

conciliatorio
Meaning
intended to make someone less angry or more agreeable; soothing
Example
She spoke in a conciliatory tone to ease the tension.
Ella habló en un tono conciliatorio para calmar la tensión.
C1 noun /wɪk/

Wick

mecha de vela
Meaning
a cord or strand of cotton that burns to provide light in a candle or lamp
Example
The candle wick needs to be trimmed for better burning.
La mecha de la vela necesita ser recortada para una mejor combustión.
C1 verb əˈblɪt.ə.reɪt

obliterate

destruir
Meaning
To destroy utterly; wipe out completely, to erase or remove something completely.
Example
The storm obliterated entire villages.
La tormenta destruyó aldeas enteras.
C1 noun /ˈnɪkəl/

nickel

níquel
Meaning
a small coin, typically worth five cents in the United States
Example
He found a nickel on the ground.
Él encontró un níquel en el suelo.
C1 noun /klaʊt/

clout

influencia
Meaning
influence or power, especially in politics or business
Example
The businessman has a lot of political clout.
El hombre de negocios tiene mucha influencia política.
C1 noun /kənˈveɪəns/

conveyance

transporte
Meaning
The action or process of transporting or carrying someone or something from one place to another.
Example
The conveyance of goods was delayed due to bad weather.
El transporte de mercancías se retrasó debido al mal tiempo.
C1 noun /θiˈɒlədʒi/

theology

teología
Meaning
The study of the nature of God and religious beliefs.
Example
She is pursuing a degree in theology at the university.
Ella está cursando una carrera en teología en la universidad.
C1 verb /ɡʌʃ/

gush

brotar
Meaning
to flow out suddenly and forcefully, or to express something enthusiastically
Example
Tears began to gush from her eyes.
Las lágrimas empezaron a brotar de sus ojos.
C1 noun /əˈtrɑːsəti/

atrocity

atrocidad
Meaning
an extremely cruel or violent act, often involving physical violence
Example
The world condemned the atrocity committed against civilians.
El mundo condenó la atrocidad cometida contra los civiles.
C1 noun /heɪz/

Haze

neblina
Meaning
a slight obscuration of the lower atmosphere, typically caused by fine suspended particles; confusion
Example
The morning haze lifted gradually as the sun rose higher in the sky.
La neblina matutina se levantó gradualmente a medida que el sol se elevaba más alto en el cielo.
C1 noun /əˈkuːstɪks/

acoustics

acústica
Meaning
the science of sound, or the properties of a space that affect how sound is heard
Example
The hall’s excellent acoustics made the orchestra sound rich and clear.
La excelente acústica del salón hizo que la orquesta sonara rica y clara.
C1 verb /ˈdʒʌk.stə.poʊz/

juxtapose

colocar dos cosas diferentes cerca una de la otra
Meaning
To place two different things close together to show how they are different or similar.
Example
The artist juxtaposed traditional and modern elements in his painting.
El artista colocó elementos tradicionales y modernos en su pintura.
C1 adjective /ˌɪnəˈfɛnsɪv/

inoffensive

inoffensivo
Meaning
Not likely to offend or provoke; harmless.
Example
His inoffensive remarks kept the conversation friendly.
Sus comentarios inofensivos mantuvieron la conversación amigable.
C1 noun /juːnəˈnɪməti/

Unanimity

unanimidad
Meaning
complete agreement among all members of a group
Example
The committee reached unanimity on the new policy.
El comité alcanzó la unanimidad sobre la nueva política.
C1 verb /bɪˈlɪtl/

belittle

menospreciar
Meaning
To make someone or something seem less important or less valuable.
Example
He often belittled his coworkers to feel superior.
Él a menudo menospreciaba a sus compañeros de trabajo para sentirse superior.
C1 noun /ɪnˈsek.tɪ.saɪd/

