cardinal
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C1 adjective, noun /ˈkɑːr.dɪ.nəl/

cardinal

cardenal / principal
Meaning
As an adjective: of prime importance; as a noun: a high-ranking Catholic clergyman or a type of bird.
Example
Honesty is a cardinal virtue in life.
La honestidad es una virtud cardinal en la vida.
C1 noun səˈfɪʃənsi

sufficiency

suficiencia
Meaning
The condition of being adequate or enough; adequacy.
Example
The sufficiency of food supply is critical for survival.
La suficiencia del suministro de alimentos es crítica para la supervivencia.
C1 noun /ˌkɔr.diˈæl.ɪ.ti/

Cordiality

cordialidad; amabilidad
Meaning
sincere affection and kindness; warm and friendly behavior
Example
The host's cordiality made all the guests feel welcome and comfortable.
La cordialidad del anfitrión hizo que todos los invitados se sintieran bienvenidos y cómodos.
C1 noun/verb /ˈtʌtʃ.ʌp/

touch-up

corrección o mejora pequeña
Meaning
Small corrections or improvements made to something.
Example
The artist gave a quick touch-up to the painting.
El artista hizo un toque rápido en la pintura.
C1 noun (plural) /kwɑːmz/

qualms

dudas
Meaning
feelings of doubt, worry, or uneasiness
Example
He had serious qualms about accepting the offer.
Él tenía serias dudas sobre aceptar la oferta.
C1 adjective /ɪˈleɪtɪd/

elated

extremadamente feliz
Meaning
Extremely happy and excited.
Example
She was elated when she heard the good news.
Estaba extremadamente feliz cuando escuchó las buenas noticias.
C1 adjective /ˈstɒdʒi/

stodgy

pesado, anticuado
Meaning
Dull, uninspired, or old-fashioned; also heavy and hard to digest when referring to food.
Example
The lecture was so stodgy that many students struggled to stay awake.
La conferencia fue tan pesada que muchos estudiantes tuvieron dificultades para mantenerse despiertos.
C1 adjective /əbˈtjuːs/

Obtuse

tonto; obtuso; lento de comprensión
Meaning
annoyingly insensitive or slow to understand; lacking in intelligence or perception
Example
He was being deliberately obtuse about the instructions.
Él estaba siendo deliberadamente obtuso sobre las instrucciones.
C1 adjective /ˌiːɡoʊˈsentrɪk/

egocentric

egocéntrico
Meaning
thinking only about yourself and not about others
Example
His egocentric behavior annoyed everyone at the meeting.
Su comportamiento egocéntrico molestó a todos en la reunión.
C1 verb /ˈkaʊər/

cower

agacharse por miedo
Meaning
to crouch down in fear
Example
The child cowered behind the sofa during the thunderstorm.
El niño se encogió detrás del sofá durante la tormenta.
C1 noun /ˈwɪndfɔːl/

windfall

ganancia inesperada
Meaning
an unexpected piece of good fortune, typically a large amount of money
Example
The startup received a windfall when a major client paid for a full year in advance.
La startup recibió una ganancia inesperada cuando un cliente importante pagó por un año completo por adelantado.
C1 noun /ˌspɒn.təˈneɪ.ɪ.ti/

spontaneity

espontaneidad
Meaning
The quality of being spontaneous; natural and unplanned behavior.
Example
His spontaneity makes him a great conversationalist.
Su espontaneidad lo convierte en un gran conversador.
C1 adjective /ˈper.ɪ.ləs/

perilous

peligroso, arriesgado, inseguro
Meaning
Full of danger or risk; hazardous and threatening.
Example
The explorers took a perilous journey.
Los exploradores hicieron un viaje peligroso.
C1 noun /ˌpeɪ.li.ɒnˈtɒl.ə.dʒi/

paleontology

paleontología
Meaning
the branch of science concerned with fossil animals and plants
Example
She decided to study paleontology at university.
Decidió estudiar paleontología en la universidad.
C1 adjective /vəˈluː.mə.nəs/

