climate-resilient
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C1 adjective ˈklaɪ.mət rɪˈzɪl.i.ənt

climate-resilient

resistente al clima
Meaning
Able to cope with the adverse effects of climate change; sustainable and adaptable.
Example
Climate-resilient crops can survive extreme weather conditions.
Los cultivos resistentes al clima pueden sobrevivir a condiciones meteorológicas extremas.
C1 noun/verb /ɪˈstiːm/

esteem

estima
Meaning
Respect and admiration, typically for a person.
Example
She is held in high esteem by her colleagues.
Ella es muy respetada por sus colegas.
C1 noun /ˈʌp.tɜːn/

upturn

mejora
Meaning
An improvement or upward trend in a situation, especially in business or economy.
Example
The company experienced an upturn in sales last quarter.
La empresa experimentó una mejora en las ventas el último trimestre.
C1 adjective /ˈʃɪvəlrəs/

chivalrous

caballeroso
Meaning
Behaving in a courteous, gallant, and honorable way, especially toward women.
Example
He was chivalrous, always opening doors for others.
Él era caballeroso, siempre abriendo puertas para los demás.
C1 noun /ˈek.stə.si/

Ecstasy

éxtasis
Meaning
an overwhelming feeling of great happiness or joyful excitement
Example
She was in complete ecstasy when she heard the good news.
Ella estaba en completa éxtasis cuando escuchó las buenas noticias.
C1 noun /ˈɔr.ə.kəl/

Oracle

oráculo
Meaning
a person regarded as a source of wise counsel; in ancient times, a priest or priestess acting as a medium
Example
The ancient Greeks consulted the oracle at Delphi.
Los antiguos griegos consultaban el oráculo en Delfos.
C1 noun /ˌɑːrbɪˈtreɪʃən/

arbitration

arbitraje
Meaning
the process of resolving a dispute through an impartial third party whose decision is binding; formal judgment outside a court
Example
The contract requires arbitration to settle any disputes.
El contrato exige arbitraje para resolver cualquier disputa.
C1 adjective /ɪˈmeʒərəbəl/

Immeasurable

inconmensurable
Meaning
too large or extensive to measure; boundless
Example
The immeasurable love of a mother knows no bounds.
El amor inconmensurable de una madre no tiene límites.
C1 verb /ˈbɪkər/

bicker

discutir por cosas triviales
Meaning
To argue or quarrel about trivial matters.
Example
The children began to bicker over the last piece of cake.
Los niños comenzaron a discutir por el último pedazo de pastel.
C1 noun /ˈæntənɪm/

antonym

antónimo
Meaning
A word opposite in meaning to another.
Example
‘Hot’ is the antonym of ‘cold’.
‘Hot’ es el antónimo de ‘cold’.
C1 verb /rɪˈsɪprəˌkeɪt/

reciprocate

reciprocidad
Meaning
To respond to an action or gesture by making a corresponding one.
Example
She smiled at him, and he reciprocated with a warm hug.
Ella sonrió, y él reciprocó con un abrazo cálido.
C1 verb /əˈdʒuːdɪˌkeɪt/

adjudicate

adjudicar
Meaning
to make a formal judgment or decision about a problem or dispute
Example
The committee was formed to adjudicate disputes between the parties.
Se formó un comité para adjudicar disputas entre las partes.
C1 verb /ˈkʌl.mɪ.neɪt/

culminate

culminar
Meaning
To reach the final or climactic stage of a process or activity.
Example
Years of hard work culminated in his success.
Años de trabajo arduo culminaron en su éxito.
C1 noun ˈmæŋɡroʊv ˈfɒrɪst

Mangrove Forest

bosque de manglares
Meaning
A coastal forest ecosystem characterized by salt-tolerant trees and shrubs that grow in intertidal zones.
Example
Sundarbans is the world's largest mangrove forest.
Sundarbans es el mayor bosque de manglares del mundo.
C1 noun /sɪlk klɔːθ/