Insecticide

insecticida
Meaning
a substance used for killing insects; a chemical pesticide that targets insects
Example
The farmer sprayed insecticide on his crops to protect them from harmful bugs.
El agricultor roció insecticida en sus cultivos para protegerlos de los insectos dañinos.
C1 noun /ˈæmplɪtjuːd/

amplitude

amplitud
Meaning
the maximum extent of a vibration or oscillation, or the size of something
Example
The amplitude of the earthquake was measured on the Richter scale.
La amplitud del terremoto fue medida en la escala de Richter.
C1 verb /dɪˈplɔːr/

deplore

deplorar
Meaning
to feel or express strong disapproval of something; to regret deeply
Example
Many people deplore the violence shown on television.
Muchas personas deploran la violencia mostrada en la televisión.
C1 verb /səbˈmɜːrdʒ/

submerge

sumergir
Meaning
to put under water or cover with liquid
Example
The floodwaters threatened to submerge the village.
Las aguas de la inundación amenazaron con sumergir el pueblo.
C1 noun /ˈdɑːsieɪ/

dossier

expediente
Meaning
A collection of documents about a particular person, event, or subject.
Example
The lawyer presented a dossier of evidence to the court.
El abogado presentó un expediente de pruebas ante el tribunal.
C1 adjective /ˈɛntərˌpraɪzɪŋ/

enterprising

emprendedor
Meaning
showing initiative and resourcefulness; willing to take risks to achieve success
Example
She is an enterprising young entrepreneur.
Ella es una joven emprendedora emprendedora.
C1 noun /ˈpæʃ.ən ˌflaʊ.ər/

Passion flower

flor de la pasión
Meaning
A climbing plant with intricate, colorful flowers; also refers to royal poinciana tree with red-orange blooms
Example
The passion flower vine covered the garden wall with beautiful blooms.
La vid de la flor de la pasión cubrió la pared del jardín con hermosas flores.
C1 verb /ˌriː.kənˈviːn/

reconvene

reunirse de nuevo
Meaning
to gather or assemble again, especially for a meeting
Example
The committee will reconvene after lunch.
El comité se reunirá después del almuerzo.
C1 noun /təˈbuː/

taboo

tabú
Meaning
a social or cultural prohibition against certain practices or discussions
Example
Talking about money is considered a taboo in some cultures.
Hablar de dinero se considera un tabú en algunas culturas.
C1 noun /deɪˈbɑː.kəl/

debacle

debacle
Meaning
A sudden and ignominious failure; a fiasco.
Example
The company's poor management led to a financial debacle.
La mala gestión de la empresa condujo a un debacle financiero.
C1 adjective ɪˈroʊ.ni.əs

erroneous

erróneo, incorrecto
Meaning
Wrong; incorrect.
Example
His assumptions were completely erroneous.
Sus suposiciones eran completamente erróneas.
C1 noun /dɪˈfjuːʒən/

diffusion

difusión
Meaning
the spreading of something more widely or the movement of particles from high to low concentration
Example
The diffusion of information on social media is rapid.
La difusión de información en las redes sociales es rápida.
C1 adjective /kənˈdʒiːniəl/

congenial

amistoso
Meaning
pleasant and friendly because of having similar interests or qualities
Example
They found the café a congenial place to meet and talk.
Encontraron el café un lugar amistoso para reunirse y charlar.
C1 verb /priːˈɒkjʊpaɪ/

preoccupy

preocupar, obsesionar
Meaning
To dominate or engross the mind of someone to the exclusion of other thoughts.
Example
Worries about the future preoccupy him constantly.
Las preocupaciones sobre el futuro lo ocupan constantemente.
C1 verb rɪˈplɛn.ɪʃ

replenish

reponer
Meaning
Fill something up again.
Example
Drinking water helps replenish lost fluids in the body.
Beber agua ayuda a reponer los líquidos perdidos en el cuerpo.
C1 noun /moʊl/

Mole

topo
Meaning
a small burrowing mammal with tiny eyes and soft fur
Example
The mole dug tunnels under the garden.
El topo excavó túneles bajo el jardín.
C1 noun, adjective /ˌæntiˈsɛptɪk/

antiseptic

antiséptico
Meaning
A substance that prevents the growth of disease-causing microorganisms; clean and free from germs.
Example
The nurse applied an antiseptic to the wound.
La enfermera aplicó un antiséptico a la herida.
C1 noun /kɑst/