voluminous

voluminoso, grande, expansivo
Meaning
Occupying or containing much space; large in volume, in particular.
Example
The library contained a voluminous collection of books.
La biblioteca tenía una colección voluminosa de libros.
C1 verb /ˈhæɡəl/

haggle

regatear
Meaning
to argue about the price; to bargain persistently
Example
They haggled over the price for an hour.
Estuvieron regateando el precio durante una hora.
C1 noun /sʌˈmeɪʃən/

summation

suma, resumen
Meaning
The process of adding things together; a summary of points.
Example
The lawyer gave a powerful summation of the case.
El abogado dio un poderoso resumen del caso.
C1 noun /ˈæbsɛs/

abscess

absceso
Meaning
A swollen area within body tissue containing pus, usually caused by infection.
Example
The dentist treated the abscess in his tooth.
El dentista trató el absceso en su diente.
C1 adjective /ˈmærɪtəl/

marital

conyugal
Meaning
Relating to marriage or the relationship between husband and wife.
Example
They sought counseling to resolve their marital issues.
Buscaron asesoramiento para resolver sus problemas conyugales.
C1 noun /skraɪb/

scribe

escriba
Meaning
a person who writes documents, especially in ancient times; a professional copyist
Example
In ancient Egypt, scribes recorded important events.
En el antiguo Egipto, los escribas registraron eventos importantes.
C1 noun /ˈpærəbl/

parable

parable
Meaning
A simple story used to illustrate a moral or spiritual lesson.
Example
Jesus often taught using a parable to convey deeper truths.
Jesús a menudo enseñaba usando una parábola para transmitir verdades más profundas.
C1 noun /ˈfjuː.dʒə.tɪv/

Fugitive

fugitivo
Meaning
a person who has escaped from a place or is in hiding, especially to avoid arrest
Example
The police launched a manhunt to capture the fugitive who escaped from prison.
La policía lanzó una búsqueda para capturar al fugitivo que escapó de la prisión.
C1 noun /ˈmʌltɪtuːd/

multitude

multitud
Meaning
A large number of people or things.
Example
A multitude of fans gathered at the stadium.
Una multitud de fanáticos se reunió en el estadio.
C1 noun səˌsɛp.təˈbɪl.ə.ti

susceptibility

susceptibilidad
Meaning
The quality of being likely to be influenced or harmed by a particular thing; vulnerability.
Example
High susceptibility to infections requires extra care.
Alta susceptibilidad a infecciones requiere atención adicional.
C1 adjective /kræs/

crass

tosco, sin sensibilidad o refinamiento
Meaning
lacking sensitivity, refinement, or intelligence
Example
His crass remarks offended everyone at the meeting.
Sus comentarios groseros ofendieron a todos en la reunión.
C1 noun ˌkɒm.pjʊˈteɪ.ʃən

computation

cálculo
Meaning
The action of mathematical calculation.
Example
Complex computation is required for AI models.
Se requiere un cálculo complejo para los modelos de IA.
C1 verb /əˈbriːvieɪt/

abbreviate

abreviar
Meaning
To shorten a word, phrase, or text by leaving out letters or parts.
Example
We often abbreviate 'Doctor' to 'Dr'.
A menudo abreviamos 'Doctor' a 'Dr'.
C1 verb/noun /skaʊl/

scowl

fruncir el ceño
Meaning
To frown in an angry or bad-tempered way.
Example
She scowled when she heard the unfair remark.
Ella frunció el ceño cuando escuchó el comentario injusto.
C1 noun ˈnærətɪv staɪl

narrative style

estilo narrativo
Meaning
The way in which a story is told, including the point of view and the voice of the narrator.
Example
Dickens' narrative style is engaging and emotional.
El estilo narrativo de Dickens es cautivador y emocional.
C1 noun ˌɔːɡ.menˈteɪ.ʃən

augmentation

aumento o expansión
Meaning
Increasing quantity, power or performance.
Example
The company invested in the augmentation of its workforce.
La empresa invirtió en la augmentación de su fuerza laboral.
C1 noun /rɪˈvɒl.vər/