Silk cloth

tela de seda
Meaning
fabric made from natural fibers produced by silkworms
Example
The bride wore a beautiful dress made of silk cloth.
La novia llevaba un hermoso vestido hecho de tela de seda.
C1 adjective ʌnˈjiːl.dɪŋ

unyielding

inquebrantable o firme
Meaning
Not easily broken or giving in to pressure.
Example
Her unyielding determination helped her overcome all challenges.
Su determinación inquebrantable la ayudó a superar todos los desafíos.
C1 noun/verb /sleɪt/

slate

pizarra / programar
Meaning
a fine-grained rock used for roofing or writing; to schedule or designate for a task
Example
The meeting is slated for next Monday.
La reunión está programada para el próximo lunes.
C1 noun ɪˈpɪf.ə.ni

epiphany

revelación repentina o insight
Meaning
A moment of sudden revelation or insight.
Example
He had an epiphany about his true purpose in life.
Él tuvo una epifanía sobre su verdadero propósito en la vida.
C1 noun ˈmetəl kənˌtæməˈneɪʃən

metal contamination

contaminación por metales
Meaning
The presence of toxic metals in the environment that pose health and environmental risks.
Example
Metal contamination poses severe health risks.
La contaminación por metales representa graves riesgos para la salud.
C1 noun /ˈdɛspɒt/

despot

déspota
Meaning
a ruler with absolute power, often ruling in a cruel or oppressive way
Example
The despot ruled the nation with fear and violence.
El déspota gobernó la nación con miedo y violencia.
C1 adjective /səˈsɛp.tə.bəl/

susceptible

propenso o vulnerable a ser influenciado o dañado por algo en particular
Meaning
Likely or liable to be influenced or harmed by a particular thing.
Example
Children are more susceptible to infections.
Los niños son más susceptibles a las infecciones.
C1 noun /ˌhaɪ.roʊˈɡlɪf.ɪks/

hieroglyphics

jeroglíficos
Meaning
a system of writing using pictures or symbols, used especially by ancient Egyptians
Example
The tomb walls were covered with Egyptian hieroglyphics.
Las paredes de la tumba estaban cubiertas con jeroglíficos egipcios.
C1 noun /ˈliːweɪ/

leeway

margen
Meaning
Freedom to act within certain limits; extra space or time.
Example
The manager gave the team some leeway to finish the project.
El gerente le dio al equipo algo de margen para terminar el proyecto.
C1 noun /stɛntʃ/

stench

hedor
Meaning
A very strong and unpleasant smell.
Example
The stench of garbage filled the alley.
El hedor de la basura llenó el callejón.
C1 noun /ˈtɒpˌsɔɪl/

topsoil

capa superficial del suelo
Meaning
the top layer of soil, which is rich in organic matter and nutrients
Example
Farmers rely on healthy topsoil for good crop yields.
Los agricultores dependen de un suelo superficial saludable para obtener buenos rendimientos de cosecha.
C1 adverb /ˈɒp.tɪ.məl.i/

optimally

de manera óptima
Meaning
In the most effective or efficient way possible.
Example
Tasks should be allocated optimally for maximum output.
Las tareas deben asignarse de manera óptima para obtener el máximo rendimiento.
C1 noun /ˈɡæmbɪt/

gambit

gambito
Meaning
a calculated move or remark intended to gain an advantage, especially in chess or conversation
Example
His opening gambit in the debate caught everyone by surprise.
Su gambito inicial en el debate sorprendió a todos.
C1 noun ˈæ.sɛt ˌæl.əˈkeɪ.ʃən

asset allocation

asignación de activos
Meaning
An investment strategy that aims to balance risk and reward by apportioning a portfolio's assets according to an individual's goals, risk tolerance, and investment horizon.
Example
Proper asset allocation is key to financial growth.
Una correcta asignación de activos es clave para el crecimiento financiero.
C1 noun /æbˈdʌk.ʃən/

abduction

secuestro
Meaning
the act of taking someone away illegally by force; kidnapping
Example
The police are investigating the abduction of the child.
La policía está investigando el secuestro del niño.
C1 verb /ˈrek.ən.saɪl/

