cemented grave
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C1 noun sɪˈmɛntɪd ɡreɪv

cemented grave

tumba cementada
Meaning
A grave that is constructed with cement for permanence.
Example
The cemented grave of the martyrs was seen near the river.
La tumba cementada de los mártires fue vista cerca del río.
C1 verb /ˈpeɪtrənaɪz/

patronize

patrocinar
Meaning
to treat someone in a condescending way; to be a regular customer of a business
Example
Don't patronize me with your fake sympathy.
No me trates con condescendencia con tu simpatía falsa.
C1 verb /flaʊt/

flout

despreciar
Meaning
To openly disregard or show contempt for a rule or law.
Example
The company was fined for flouting environmental regulations.
La empresa fue multada por ignorar las regulaciones ambientales.
C1 noun /dɪˈskrep.ən.si/

discrepancy

discrepancia, diferencia, discrepancia
Meaning
A lack of compatibility or similarity between two or more facts.
Example
The audit revealed a discrepancy between the reported earnings and actual income.
La auditoría reveló una discrepancia entre las ganancias reportadas y los ingresos reales.
C1 noun ˌrev.əˈluː.ʃən.ər.i ɪˈnɪʃ.ə.tɪv

revolutionary initiative

iniciativa revolucionaria
Meaning
A groundbreaking action or plan that brings about significant change or transformation.
Example
The revolutionary initiative promotes sustainable energy.
La iniciativa revolucionaria promueve la energía sostenible.
C1 adjective /ʌnˈkleɪmd/

Unclaimed

no reclamado; no solicitado; abandonado o sin dueño
Meaning
not claimed by anyone; not demanded or requested; abandoned or ownerless
Example
The unclaimed luggage was stored in the airport's lost property department.
El equipaje no reclamado fue almacenado en el departamento de objetos perdidos del aeropuerto.
C1 verb /wɪðˈhoʊld/

withhold

retener
Meaning
to refuse to give or keep back something
Example
The company decided to withhold his bonus.
La empresa decidió retener su bono.
C1 adjective /ɪɡˈzɪləreɪtɪŋ/

exhilarating

emocionante
Meaning
Making someone feel very excited, happy, or thrilled.
Example
Skydiving was the most exhilarating experience of his life.
El paracaidismo fue la experiencia más emocionante de su vida.
C1 adjective /loʊθ/

loath

reacio
Meaning
reluctant or unwilling to do something
Example
She was loath to admit her mistake in front of everyone.
Ella estaba reacia a admitir su error frente a todos.
C1 verb /rɪˈsiːd/

recede

retroceder
Meaning
To move back or further away from a previous position.
Example
The floodwaters began to recede after the heavy rain stopped.
Las aguas de la inundación comenzaron a retroceder después de que la lluvia intensa paró.
C1 noun /ˌkɒmpɪˈleɪʃən/

compilation

compilación
Meaning
a collection of things, especially pieces of writing or music, gathered together
Example
The book is a compilation of his best essays.
El libro es una compilación de sus mejores ensayos.
C1 noun /ˈnɑː.sɪ.sɪ.zəm/

narcissism

narcisismo
Meaning
Excessive interest in or admiration of oneself; extreme selfishness.
Example
His excessive narcissism made it difficult for him to empathize with others.
Su exceso de narcisismo le dificultaba empatizar con los demas.
C1 noun /ˈkævərn/

cavern

caverna
Meaning
a large cave or chamber in a cave
Example
The explorers entered a dark cavern beneath the mountain.
Los exploradores entraron en una caverna oscura debajo de la montaña.
C1 verb /ɔːˈθɛntɪkeɪt/

authenticate

autenticar
Meaning
To prove or show that something is genuine or true.
Example
The bank uses advanced technology to authenticate online transactions.
El banco utiliza tecnología avanzada para autenticar las transacciones en línea.
C1 verb /ˈkʌl.mɪ.neɪt/