Revolver

revólver
Meaning
a pistol with revolving chambers enabling several shots to be fired without reloading
Example
The detective drew his revolver from its holster.
El detective sacó su revólver de su funda.
C1 noun /oʊˈbɪt.ʃu.er.i/

Obituary

obituario
Meaning
a notice of someone's death published in a newspaper; biographical account of deceased person
Example
The newspaper published his obituary yesterday.
El periódico publicó su obituario ayer.
C1 adjective /kəmˈplɪsɪt/

complicit

cómplice (en un crimen)
Meaning
involved with others in an illegal activity or wrongdoing
Example
He was found complicit in the crime.
Él fue encontrado cómplice en el crimen.
C1 adjective ˈsek.tər spəˈsɪf.ɪk

sector-specific

específico del sector
Meaning
Relating to or designed for a particular sector or industry.
Example
Sector-specific policies attract targeted investments.
Las políticas específicas del sector atraen inversiones dirigidas.
C1 noun /ˌoʊvərprəˈdʌkʃən/

overproduction

sobreproducción
Meaning
The act of producing more of something than is needed or can be consumed.
Example
The economic crisis was caused by the overproduction of goods.
La crisis económica fue causada por la sobreproducción de bienes.
C1 noun /ˈʌp.ʃɒt/

Upshot

resultado; conclusión
Meaning
the final result or outcome of a series of events; conclusion
Example
The upshot of the meeting was a decision to postpone the project.
El resultado de la reunión fue una decisión de posponer el proyecto.
C1 noun /dɪˈvaɪzər/

divisor

divisor
Meaning
A number by which another number is divided.
Example
In the equation 12 ÷ 3, the number 3 is the divisor.
En la ecuación 12 ÷ 3, el número 3 es el divisor.
C1 noun /ˈprɒvənəns/

provenance

origen
Meaning
The origin or source of something.
Example
The museum verified the provenance of the ancient manuscript.
El museo verificó el origen del antiguo manuscrito.
C1 verb /daɪˈleɪt/

dilate

dilatar
Meaning
To make wider, larger, or more open.
Example
The doctor used drops to dilate the patient's pupils.
El doctor usó gotas para dilatar las pupilas del paciente.
C1 noun ˌsʌb.sɪ.dɪˈzeɪ.ʃən

subsidization

subsidio
Meaning
Financial assistance provided by government to make certain goods or services more affordable.
Example
Subsidization of agriculture helps farmers maintain crop production.
La subsidización de la agricultura ayuda a los agricultores a mantener la producción de cultivos.
C1 noun /tʃɪt/

Chit

nota, billete, recibo
Meaning
a short note, typically a brief informal letter; a voucher for a sum owed
Example
She left a chit on the table asking him to call her back.
Ella dejó un chit en la mesa pidiéndole que la llamara de vuelta.
C1 noun /kənˈsep.ʃən/

Conception

concepción; idea; fertilización
Meaning
the forming of an idea or plan; the fertilization of an ovum by a sperm; the action of conceiving
Example
The conception of this innovative project took several months of brainstorming.
La concepción de este proyecto innovador tomó varios meses de lluvia de ideas.
C1 noun /læʃ/

Lash

pestaña; golpe con látigo o cuerda
Meaning
an eyelash; a sharp blow with a whip or rope; to strike forcefully
Example
She carefully applied mascara to make her lashes look longer and darker.
Ella aplicó cuidadosamente el rímel para hacer que sus pestañas se vieran más largas y oscuras.
C1 noun /ˈsæl.mən fɪʃ / ˈroʊ.huː/

Salmon fish / Rohu

pescado Rohu
Meaning
a freshwater fish popular in South Asian cuisine; also refers to salmon which is a different species
Example
Rohu fish is commonly prepared with spices in Bengali households.
El pescado Rohu se prepara comúnmente con especias en los hogares bengalíes.
C1 adjective /koʊˈɜːrsɪv/

coercive

coercitivo
Meaning
Relating to or using force or threats to make someone do something.
Example
The government faced criticism for adopting coercive measures against protestors.
El gobierno enfrentó críticas por adoptar medidas coercitivas contra los manifestantes.
C1 noun /ˈloʊ.kəst/