Caste

casta; sistema de castas
Meaning
a social class system; a hereditary class of Hindu society
Example
The ancient caste system divided society into different social groups.
El antiguo sistema de castas dividió la sociedad en diferentes grupos sociales.
C1 adjective /ʌnˈtoʊld/

Untold

incontable; infinito
Meaning
very great in amount or degree; countless; immeasurable
Example
The earthquake caused untold damage to the city.
El terremoto causó daños incontables a la ciudad.
C1 noun ˈsɛlf pəˈzɪʃən

self-possession

autocontrol
Meaning
The quality of being calm and confident and in control of one's emotions; composure.
Example
His self-possession during the crisis was remarkable.
Su autocontrol durante la crisis fue notable.
C1 verb /ˈdʒɜːrmɪneɪt/

germinate

felicidad
Meaning
To begin to grow or develop, especially referring to a seed.
Example
The seeds germinate quickly in moist soil.
Ella no pudo ocultar su felicidad cuando recibió el premio.
C1 adjective /ˌpærəˈdɒksɪkəl/

paradoxical

paradójico
Meaning
Seemingly contradictory or opposed to common sense, yet possibly true.
Example
It is paradoxical that standing is often more tiring than walking.
Es paradójico que estar de pie sea a menudo más cansado que caminar.
C1 noun /ˈɑːr.sən.əl/

arsenal

arsenal
Meaning
A collection or storage place for weapons and military equipment.
Example
The army kept its weapons in a secure arsenal.
El ejército mantuvo sus armas en un arsenal seguro.
C1 adjective /əbˈnɒkʃəs/

Obnoxious

odioso
Meaning
extremely unpleasant; offensive; annoying
Example
His obnoxious behavior at the party annoyed everyone.
Su comportamiento odioso en la fiesta molestó a todos.
C1 noun /ˌmɔːrəˈtɔːriəm/

moratorium

moratoria
Meaning
A temporary suspension or delay of an activity, law, or obligation.
Example
The government announced a moratorium on new mining licenses.
El gobierno anunció una moratoria sobre las nuevas licencias de minería.
C1 noun /ˌvɜːbəlɪˈzeɪʃən/

verbalization

verbalización
Meaning
The action of expressing something in words.
Example
The verbalization of his thoughts was clear and direct.
La verbalización de sus pensamientos fue clara y directa.
C1 noun ˈhɪn.drəns

hindrance

obstáculo
Meaning
Something that creates difficulties or delays in progress.
Example
Lack of funds was a major hindrance to the project.
La falta de fondos fue un obstáculo importante para el proyecto.
C1 noun /kənˈsep.ʃən/

Conception

concepción; idea; fertilización
Meaning
the forming of an idea or plan; the fertilization of an ovum by a sperm; the action of conceiving
Example
The conception of this innovative project took several months of brainstorming.
La concepción de este proyecto innovador tomó varios meses de lluvia de ideas.
C1 noun /tʃæmp/

champ

campeón / ganador
Meaning
an informal word for champion or winner.
Example
He is the new champ of the boxing tournament.
Él es el nuevo campeón del torneo de boxeo.
C1 noun /sɪˈnɒpsɪs/

synopsis

sinopsis
Meaning
a brief summary of the main points of a text, film, or research
Example
The publisher asked the author to submit a one-page synopsis of the novel.
El editor le pidió al autor que enviara una sinopsis de una página de la novela.
C1 noun /ˈænərkɪst/

anarchist

anarquista
Meaning
a person who believes in or promotes the absence of government or authority
Example
The anarchist group protested against state control.
El grupo anarquista protestó contra el control estatal.
C1 adverb /ˈduːli/

Duly

puntualmente, debidamente
Meaning
in accordance with what is required or appropriate; at the proper time
Example
The documents were duly signed and submitted.
Los documentos fueron debidamente firmados y enviados.
C1 noun /ˈek.saɪl/