culminate

culminar
Meaning
To reach the final or climactic stage of a process or activity.
Example
Years of hard work culminated in his success.
Años de trabajo arduo culminaron en su éxito.
C1 noun /ˈʌndərˌwɜːrld/

underworld

submundo
Meaning
The criminal world of organized crime or the mythical world of the dead.
Example
The detective spent years studying the secrets of the underworld.
El detective pasó años estudiando los secretos del submundo.
C1 noun /kənˈfɔːrmɪst/

conformist

conformista
Meaning
A person who uncritically conforms to established practices or standards.
Example
She was labeled a conformist for always following the crowd.
Ella fue etiquetada como conformista por siempre seguir a la multitud.
C1 noun /nuːs/

Noose

lazo
Meaning
a loop with a running knot used for hanging; a trap or snare
Example
The cowboy made a noose to catch the wild horse.
El vaquero hizo un lazo para atrapar al caballo salvaje.
C1 adjective /ˌkætəˈɡɒrɪkəl/

categorical

categórico
Meaning
Absolute and without exception; expressed clearly and directly.
Example
She gave a categorical denial of the allegations.
Ella dio una negación categórica de las acusaciones.
C1 noun /ˈkæviˌæt/

caveat

advertencia
Meaning
a warning or condition to be considered before taking action
Example
The proposal was accepted with one caveat.
La propuesta fue aceptada con una advertencia.
C1 noun /blaɪt/

blight

plaga
Meaning
A disease or condition that causes plants to wither; something that spoils or damages.
Example
The drought was a blight on the farmer’s crops.
La sequía fue una plaga para los cultivos del agricultor.
C1 noun /ˈpɔːsɪti/

paucity

escasez / carencia
Meaning
the presence of something in only small or insufficient quantities
Example
The project was delayed due to a paucity of funds.
El proyecto se retrasó debido a la escasez de fondos.
C1 noun əˌsɪm.ɪˈleɪ.ʃən

Assimilation

asimilación
Meaning
Connecting new information with existing knowledge
Example
Proper assimilation of knowledge leads to effective learning.
La correcta asimilación del conocimiento conduce a un aprendizaje efectivo.
C1 noun /ˈpoʊlstər/

pollster

encuestador
Meaning
a person or organization that conducts surveys to gauge public opinion
Example
The pollster predicted a close election outcome.
El encuestador predijo un resultado electoral reñido.
C1 noun /əˈpreʃ.ən/

Oppression

opresión; abuso; tiranía;
Meaning
cruel or unjust treatment or exercise of authority; the state of being subject to harsh treatment
Example
The people fought against political oppression.
La gente luchó contra la opresión política.
C1 verb /ɪnˈstɪl/

instill

instruir
Meaning
to gradually but firmly establish an idea, attitude, or habit in someone's mind
Example
Parents try to instill good values in their children.
Los padres intentan inculcar buenos valores en sus hijos.
C1 adjective ɪnˈkʌm.bənt

incumbent

obligatorio
Meaning
necessary for (someone) as a duty or responsibility.
Example
It is incumbent upon all citizens to obey the law.
Es obligatorio para todos los ciudadanos obedecer la ley.
C1 noun ˌmɪsˈmænɪdʒmənt

mismanagement

mala gestión
Meaning
Bad or careless management of something.
Example
Mismanagement of plastic waste worsens pollution.
La mala gestión de los desechos plásticos empeora la contaminación.
C1 verb /ɪmˈbrɔɪdər/

embroider

bordar
Meaning
to decorate fabric with patterns using a needle and thread
Example
She embroidered flowers on the pillowcase.
Ella bordó flores en la funda de almohada.
C1 verb /ˈpɜːrpɔːrt/

purport

pretender
Meaning
to claim or profess something, often falsely
Example
The document purports to be an official government report.
El documento pretende ser un informe oficial del gobierno.
C1 verb /ˈlæmɪˌneɪt/

laminate

laminar
Meaning
to cover or enclose something with a protective layer, usually plastic
Example
She laminated her important documents to protect them from damage.
Ella laminó sus documentos importantes para protegerlos de los daños.
C1 noun /ˈkæv.əl.ri/