reconcile

reconciliar, armonizar, hacer las paces
Meaning
Restore friendly relations between; cause to coexist in harmony.
Example
They tried to reconcile their differences through open communication.
Ellos intentaron reconciliar sus diferencias mediante una comunicación abierta.
C1 adjective /ˌaʊt əv ðə ˈweɪ/

out-of-the-way

apartado o remoto
Meaning
remote or unusual; not in a convenient or usual location
Example
They stayed in an out-of-the-way village.
Se quedaron en una aldea apartada.
C1 noun /krɪˈden.ʃəl/

credential

credencial
Meaning
a qualification, achievement, or aspect of a person's background used to indicate suitability for something
Example
She presented her credentials before starting the new job.
Ella presentó sus credenciales antes de comenzar el nuevo trabajo.
C1 noun /krɪpt/

crypt

cripta
Meaning
an underground chamber, especially one beneath a church, used as a burial place
Example
The tourists explored the ancient crypt beneath the cathedral.
Los turistas exploraron la antigua cripta debajo de la catedral.
C1 verb, noun /træmp/

tramp

vagabundo / caminar pesadamente
Meaning
to walk heavily or noisily; a person who travels from place to place on foot, often homeless
Example
They tramped through the forest in heavy boots.
Ellos caminaron a través del bosque con botas gruesas.
C1 noun /əbˈzɜːrvətɔːri/

observatory

observatorio
Meaning
A building equipped for observing astronomical or meteorological events.
Example
The observatory is open to the public on weekends.
El observatorio está abierto al público los fines de semana.
C1 noun ˈkɔː.pəs

corpus

una gran colección de datos lingüísticos usados para el análisis e investigación del lenguaje
Meaning
A large collection of linguistic data used for language analysis and research.
Example
Linguists use a corpus to analyze language patterns.
Los lingüistas usan un corpus para analizar los patrones del lenguaje.
C1 verb /dɪˈzɪst/

desist

desistir
Meaning
to stop doing something, especially an action considered wrong or undesirable
Example
The judge ordered the company to desist from unfair practices.
El juez ordenó a la empresa que desistiera de prácticas injustas.
C1 adjective /ɪˈfɛm.ər.əl/

ephemeral

efímero
Meaning
Lasting for a very short time; temporary or transitory.
Example
The beauty of cherry blossoms is ephemeral.
La belleza de las flores de cerezo es efímera.
C1 noun /ˈnoʊ.və/

Nova

nova
Meaning
a star that suddenly increases greatly in brightness
Example
Astronomers discovered a new nova in the constellation.
Los astrónomos descubrieron una nueva nova en la constelación.
C1 noun /ˈnaɪt.hʊd/

knighthood

caballerosidad
Meaning
The rank or dignity of a knight, or the ceremony of conferring knighthood.
Example
He was honored with knighthood for his contributions to science.
Fue honrado con la caballerosidad por sus contribuciones a la ciencia.
C1 adjective /ˌdaɪəˈbɒlɪkəl/

diabolical

diabólico
Meaning
Wicked, cruel, or outrageously bad; resembling the devil.
Example
The dictator’s diabolical rule brought misery to the nation.
El régimen diabólico del dictador trajo miseria a la nación.
C1 noun /ˈsɪstərn/

cistern

cisterna
Meaning
A tank or container for storing water, usually for household use.
Example
The old house still had a cistern to collect rainwater.
La casa antigua todavía tenía una cisterna para recoger agua de lluvia.
C1 adjective /ˈɛntərˌpraɪzɪŋ/

enterprising

emprendedor
Meaning
showing initiative and resourcefulness; willing to take risks to achieve success
Example
She is an enterprising young entrepreneur.
Ella es una joven emprendedora emprendedora.
C1 noun /ˈbænɪstər/

banister

barandal
Meaning
a railing supported by posts at the side of a staircase or balcony
Example
She held the banister tightly while going down the stairs.
Ella sujetó el barandal con fuerza mientras bajaba las escaleras.
C1 verb /ˈstæɡ.neɪt/

stagnate

estancarse
Meaning
to stop developing, progressing, or moving
Example
Without innovation, the business will stagnate.
sin innovación, el negocio se estancará.
C1 adjective /ˈpaɪ.əs/