Exile

exilio
Meaning
the state of being barred from one's native country; enforced removal from one's homeland
Example
The political leader was forced into exile after the military coup.
El líder político fue forzado al exilio después del golpe militar.
C1 noun /ˈsɪvɪks/

civics

educación cívica
Meaning
the study of the rights and duties of citizens and how government works
Example
Civics helps students understand their responsibilities as citizens.
La educación cívica ayuda a los estudiantes a entender sus deberes como ciudadanos.
C1 adjective /ˈkæl.əs/

Callous

insensible; cruel; despiadado
Meaning
showing or having an insensitive and cruel disregard for others; emotionally hardened
Example
He showed a callous disregard for others' feelings.
Él mostró un desdén calloso por los sentimientos de los demás.
C1 verb /ˈiːkwəlaɪz/

equalize

igualar
Meaning
To make equal or level in status, value, or amount.
Example
The team equalized the score in the last minute.
El equipo igualó el marcador en el último minuto.
C1 adjective /ˈneɪm.ləs/

Nameless

sin nombre; anónimo; desconocido; no identificado
Meaning
having no name; anonymous; unknown; unidentified
Example
The nameless fear haunted him throughout the night.
El miedo sin nombre lo acechaba durante toda la noche.
C1 adjective /ˈrɛzənənt/

resonant

resonante
Meaning
Deep, clear, and continuing to sound or echo.
Example
The resonant voice of the speaker filled the hall.
La voz resonante del orador llenó la sala.
C1 verb /ˈkæp.saɪz/

capsize

volcarse
Meaning
to overturn in the water
Example
The small fishing boat capsized during the storm.
El pequeño bote de pesca se volcó durante la tormenta.
C1 adjective /məˈtɪk.jə.ləs/

meticulous

Extremadamente cuidadoso y preciso en la atención al detalle
Meaning
Extremely careful and precise in attention to detail
Example
A meticulous researcher checks every detail before publishing.
Un investigador meticuloso revisa cada detalle antes de publicar.
C1 adjective /ˈkræfti/

crafty

astuto, ingenioso, tramposo
Meaning
skilled at achieving goals through cunning or deceit; sly
Example
The crafty fox evaded the hunters again.
El astuto zorro evadió a los cazadores nuevamente.
C1 adjective /ˈreɪdiənt/

radiant

radiante
Meaning
Shining brightly; expressing great happiness.
Example
She looked radiant in her wedding dress.
Ella se veía radiante con su vestido de novia.
C1 noun /ˈtɛnər/

tenor

tenor / tono general
Meaning
the general meaning, drift, or character of something; a male singing voice between baritone and alto
Example
The overall tenor of his speech was hopeful and reassuring.
El tenor general de su discurso era esperanzador y tranquilizador.
C1 verb /dɪsˈpleɪs/

displace

desplazar
Meaning
to force someone or something out of their usual or original position; to replace or substitute
Example
The new technology will displace many traditional manufacturing jobs.
La nueva tecnología desplazará muchos trabajos tradicionales de manufactura.
C1 noun /ˈnaɪt.hʊd/

knighthood

caballerosidad
Meaning
The rank or dignity of a knight, or the ceremony of conferring knighthood.
Example
He was honored with knighthood for his contributions to science.
Fue honrado con la caballerosidad por sus contribuciones a la ciencia.
C1 noun /ˈoʊvərˌsiːər/

overseer

supervisor
Meaning
a person who supervises work or workers; a manager
Example
The overseer made sure the workers followed safety rules.
El supervisor se aseguró de que los trabajadores siguieran las reglas de seguridad.
C1 verb /hjuːˈmɪlieɪt/

humiliate

humillar
Meaning
to make someone feel ashamed or foolish by injuring their dignity
Example
He was humiliated by his public failure.
Él fue humillado por su fracaso público.
C1 adjective /ˈhɛdˌstrɔŋ/

headstrong

terco
Meaning
Determined to do what one wants, even if it is not sensible.
Example
The headstrong child refused to listen to anyone.
El niño terco se negó a escuchar a nadie.
C1 noun /ˈræmpɑːrt/