Cavalry

caballería
Meaning
soldiers who fight on horseback; the part of an army formerly composed of troops on horseback
Example
The cavalry charged across the field with great speed.
La caballería cargó a través del campo con gran velocidad.
C1 adjective /ˈbloʊtɪd/

bloated

hinchado
Meaning
swollen or puffed up, often unpleasantly
Example
After the big meal, he felt bloated and uncomfortable.
Después de la gran comida, se sintió hinchado e incómodo.
C1 adjective /ˈædʒɪteɪtɪd/

Agitated

agitado; inquieto; nervioso; excitado de manera negativa
Meaning
disturbed; anxious; restless; excited in a negative way
Example
He became agitated when he heard the bad news.
Se agitou cuando escuchó las malas noticias.
C1 noun /dɪˈspɜːrʒən/

dispersion

dispersión
Meaning
The action or process of distributing things or people over a wide area.
Example
The dispersion of seeds by the wind helps plants reproduce.
La dispersión de semillas por el viento ayuda a las plantas a reproducirse.
C1 noun /ˈpædʒənt/

pageant

certamen de belleza
Meaning
A public entertainment consisting of a procession of people in elaborate costumes, or a beauty contest.
Example
She won first place in the beauty pageant.
Ella ganó el primer lugar en el certamen de belleza
C1 noun, verb /ˈfɛrɪt/

ferret

hurón, buscar persistentemente o descubrir algo
Meaning
a small domesticated animal used for hunting; to search or uncover something persistently
Example
He ferreted out the hidden documents.
Él sacó los documentos ocultos.
C1 adjective /ˈkrɪm.zən/

Crimson

rojo intenso
Meaning
a deep purplish-red color
Example
The crimson sunset painted the sky with beautiful shades.
La puesta de sol roja intensa pintó el cielo con hermosos tonos.
C1 adjective /ˌsækrɪˈfɪʃəl/

sacrificial

sacrificial
Meaning
Relating to or involving sacrifice.
Example
The lamb was used as a sacrificial offering in the ritual.
El cordero fue utilizado como una ofrenda sacrificial en el ritual.
C1 verb /ˈtæmpər/

tamper

interferir
Meaning
To interfere with something in a harmful, unauthorized, or improper way.
Example
The evidence was tampered with before the trial.
La evidencia fue manipulada antes del juicio.
C1 adjective ˈmær.ɪ.taɪm

Maritime

marítimo
Meaning
Connected with the sea, especially in relation to seafaring commercial or military activity.
Example
Maritime trade enhances the economy.
El comercio marítimo mejora la economía.
C1 noun/adjective /ˈlɛzbiən/

lesbian

lesbiana
Meaning
a woman who is romantically or sexually attracted to other women
Example
She is a proud lesbian and advocates for equal rights.
Ella es una lesbiana orgullosa y aboga por los derechos iguales.
C1 verb /əˈdʒɔɪn/

adjoin

unirse
Meaning
To be next to and joined with something.
Example
Their house adjoins the park.
Su casa está unida al parque.
C1 noun /ˈmɒn.ə.stər.i/