Pious

piadoso
Meaning
devoutly religious; showing reverence for God
Example
The pious monk spent hours in prayer every day.
El monje piadoso pasaba horas en oración cada día.
C1 verb /ˌriːəˈfɜːrm/

reaffirm

reafirmar
Meaning
To state again strongly; to confirm or strengthen a statement or belief.
Example
The president reaffirmed his commitment to education reform.
El presidente reafirmó su compromiso con la reforma educativa.
C1 noun /nɑːtʃ/

notch

muesca
Meaning
A small cut or groove on the edge or surface of something; a level or degree of achievement.
Example
He carved a notch on the stick to mark the days.
Hizo una muesca en el palo para marcar los días.
C1 noun /ˈlɪŋɡwɪst/

linguist

lingüista
Meaning
A person skilled in foreign languages or in the scientific study of language.
Example
She is a linguist who speaks six languages fluently.
Ella es una lingüista que habla seis idiomas con fluidez.
C1 noun /ˈɡlɒs.ər.i/

Glossary

glosario
Meaning
an alphabetical list of terms in a particular domain of knowledge with explanations; a brief dictionary
Example
The textbook includes a helpful glossary at the end to define technical terms.
El libro de texto incluye un glosario útil al final para definir términos técnicos.
C1 verb /ɛmˈbɛzəl/

embezzle

malversar
Meaning
to steal or misuse money or property entrusted to one's care
Example
The accountant was arrested for embezzling company funds.
El contador fue arrestado por malversar los fondos de la empresa.
C1 noun /ɪmˈpɛd.ɪ.mənt/

impediment

obstáculo
Meaning
A hindrance or obstruction in doing something; something that prevents progress.
Example
Lack of funds is a major impediment to the project.
La falta de fondos es un gran obstáculo para el proyecto.
C1 adjective /əˈmiːnəbl/

amenable

dispuesto
Meaning
willing to cooperate or be influenced; open to suggestions
Example
She was amenable to the idea of working longer hours.
Ella estaba dispuesta a la idea de trabajar más horas.
C1 noun /ˈpleɪn.tɪf/

Plaintiff

demandante
Meaning
a person who brings a case against another in a court of law; the person who initiates a lawsuit
Example
The plaintiff filed a lawsuit against the company.
El demandante presentó una demanda contra la empresa.
C1 noun /ˈmælədi/

Malady

enfermedad; malestar; dolencia
Meaning
A disease or ailment; a serious problem
Example
The doctor diagnosed a rare malady that affected her nervous system.
El doctor diagnosticó una enfermedad rara que afectó su sistema nervioso.
C1 adjective /ˌɪnstənˈteɪniəs/

instantaneous

instantáneo
Meaning
Happening immediately, without any delay.
Example
The change in temperature was almost instantaneous.
El cambio de temperatura fue casi instantáneo.
C1 noun /stɛlθ/

stealth

sigilo, moverse en secreto
Meaning
The act of moving, doing, or achieving something quietly and secretly.
Example
The cat moved with stealth towards its prey.
El gato se movió sigilosamente hacia su presa.
C1 noun /ˈkærɪkətjʊə/

caricature

caricatura
Meaning
A picture or description that exaggerates certain features for comic or satirical effect.
Example
The magazine published a caricature of the politician.
La revista publicó una caricatura del político.
C1 noun /ˈfɔːrdʒər/

forger

falsificador
Meaning
a person who makes fake documents, artworks, or signatures
Example
The police arrested a forger who had been selling counterfeit paintings.
La policía arrestó a un falsificador que había estado vendiendo pinturas falsas.
C1 verb /əˈdʒɔɪn/

adjoin

unirse
Meaning
To be next to and joined with something.
Example
Their house adjoins the park.
Su casa está unida al parque.
C1 noun /ˌmɪsˈkɒn.dʌkt/