rampart

murallas
Meaning
a defensive wall of a castle or fort
Example
The soldiers stood on the rampart, watching the enemy approach.
Los soldados se pararon en la muralla, observando acercarse al enemigo.
C1 noun /fɪlθ/

filth

suciedad
Meaning
dirty or disgusting matter; moral corruption
Example
The streets were full of filth after the storm.
Las calles estaban llenas de suciedad después de la tormenta.
C1 verb /ˈməʊbɪlaɪz/

mobilize

movilizar
Meaning
to organize or prepare people or resources for action
Example
The leader worked hard to mobilize the community for the protest.
El líder trabajó duro para movilizar a la comunidad para la protesta.
C1 noun /kəˈlæm.ɪ.ti/

Calamity

calamidad; desastre
Meaning
an event causing great and often sudden damage or distress; a disaster
Example
The earthquake was a terrible calamity that affected thousands of families.
El terremoto fue una terrible calamidad que afectó a miles de familias.
C1 verb /ɪmˈbrɔɪdər/

embroider

bordar
Meaning
to decorate fabric with patterns using a needle and thread
Example
She embroidered flowers on the pillowcase.
Ella bordó flores en la funda de almohada.
C1 adjective /ˈpruː.dənt/

Prudent

prudente; cauteloso; sabio;
Meaning
wise; careful; cautious;
Example
It's prudent to save money for the future.
Es prudente ahorrar dinero para el futuro.
C1 noun /ˈɪnstɪˌɡeɪtər/

instigator

instigador
Meaning
A person who brings about or initiates something, usually something bad.
Example
The police identified him as the instigator of the violence.
La policía lo identificó como el instigador de la violencia.
C1 adjective /lʌʃ/

lush

rico, abundante y lujoso, especialmente refiriéndose a la vegetación
Meaning
rich, abundant, and luxurious, especially referring to vegetation
Example
The valley was filled with lush green fields.
El valle estaba lleno de campos verdes y exuberantes.
C1 adjective /həˈbɪtʃuəl/

habitual

habitual
Meaning
Done or doing constantly or as a habit; customary.
Example
He was a habitual latecomer to class.
Él era un habitual retrasado en clase.
C1 adjective /ɪmˈpæsɪv/

impassive

impasible
Meaning
Not showing or feeling emotion; expressionless.
Example
Despite the shocking news, she remained impassive.
A pesar de las noticias impactantes, ella permaneció impasible.
C1 noun /həˌluː.sɪˈneɪ.ʃən/

Hallucination

alucinación; percepción de algo que no está presente
Meaning
an experience involving the apparent perception of something not present; a false or distorted perception
Example
The patient experienced visual hallucinations as a side effect of the medication.
El paciente experimentó alucinaciones visuales como un efecto secundario de la medicación.
C1 noun /mɪˈtrɒp.ə.lɪs/

Metropolis

metrópoli
Meaning
A very large city, especially the main city of a country or region
Example
New York is a bustling metropolis with millions of residents.
Nueva York es una metrópoli bulliciosa con millones de residentes.
C1 noun /ˈpetɪkoʊt/

Petti-coat

enagua
Meaning
an undergarment worn by women under a dress or skirt
Example
She wore a white petticoat under her dress.
Ella llevaba un peto blanco debajo de su vestido.
C1 verb /əˈtoʊn/

atone

expiar
Meaning
to make amends for a wrong or injury; to make reparation
Example
He tried to atone for his mistakes by helping others.
Él intentó expiar sus errores ayudando a los demás.
C1 adjective /ˈroʊtəri/

rotary

rotatorio
Meaning
Relating to or characterized by rotation; revolving around an axis.
Example
The machine uses a rotary engine to function efficiently.
La máquina usa un motor rotatorio para funcionar eficientemente.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈveə.ri.ə.bəl/

Invariable

invariable; constante; siempre igual
Meaning
never changing; constant; always the same
Example
His invariable routine includes morning exercise and coffee.
Su rutina invariable incluye ejercicio por la mañana y café.
C1 noun /ˌmaʊntəˈnɪə/

mountaineer

montañero
Meaning
A person who climbs mountains as a sport or profession.
Example
The mountaineer reached the summit after a long climb.
El montañero llegó a la cima después de una larga subida.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈflæməbəl/