Monastery

monasterio; ashram
Meaning
a building or group of buildings where monks live and worship
Example
The ancient monastery was built on a hilltop.
El antiguo monasterio fue construido en la cima de una colina.
C1 adjective ˈtæktɪkəl

tactical

táctico
Meaning
Relating to or constituting actions carefully planned to gain a specific military or political end.
Example
Tactical thinking is crucial in business negotiations.
El pensamiento táctico es crucial en las negociaciones comerciales.
C1 adjective /ˈskrɪptʃərəl/

scriptural

escritural
Meaning
Relating to or contained in the scriptures or holy writings.
Example
The priest gave a scriptural reference during the sermon.
El sacerdote dio una referencia escritural durante el sermón.
C1 adjective /dɪˈʃɛvəld/

disheveled

desordenado
Meaning
Untidy, messy, or in disorder, especially of hair or clothing.
Example
He arrived with disheveled hair and wrinkled clothes.
Él llegó con el cabello desordenado y la ropa arrugada.
C1 adjective ˌɪn.təˈdɪs.ɪ.plɪ.nər.i

interdisciplinary

interdisciplinario
Meaning
Relating to more than one branch of knowledge.
Example
The interdisciplinary approach in education enhances problem-solving skills.
El enfoque interdisciplinario en la educación mejora las habilidades para resolver problemas.
C1 verb /pəˈveɪd/

pervade

permeabilizar
Meaning
to spread through and be present in every part of something
Example
The smell of fresh flowers pervaded the entire room.
El aroma de las flores frescas permeó toda la habitación.
C1 adjective /ɪˈmeʒərəbəl/

Immeasurable

inconmensurable
Meaning
too large or extensive to measure; boundless
Example
The immeasurable love of a mother knows no bounds.
El amor inconmensurable de una madre no tiene límites.
C1 adjective /oʊˈbiːs/

obese

obeso
Meaning
Extremely overweight; having an excessive amount of body fat.
Example
The doctor advised the obese patient to adopt a healthier lifestyle.
El doctor le recomendó al paciente obeso adoptar un estilo de vida más saludable.
C1 verb /nɪp/

nip

pellizcar
Meaning
to pinch or bite lightly; to move quickly
Example
The cold wind nipped at my face.
El viento frío me pellizcó la cara.
C1 adjective /ˈɔːbərn/

auburn

castaño rojizo
Meaning
reddish-brown in color, especially used to describe hair
Example
She has long auburn hair that shines in the sunlight.
Ella tiene el cabello largo y castaño rojizo que brilla al sol.
C1 adjective /ˌkævəˈlɪər/

cavalier

despreocupado
Meaning
showing a lack of proper concern; dismissive or offhand
Example
He had a cavalier attitude toward safety regulations.
Tenía una actitud despreocupada hacia las normas de seguridad.
C1 noun /ˈfoʊ.kəs ˈtræk.ɪŋ/

focus tracking

seguimiento del enfoque
Meaning
A technique of monitoring and maintaining attention on specific tasks or goals.
Example
Proper focus tracking improves productivity.
Un seguimiento adecuado del enfoque mejora la productividad.
C1 adjective /sliːk/

sleek

elegante y brillante
Meaning
smooth, shiny, and stylish
Example
She drove a sleek black sports car.
Ella condujo un coche deportivo brillante y elegante.
C1 noun /prəˈpoʊnənt/

proponent

defensor, proponente
Meaning
a person who advocates for or supports a particular idea, cause, or plan
Example
She is a strong proponent of renewable energy.
Ella es una fuerte defensora de la energía renovable.
C1 adjective ˌɪdiəsɪnˈkrætɪk

idiosyncratic

peculiar e individual
Meaning
Relating to idiosyncrasy; peculiar or individual.
Example
His idiosyncratic behavior set him apart from his colleagues.
Su comportamiento idiosincrático lo diferenciaba de sus compañeros.
C1 adjective /ˈɡæsiəs/

gaseous

gaseoso
Meaning
Relating to or having the form of gas.
Example
Carbon dioxide is a gaseous substance.
El dióxido de carbono es una sustancia gaseosa.
C1 noun /ʃæˈtoʊ/

chateau

castillo francés
Meaning
a large French country house or castle
Example
They stayed in a beautiful chateau in France.
Se alojaron en un hermoso castillo en Francia.
C1 noun /ˌrɛfəˈrɛndəm/