Misconduct

conducta inapropiada
Meaning
Unacceptable or improper behavior, especially by a professional person
Example
The officer was dismissed for professional misconduct.
El oficial fue despedido por conducta inapropiada profesional.
C1 noun /ˈnjʊə.rəʊ.trænsˌmɪt.ərs/

neurotransmitters

neurotransmisores
Meaning
Chemical messengers that transmit signals across nerve synapses, affecting mood, behavior, and cognitive functions.
Example
Serotonin and dopamine are key neurotransmitters affecting mood.
La serotonina y la dopamina son neurotransmisores clave que afectan el estado de ánimo.
C1 noun /kəˈlaɪdəˌskoʊp/

kaleidoscope

caleidoscopio
Meaning
A toy or instrument with mirrors and colored pieces that create changing patterns when rotated; also used metaphorically for a constantly changing sequence of patterns or elements.
Example
The city lights turned into a kaleidoscope of colors as the festival began.
Las luces de la ciudad se convirtieron en un caleidoscopio de colores cuando comenzó el festival.
C1 verb /ˌɪntəˈsɛkt/

intersect

intersectar
Meaning
to cross or pass through each other
Example
The two roads intersect at the city center.
Los dos caminos se intersectan en el centro de la ciudad.
C1 noun /ˈtrɛʒərər/

treasurer

tesorero
Meaning
a person responsible for managing the financial affairs of an organization
Example
The treasurer presented the annual financial report.
El tesorero presentó el informe financiero anual.
C1 noun /ˈɒf.sprɪŋ/

offspring

descendencia
Meaning
a person's child or children; an animal's young
Example
The bird carefully fed its offspring.
El pájaro alimentó cuidadosamente a su descendencia.
C1 verb /pɛk/

Peck

picar
Meaning
To strike or bite something with a beak; to eat in small bites.
Example
The hen began to peck at the grains scattered on the ground.
La gallina comenzó a picotear los granos esparcidos por el suelo.
C1 adverb /ˈiːstwədz/

Eastwards

hacia el este
Meaning
towards the east; in an eastern direction
Example
The river flows eastwards into the ocean.
El río fluye hacia el este hacia el océano.
C1 adjective /ˈdɔːr.mənt/

Dormant

inactivo; durmiendo; temporalmente suspendido; no actualmente activo
Meaning
inactive; sleeping; temporarily suspended; not currently active
Example
The volcano has been dormant for over a century.
El volcán ha estado inactivo por más de un siglo.
C1 noun ˈɛksəʊˌplænɪt

exoplanet

un planeta que orbita una estrella fuera del sistema solar
Meaning
A planet that orbits a star outside the solar system.
Example
Astronomers have discovered thousands of exoplanets in the last decade.
Los astrónomos han descubierto miles de exoplanetas en la última década.
C1 adjective /ˈræmpənt/

rampant

rampante
Meaning
existing or spreading unchecked, often in an undesirable way
Example
Corruption was rampant in the city administration.
La corrupción estaba rampante en la administración de la ciudad.
C1 adjective /ˈmɑːr.dʒɪ.nəl/

Marginal

marginal; mínimo; leve
Meaning
relating to or situated at the edge; minimal; slight
Example
The marginal improvement in sales was barely noticeable.
La mejora marginal en las ventas fue apenas notable.
C1 adjective /ˈmæn.əd/

mannered

afectado / artificial
Meaning
Having or showing a particular manner, especially an artificial or affected one.
Example
The actor’s performance was too mannered to feel natural.
La actuación del actor fue demasiado afectada para sentirse natural.
C1 verb /ɪmˈpɪndʒ/

impinge

afectar
Meaning
to have an effect or impact on something; to encroach or infringe
Example
The noise from the construction site impinges on our daily activities.
El ruido de la construcción afecta nuestras actividades diarias.
C1 adverb /pɜːr ˈseɪ/

per se

por sí mismo
Meaning
By or in itself; intrinsically.
Example
The idea is not bad per se, but it needs improvement.
La idea no es mala por sí mismo, pero necesita mejora.
C1 noun /əˈsæsɪn/