Locust

langosta
Meaning
a large insect that flies in groups and eats crops
Example
The locusts destroyed the entire wheat field.
Las langostas destruyeron todo el campo de trigo.
C1 noun /ˌtɛrəˈdæktɪl/

pterodactyl

reptil volador extinto
Meaning
An extinct flying reptile of the Jurassic period, with a long slender head and wings formed by a membrane stretching along the body.
Example
The museum displayed a fossil of a giant pterodactyl.
El museo exhibió un fósil de un pterodáctilo gigante.
C1 verb, noun /miˈændər/

meander

deambular
Meaning
to wander aimlessly or follow a winding course
Example
We meandered through the old streets of the city.
Deambulamos por las antiguas calles de la ciudad.
C1 adjective ˌɡæs.troʊ.ɪnˈtes.tɪ.nəl

gastrointestinal

gastrointestinal
Meaning
Relating to the stomach and intestines.
Example
Spicy food can cause gastrointestinal issues.
La comida picante puede causar problemas gastrointestinales.
C1 verb /stoʊk/

stoke

avivar el fuego; fomentar o aumentar un sentimiento o actividad fuerte
Meaning
To add fuel to a fire; to encourage or increase a strong feeling or activity.
Example
The politician’s speech stoked anger among the crowd.
El discurso del político encendió la ira entre la multitud.
C1 noun ˈdʒɛnɪsɪs

genesis

origen, génesis
Meaning
The origin or mode of formation of something.
Example
The genesis of the internet changed the world forever.
El génesis de Internet cambió el mundo para siempre.
C1 noun nɪˈmɒnɪks

mnemonics

técnica de memoria, ayudas mnemotécnicas
Meaning
A technique to aid memory; a device such as a pattern of letters, ideas, or associations
Example
Mnemonics help in remembering complex concepts easily.
Los mnemónicos ayudan a recordar conceptos complejos fácilmente.
C1 adjective /ˈdesələt/

Desolate

desierto; solitario; árido
Meaning
deserted; lonely; barren
Example
The abandoned village looked desolate and empty.
El pueblo abandonado se veía desolado y vacío.
C1 adjective skiˈmæt.ɪk

Schematic

relacionado con un esquema o de forma resumida
Meaning
Presenting some framework or concept briefly
Example
The engineer provided a schematic diagram of the project.
El ingeniero proporcionó un diagrama esquemático del proyecto.
C1 noun /ɪkˈstræv.ə.ɡəns/

Extravagance

gasto excesivo; derroche
Meaning
lack of restraint in spending money; excessive expense
Example
The wedding celebration was criticized for its unnecessary extravagance.
La celebración de la boda fue criticada por su extravagancia innecesaria.
C1 noun ˌmɒd.ɪ.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃənz

modifications

modificaciones
Meaning
The action of making partial or minor changes to something.
Example
DNA modifications enable enhanced traits in crops.
Las modificaciones del ADN permiten características mejoradas en los cultivos.
C1 adjective ɔːɡˈmen.tɪd

augmented

aumentado, mejorado, ampliado
Meaning
having been made greater in size or value.
Example
The new software provided augmented reality features.
El nuevo software proporcionó características de realidad aumentada.
C1 noun /ˈdiːviəns/

deviance

desviación
Meaning
Behavior that differs from accepted social or moral standards.
Example
The book studies deviance in urban youth culture.
El libro estudia la desviación en la cultura juvenil urbana.
C1 noun /əˈpreʃ.ən/