referendum

referéndum
Meaning
a general vote by the population on a single political issue
Example
The government held a referendum on the new constitution.
El gobierno celebró un referéndum sobre la nueva constitución.
C1 verb /dɪsˈmæntəl/

dismantle

desmontar
Meaning
to take apart; to remove or destroy the parts of
Example
Workers will dismantle the old bridge next month.
Los trabajadores desmontarán el viejo puente el próximo mes.
C1 noun /ˌɪnkɑːrˈneɪʃən/

incarnation

encarnación
Meaning
the embodiment of a deity, spirit, or quality in a physical form
Example
The monk was considered the incarnation of compassion.
El monje fue considerado la encarnación de la compasión.
C1 noun /ˌdɪfəˈrɛnʃɪˈeɪʃən/

differentiation

diferenciación, distinción
Meaning
The action or process of differentiating or distinguishing between things.
Example
Differentiation from competitors can create a unique market position.
La diferenciación de los competidores puede crear una posición única en el mercado.
C1 noun /ʌnkənˈsɜːrn/

Unconcern

desinterés
Meaning
lack of worry or interest; indifference
Example
She showed complete unconcern about the criticism.
Ella mostró completo desinterés por las críticas.
C1 verb /rɪˈtreɪs/

retrace

volver sobre un camino o ruta, recordar y repetir pasos anteriores
Meaning
to go back over a path or route; to recall and repeat steps taken earlier
Example
She retraced her steps to find her lost keys.
Ella volvió sobre sus pasos para encontrar sus llaves perdidas.
C1 adjective əsˈtjuːt

astute

astuto o sagaz
Meaning
Having or showing an ability to accurately assess situations or people and turn this to one's advantage.
Example
His astute observations helped solve the complex problem.
Sus observaciones astutas ayudaron a resolver el problema complejo.
C1 adjective /kənˈkluː.sɪv/

Conclusive

conclusivo; definitivo; resolviendo completamente un asunto
Meaning
final; decisive; settling a matter completely
Example
The evidence was conclusive and left no room for doubt.
La evidencia fue concluyente y no dejó lugar para la duda.
C1 adjective /ˈdjuːbiəs/

dubious

dudoso
Meaning
Hesitating or doubting; not to be relied upon.
Example
She gave him a dubious look after hearing his excuse.
Ella le dio una mirada dudosa después de escuchar su excusa.
C1 noun, verb /ɡliːm/

gleam

destello
Meaning
a small or brief shining light; to shine softly
Example
A gleam of hope appeared in her eyes.
Apareció un destello de esperanza en sus ojos.
C1 noun /kəˈlæm.ɪ.ti/

Calamity

calamidad; desastre
Meaning
an event causing great and often sudden damage or distress; a disaster
Example
The earthquake was a terrible calamity that affected thousands of families.
El terremoto fue una terrible calamidad que afectó a miles de familias.
C1 noun /pɪˈtaɪə/

Pitaya / Dragon fruit

fruta del dragón
Meaning
a tropical fruit with bright pink or red skin and white flesh speckled with black seeds
Example
The pitaya has a mild, sweet flavor and a unique appearance.
La pitaya tiene un sabor suave y dulce y una apariencia única.
C1 verb /ˈsɔːntər/

saunter

caminar despacio
Meaning
to walk in a slow, relaxed manner without hurry or effort
Example
We sauntered along the riverside, stopping now and then to watch the boats.
Caminamos lentamente por la orilla del río, deteniéndonos de vez en cuando para observar los botes.
C1 noun /ˈpræɡmətɪst/

pragmatist

pragmático
Meaning
A person who deals with things in a practical and realistic way.
Example
He is a true pragmatist who values results over ideals.
Él es un verdadero pragmático que valora los resultados más que los ideales.
C1 verb, noun /ˌdɪsɪˈluːʒən/