Assassin

asesino
Meaning
a person who murders an important person for political or religious reasons
Example
The president was protected from potential assassins by security guards.
El presidente fue protegido de los posibles asesinos por los guardias de seguridad.
C1 noun /ˈmeɪsən/

mason

albañil
Meaning
a person skilled in building with stone, brick, or concrete
Example
The mason carefully laid the bricks for the new house.
El albañil colocó cuidadosamente los ladrillos para la nueva casa.
C1 verb /ɪˈlɪsɪt/

elicit

provocar
Meaning
To draw out a response, answer, or reaction from someone.
Example
The teacher’s question elicited thoughtful answers from the students.
La pregunta del maestro elicita respuestas pensativas de los estudiantes.
C1 adjective /ˌɪnɪkˈsplɪkəbl/

inexplicable

inexplicable
Meaning
Impossible to explain or understand.
Example
The sudden disappearance of the file was inexplicable.
La repentina desaparición del archivo fue inexplicable.
C1 noun /ˈstaɪpend/

Stipend

subsidio
Meaning
a fixed regular sum paid as a salary or allowance
Example
The research student receives a monthly stipend for living expenses.
El estudiante de investigación recibe un estipendio mensual para sus gastos de vida.
C1 verb θwɔːt

thwart

frustrar
Meaning
Prevent (someone) from accomplishing something; oppose successfully.
Example
His efforts to thwart the proposal were unsuccessful.
Sus esfuerzos para frustrar la propuesta no tuvieron éxito.
C1 verb /lætʃ/

latch

cerrar con pestillo
Meaning
to fasten or close something with a latch
Example
She latched the door before leaving the house.
Ella cerró la puerta con el pestillo antes de salir de la casa.
C1 adjective /ˈvɑːlətl/

volatile

volátil
Meaning
likely to change rapidly and unpredictably, especially for the worse
Example
The stock market is extremely volatile these days.
El mercado de valores es extremadamente volátil estos días.
C1 noun /rəˈpɪdəti/

rapidity

rapidez
Meaning
The quality of moving or happening quickly; swiftness or speed.
Example
The rapidity of technological change is astonishing.
La rapidez del cambio tecnológico es asombroso.
C1 noun ˈstræt.ə.sfɪər

stratosphere

estratósfera
Meaning
The layer of the earth's atmosphere above the troposphere, extending to about 50 km above the earth's surface.
Example
The stratosphere provides a unique environment.
La estratósfera proporciona un entorno único.
C1 noun /ˈrɒstrəm/

rostrum

estrado
Meaning
A raised platform for speakers, performers, or leaders.
Example
The politician delivered a speech from the rostrum.
El político dio un discurso desde el estrado.
C1 adjective /ˈsiːzənəbəl/

Seasonable

estacional
Meaning
occurring at the right time; appropriate for the season; timely
Example
The seasonable rain helped the farmers with their crops.
La lluvia estacional ayudó a los agricultores con sus cultivos.
C1 noun /ˈdʒækˌfruːt/

Jackfruit

jackfruit
Meaning
a large tropical fruit with a spiky exterior and sweet flesh inside
Example
The jackfruit is the largest tree fruit in the world.
El jackfruit es la fruta de árbol más grande del mundo.
C1 noun /fɪlθ/

filth

suciedad
Meaning
dirty or disgusting matter; moral corruption
Example
The streets were full of filth after the storm.
Las calles estaban llenas de suciedad después de la tormenta.
C1 noun /ˈmoʊɡəl/

mogul

magnate
Meaning
A powerful or influential person, especially in business or media.
Example
He became a tech mogul by founding a billion-dollar company.
Se convirtió en un magnate de la tecnología al fundar una empresa multimillonaria.
C1 noun trəˈdʒek.tər.i