Oppression

opresión; abuso; tiranía;
Meaning
cruel or unjust treatment or exercise of authority; the state of being subject to harsh treatment
Example
The people fought against political oppression.
La gente luchó contra la opresión política.
C1 verb /ˈeɪ.li.ə.neɪt/

alienate

alienar
Meaning
To make someone feel isolated or estranged; to cause someone to become unfriendly.
Example
His rude behavior alienated many of his friends.
Su comportamiento grosero alienó a muchos de sus amigos.
C1 adjective /ˌɪnsɪˈdɛntəl/

incidental

incidental
Meaning
happening as a minor part or in connection with something else
Example
Incidental expenses like snacks and tips were included in the bill.
Gastos incidentales como bocadillos y propinas fueron incluidos en la factura.
C1 noun /fɪˈlæn.θrə.pɪst/

philanthropist

filántropo
Meaning
a person who seeks to promote the welfare of others, especially by donating money to good causes
Example
The philanthropist donated millions to build schools in rural areas.
El filántropo donó millones para construir escuelas en áreas rurales.
C1 noun əˌsɪm.ɪˈleɪ.ʃən

Assimilation

asimilación
Meaning
Connecting new information with existing knowledge
Example
Proper assimilation of knowledge leads to effective learning.
La correcta asimilación del conocimiento conduce a un aprendizaje efectivo.
C1 noun /hɒˈstɪləti/

hostility

hostilidad
Meaning
hostile behavior; unfriendliness or opposition
Example
The negotiations ended in an atmosphere of hostility.
Las negociaciones terminaron en un ambiente de hostilidad.
C1 noun /lɒft/

loft

ático
Meaning
An upper room or space, often under the roof of a building.
Example
She converted the old loft into a modern studio.
Ella convirtió el viejo ático en un moderno estudio.
C1 noun /ˈkɒnsjʊlət/

consulate

consulado
Meaning
the building or office where a consul works
Example
He went to the consulate to renew his visa.
Él fue al consulado para renovar su visa.
C1 noun /ˈfʌŋɡəs/

fungus

hongo
Meaning
a spore-producing organism feeding on organic matter, including molds, yeast, and mushrooms
Example
A strange fungus was growing on the old tree.
Un extraño hongo estaba creciendo en el viejo árbol.
C1 adjective /trænsˈfɜːrəbəl/

Transferable

transferible
Meaning
able to be moved from one place to another; able to be given to someone else
Example
The skills you learn here are transferable to other jobs.
Las habilidades que aprendas aquí son transferibles a otros trabajos.
C1 noun স্ক্রোলিং অ্যাডিকশন

scrolling addiction

adicción al desplazamiento
Meaning
A compulsive need to continuously scroll through content on digital devices, particularly smartphones and social media platforms.
Example
Scrolling addiction is a growing concern among smartphone users.
La adicción al desplazamiento es una preocupación creciente entre los usuarios de teléfonos inteligentes.
C1 noun prɪˈzɜː.və.tɪvz

preservatives

conservantes
Meaning
A substance used to preserve foodstuffs, wood, or other materials against decay.
Example
Many processed foods contain harmful preservatives.
Muchos alimentos procesados contienen conservantes dañinos.
C1 noun /ɪnˈsɜːrdʒənt/

insurgent

insurgente
Meaning
A person who rises in revolt against authority or government.
Example
The army arrested several insurgents after the attack.
El ejército arrestó a varios insurgentes después del ataque.
C1 noun /ɪɡˌzæm.ɪˈniː/

Examinee

examinado
Meaning
a person who is being tested in an examination
Example
Each examinee was given two hours to complete the test.
Cada examinado recibió dos horas para completar la prueba.
C1 adjective /ˌdɪsɪnˈdʒɛnjʊəs/

disingenuous

falso
Meaning
not candid or sincere; giving a false appearance of honesty or openness
Example
She gave a disingenuous excuse for missing the meeting.
Ella dio una excusa falsa por no asistir a la reunión.
C1 noun /ˈʌlsər/

ulcer

úlcera
Meaning
a sore on the skin or a mucous membrane that does not heal easily
Example
The doctor prescribed medicine to treat the stomach ulcer.
El médico recetó un medicamento para tratar la úlcera de estómago.
C1 verb /ˈrɛlɪɡeɪt/