disillusion

desilusión
Meaning
to cause someone to realize that something is not as good as they believed
Example
The scandal disillusioned many voters.
El escándalo desilusionó a muchos votantes.
C1 adjective /ˈspaɪni/

spiny

espinoso
Meaning
covered with or full of spines; having sharp points
Example
The spiny cactus stood tall in the desert.
El cactus espinoso se alzaba alto en el desierto.
C1 noun ɪnˌɛv.ɪ.təˈbɪl.ɪ.ti

inevitability

inevitabilidad
Meaning
The quality of being certain to happen and impossible to avoid or prevent.
Example
The inevitability of change is a part of life.
La inevitabilidad del cambio es parte de la vida.
C1 adjective /oʊˈvɜːrt/

overt

abierto
Meaning
Done or shown openly; not hidden or secret.
Example
There was an overt display of hostility between the rivals.
Hubo una exhibición abierta de hostilidad entre los rivales.
C1 noun /ˌpærəfəˈneɪliə/

paraphernalia

parafernalia
Meaning
Miscellaneous articles, especially equipment needed for a particular activity.
Example
The fisherman carried all his fishing paraphernalia in a large box.
El pescador llevó toda su parafernalia de pesca en una caja grande.
C1 verb /ˈpoʊ.lə.raɪz/

polarize

polarizar
Meaning
to divide or cause to divide into two sharply contrasting groups or sets of opinions or beliefs
Example
The controversial decision polarized public opinion.
La decisión controvertida dividió la opinión pública en dos grupos opuestos.
C1 noun/verb /rɪˈlæps/

relapse

recaída
Meaning
to return to a worse condition, especially after improvement; a deterioration after recovery
Example
After months of progress, he suffered a relapse.
Después de meses de progreso, sufrió una recaída.
C1 noun /ˌtɒləˈreɪʃən/

toleration

tolerancia
Meaning
The practice of allowing something that one does not necessarily agree with.
Example
The government promoted religious toleration.
El gobierno promovió la tolerancia religiosa.
C1 noun vaɪˈtæləti

vitality

vitalidad, energía
Meaning
The state of being strong and active; energy.
Example
The vitality of the team helped them succeed in the competition.
La vitalidad del equipo les ayudó a tener éxito en la competencia.
C1 verb /ˈbɒɡəl/

boggle

asombrar
Meaning
to overwhelm or confuse; to be astonished or puzzled by something
Example
The complexity of the puzzle boggled his mind.
La complejidad del rompecabezas asombró su mente.
C1 adjective ˈkɒn.və.luː.tɪd

convoluted

complicado
Meaning
Extremely complex and difficult to follow; twisted or intricate.
Example
His argument was so convoluted that no one understood it.
Su argumento era tan complicado que nadie lo entendió.
C1 adjective /ʌnˈwɪtɪŋ/

unwitting

inconsciente
Meaning
Not aware of what is happening; done without realizing.
Example
She became an unwitting participant in the scam.
Se convirtió en una participante inconsciente en la estafa.
C1 noun səˈfɪʃənsi

sufficiency

suficiencia
Meaning
The condition of being adequate or enough; adequacy.
Example
The sufficiency of food supply is critical for survival.
La suficiencia del suministro de alimentos es crítica para la supervivencia.
C1 noun /ˈɜːrθənˌwɛr/

earthenware

cerámica
Meaning
pottery made of clay and hardened by heat
Example
The shop displayed beautiful earthenware pots and bowls.
La tienda exhibió hermosas ollas y tazones de cerámica.
C1 adjective /ˌɪnˌkɒnsɪˈkwɛnʃəl/

inconsequential

insignificante
Meaning
Not important or significant; too small to matter.
Example
The mistake was minor and inconsequential.
El error fue menor e insignificante.
C1 noun /ˈlɛk.sɪ.kɒn/