trajectory

trayectoria
Meaning
The path followed by a projectile flying or an object moving under the action of given forces.
Example
The satellite followed its intended trajectory.
El satélite siguió su trayectoria prevista.
C1 noun /ˈɛpɪθɛt/

epithet

epíteto
Meaning
A descriptive phrase or word used to characterize someone or something, often as a nickname.
Example
He earned the epithet ‘The Great’ for his remarkable achievements.
Ganó el epíteto ‘El Grande’ por sus logros notables.
C1 verb /wɛt/

whet

afilar/estimular
Meaning
To sharpen the blade of a tool or to stimulate interest or appetite.
Example
The smell of food whetted my appetite.
El olor de la comida aumentó mi apetito.
C1 noun ˈtɑksɪk ɪˈmɪʃənz

toxic emissions

emisiones tóxicas
Meaning
Harmful or poisonous substances released into the environment, especially the atmosphere.
Example
Toxic emissions from vehicles pollute the atmosphere.
Las emisiones tóxicas de los vehículos contaminan la atmósfera.
C1 noun /ˈpær.ə.di/

Parody

parodia
Meaning
an imitation of a particular style for comic effect; a humorous exaggerated copy
Example
The comedy show featured a parody of famous politicians.
El programa de comedia presentó una parodia de políticos famosos.
C1 adjective /ˈnɪp.i/

Nippy

frío; helado; rápido y ágil en movimiento
Meaning
cold; chilly; quick and agile in movement
Example
It's quite nippy outside today, you should wear a jacket.
Hace bastante frío afuera hoy, deberías llevar una chaqueta.
C1 noun /ˈɡɑːr.lənd/

Garland

guirnalda; corona de flores;
Meaning
a wreath of flowers and leaves, worn on the head or hung as decoration
Example
The bride wore a beautiful floral garland during the traditional ceremony.
La novia llevó una hermosa guirnalda floral durante la ceremonia tradicional.
C1 adjective /ˈɜːr.θən/

Earthen

hecho de tierra o arcilla; relacionado con la cerámica
Meaning
made of earth or clay; relating to pottery or ceramic materials
Example
The kitchen had beautiful earthen pots for storage.
La cocina tenía hermosas ollas de barro para almacenamiento.
C1 verb /bɪˈmoʊn/

bemoan

lamentar
Meaning
To express discontent or sorrow over something.
Example
Critics bemoaned the lack of diversity in the film.
Los críticos lamentaron la falta de diversidad en la película.
C1 noun /rɪt/

writ

auto judicial
Meaning
A formal written order issued by a court.
Example
The judge issued a writ of habeas corpus.
El juez emitió un auto de habeas corpus.
C1 adjective /vɪˈveɪʃəs/

vivacious

vivaz
Meaning
Attractively lively and animated.
Example
She was admired for her vivacious personality.
Ella fue admirada por su personalidad vivaz.
C1 noun /ˈpɔːr.kjə.paɪn/

Porcupine

Puerquito de espinas
Meaning
a large rodent with defensive spines or quills on its body
Example
The porcupine raised its quills when threatened.
El puerquito de espinas levantó sus púas cuando se sintió amenazado.
C1 verb /dɪˈsweɪd/

dissuade

disuadir
Meaning
To persuade someone not to do something.
Example
She tried to dissuade him from quitting his job.
Ella intentó disuadirlo de dejar su trabajo.
C1 noun /ruːz/