relegate

relegar
Meaning
to assign to a lower rank, position, or category
Example
The manager decided to relegate the player to the bench.
El gerente decidió relegar al jugador al banco.
C1 adjective /ˈkjʊərəbl/

curable

curable
Meaning
Able to be cured or healed.
Example
The doctor assured her that the disease was curable.
El doctor le aseguró que la enfermedad era curable.
C1 adjective /ˈlækˌlʌstər/

lackluster

falto de brillo
Meaning
Lacking in vitality, force, or conviction; uninspired or uninspiring.
Example
The lackluster performance disappointed the audience.
La actuación sin brillo decepcionó a la audiencia.
C1 noun ˌɪn.ɪˈfɪʃ.ən.si

inefficiency

ineficiencia
Meaning
The state or quality of not achieving maximum productivity; failure to make the best use of time or resources.
Example
Government inefficiency leads to slow project completion.
La ineficiencia del gobierno conduce a una finalización lenta del proyecto.
C1 noun /ˈælɔɪ/

alloy

aleación
Meaning
A mixture of metals or a metal combined with another element.
Example
Bronze is an alloy of copper and tin.
El bronce es una aleación de cobre y estaño.
C1 noun ˌæprɪˈhɛnʃən

apprehension

preocupación
Meaning
Anxiety or fear that something bad or unpleasant will happen.
Example
There is an apprehension about the depletion of fish stocks.
Hay preocupación por la disminución de las existencias de pescado.
C1 adjective /prəˈvoʊkɪŋ/

Provoking

provocador
Meaning
causing anger or strong reaction; irritating; stimulating
Example
His provoking comments made everyone angry.
Sus comentarios provocadores hicieron que todos se enojaran.
C1 verb /pɜːrdʒ/

purge

purificar
Meaning
To remove unwanted feelings, people, or things; to cleanse or purify.
Example
The new leader promised to purge corruption from the government.
El nuevo líder prometió purgar la corrupción del gobierno.
C1 adjective /ɪˈvɒkətɪv/

evocative

evocador
Meaning
bringing strong images, memories, or feelings to mind
Example
The music was evocative of her childhood memories.
La música evocó sus recuerdos de la infancia.
C1 noun /əˈrɪəz/

arrears

deuda pendiente
Meaning
Money that is owed and should have been paid earlier.
Example
She was months in arrears with her electricity bill.
Estaba meses en deuda con su factura de electricidad.
C1 noun /ˌdɪsəˈbiːdiəns/

disobedience

desobediencia
Meaning
failure or refusal to obey rules, laws, or authority
Example
The child's disobedience worried his parents.
La desobediencia del niño preocupó a sus padres.
C1 noun /ˌdʒiːniˈælədʒi/

genealogy

genealogía
Meaning
The study and tracing of lines of descent or family history.
Example
She spent years researching her family's genealogy.
Pasó años investigando la genealogía de su familia.
C1 verb /ˈɑːrbɪtreɪt/

arbitrate

arbitrar
Meaning
to settle a dispute between two parties by acting as an impartial judge
Example
The committee agreed to arbitrate the contract dispute.
El comité acordó arbitrar la disputa del contrato.
C1 verb /əˈkrɛdɪt/

accredit

acreditar
Meaning
to officially recognize, authorize, or approve someone or something
Example
The university is accredited by the national education board.
La universidad está acreditada por el consejo nacional de educación.
C1 adjective /ˈdaʊ.ər/

dour

severo
Meaning
relentlessly severe, stern, or gloomy in manner or appearance
Example
His dour expression made the meeting uncomfortable.
Su expresión severa hizo que la reunión fuera incómoda.
C1 noun /ˈmɪʃ.ən.ɛr.i/