lexicon

léxico
Meaning
The vocabulary of a person, language, or branch of knowledge; a collection of words and terms.
Example
A translator must have a vast lexicon of both languages.
Un traductor debe tener un vasto léxico de ambos idiomas.
C1 verb /ˌrekəˈlekt/

recollect

recordar
Meaning
to remember something; to recall from memory
Example
I can't recollect where I put my keys.
No puedo recordar dónde dejé mis llaves.
C1 noun /ˈmɜːrsəˌnɛri/

mercenary

mercenario
Meaning
a professional soldier hired to serve in a foreign army; also used to describe someone motivated solely by money.
Example
The mercenary fought for whoever paid the highest wage.
El mercenario luchó por quien pagó el salario más alto.
C1 noun /ˈsʌtlti/

subtlety

sutileza
Meaning
The quality or state of being subtle.
Example
She understood the subtlety of the situation.
Ella entendió la sutileza de la situación.
C1 verb /dɪˈspɛl/

dispel

disipar
Meaning
to make a doubt, feeling, or belief disappear
Example
The teacher's explanation dispelled the students' confusion.
La explicación del profesor disipó la confusión de los estudiantes.
C1 adjective ʌnˈmætʃt

unmatched

incomparable
Meaning
Not equaled or rivaled by any other; without equal.
Example
The freedom fighters showed unmatched bravery.
Los luchadores por la libertad demostraron valentía incomparable.
C1 verb /bloʊt/

bloat

hinchar
Meaning
to swell or cause to swell, often due to fluid or gas
Example
Eating too much junk food can bloat your stomach.
Comer demasiada comida chatarra puede hacer que tu estómago se hinche.
C1 verb /tiːm/

teem

abundar
Meaning
to be full of or swarming with
Example
The forest teems with wildlife.
El bosque está lleno de vida salvaje.
C1 adjective /ˈsɛptɪk/

septic

infectado
Meaning
Infected with harmful bacteria; relating to or causing infection.
Example
The doctor treated the patient's septic wound immediately.
El doctor trató la herida séptica del paciente de inmediato.
C1 noun /ˈplʌn.dər.ər/

Plunderer

saqueador
Meaning
a person who steals goods, especially during war or civil disorder
Example
The plunderers ransacked the village after the battle.
Los saqueadores saquearon el pueblo después de la batalla.
C1 noun /kəʊˈhiːʒən/

cohesion

cohesión
Meaning
The action or fact of forming a united whole.
Example
The team showed excellent cohesion throughout the project.
El equipo mostró excelente cohesión durante el proyecto.
C1 verb /ˈkæp.saɪz/

capsize

volcarse
Meaning
to overturn in the water
Example
The small fishing boat capsized during the storm.
El pequeño bote de pesca se volcó durante la tormenta.
C1 verb /strʌt/

strut

caminar con arrogancia
Meaning
to walk with a stiff, proud, and confident gait, often to show off
Example
He strutted across the stage after winning the award.
Él caminó por el escenario después de ganar el premio.
C1 adjective /ʌnˈkuːθ/

uncouth

grosero
Meaning
Lacking good manners, refinement, or grace; awkward or rough.
Example
His uncouth behavior shocked the guests at the party.
Su comportamiento grosero sorprendió a los invitados en la fiesta.
C1 verb /druːp/

droop

caer
Meaning
to bend or hang downward; to become weak or tired
Example
The flowers began to droop in the heat.
Las flores empezaron a caer debido al calor.
C1 noun/adjective ˈflɛdʒ.lɪŋ

fledgling

principiante, inexperto, recién establecido
Meaning
New, inexperienced, newly established.
Example
The fledgling startup needs investment.
La empresa principiante necesita inversión.
C1 noun /ˈfɔːrˌfɑːðər/

forefather

antepasado
Meaning
an ancestor, especially one who was part of an earlier generation of a family or nation
Example
Our forefathers fought for independence.
Nuestros antepasados lucharon por la independencia.
C1 adjective /ˌɪnɑːrˈtɪkjʊlət/