Ruse

artimaña; truco
Meaning
an action intended to deceive someone; a trick or stratagem
Example
The thief used a clever ruse to distract the guard.
El ladrón usó una artimaña astuta para distraer al guardia.
C1 noun ˌmek.ə.naɪˈzeɪ.ʃən

mechanization

mecanización
Meaning
The process of introducing machines or replacing manual labor with machines.
Example
Mechanization has revolutionized agriculture.
La mecanización ha revolucionado la agricultura.
C1 verb /ˈkrɒs.briːd/

crossbreed

cruzar razas
Meaning
to produce an animal or plant by mating two different breeds, varieties, or species
Example
Farmers crossbreed cows to improve milk production.
Los agricultores cruzan vacas para mejorar la producción de leche.
C1 noun /ˈɑːrməri/

armory

arsenal
Meaning
A place where weapons are stored; a supply of resources or skills.
Example
The soldiers kept their weapons in the armory.
Los soldados guardaron sus armas en el arsenal.
C1 noun /fɪˈnænʃɪər/

financier

financista
Meaning
a person who manages large amounts of money or investments
Example
The financier advised the company on its investments.
El financista asesoró a la empresa sobre sus inversiones.
C1 adjective /əˈbaɪdɪŋ/

abiding

perpetuo
Meaning
lasting for a long time; enduring
Example
She had an abiding love for her hometown.
Ella tenía un amor perpetuo por su ciudad natal.
C1 adjective /ˈtʃɛk.ərd/

checkered

a cuadros
Meaning
Having a pattern of alternating squares of different colors; also describing a past full of ups and downs or varied experiences.
Example
He had a checkered career with many highs and lows.
Él tuvo una carrera a cuadros con muchos altibajos.
C1 noun /ˈkæv.əl.ri/

Cavalry

caballería
Meaning
soldiers who fight on horseback; the part of an army formerly composed of troops on horseback
Example
The cavalry charged across the field with great speed.
La caballería cargó a través del campo con gran velocidad.
C1 verb /per/

pare

pelar
Meaning
to cut away the outer covering or reduce something gradually
Example
She pared the apple before eating it.
Ella peló la manzana antes de comerla.
C1 verb /ˈmɑːrdʒɪnəlaɪz/

marginalize

marginalizar, dejar de lado
Meaning
To treat a person or group as unimportant or insignificant.
Example
The policy marginalized minority communities.
La política marginó a las comunidades minoritarias.
C1 adjective /ˈflʌstərd/

flustered

desconcertado
Meaning
in a state of confusion or agitation
Example
She appeared flustered after being asked so many questions.
Ella parecía desconcertada después de tantas preguntas.
C1 noun /kənˈfaɪnmənt/

confinement

confinamiento
Meaning
the state of being confined or restricted
Example
The prisoner endured years of confinement.
El prisionero soportó años de confinamiento.
C1 noun əˈtrɒs.ɪ.tiz

atrocities

atrocidades
Meaning
Extremely wicked or cruel acts, typically involving physical violence or injury.
Example
The atrocities shocked the international community.
Las atrocidades sorprendieron a la comunidad internacional.
C1 adjective /ˌhæpi ɡoʊ ˈlʌki/

happy-go-lucky

alegre, despreocupado, sin preocupaciones
Meaning
cheerfully unconcerned about the future; carefree
Example
She has a happy-go-lucky attitude and never worries about tomorrow.
Ella tiene una actitud feliz y despreocupada y nunca se preocupa por mañana.
C1 noun ˈɡræn.dʒər

Grandeur

grandeza
Meaning
Magnificence, majesty, splendor; impressive beauty and scale.
Example
The grandeur of the Colosseum attracts millions of visitors.
La grandeza del Coliseo atrae a millones de visitantes.
C1 adjective /dɪˈsɜːrnɪŋ/

discerning

perspicaz
Meaning
having good judgment or insight; able to distinguish well
Example
He is a discerning reader who notices subtle details.
Él es un lector perspicaz que nota detalles sutiles.
C1 noun /ˈdʒɑːr.ɡən/

jargon

jerga
Meaning
Specialized or technical language used by a particular group or profession.
Example
The lawyer’s explanation was full of legal jargon.
La explicación del abogado estaba llena de jerga legal.
C1 adjective /bɪˈnaɪn/

benign

benigno, inofensivo
Meaning
Gentle, kind, or not harmful (especially of a disease or tumor).
Example
The doctor assured her that the tumor was benign.
El médico le aseguró que el tumor era inofensivo.