Inflammable

inflamable; combustible
Meaning
easily set on fire; flammable; combustible
Example
The inflammable material caught fire quickly.
El material inflamable se prendió rápidamente.
C1 noun dɪˈspær.ə.ti

disparity

disparidad
Meaning
A great difference or inequality.
Example
Disparity between countries must be reduced.
La disparidad entre los países debe ser reducida.
C1 noun /ˈpɪntʃərz/

pinchers

pinzas
Meaning
a tool used for gripping or squeezing objects
Example
Use the pinchers to remove the hot coal safely.
Usa los pínchers para quitar el carbón caliente de manera segura.
C1 noun /bɪˈtreɪər/

Betrayer

traidor; delator
Meaning
a person who betrays someone or something; one who is disloyal
Example
The betrayer was exposed and faced severe consequences.
El traidor fue expuesto y enfrentó graves consecuencias.
C1 noun /juːˈtoʊpiə/

utopia

utopía
Meaning
An imagined perfect society or place where everything is ideal.
Example
Many philosophers dreamed of creating a utopia for humanity.
Muchos filósofos soñaron con crear una utopía para la humanidad.
C1 noun /ˈrɑːstər/

roster

lista
Meaning
A list or plan showing people’s duties or times when they are scheduled.
Example
The manager updated the staff roster for next week.
El gerente actualizó la lista del personal para la próxima semana.
C1 verb, noun /ˈɡrɪməs/

grimace

mueca
Meaning
to make an ugly, twisted expression on one's face, usually in disgust or pain
Example
He grimaced when he tasted the sour fruit.
Él hizo una mueca cuando probó la fruta agria.
C1 noun /ˈtʃaɪ.nə.weər/

China-ware

porcelana
Meaning
dishes, plates, cups, and other tableware made of porcelain or fine ceramic
Example
The expensive china-ware was displayed in the cabinet.
Los costosos platos de porcelana fueron exhibidos en el gabinete.
C1 noun /ˈproʊtəˌʒeɪ/

protege

protege
Meaning
a person who is guided and supported by an older and more experienced person
Example
The young artist was the protege of a famous painter.
El joven artista era el protegido de un pintor famoso.
C1 noun /əˈbreɪʒən/

abrasion

raspadura o desgaste de la piel o superficie debido a la fricción
Meaning
a scrape or wearing away of the skin or surface due to friction
Example
He suffered a minor abrasion on his knee after falling.
Él sufrió una pequeña raspadura en su rodilla después de caerse.
C1 adjective ˌɪn.təˈstel.ər

interstellar

entre las estrellas, interestelar, cósmico
Meaning
Occurring or situated between stars.
Example
Scientists study interstellar travel possibilities.
Los científicos estudian las posibilidades de viajes interestelares.
C1 noun /ˈjuː.fə.mɪ.zəm/

euphemism

un término suave o indirecto sustituido por uno considerado demasiado directo o áspero
Meaning
A mild or indirect term substituted for one considered too harsh or direct; polite expression for something unpleasant.
Example
The phrase "passed away" is a euphemism for "died".
La frase 'pasado lejos' es un eufemismo para 'muerto'.
C1 adjective /ˈtɛmpərəl/

temporal

temporal
Meaning
Relating to worldly affairs or to time rather than spiritual matters.
Example
The monk gave up his temporal possessions to live a simple life.
El monje renunció a sus posesiones temporales para vivir una vida simple.
C1 noun ˌdaɪvɜːsɪfɪˈkeɪʃən

diversification

diversificación
Meaning
The practice of spreading investments across various assets or sectors to reduce risk.
Example
Diversification helps to reduce investment risk.
La diversificación ayuda a reducir el riesgo de inversión.
C1 noun /ˈfæk.ʃən/