inarticulate

inarticulado
Meaning
Unable to express oneself clearly or effectively in speech or writing.
Example
She became inarticulate with emotion during the speech.
Ella se volvió inarticulada con emoción durante el discurso.
C1 noun /ˈlɪmboʊ/

limbo

incertidumbre, estado de suspensión
Meaning
A state of uncertainty or neglect; an intermediate or transitional state.
Example
The project was left in limbo after the funding was withdrawn.
El proyecto fue dejado en incertidumbre después de que se retiró la financiación.
C1 verb /ˈtɪpɪfaɪ/

typify

representar
Meaning
to represent or be a typical example of something
Example
His leadership style typifies the new corporate culture.
Su estilo de liderazgo representa la nueva cultura corporativa.
C1 noun /bʊk ˈbaɪn.dər/

Book binder

encuadernador de libros
Meaning
a person whose job is to fasten the pages of books together and put covers on them
Example
The old book binder carefully restored the antique manuscript.
El viejo encuadernador restauró cuidadosamente el antiguo manuscrito.
C1 verb /sɪft/

sift

tamizar / examinar cuidadosamente
Meaning
to separate or sort through carefully, often using a sieve or by examining closely
Example
She sifted the flour before adding it to the cake mixture.
Ella tamizó la harina antes de agregarla a la mezcla del pastel.
C1 noun /ˈæltoʊ/

alto

alto (una voz de canto de adulto)
Meaning
the second highest adult singing voice, between soprano and tenor
Example
She sang the alto part in the choir beautifully.
Ella cantaba la parte del alto en el coro hermosamente.
C1 noun /ˈæptɪˌtjuːd/

aptitude

aptitud
Meaning
a natural ability or talent to do something well
Example
She has a strong aptitude for learning new languages.
Ella tiene una gran aptitud para aprender nuevos idiomas.
C1 noun /ˈdeɪˌbreɪk/

daybreak

alba
Meaning
The time in the morning when daylight first appears; dawn.
Example
They set out on their journey at daybreak.
Salieron en su viaje al amanecer.
C1 verb /ˈprɒpəɡeɪt/

propagate

propagar
Meaning
To spread or transmit an idea, belief, or information widely; also to reproduce in plants or animals.
Example
Scientists work to propagate the species in captivity.
Los científicos trabajan para propagar las especies en cautiverio.
C1 noun /ˈdeɪ.ə.ti/

deity

deidad
Meaning
a god or goddess
Example
The temple is dedicated to a Hindu deity.
El templo está dedicado a una deidad hindú.
C1 verb /ˈwɒd.əl/

waddle

caminar de manera torpe
Meaning
to walk with short steps and a clumsy swaying motion, like a duck
Example
The duck waddled across the yard.
El pato caminó de manera torpe a través del jardín.
C1 verb /ˈpɒstʃʊleɪt/

postulate

postular
Meaning
to suggest or assume that something is true as the basis for reasoning or discussion
Example
Scientists postulate that life exists on other planets.
Los científicos postulan que la vida existe en otros planetas.
C1 noun /ɪˈnɔːrmɪti/

enormity

enormidad
Meaning
The extreme scale, seriousness, or extent of something perceived as bad or morally wrong.
Example
The enormity of the crime shocked the entire community.
La enormidad del crimen sorprendió a toda la comunidad.
C1 noun ˈhɪn.drəns

hindrance

obstáculo
Meaning
Something that creates difficulties or delays in progress.
Example
Lack of funds was a major hindrance to the project.
La falta de fondos fue un obstáculo importante para el proyecto.
C1 adjective /ˈɡrɪz.li/

grisly

espantoso
Meaning
causing horror or disgust
Example
The police discovered a grisly scene at the crime site.
La policía descubrió una escena espantosa en el lugar del crimen.