Missionary

misionero
Meaning
A person sent on a religious mission to promote their faith in a foreign country
Example
The missionary spent years teaching and helping people in remote villages.
El misionero pasó años enseñando y ayudando a la gente en aldeas remotas.
C1 noun /ˈʌndərˌstʌdi/

understudy

doble de reparto
Meaning
An actor who learns another's role to act as a replacement if needed.
Example
The understudy performed when the lead actor fell ill.
El doble de reparto actuó cuando el actor principal se enfermó.
C1 adjective /ɪɡˈzæspəˌreɪtɪd/

exasperated

muy molesto
Meaning
greatly annoyed or irritated
Example
She gave him an exasperated look after his repeated mistakes.
Ella le dio una mirada muy molesta después de sus errores repetidos.
C1 noun /ˈkʌl.ən.dər/

Colander

colador
Meaning
a bowl-shaped kitchen utensil with holes in it used for draining food such as pasta or rice
Example
She drained the pasta using a colander.
Ella drenó la pasta usando un colador.
C1 noun ˈæf.lu.əns

affluence

afluencia
Meaning
The state of having a great deal of money; wealth.
Example
His affluence allowed him to travel the world.
Su afluencia le permitió viajar por el mundo.
C1 adjective /ˈhæk.nid/

hackneyed

cliché
Meaning
Used too often and therefore lacking originality or freshness.
Example
The speech was filled with hackneyed phrases that failed to inspire the audience.
El discurso estaba lleno de frases cliché que no lograron inspirar al público.
C1 adjective /ˈsɔːsi/

saucy

atrevido
Meaning
Boldly rude, cheeky, or playfully disrespectful.
Example
The child gave a saucy reply to his teacher.
El niño dio una respuesta atrevida a su maestro.
C1 noun /ˈsæf.aɪər/

Saphire

zafiro
Meaning
a precious stone that is typically blue in color
Example
The royal crown was adorned with a large sapphire.
La corona real estaba adornada con un gran zafiro.
C1 noun /ˈaʊtˌɡroʊθ/

outgrowth

desarrollo
Meaning
something that grows out of something else; a natural development or result
Example
The new policy was an outgrowth of years of debate.
La nueva política fue un desarrollo de años de debate.
C1 adjective /ˌeɪsɪˈmɛtrɪkəl/

asymmetrical

asimétrico
Meaning
Having parts that are not the same in size, shape, or arrangement.
Example
She wore an asymmetrical dress that drew everyone’s attention.
Ella llevaba un vestido asimétrico que atraía la atención de todos.
C1 noun /hɪˈpɑː.krə.si/

Hypocrisy

hipocresía; falsedad; engaño;
Meaning
the practice of claiming to have moral standards that one does not actually possess; insincerity
Example
His hypocrisy was exposed when he criticized others for the same mistakes he had made.
su hipocresía fue expuesta cuando criticó a otros por los mismos errores que él había cometido.
C1 noun /ˈskwɒtər/

squatter

ocupante ilegal
Meaning
a person who unlawfully occupies an uninhabited building or unused land
Example
The police removed the squatters from the abandoned house.
La policía sacó a los ocupantes ilegales de la casa abandonada.
C1 verb /ˈteɪpər/

taper

afinar
Meaning
To gradually decrease in width, thickness, or intensity.
Example
The road tapers off as it reaches the mountains.
La carretera se estrecha a medida que llega a las montañas.
C1 noun /ˌæmplɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/

amplification

amplificación
Meaning
the act or process of making something stronger, louder, or more intense; an expansion or elaboration of details
Example
The microphone provides amplification of the speaker’s voice.
El micrófono proporciona amplificación de la voz del orador.
C1 noun /ˈtoʊ.pæz/

Topaz

topacio
Meaning
a precious stone, typically colorless, yellow, or blue, used in jewelry
Example
The queen's crown was adorned with a magnificent blue topaz.
La corona de la reina estaba adornada con un magnífico topacio azul.
C1 noun /twɪndʒ/

twinge

dolor agudo
Meaning
a sudden, sharp pain or an emotional pang
Example
He felt a twinge of guilt after lying to his friend.
Sintió un dolor agudo de culpa después de mentirle a su amigo.
C1 adjective /səˈtɪrɪk/

satiric

satírico
Meaning
Relating to or using satire.
Example
The novel takes a satiric view of urban life.
La novela tiene una visión satírica de la vida urbana.
C1 noun /plaɪt/