Faction

facción
Meaning
a small organized dissenting group within a larger one
Example
Different factions within the party disagreed about the new policy.
Diferentes facciones dentro del partido no estuvieron de acuerdo sobre la nueva política.
C1 noun /ˌpɒl.iˈtek.nɪk/

polytechnic

politécnico
Meaning
an educational institution offering practical and technical courses
Example
She studied engineering at a well-known polytechnic in her city.
Estudió ingeniería en un politécnico bien conocido en su ciudad.
C1 noun /ɒpˈtɒmətri/

optometry

optometría
Meaning
The practice or profession of examining the eyes and prescribing corrective lenses.
Example
She studied optometry at the university to become an eye specialist.
Estudió optometría en la universidad para convertirse en especialista en ojos.
C1 noun /ˈwed.lɒk/

Wed lock

matrimonio
Meaning
the state of being married; matrimony
Example
They have been happily united in wedlock for twenty years.
Han estado felizmente unidos en matrimonio durante veinte años.
C1 noun /ˌɪmɔːrˈtæləti/

immortality

inmortalidad
Meaning
the state of living forever; eternal life or lasting fame beyond death
Example
Many ancient cultures believed that heroes could achieve immortality through great deeds.
Muchas culturas antiguas creían que los héroes podían alcanzar la inmortalidad mediante grandes hazañas.
C1 adjective /ˌθiːəˈlɒdʒɪkl/

theological

teológico
Meaning
Relating to the study of theology or religious belief.
Example
He wrote a theological paper on the concept of divine justice.
Escribió un artículo teológico sobre el concepto de justicia divina.
C1 adjective /ˈvɑːlətl/

volatile

volátil
Meaning
likely to change rapidly and unpredictably, especially for the worse
Example
The stock market is extremely volatile these days.
El mercado de valores es extremadamente volátil estos días.
C1 noun /rəˈpɪdəti/

rapidity

rapidez
Meaning
The quality of moving or happening quickly; swiftness or speed.
Example
The rapidity of technological change is astonishing.
La rapidez del cambio tecnológico es asombroso.
C1 noun /ˈdjuːplɛks/

duplex

casa dúplex
Meaning
A house or apartment divided into two separate residences.
Example
They live in a duplex near the city center.
Viven en un dúplex cerca del centro de la ciudad.
C1 adjective /ˈkɔːrdiəl/

Cordial

cordial; sincero; afectuoso
Meaning
warmly friendly; sincere; heartfelt
Example
She gave us a cordial welcome at the front door.
Nos dio una cordial bienvenida en la puerta principal.
C1 adjective /ˈkwiːzi/

queasy

mareado
Meaning
Feeling sick to one's stomach; nauseated.
Example
She felt queasy after the long boat ride.
Ella se sintió mal después del largo paseo en bote.
C1 adjective /ɪˈledʒ.ə.bəl/

illegible

ilegible
Meaning
Not clear enough to be read; unreadable.
Example
The doctor’s handwriting was almost illegible.
La escritura del doctor era casi ilegible.
C1 adjective /ˌɪndɪˈfɛnsəbl̩/

indefensible

indefendible
Meaning
not able to be protected or justified
Example
The minister’s remarks were considered indefensible by the public.
Los comentarios del ministro fueron considerados indefendibles por el público.
C1 noun ˌtraɪ.bjuˈnæl əv ˈdʒʌs.tɪs

tribunal of justice

tribunal de justicia
Meaning
A court of justice or judicial body that settles disputes or tries offenses.
Example
The Tribunal of Justice started the hearings promptly.
El tribunal de justicia comenzó las audiencias de inmediato.
C1 verb /əˈpɔːl/

appall

impactar
Meaning
To shock or horrify someone with something unpleasant or bad.
Example
The cruelty of the crime appalled the entire community.
La crueldad del crimen impactó a toda la comunidad.
C1 noun ˌɒb.səˈlɛs.əns

obsolescence

obsolescencia
Meaning
The process of becoming obsolete or outdated and no longer used.
Example
The rapid advancement of technology leads to the obsolescence of old devices.
El rápido avance de la tecnología provoca la obsolescencia de los dispositivos antiguos.