Plight

dificultad; situación desafortunada
Meaning
a dangerous, difficult, or unfortunate situation
Example
The refugees were in a desperate plight.
Los refugiados estaban en una difícil situación.
C1 adverb /ˌɪn.dɪˈskrɪm.ɪ.nət.li/

Indiscriminately

indiscriminadamente
Meaning
without making careful distinctions; randomly; without discrimination
Example
The company fired employees indiscriminately without considering their performance.
La empresa despidió a los empleados indiscriminadamente sin considerar su rendimiento.
C1 noun /ˈriːbeɪt/

rebate

descuento/reembolso
Meaning
a partial refund given to someone who has paid too much money for something
Example
The store offered a rebate on bulk purchases.
La tienda ofreció un descuento en compras al por mayor.
C1 adjective /ˈtɛsti/

testy

irritable
Meaning
Easily irritated or annoyed.
Example
He became testy when asked the same question repeatedly.
Se puso irritable cuando le hicieron la misma pregunta repetidamente.
C1 adjective /koʊˈɪnsɪdənt/

coincident

coincidente
Meaning
Occurring at the same time; occupying the same position in space or time.
Example
The festival was coincident with the national holiday.
El festival fue coincidente con el día festivo nacional.
C1 verb /əˈliː.vi.eɪt/

alleviate

aliviar o mitigar
Meaning
To make suffering, deficiency, or a problem less severe; to relieve or ease.
Example
Meditation can alleviate stress and improve focus.
La meditación puede aliviar el estrés y mejorar el enfoque.
C1 noun /ˈæntlɚ/

antler

cuerno de ciervo
Meaning
The branched horns on the head of a deer or similar animal, usually shed and regrown annually.
Example
The deer’s antlers grew larger each year.
Los cuernos de ciervo crecían más grandes cada año.
C1 noun /ˈsʌn.stroʊk/

Sunstroke

golpe de calor
Meaning
a serious condition caused by overheating from prolonged exposure to high temperatures
Example
The worker suffered from sunstroke after working outside all day.
El trabajador sufrió un golpe de calor después de trabajar afuera todo el día.
C1 noun /ˈdɔːrˌkiːpər/

doorkeeper

portero
Meaning
A person whose job is to guard or manage the entrance of a building or room.
Example
The doorkeeper checked everyone’s passes before they entered the hall.
El doorkeeper revisó los pases de todos antes de que entraran al salón.
C1 noun /nuːs/

Noose

lazo
Meaning
a loop with a running knot used for hanging; a trap or snare
Example
The cowboy made a noose to catch the wild horse.
El vaquero hizo un lazo para atrapar al caballo salvaje.
C1 adjective /ɔːlˈmaɪ.ti/

Almighty

todopoderoso
Meaning
having unlimited power; omnipotent
Example
The almighty storm destroyed everything in its path.
El todopoderoso tormenta destruyó todo en su camino.
C1 adjective /ˌɒbsəˈliːt/

obsolete

obsoleto
Meaning
No longer in use or out of date.
Example
Floppy disks are now completely obsolete.
Los disquetes ahora están completamente obsoletos.
C1 noun /ˈmɛrɪɡoʊld/

Marigold

caléndula
Meaning
a bright orange or yellow flower of the daisy family, often used in gardens and ceremonies
Example
The vibrant marigold flowers added a splash of color to the festival decorations.
Las vibrantes flores de caléndula añadieron un toque de color a las decoraciones del festival.
C1 noun /ˈmaɪlɪdʒ/

mileage

rendimiento de combustible
Meaning
The distance traveled in miles, or the fuel efficiency of a vehicle.
Example
This car gives excellent mileage on highways.
Este coche da un excelente rendimiento de combustible en las autopistas.
C1 noun /ˈpriːˌæmbəl/

preamble

preámbulo
Meaning
a preliminary statement, especially the introduction to a formal document
Example
The preamble of the constitution outlines its guiding principles.
El preámbulo de la constitución describe sus principios fundamentales.